WO2019153699A1 - Two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet, manufacturing method therefor, and application thereof - Google Patents

Two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet, manufacturing method therefor, and application thereof Download PDF

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WO2019153699A1
WO2019153699A1 PCT/CN2018/100581 CN2018100581W WO2019153699A1 WO 2019153699 A1 WO2019153699 A1 WO 2019153699A1 CN 2018100581 W CN2018100581 W CN 2018100581W WO 2019153699 A1 WO2019153699 A1 WO 2019153699A1
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nanosheet
dimensional
tantalum
thickness
dimensional tantalum
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PCT/CN2018/100581
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张晗
谢中建
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深圳大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/02—Elemental selenium or tellurium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
    • H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
    • H01L31/0272—Selenium or tellurium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
    • H01L31/09—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nano materials, in particular to a two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Two-dimensional materials refer to materials that can move freely (planar motion) on two non-nanoscale dimensions, such as nanofilms, superlattices, and quantum wells.
  • the two-dimensional material was proposed along with the successful separation of the monoatomic graphite material graphene from the Geim team at the University of Manchester in 2004. Among them are boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, silene, terpene, black phosphorus and the like called "white graphite”.
  • the two-dimensional materials described above are layered materials, that is, composed of strong chemical bonds in the layers and weak van der Waals forces between the layers. It is easily peeled off into a two-dimensional material by a mechanical peeling method and a liquid phase peeling method.
  • the types of these two-dimensional layered materials are limited, so this greatly limits the development of two-dimensional functional materials. The development of a wider variety of two-dimensional functional materials is imminent.
  • the present invention provides a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which is a novel two-dimensional functional material with good photoelectric detection function.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of from 1 to 50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1-5 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 5-10 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 10-50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 3-5 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-200 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 50-100 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 100-200 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 30-40 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet provided by the first aspect of the invention has a narrow band gap, a wide response spectrum, good stability, and excellent photoelectric detection performance.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, comprising the following steps:
  • the tantalum raw material is provided, and the tantalum raw material is peeled off by a liquid phase stripping method to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
  • liquid phase stripping method specifically comprises the following operations:
  • the bismuth raw material is added to the solvent, and the probe is ultrasonicated for 8-15 hours in an ice bath environment; after the ultrasonication of the probe is finished, the water bath ultrasonication is continued, and the ultrasonic bath time is 3-10 h, and the temperature of the water bath is maintained. 5-15 ° C; after ultrasonication, centrifugation and drying to obtain two-dimensional cerium nanosheets.
  • the ultrasonic power of the probe is 200-250W.
  • the probe ultrasound is non-continuous ultrasound, and the ultrasonic on/off time is selected to be 2/4 s.
  • the water bath ultrasonic power is 300-380W.
  • the centrifugation operation comprises: using a centrifugal force of 0.5-6 kg, centrifuging for 20-35 min, taking the supernatant, and then continuously centrifuging the supernatant with 10-15 kg for 25-35 min to obtain a precipitate; after the obtained precipitate is dried That is, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet is obtained.
  • the solvent comprises at least one of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, water, and methylpyrrolidone (ie, N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP).
  • concentration of the ruthenium raw material in the solvent is 1-7 mg/mL.
  • the bismuth raw material comprises glutinous rice flour or glutinous rice.
  • the prior art generally employs a liquid phase lift-off method for stripping a two-dimensional layered material.
  • the present invention is the first to use a liquid phase stripping method to strip two-dimensional non-layered metal tantalum single material, and has achieved success.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which is prepared by a liquid phase stripping method for a first time from a non-layered tantalum raw material to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which has good peeling effect and can be mass-produced.
  • the two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet has lower cost and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides the use of a two-dimensional germanium nanosheet as described above in a photodetector.
  • the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet of the present invention has good photodetection performance, it can be suitably used for a photodetector.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet provided by the invention has excellent photoelectric detection performance
  • the preparation method of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet provided by the invention is the first method for preparing the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet from the non-layered tantalum raw material by the liquid phase stripping method, and the stripping effect is good, and the large-scale preparation of the two-dimensional tantalum can be realized. Nanosheets, low cost, simple and easy to prepare method;
  • Example 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is an atomic force micrograph of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 3 is an absorption spectrum diagram of a liquid phase stripping process of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet in Example 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an absorption spectrum diagram and a band gap diagram of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet aqueous dispersions of different sizes.
  • two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet or " ⁇ " referred to in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, refers to elemental germanium.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a two-dimensional germanium nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 3-5 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1-5 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 5-10 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 10-50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm or 50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10 to 200 nm.
  • the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-50 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 50-100 nm.
  • the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 100-200 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 30-40 nm.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-30 nm.
  • the two-dimensional ⁇ nanosheet has a length and width dimension of 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm. , 180 nm, 190 nm or 200 nm.
  • the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a light response wavelength range of 500 nm or less.
  • the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a narrow band gap, so that it can respond to the range from ultraviolet light to visible light; secondly, it has better time stability and stable photodetection cycle. Sex. Two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets can achieve better photometric stability within 2 weeks. In the 10h photodetection cycle test, the light probe signal showed only a slight attenuation. Therefore, the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet provided by the embodiment of the invention has a narrow band gap, a wide response spectrum, good stability, and excellent photoelectric detection performance.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, comprising the following steps:
  • the tantalum raw material is provided, and the tantalum raw material is peeled off by a liquid phase stripping method to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
  • the bismuth raw material is a two-dimensional non-layered metal ruthenium element, and may be a ruthenium powder or a ruthenium block, and the size and shape thereof are not particularly limited, and may be micron or millimeter. Block.
  • the bismuth raw material can be obtained by purchase.
  • the band gap of the tantalum raw material is about 0.3 eV, and the band gap of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet obtained after peeling is also narrow, and can be used for detecting light with a long wavelength.
  • the liquid phase stripping method specifically includes the following operations:
  • the bismuth raw material is added to the solvent, and the probe is ultrasonicated for 8-15 hours in an ice bath environment; after the ultrasonication of the probe is finished, the water bath ultrasonication is continued, and the ultrasonic bath time is 3-10 h, and the temperature of the water bath is maintained. 5-15 ° C; after ultrasonication, centrifugation and drying to obtain two-dimensional cerium nanosheets.
  • the solvent comprises at least one of isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, water, and methylpyrrolidone.
  • the concentration of the rhodium material in the solvent is from 1 to 7 mg/mL.
  • the probe has an ultrasonic power of 200-250W. Further optionally, the ultrasonic power of the probe is 240W.
  • the probe is sonicated for 10 hours.
  • the probe ultrasound is non-continuous ultrasound
  • the ultrasonic on/off time is selected to be 2/4 s, that is, ultrasonic for 2 s, then the ultrasonic probe is turned off for 4 s, the ultrasound is continued for 2 s, and so on.
  • the water bath has an ultrasonic power of 300-380 W. Further optionally, the water bath ultrasonic power is 360W.
  • the time of the water bath ultrasound is 8 h.
  • the water bath temperature is maintained at 10 °C.
  • the centrifuging operation comprises: firstly using a centrifugal force of 0.5-6 kg, centrifuging for 20-35 min, taking the supernatant; then, the supernatant is continuously centrifuged with a centrifugal force of 10-15 kg. At 25-35 min, a precipitate is obtained as a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
  • the supernatant is taken; then the supernatant is centrifuged for 30 min with a centrifugal force of 12 kg to obtain a precipitate, and the obtained precipitate is dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
  • the manner of drying is not limited, and may be, for example, vacuum drying.
  • the prior art generally employs a liquid phase lift-off method for stripping a two-dimensional layered material.
  • the present invention uses a liquid phase stripping method to strip two-dimensional non-layered elemental tantalum materials and succeeds.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which is prepared by a liquid phase stripping method for a first time from a non-layered tantalum raw material to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which has good peeling effect and can be mass-produced.
  • the two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet has lower cost and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides the use of a two-dimensional germanium nanosheet as described above in a photodetector.
  • the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet of the present invention has good photodetection performance, it can be well used as a photodetector.
  • a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet comprises the following steps:
  • the required two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets are obtained by centrifugation. First, the centrifugal force of 2000g was used and centrifuged for 30 minutes. The supernatant was taken, and then the supernatant was centrifuged for 30 min at 12000 g to obtain a precipitate, which was vacuum dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
  • Fig. 1 it is an electron mirror topography of a two-dimensional metal elemental tantalum nanosheet. Its size is less than 100 nm.
  • Figure 2 shows an atomic force micrograph. As can be seen from the figure, the thickness of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet is about 4 nm. Therefore, by observation by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, two-dimensional elemental germanium nanosheets can be peeled off by liquid phase stripping.
  • Figure 4a is an absorption spectrum of two-dimensional tantalum nanosheets of different sizes under different centrifugal forces (rotational speeds) during the first centrifugation.
  • Figure 4b shows different bandgap plots for tantalum nanosheets at different speeds.
  • the dimensions of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheets corresponding to the rotational speeds of 0.5-1 kg, 1-3 kg, and 3-6 kg are about 200 nm, about 100 nm, and about 50 nm.
  • the absorption spectrum was measured using an ultraviolet-spectrophotometer. Different sizes of cerium nanosheet dispersions were placed in a quartz cuvette and placed in an ultraviolet spectrophotometer card slot to measure absorbance.
  • band gaps of the yttrium nanosheets corresponding to the rotational speeds of 0.5-1 kg, 1-3 kg and 3-6 kg were 1.63 eV, 1.72 eV and 1.90 eV, respectively.
  • Larger size two-dimensional germanium nanosheets have smaller band gaps and can achieve longer wavelength response. Smaller size two-dimensional germanium nanosheets can achieve higher photodetection signals due to their larger surface area.
  • a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet comprises the following steps:
  • the required two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets are obtained by centrifugation. First, centrifugal force of 1800 g was used and centrifuged for 35 min. The supernatant was taken, and then the supernatant was centrifuged at 15000 g for 25 min to obtain a precipitate, which was vacuum dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
  • a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet comprises the following steps:
  • (1) 500 mg of a mash block was added to 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol. Then select the probe ultrasound 250W, ultrasound for 8h. The ultrasound on/off time was chosen to be 2/4 s and ultrasound was performed in an ice bath environment. After the probe is ultrasonicated, it is then ultrasonically probed in a water bath. The water bath ultrasonic power is 380W. The ultrasound time was 3 h. The bath temperature is maintained at 5 ° C;
  • the required two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets are obtained by centrifugation.
  • the centrifugal force of 2200 g was used and centrifuged for 20 min. The supernatant was taken, and then the supernatant was centrifuged for 35 min at 10000 g to obtain a precipitate, which was vacuum dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet. The two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet has a thickness of 1-50 nm. The two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet provided by the present invention has excellent photoelectric detection performance. The present invention further provides a manufacturing method for the two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet, comprising the following steps: providing a tellurium raw material, and exfoliating the tellurium raw material by means of liquid phase exfoliation to obtain a two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet, the two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet having a thickness of 1-50 nm. According to the present invention, a two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet is manufactured from a non-layered tellurium raw material by means of liquid phase exfoliation for the first time, and the exfoliation effect is good; moreover, large-scale manufacturing of two-dimensional tellurium nanosheets can be implemented, the costs are low, and the manufacturing method is simple and easy to operate. The present invention also provides an application of the two-dimensional tellurium nanosheet in a photodetector.

Description

二维碲纳米片及其制备方法和应用Two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet and preparation method and application thereof
本发明要求于2018年02月09日递交的申请号为201810135123.4，发明名称为“二维碲纳米片及其制备方法和应用”的在先申请的优先权，上述在先申请的内容以引入的方式并入本文本中。The present invention claims the priority of the prior application filed on February 9, 2018, the number of which is incorporated herein by reference. The way is incorporated into this text.
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及纳米材料领域，具体涉及一种二维碲纳米片及其制备方法和应用。The invention relates to the field of nano materials, in particular to a two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet and a preparation method and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
二维材料，是指电子仅可在两个维度的非纳米尺度上自由运动(平面运动)的材料，如纳米薄膜、超晶格、量子阱。二维材料是伴随着2004年曼切斯特大学Geim小组成功分离出单原子层的石墨材料-石墨烯(graphene)而提出的。其中包括，被称为“白石墨”的氮化硼，二硫化钼，硅烯，锗烯，黑磷等。Two-dimensional materials refer to materials that can move freely (planar motion) on two non-nanoscale dimensions, such as nanofilms, superlattices, and quantum wells. The two-dimensional material was proposed along with the successful separation of the monoatomic graphite material graphene from the Geim team at the University of Manchester in 2004. Among them are boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, silene, terpene, black phosphorus and the like called "white graphite".
以上所述的这些二维材料都是层状材料，即在层内由较强的化学键组成，而在层间是由弱的范德华力组成。因为通过机械剥离法和液相剥离法很容易将其剥离成二维材料。但是这些二维层状材料的种类是有限的，因此这极大地限制了二维功能材料的发展。发展更多种类的二维功能材料已经迫在眉睫。The two-dimensional materials described above are layered materials, that is, composed of strong chemical bonds in the layers and weak van der Waals forces between the layers. It is easily peeled off into a two-dimensional material by a mechanical peeling method and a liquid phase peeling method. However, the types of these two-dimensional layered materials are limited, so this greatly limits the development of two-dimensional functional materials. The development of a wider variety of two-dimensional functional materials is imminent.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种二维碲纳米片，所述二维碲纳米片是一种新型的二维功能材料，具有良好的光电探测功能。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which is a novel two-dimensional functional material with good photoelectric detection function.
本发明第一方面提供了一种二维碲纳米片，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-50nm。A first aspect of the invention provides a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of from 1 to 50 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-5nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1-5 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为5-10nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 5-10 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为10-50nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 10-50 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为3-5nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 3-5 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-200nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-200 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-50nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-50 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为50-100nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 50-100 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为100-200nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 100-200 nm.
其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为30-40nm。Wherein, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 30-40 nm.
本发明第一方面提供的二维碲纳米片带隙较窄，响应光谱较宽，同时稳定性较好，具有优良的光电探测性能。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet provided by the first aspect of the invention has a narrow band gap, a wide response spectrum, good stability, and excellent photoelectric detection performance.
本发明第二方面提供了一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, comprising the following steps:
提供碲原料，采用液相剥离的方法对所述碲原料进行剥离，得到二维碲纳米片，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-50nm。The tantalum raw material is provided, and the tantalum raw material is peeled off by a liquid phase stripping method to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
其中，所述液相剥离法具体包括以下操作：Wherein, the liquid phase stripping method specifically comprises the following operations:
将所述碲原料加入至溶剂中，在冰浴环境下采用探头超声8-15h；所述探头超声结束后，继续采用水浴超声，所述水浴超声时间为3-10h，所述水浴的温度保持5-15℃；超声后，进行离心和干燥得到二维碲纳米片。The bismuth raw material is added to the solvent, and the probe is ultrasonicated for 8-15 hours in an ice bath environment; after the ultrasonication of the probe is finished, the water bath ultrasonication is continued, and the ultrasonic bath time is 3-10 h, and the temperature of the water bath is maintained. 5-15 ° C; after ultrasonication, centrifugation and drying to obtain two-dimensional cerium nanosheets.
其中，所述探头超声的功率为200-250W。Wherein, the ultrasonic power of the probe is 200-250W.
其中，所述探头超声是非连续超声，选择超声开/关时间为2/4s。Wherein, the probe ultrasound is non-continuous ultrasound, and the ultrasonic on/off time is selected to be 2/4 s.
其中，所述水浴超声功率为300-380W。Wherein, the water bath ultrasonic power is 300-380W.
其中，所述离心的操作包括：采用0.5-6kg的离心力，离心20-35min，取上清液，然后将所述上清液采用10-15kg继续离心25-35min，得到沉淀；所得沉淀干燥后即得所述二维碲纳米片。Wherein, the centrifugation operation comprises: using a centrifugal force of 0.5-6 kg, centrifuging for 20-35 min, taking the supernatant, and then continuously centrifuging the supernatant with 10-15 kg for 25-35 min to obtain a precipitate; after the obtained precipitate is dried That is, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet is obtained.
其中，所述溶剂包括异丙醇、乙醇、丙酮、水和甲基吡咯烷酮(即N-甲基吡咯烷酮，NMP)中的至少一种。Wherein the solvent comprises at least one of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, water, and methylpyrrolidone (ie, N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP).
其中，所述碲原料在所述溶剂中的浓度为1-7mg/mL。Wherein the concentration of the ruthenium raw material in the solvent is 1-7 mg/mL.
其中，所述碲原料包括碲粉或碲块。Wherein, the bismuth raw material comprises glutinous rice flour or glutinous rice.
现有技术通常采用液相剥离法用来剥离二维层状材料。而本发明首次采用液相剥离法剥离二维非层状金属碲单质材料，并取得成功。The prior art generally employs a liquid phase lift-off method for stripping a two-dimensional layered material. However, the present invention is the first to use a liquid phase stripping method to strip two-dimensional non-layered metal tantalum single material, and has achieved success.
本发明第二方面提供了一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，首次采用液相剥离的方法由非层状的碲原料制得二维碲纳米片，剥离效果良好，且可以实现大规模制备二维碲纳米片，成本较低，制备方法简单易操作。A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which is prepared by a liquid phase stripping method for a first time from a non-layered tantalum raw material to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which has good peeling effect and can be mass-produced. The two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet has lower cost and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate.
本发明第三方面提供了一种如上述所述的二维碲纳米片在光探测器中的应用。A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a two-dimensional germanium nanosheet as described above in a photodetector.
由于本发明的二维碲纳米片具有良好的光电探测性能，因此，可以很好地用于光探测器。Since the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet of the present invention has good photodetection performance, it can be suitably used for a photodetector.
综上，本发明有益效果包括以下几个方面：In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention include the following aspects:
1、本发明提供的二维碲纳米片具有优良的光电探测性能；1. The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet provided by the invention has excellent photoelectric detection performance;
2、本发明提供的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，首次采用液相剥离的方法由非层状的碲原料制得二维碲纳米片，剥离效果良好，且可以实现大规模制备二 维碲纳米片，成本较低，制备方法简单易操作；2. The preparation method of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet provided by the invention is the first method for preparing the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet from the non-layered tantalum raw material by the liquid phase stripping method, and the stripping effect is good, and the large-scale preparation of the two-dimensional tantalum can be realized. Nanosheets, low cost, simple and easy to prepare method;
3、本发明提供的二维碲纳米片在光探测器中的应用。3. The application of the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet provided by the invention in a photodetector.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为实施例1制得的二维碲纳米片的透射电镜图片；1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet prepared in Example 1;
图2为实施例1制得的二维碲纳米片的原子力显微图片；2 is an atomic force micrograph of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet prepared in Example 1;
图3为实施例1中二维碲纳米片的液相剥离过程的吸收光谱图；3 is an absorption spectrum diagram of a liquid phase stripping process of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet in Example 1;
图4为不同尺寸的二维碲纳米片水分散液的吸收光谱图和带隙图。Fig. 4 is an absorption spectrum diagram and a band gap diagram of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet aqueous dispersions of different sizes.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。The following is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can also make several improvements and retouchings without departing from the principles of the present invention. It is the scope of protection of the present invention.
本发明提到的“二维碲纳米片”或“碲”，除特殊说明，均指的是单质碲。The "two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet" or "碲" referred to in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, refers to elemental germanium.
本发明实施方式第一方面提供了一种二维碲纳米片，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-50nm。A first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a two-dimensional germanium nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
本发明实施方式中，可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为3-5nm。可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-5nm。可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为5-10nm。可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为10-50nm。进一步可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1nm、5nm、10nm、15nm、20nm、25nm、30nm、35nm、40nm、45nm或50nm。In an embodiment of the invention, optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 3-5 nm. Optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1-5 nm. Optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 5-10 nm. Optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 10-50 nm. Further optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm or 50 nm.
本发明实施方式中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-200nm。可选地， 所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-50nm。可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为50-100nm。可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为100-200nm。进一步可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为30-40nm。进一步可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-30nm。进一步可选地，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10nm、20nm、30nm、40nm、50nm、60nm、70nm、80nm、90nm、100nm、110nm、120nm、130nm、140nm、150nm、160nm、170nm、180nm、190nm或200nm。In an embodiment of the invention, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10 to 200 nm. Optionally, the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-50 nm. Optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 50-100 nm. Optionally, the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 100-200 nm. Further optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 30-40 nm. Further optionally, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10-30 nm. Further optionally, the two-dimensional 碲 nanosheet has a length and width dimension of 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, 140 nm, 150 nm, 160 nm, 170 nm. , 180 nm, 190 nm or 200 nm.
本发明实施方式中，所述二维碲纳米片的光响应波长范围为500nm以下。In an embodiment of the invention, the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a light response wavelength range of 500 nm or less.
本发明第一方面提供的二维碲纳米片，首先，二维碲纳米片具有较窄的带隙，因此可以响应从紫外光到可见光的范围；其次具有较好的时间稳定性和光探循环稳定性。二维碲纳米片可以实现2周内较好的光探稳定性。在10h的光探循环测试中，光探信号只出现了轻微的衰减。因此，本发明实施方式提供的二维碲纳米片带隙较窄，响应光谱较宽，同时稳定性较好，具有优良的光电探测性能。According to the first aspect of the present invention, the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a narrow band gap, so that it can respond to the range from ultraviolet light to visible light; secondly, it has better time stability and stable photodetection cycle. Sex. Two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets can achieve better photometric stability within 2 weeks. In the 10h photodetection cycle test, the light probe signal showed only a slight attenuation. Therefore, the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet provided by the embodiment of the invention has a narrow band gap, a wide response spectrum, good stability, and excellent photoelectric detection performance.
本发明实施例第二方面提供了一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, comprising the following steps:
提供碲原料，采用液相剥离的方法对所述碲原料进行剥离，得到二维碲纳米片，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-50nm。The tantalum raw material is provided, and the tantalum raw material is peeled off by a liquid phase stripping method to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
本发明实施方式中，所述碲原料为二维非层状的金属碲单质，如可以为碲粉，也可以为碲块，对其大小和形状没有特殊限定如可以为微米级或毫米级的块体。所述碲原料可通过购买得到。所述碲原料的带隙较窄为0.3eV左右，经剥离后得到的二维碲纳米片的带隙也较窄，可用于探测波长较长的光。In the embodiment of the present invention, the bismuth raw material is a two-dimensional non-layered metal ruthenium element, and may be a ruthenium powder or a ruthenium block, and the size and shape thereof are not particularly limited, and may be micron or millimeter. Block. The bismuth raw material can be obtained by purchase. The band gap of the tantalum raw material is about 0.3 eV, and the band gap of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet obtained after peeling is also narrow, and can be used for detecting light with a long wavelength.
本发明实施方式中，所述液相剥离法具体包括以下操作：In the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid phase stripping method specifically includes the following operations:
将所述碲原料加入至溶剂中，在冰浴环境下采用探头超声8-15h；所述探头超声结束后，继续采用水浴超声，所述水浴超声时间为3-10h，所述水浴的温度保持5-15℃；超声后，进行离心和干燥得到二维碲纳米片。The bismuth raw material is added to the solvent, and the probe is ultrasonicated for 8-15 hours in an ice bath environment; after the ultrasonication of the probe is finished, the water bath ultrasonication is continued, and the ultrasonic bath time is 3-10 h, and the temperature of the water bath is maintained. 5-15 ° C; after ultrasonication, centrifugation and drying to obtain two-dimensional cerium nanosheets.
可选地，所述溶剂包括异丙醇、乙醇、丙酮、水和甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。Optionally, the solvent comprises at least one of isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, water, and methylpyrrolidone.
可选地，所述碲原料在所述溶剂中的浓度为1-7mg/mL。Optionally, the concentration of the rhodium material in the solvent is from 1 to 7 mg/mL.
可选地，所述探头超声的功率为200-250W。进一步可选地，所述探头超声的功率为240W。Optionally, the probe has an ultrasonic power of 200-250W. Further optionally, the ultrasonic power of the probe is 240W.
可选地，所述探头超声的时间为10h。Optionally, the probe is sonicated for 10 hours.
可选地，所述探头超声是非连续超声，选择超声开/关时间为2/4s，即先超声2s，然后关闭超声探头保持4s，再继续超声2s，以此类推。Optionally, the probe ultrasound is non-continuous ultrasound, and the ultrasonic on/off time is selected to be 2/4 s, that is, ultrasonic for 2 s, then the ultrasonic probe is turned off for 4 s, the ultrasound is continued for 2 s, and so on.
可选地，所述水浴超声功率为300-380W。进一步可选地，所述水浴超声功率为360W。Optionally, the water bath has an ultrasonic power of 300-380 W. Further optionally, the water bath ultrasonic power is 360W.
可选地，所述水浴超声的时间为8h。Optionally, the time of the water bath ultrasound is 8 h.
可选地，所述水浴温度保持10℃。Optionally, the water bath temperature is maintained at 10 °C.
可选地，超声后，进行离心，所述离心的操作包括：首先采用0.5-6kg的离心力，离心20-35min，取上清液；然后将所述上清液采用10-15kg的离心力继续离心25-35min，得到沉淀即为二维碲纳米片。进一步可选地，首先采用2kg的离心力，离心30min，取上清液；然后将所述上清液采用12kg的离心力继续离心30min，得到沉淀，将所得沉淀干燥后即得二维碲纳米片。可选地，所述干燥的方式不限，例如可为真空干燥。Optionally, after the ultrasonication, performing centrifugation, the centrifuging operation comprises: firstly using a centrifugal force of 0.5-6 kg, centrifuging for 20-35 min, taking the supernatant; then, the supernatant is continuously centrifuged with a centrifugal force of 10-15 kg. At 25-35 min, a precipitate is obtained as a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet. Further optionally, firstly, using a centrifugal force of 2 kg, centrifuging for 30 min, the supernatant is taken; then the supernatant is centrifuged for 30 min with a centrifugal force of 12 kg to obtain a precipitate, and the obtained precipitate is dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet. Optionally, the manner of drying is not limited, and may be, for example, vacuum drying.
现有技术通常采用液相剥离法用来剥离二维层状材料。而本发明首次采用液相剥离法剥离二维非层状单质碲材料，并取得成功。The prior art generally employs a liquid phase lift-off method for stripping a two-dimensional layered material. For the first time, the present invention uses a liquid phase stripping method to strip two-dimensional non-layered elemental tantalum materials and succeeds.
本发明第二方面提供了一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，首次采用液相剥离的方法由非层状的碲原料制得二维碲纳米片，剥离效果良好，且可以实现大规模制备二维碲纳米片，成本较低，制备方法简单易操作。A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which is prepared by a liquid phase stripping method for a first time from a non-layered tantalum raw material to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, which has good peeling effect and can be mass-produced. The two-dimensional bismuth nanosheet has lower cost and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate.
本发明第三方面提供了一种如上述所述的二维碲纳米片在光探测器中的应用。A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a two-dimensional germanium nanosheet as described above in a photodetector.
由于本发明的二维碲纳米片具有良好光电探测性能，因此，可以很好地作为光电探测器。Since the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet of the present invention has good photodetection performance, it can be well used as a photodetector.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet comprises the following steps:
(1)将500mg的碲粉加入100ml的异丙醇中。然后选择探头超声240W，超声10h。选择超声开/关时间为2/4s，并且是在冰浴环境下进行超声。探头超声完后，接着采用水浴超声。水浴超声功率为360W。超声时间为8h。水浴温度保持10℃；(1) 500 mg of cerium powder was added to 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol. Then select the probe ultrasound 240W, ultrasound for 10h. The ultrasound on/off time was chosen to be 2/4 s and ultrasound was performed in an ice bath environment. After the probe is ultrasonicated, it is then ultrasonically probed in a water bath. The water bath ultrasonic power is 360W. The ultrasound time was 8 h. The bath temperature is maintained at 10 ° C;
(2)超声过后采用离心的办法得到需要的二维碲纳米片。首先采用2000g的离心力，离心30min。取上清液，然后将所述上清液采用12000g继续离心30min，得到沉淀，真空干燥后即得二维碲纳米片。(2) After ultrasonication, the required two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets are obtained by centrifugation. First, the centrifugal force of 2000g was used and centrifuged for 30 minutes. The supernatant was taken, and then the supernatant was centrifuged for 30 min at 12000 g to obtain a precipitate, which was vacuum dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
如图1所示，为二维金属单质碲纳米片的电镜形貌图。其尺寸小于100nm。图2显示的是原子力显微图片。由图可以看出，二维碲纳米片的厚度在4nm左右。因此通过透射电镜和原子力显微镜的观察，通过液相剥离法确实可以剥离 出二维单质碲纳米片。As shown in Fig. 1, it is an electron mirror topography of a two-dimensional metal elemental tantalum nanosheet. Its size is less than 100 nm. Figure 2 shows an atomic force micrograph. As can be seen from the figure, the thickness of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet is about 4 nm. Therefore, by observation by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, two-dimensional elemental germanium nanosheets can be peeled off by liquid phase stripping.
如图3所示，分别为异丙醇(IPA)中、水中、甲基吡咯烷酮和丙酮中剥离的相同浓度的二维碲纳米片的吸收光谱。很明显，异丙醇中剥离的二维碲纳米片的吸收光谱具有更高的吸收值和更大的斜率。这说明异丙醇中可以充分将比较大的碲颗粒剥离成尺寸较小的二维碲纳米片。As shown in Fig. 3, the absorption spectra of the same concentration of two-dimensional cerium nanosheets exfoliated in isopropyl alcohol (IPA), water, methylpyrrolidone and acetone, respectively. It is apparent that the absorption spectrum of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet exfoliated in isopropanol has a higher absorption value and a larger slope. This indicates that the relatively large ruthenium particles can be sufficiently stripped into two-dimensional ruthenium nanosheets of smaller size in isopropyl alcohol.
图4a为在第一次离心时不同离心力(转速)下，不同尺寸二维碲纳米片的吸收光谱图。图4b为不同转速下的碲纳米片的不同的带隙图。对应转速0.5-1kg，1-3kg和3-6kg的二维碲纳米片的尺寸分别为200nm左右，100nm左右和50nm左右。吸收光谱采用紫外-分光光度计测量。将不同尺寸的碲纳米片分散液装入石英比色皿中，放入紫外分光光度计卡槽中测量吸收度。根据不同尺寸下的碲纳米片的吸收度，进而计算得到其不同的带隙，如图4b所示。由图可知，对应转速0.5-1kg，1-3kg和3-6kg的碲纳米片的带隙分别为1.63eV，1.72eV和1.90eV。较大尺寸的二维碲纳米片的带隙较小，可以获得更长波长的响应。较小尺寸的二维碲纳米片，由于其具有更大的表面积，可以获得更高的光电探测信号。Figure 4a is an absorption spectrum of two-dimensional tantalum nanosheets of different sizes under different centrifugal forces (rotational speeds) during the first centrifugation. Figure 4b shows different bandgap plots for tantalum nanosheets at different speeds. The dimensions of the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheets corresponding to the rotational speeds of 0.5-1 kg, 1-3 kg, and 3-6 kg are about 200 nm, about 100 nm, and about 50 nm. The absorption spectrum was measured using an ultraviolet-spectrophotometer. Different sizes of cerium nanosheet dispersions were placed in a quartz cuvette and placed in an ultraviolet spectrophotometer card slot to measure absorbance. According to the absorption of the yttrium nanosheets of different sizes, different band gaps are calculated, as shown in Fig. 4b. As can be seen from the figure, the band gaps of the yttrium nanosheets corresponding to the rotational speeds of 0.5-1 kg, 1-3 kg and 3-6 kg were 1.63 eV, 1.72 eV and 1.90 eV, respectively. Larger size two-dimensional germanium nanosheets have smaller band gaps and can achieve longer wavelength response. Smaller size two-dimensional germanium nanosheets can achieve higher photodetection signals due to their larger surface area.
实施例2：Example 2:
一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet comprises the following steps:
(1)将500mg的碲粉加入100ml的异丙醇中。然后选择探头超声200W，超声15h。选择超声开/关时间为2/4s，并且是在冰浴环境下进行超声。探头超声完后，接着采用水浴超声。水浴超声功率为300W。超声时间为10h。水浴温度保持15℃；(1) 500 mg of cerium powder was added to 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol. Then select the probe ultrasound 200W, ultrasound for 15h. The ultrasound on/off time was chosen to be 2/4 s and ultrasound was performed in an ice bath environment. After the probe is ultrasonicated, it is then ultrasonically probed in a water bath. The water bath ultrasonic power is 300W. The ultrasound time was 10 h. The bath temperature is maintained at 15 ° C;
(2)超声过后采用离心的办法得到需要的二维碲纳米片。首先采用1800g 的离心力，离心35min。取上清液，然后将上清液采用15000g继续离心25min，得到沉淀，真空干燥后即得二维碲纳米片。(2) After ultrasonication, the required two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets are obtained by centrifugation. First, centrifugal force of 1800 g was used and centrifuged for 35 min. The supernatant was taken, and then the supernatant was centrifuged at 15000 g for 25 min to obtain a precipitate, which was vacuum dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
实施例3：Example 3:
一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet comprises the following steps:
(1)将500mg的碲块体加入100ml的异丙醇中。然后选择探头超声250W，超声8h。选择超声开/关时间为2/4s，并且是在冰浴环境下进行超声。探头超声完后，接着采用水浴超声。水浴超声功率为380W。超声时间为3h。水浴温度保持5℃；(1) 500 mg of a mash block was added to 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol. Then select the probe ultrasound 250W, ultrasound for 8h. The ultrasound on/off time was chosen to be 2/4 s and ultrasound was performed in an ice bath environment. After the probe is ultrasonicated, it is then ultrasonically probed in a water bath. The water bath ultrasonic power is 380W. The ultrasound time was 3 h. The bath temperature is maintained at 5 ° C;
(2)超声过后采用离心的办法得到需要的二维碲纳米片。首先采用2200g的离心力，离心20min。取上清液，然后将上清液采用10000g继续离心35min，得到沉淀，真空干燥后即得二维碲纳米片。(2) After ultrasonication, the required two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets are obtained by centrifugation. First, the centrifugal force of 2200 g was used and centrifuged for 20 min. The supernatant was taken, and then the supernatant was centrifuged for 35 min at 10000 g to obtain a precipitate, which was vacuum dried to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (20)

  1. 一种二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-50nm。A two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 1-50 nm.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-5nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of from 1 to 5 nm.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为5-10nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 5-10 nm.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为10-50nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 10 to 50 nm.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为3-5nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a thickness of 3-5 nm.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-200nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of from 10 to 200 nm.
  7. 如权利要求6所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为10-50nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 6, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 10 to 50 nm.
  8. 如权利要求6所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为50-100nm。The two-dimensional germanium nanosheet of claim 6, wherein the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 50-100 nm.
  9. 如权利要求6所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为100-200nm。The two-dimensional germanium nanosheet of claim 6, wherein the two-dimensional germanium nanosheet has a length to width dimension of from 100 to 200 nm.
  10. 如权利要求6所述的二维碲纳米片，其中，所述二维碲纳米片的长宽尺寸为30-40nm。The two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet of claim 6, wherein the two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet has a length to width dimension of 30-40 nm.
  11. 一种二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet, comprising the following steps:
    提供碲原料，采用液相剥离的方法对所述碲原料进行剥离，得到二维碲纳米片，所述二维碲纳米片的厚度为1-50nm。The tantalum raw material is provided, and the tantalum raw material is peeled off by a liquid phase stripping method to obtain a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet having a thickness of 1 to 50 nm.
  12. 如权利要求11所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述液相剥离的方法具体包括以下操作：The method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to claim 11, wherein the method of liquid phase stripping specifically comprises the following operations:
    将所述碲原料加入至溶剂中，在冰浴环境下采用探头超声8-15h；所述探头超声结束后，继续采用水浴超声，所述水浴超声时间为3-10h，所述水浴的温度保持5-15℃；超声后，进行离心和干燥得到二维碲纳米片。The bismuth raw material is added to the solvent, and the probe is ultrasonicated for 8-15 hours in an ice bath environment; after the ultrasonication of the probe is finished, the water bath ultrasonication is continued, and the ultrasonic bath time is 3-10 h, and the temperature of the water bath is maintained. 5-15 ° C; after ultrasonication, centrifugation and drying to obtain two-dimensional cerium nanosheets.
  13. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述探头超声的功率为200-250W。The method of preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic power of the probe is 200-250W.
  14. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述探头超声是非连续超声，选择超声开/关时间为2/4s。The method of preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the probe ultrasound is discontinuous ultrasound, and the ultrasonic on/off time is selected to be 2/4 s.
  15. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述水浴超声功率为300-380W。The method of preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the water bath ultrasonic power is 300-380 W.
  16. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述离心的操作包括：采用0.5-6kg的离心力，离心20-35min，取上清液，然后将所述上清液采用10-15kg继续离心25-35min，得到沉淀；所得沉淀干燥后即得所述二维碲纳米片。The method for preparing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the centrifuging operation comprises: using a centrifugal force of 0.5-6 kg, centrifuging for 20-35 minutes, taking the supernatant, and then adopting the supernatant 10-15 kg was continuously centrifuged for 25-35 min to obtain a precipitate; the obtained precipitate was dried to obtain the two-dimensional cerium nanosheet.
  17. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述溶剂包括异丙醇、乙醇、丙酮、水和甲基吡咯烷酮中的至少一种。The method of producing a two-dimensional cerium nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the solvent comprises at least one of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, water, and methylpyrrolidone.
  18. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述碲原料在所述溶剂中的浓度为1-7mg/mL。The method of producing a two-dimensional cerium nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the cerium raw material has a concentration in the solvent of from 1 to 7 mg/mL.
  19. 如权利要求12所述的二维碲纳米片的制备方法，其中，所述碲原料包括碲粉或碲块。The method of producing a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to claim 12, wherein the niobium raw material comprises tantalum powder or niobium.
  20. 一种如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的二维碲纳米片在光探测器中的应用。Use of a two-dimensional tantalum nanosheet according to any one of claims 1 to 10 in a photodetector.
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