WO2019136979A1 - 一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法 - Google Patents

一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法 Download PDF

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WO2019136979A1
WO2019136979A1 PCT/CN2018/099758 CN2018099758W WO2019136979A1 WO 2019136979 A1 WO2019136979 A1 WO 2019136979A1 CN 2018099758 W CN2018099758 W CN 2018099758W WO 2019136979 A1 WO2019136979 A1 WO 2019136979A1
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block
bad
block group
blocks
group
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黄中柱
李庭育
施朱美
蔡定国
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江苏华存电子科技有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C29/00Checking stores for correct operation ; Subsequent repair; Testing stores during standby or offline operation
    • G11C29/04Detection or location of defective memory elements, e.g. cell constructio details, timing of test signals

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  • the present invention relates to the field of storage technologies, and in particular, to a bad block management method for improving the available capacity of a storage device.
  • Flash memory is a long-lived non-volatile memory that retains stored data information in the event of a power outage. Data deletion is not in a single byte but in a fixed block. The block size is typically 256KB to 20MB. Flash memory is a variant of electronically erasable read-only memory (EEPROM). Unlike flash memory, EEPROM can be erased and rewritten at the byte level instead of the entire chip eraser, while most chips in flash require a block erase. except. Since it can still save data when it is powered off, flash memory is usually used to save setup information, such as saving data in the computer's BIOS (basic program), PDA (personal digital assistant), digital camera, etc.; flash memory is moving toward large capacity and low The development of power consumption and low cost.
  • BIOS basic program
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the flash memory has high read/write speed and low power consumption.
  • the flash hard disk that is, the SSD hard disk, has appeared on the market, and the cost performance of the hard disk is further improved.
  • flash memory With the improvement of manufacturing process and cost reduction, flash memory will appear more in daily life; flash memory is developing in the direction of large capacity, low power consumption and low cost.
  • the flash memory has high read/write speed and low power consumption.
  • the flash hard disk that is, the SSD hard disk, has appeared on the market, and the cost performance of the hard disk is further improved. As manufacturing processes increase and costs decrease, flash memory will appear more in everyday life.
  • the blocks in the flash are divided into several groups according to system requirements; the capacity of the flash storage system is determined by the blocks that can be used in the flash; if all the blocks in the flash are available blocks, The capacity used will be the largest; unfortunately, the flash may have bad blocks originally, or after a period of use, the number of write/erase times reaches an upper limit and bad blocks appear.
  • the block group contains bad blocks, According to the traditional method, this block group will be eliminated; when there are more bad blocks in the flash memory, the probability that the block group is eliminated is higher, thus affecting the available capacity of the entire storage device.
  • a bad block management method for improving the available capacity of a storage device including the following steps:
  • the architecture has n block groups, each block group has 4 blocks, block group 0 is a usable block, and block group 1 has a bad block;
  • the block group 1 in use can be replaced with the block group 2 in which the bad block exists; after the replacement, there are available blocks in the block group 1, and the bad block originally in the block group 1 is Replaced into block group 2; therefore block group 1 can continue to be used without being eliminated.
  • the method further comprises the following steps:
  • the block group can be stored in the bad block storage area.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the usable capacity of the flash storage system is related to the number of bad blocks, and when the number of bad blocks is increased, the usable capacity of the flash storage system is less; in the flash storage system
  • the flash memory is divided into several block groups according to the system requirements; for example, the flash memory in the flash memory device has a total of n blocks, and according to the system architecture, one block group contains four blocks, so the flash memory device has a total of n/4.
  • Block group when a bad block is detected in a partial block group, the block group replaces the bad block with the available block according to the replacement rule, thereby increasing the available capacity of the storage system.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of replacement of a block group according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of a block group of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution: a bad block management method for improving the available capacity of a storage device, including the following steps:
  • the architecture has n block groups, each block group has 4 blocks, block group 0 is a usable block, and block group 1 has a bad block;
  • the block group 1 in use can be replaced with the block group 2 in which the bad block exists. After the replacement, there are available blocks in the block group 1, and the bad blocks originally in the block group 1 are Replaced into block group 2; therefore block group 1 can continue to be used without being eliminated.
  • the block group can be stored in the bad block storage area.
  • FIG. 3 is a result of the bad block management method proposed by the present invention according to the example of FIG. 2.
  • the result of the prior art is that block group 1 is eliminated, and the remaining blocks in the block group cannot be reused.
  • the bad blocks in the block group 1 are exchanged with the available blocks in the block group 2, and the blocks included in the exchanged block group 1 become available blocks, so the block group 1 will not be required.
  • the usable capacity of a flash storage system is related to the number of bad blocks. When the number of bad blocks is increased, the available capacity of the flash storage system is smaller.
  • the flash is divided into several groups according to system requirements; for example, The flash memory in this flash storage device has a total of n blocks. According to the system architecture, one block group contains four blocks, so this flash storage device has a total of n/4 block groups; when some block groups are detected A bad block is generated, and the block group replaces the bad block with the available block according to the replacement rule, thereby increasing the available capacity of the storage system.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法,闪存存储系统的可使用容量与坏块数量有关,当坏块数量越来越多,闪存存储系统的可使用容量越少;闪存存储系统中,闪存根据系统需求分成好几个块群组;譬如,此闪存存储装置中的闪存总共有n个块,根据系统架构,一个块群组包含四个块,因此这个闪存存储装置总共有n/4个块群组;当部分块群组中侦测到有坏块产生,此块群组根据替换的规则把坏块与可用块作替换的动作,藉此提高存储系统的可用容量。

Description

一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及储存技术领域,具体为一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法。
背景技术
闪存是一种长寿命的非易失性(在断电情况下仍能保持所存储的数据信息)的存储器,数据删除不是以单个的字节为单位而是以固定的区块为单位,区块大小一般为256KB到20MB。闪存是电子可擦除只读存储器(EEPROM)的变种,闪存与EEPROM不同的是,EEPROM能在字节水平上进行删除和重写而不是整个芯片擦写,而闪存的大部分芯片需要块擦除。由于其断电时仍能保存数据,闪存通常被用来保存设置信息,如在电脑的BIOS(基本程序)、PDA(个人数字助理)、数码相机中保存资料等;闪存正朝大容量、低功耗、低成本的方向发展。与传统硬盘相比,闪存的读写速度高、功耗较低,市场上已经出现了闪存硬盘,也就是SSD硬盘,该硬盘的性价比进一步提升。随着制造工艺的提高、成本的降低,闪存将更多地出现在日常生活之中;闪存正朝大容量、低功耗、低成本的方向发展。与传统硬盘相比,闪存的读写速度高、功耗较低,市场上已经出现了闪存硬盘,也就是SSD硬盘,该硬盘的性价比进一步提升。随着制造工艺的提高、成本的降低,闪存将更多地出现在日常生活之中。
在闪存存储系统中,根据系统需求,把闪存内的块分成好几个块群组;闪存存储系统的容量依据闪存内可使用的块来决定;假如闪存 内所有的块都是可用块,这样可使用的容量将会最大;不幸的是,闪存可能原始就存在坏块,或是经过一段时间的使用,写入/抹除次数到达一个上限而出现坏块,当块群组中包含坏块,根据传统作法,此块群组将被淘汰不用;当闪存中坏块越多,块群组被淘汰的机率越高,因此影响整个存储装置的可用容量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法,包括以下步骤:
A、架构有n个块群组,每个块群组内有4个块,块群组0中都是可使用块,块群组1中有一个坏块;
B、首先会先确认是否有被淘汰的块群组存在暂存区,假如存在,根据替换的规则,可以把使用中的块群组与被淘汰的块群组作块的替换;
C、正在使用中的块群组1,可以跟存在坏块的块群组2作替换行为;替换之后,块群组1中都存在可使用块,原本在块群组1中的坏块被替换到块群组2之中;因此块群组1可以继续使用而不需被淘汰。
优选的,还包括以下步骤:
A、侦测此块群组中的坏块;
B、确认此块群组是否有坏块;
C、假如此块群组存在坏块,搜寻坏块存放区中的块群组;
D、确认坏块存放区中的块群组是否有可用块可以替换;
E、假如坏块存放区中内有可用块可被利用,把此块群组内的坏块与坏块存放区内的可用块作交换;
F、假如坏块存放区中内没有可用块可被利用,把此块群组存放在坏块存放区。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:闪存存储系统的可使用容量与坏块数量有关,当坏块数量越来越多,闪存存储系统的可使用容量越少;闪存存储系统中,闪存根据系统需求分成好几个块群组;譬如,此闪存存储装置中的闪存总共有n个块,根据系统架构,一个块群组包含四个块,因此这个闪存存储装置总共有n/4个块群组;当部分块群组中侦测到有坏块产生,此块群组根据替换的规则把坏块与可用块作替换的动作,藉此提高存储系统的可用容量。
附图说明
图1为本发明流程图;
图2为本发明块群组替换示意图;
图3为本发明块群组另一替换示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-3,本发明提供一种技术方案:一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法,包括以下步骤:
A、架构有n个块群组,每个块群组内有4个块,块群组0中都是可使用块,块群组1中有一个坏块;
B、首先会先确认是否有被淘汰的块群组存在暂存区,假如存在,根据替换的规则,可以把使用中的块群组与被淘汰的块群组作块的替换;
C、正在使用中的块群组1,可以跟存在坏块的块群组2作替换行为.替换之后,块群组1中都存在可使用块,原本在块群组1中的坏块被替换到块群组2之中;因此块群组1可以继续使用而不需被淘汰。
本发明中,还包括以下步骤:
A、侦测此块群组中的坏块;
B、确认此块群组是否有坏块;
C、假如此块群组存在坏块,搜寻坏块存放区中的块群组;
D、确认坏块存放区中的块群组是否有可用块可以替换;
E、假如坏块存放区中内有可用块可被利用,把此块群组内的坏块与坏块存放区内的可用块作交换;
F、假如坏块存放区中内没有可用块可被利用,把此块群组存放在坏块存放区。
图3是根据图2的例子,利用本发明提出的坏块管理方式所产生 的结果;之前技术的结果是块群组1被淘汰,块群组里面剩下的可用块无法被再利用.本发明提出的方法,块群组1中的坏块与块群组2中的可用块作交换,交换后的块群组1中包含的块都变成可用块,因此块群组1将不需要被淘汰,且块群组2中的可用块可以被再利用;以图3为例,旧有的方式与本专利提出的方式相比,旧有的方式淘汰了块群组1和块群组2,无法再次被利用的块有6个;本发明提出的方式只淘汰了块群组2,且在坏块存放区中剩下的可用块可以被拿来再使用;因此,闪存存储系统的可使用容量将大幅提升。
闪存存储系统的可使用容量与坏块数量有关,当坏块数量越来越多,闪存存储系统的可使用容量越少;闪存存储系统中,闪存根据系统需求分成好几个块群组;譬如,此闪存存储装置中的闪存总共有n个块,根据系统架构,一个块群组包含四个块,因此这个闪存存储装置总共有n/4个块群组;当部分块群组中侦测到有坏块产生,此块群组根据替换的规则把坏块与可用块作替换的动作,藉此提高存储系统的可用容量。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
    A、架构有n个块群组,每个块群组内有4个块,块群组0中都是可使用块,块群组1中有一个坏块;
    B、首先会先确认是否有被淘汰的块群组存在暂存区,假如存在,根据替换的规则,可以把使用中的块群组与被淘汰的块群组作块的替换;
    C、正在使用中的块群组1,可以跟存在坏块的块群组2作替换行为;替换之后,块群组1中都存在可使用块,原本在块群组1中的坏块被替换到块群组2之中;因此块群组1可以继续使用而不需被淘汰。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法,其特征在于:还包括以下步骤:
    A、侦测此块群组中的坏块;
    B、确认此块群组是否有坏块;
    C、假如此块群组存在坏块,搜寻坏块存放区中的块群组;
    D、确认坏块存放区中的块群组是否有可用块可以替换;
    E、假如坏块存放区中内有可用块可被利用,把此块群组内的坏块与坏块存放区内的可用块作交换;
    F、假如坏块存放区中内没有可用块可被利用,把此块群组存放在坏块存放区。
PCT/CN2018/099758 2018-01-12 2018-08-09 一种提升储存装置可用容量的坏块管理方法 WO2019136979A1 (zh)

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