WO2019133751A1 - Plateformes, systèmes et procédés de recharge continue de dispositifs à haute puissance par transmission de puissance sans fil - Google Patents

Plateformes, systèmes et procédés de recharge continue de dispositifs à haute puissance par transmission de puissance sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019133751A1
WO2019133751A1 PCT/US2018/067745 US2018067745W WO2019133751A1 WO 2019133751 A1 WO2019133751 A1 WO 2019133751A1 US 2018067745 W US2018067745 W US 2018067745W WO 2019133751 A1 WO2019133751 A1 WO 2019133751A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wavelength
hours
ghz
aerial vehicle
unmanned aerial
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PCT/US2018/067745
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English (en)
Inventor
Justin Taylor LEWIS-WEBER
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Empower Earth, Inc.
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Publication of WO2019133751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019133751A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment

Definitions

  • Wireless power transmission is the transmission of electrical energy without conductors through time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
  • Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative.
  • wireless energy transfer systems comprising: a vacuum tube device configured to produce a microwave energy; a waveguide configured to receive the microwave energy and wirelessly transmit an alternating current emission having a wavelength through air; and a rectenna configured to wirelessly receive the alternating current emission and convert the alternating current emission to a direct current.
  • the system has an end-to-end efficiency is greater than about 5 %. In various embodiments, the system has an end-to-end efficiency is greater than about 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 12 %, 14 %, 16 %, 18 %, 20 %, or more, including increments therein. In some embodiments, the system has an end-to-end efficiency is greater than about 5% at an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 .
  • the system has an end-to-end efficiency is greater than about 5% at an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 , 125 W/m 2 , 150 W/m 2 , 175 W/m 2 , 200 W/m 2 , or more.
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50%.
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 65 %, 70 %, 75 %, or more, including increments therein.
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50% in an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 .
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50% in an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 , 125 W/m 2 , 150 W/m 2 , 175 W/m 2 , 200 W/m 2 , or more, including increments therein.
  • the vacuum tube device comprises a magnetron, a gyrotron, a klystron, or any combination thereof.
  • the microwave energy has a frequency of about 0.0006 terahertz (THz) to about 1,500 THz. In some embodiments, the microwave energy has a frequency of at least about 0.0006 THz. In some embodiments, the microwave energy has a frequency of at most about 1,500 THz.
  • THz terahertz
  • the microwave energy has a frequency of about 0.0006 THz to about 0.001 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 0.005 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 0.01 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 0.05 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 0.1 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 1 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 5 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 50 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 100 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 500 THz, about 0.0006 THz to about 1,500 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 0.005 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 0.01 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 0.05 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 0.1 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 1 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 5 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 50 THz, about 0.001 THz to about 100 THz, about
  • the microwave energy has a frequency of about 0.0006 THz, about 0.001 THz, about 0.005 THz, about 0.01 THz, about 0.05 THz, about 0.1 THz, about 1 THz, about 5 THz, about 50 THz, about 100 THz, about 500 THz, or about 1,500 THz.
  • the microwave energy has a power of about 0.00025 megawatts (MW) to about 100 MW. In some embodiments, the microwave energy has a power of at least about 0.00025 MW. In some embodiments, the microwave energy has a power of at most about 100 MW.
  • the microwave energy has a power of about 0.00025 MW to about 0.0005 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 0.001 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 0.005 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 0.01 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 0.05 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 0.1 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 0.5 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 1 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 5 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 100 MW, about 0.00025 MW to about 100 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.001 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.005 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.01 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.05 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.1 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.5 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 1 MW, about 0.0005 MW to about 0.01 MW
  • the microwave energy has a power of about 0.00025 MW, about 0.0005 MW, about 0.001 MW, about 0.005 MW, about 0.01 MW, about 0.05 MW, about 0.1 MW, about 0.5 MW, about 1 MW, about 5 MW, about 100 MW, or about 100 MW.
  • the vacuum tube device is configured to receive power input at a voltage of about 120 volts (V) to about 500 V. In some embodiments, the vacuum tube device is configured to receive power input at a voltage of at least about 120 V. In some embodiments, the vacuum tube device is configured to receive power input at a voltage of at most about 500 V.
  • the vacuum tube device is configured to receive power input at a voltage of about 120 V to about 140 V, about 120 V to about 180 V, about 120 V to about 200 V, about 120 V to about 220 V, about 120 V to about 250 V, about 120 V to about 300 V, about 120 V to about 350 V, about 120 V to about 400 V, about 120 V to about 450 V, about 120 V to about 500 V, about 140 V to about 180 V, about 140 V to about 200 V, about 140 V to about 220 V, about 140 V to about 250 V, about 140 V to about 300 V, about 140 V to about 350 V, about 140 V to about 400 V, about 140 V to about 450 V, about 140 V to about 500 V, about 180 V to about 200 V, about 180 V to about 220 V, about 180 V to about 250 V, about 180 V to about 300 V, about 180 V to about 350 V, about 180 V to about 400 V, about 180 V to about 450 V, about 140 V to about 500 V, about 180 V to about 200 V, about 180 V to about 220 V,
  • the vacuum tube device is configured to receive power input at a voltage of about 120 V, about 140 V, about 180 V, about 200 V, about 220 V, about 250 V, about 300 V, about 350 V, about 400 V, about 450 V, or about 500 V.
  • the waveguide is a directional waveguide. In some embodiments, the waveguide is a parabolic waveguide. In some embodiments, the waveguide comprises an array of waveguides. In some embodiments, the waveguide comprises a top plate, a channel, a feed tube, a mount, and a slotted plate. In some embodiments, the top plate is attached to one or more of the channels, wherein each channel is attached to the feed tube, and wherein the feed tube is attached to the mount. In some embodiments, the top plate and the channels comprise a plurality of aligned slots. In some embodiments, the aligned slots are arranged in two or more staggered columns of slots.
  • the aspect ratio of the aligned slots is about 6: 1 to about 24: 1. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the aligned slots is at least about 6: 1. In some embodiments,
  • the aspect ratio of the aligned slots is at most about 24: 1.
  • the aspect ratio of the aligned slots is about 6: 1 to about 8: 1, about 6: 1 to about 10: 1, about 6: 1 to about 12:1, about 6:1 to about 14:1, about 6:1 to about 16:1, about 6:1 to about 18:1, about 6: 1 to about 20: 1, about 6: 1 to about 22: 1, about 6: 1 to about 24: 1, about 8: 1 to about 10:1, about 8:1 to about 12:1, about 8:1 to about 14:1, about 8:1 to about 16:1, about 8:1 to about 18:1, about 8:1 to about 20: 1, about 8:1 to about 22: 1, about 8:1 to about 24: 1, about 10: 1 to about 12:1, about 10:1 to about 14:1, about 10:1 to about 16:1, about 10:1 to about 18:1, about 10:1 to about 20:1, about 8:1 to about 22:1, about 8:1 to about 24: 1, about 10: 1 to about 12:1, about
  • a length of the slot is about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.6 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, a length of the slot is at least about 0.1 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, a length of the slot is at most about 0.6 times the
  • a length of the slot is about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.33 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.55 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.6 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.33 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.15
  • a length of the slot is about 0.1 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.33 times the wavelength, about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.55 times the wavelength, or about 0.6 times the wavelength.
  • a width of the slot is about 0.01 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, a width of the slot is at least about 0.01 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, a width of the slot is at most about 0.16 times the wavelength.
  • a width of the slot is about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.06 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.08 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.14 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.08 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.14 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.14 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the
  • the columns of slots are separated by a distance of about 0.01 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, the columns of slots are separated by a distance of at least about 0.01 times the wavelength. In some
  • the columns of slots are separated by a distance of at most about 0.16 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, the columns of slots are separated by a distance of about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.06 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.08 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.14 times the wavelength, about 0.04 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.08 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.14 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength to about 0.14 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength to about 0.16 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the
  • the columns of slots are separated by a distance of about 0.04 times the wavelength, about 0.06 times the wavelength, about 0.08 times the wavelength, about 0.01 times the wavelength, about 0.012 times the wavelength, about 0.14 times the wavelength, or about 0.16 times the wavelength.
  • the slots in each column are separated by a distance of about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, the slots in each column are separated by a distance of at least about 0.1 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, the slots in each column are separated by a distance of at most about 0.5 times the wavelength.
  • the slots in each column are separated by a distance of about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times
  • the slots in each column are separated by a distance of about 0.1 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.45 times the wavelength, or about 0.5 times the wavelength.
  • the rectenna comprises a T-bar antenna.
  • the T-bar antenna comprises an array of T-bar antennas.
  • the array of T- bar antennas comprises a columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas. In some embodiments, each column of the columnar array is connected in parallel. In some embodiments, each column of the columnar array is connected in series.
  • each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each column of the columnar array of staggered T- bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to at least about 0.1 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to at most about 0.5 times the wavelength.
  • each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times
  • each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to about 0.1 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.45 times the wavelength, or about 0.5 times the wavelength.
  • each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 1 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to at least about 0.25 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to at most about 1 times the wavelength.
  • each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.55 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.6 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.65 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.75 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.85 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 1 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.55 times the wavelength
  • each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.55 times the wavelength, about 0.6 times the wavelength, about 0.65 times the wavelength, about 0.75 times the wavelength, about 0.85 times the wavelength, or about 1 times the wavelength.
  • the rectenna comprises an insulator having a first face and an opposing second face, wherein one or more portions of the first face are covered by a first conductive layer and wherein one or more portions of the second face are covered by a second conductive layer.
  • the rectenna further comprises a diode, a capacitor, or any combination thereof.
  • the rectenna comprises an insulator having a first face and an opposing second face, wherein one or more portions of the first face are covered by a first conductive layer and wherein one or more portions of the second face are covered by a second conductive layer.
  • the rectenna further comprises a diode, a capacitor, or any combination thereof.
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer comprise a conductive metal.
  • the conductive metal comprises aluminum, gallium, lead, tin, silver, copper, gold, zinc, nickel, brass, bronze, iron, platinum, steel, stainless steel, or any combination thereof.
  • the alternating current emission has a frequency of about 0.6 GHz to about 600 GHz. In some embodiments, the alternating current emission has a frequency of at least about 0.6 GHz. In some embodiments, the alternating current emission has a frequency of at most about 600 GHz.
  • the alternating current emission has a frequency of about 0.6 GHz to about 1 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 5.8 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 250 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 500 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 600 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 5.8 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 250 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 500 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 600 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 250 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 500 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 600 GHz, about 10.8 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about
  • the alternating current emission has a frequency of about 0.6 GHz, about 1 GHz, about 5.8 GHz, about 10 GHz, about 50 GHz, about 100 GHz, about 250 GHz, about 500 GHz, or about 600 GHz, including increments therein.
  • the direct current emission has a power of about 75 MW to about 300 MW. In some embodiments, the direct current emission has a power of at least about 75 MW. In some embodiments, the direct current emission has a power of at most about 300 MW.
  • the direct current emission has a power of about 75 MW to about 100 MW, about 75 MW to about 125 MW, about 75 MW to about 150 MW, about 75 MW to about 175 MW, about 75 MW to about 200 MW, about 75 MW to about 225 MW, about 75 MW to about 250 MW, about 75 MW to about 275 MW, about 75 MW to about 300 MW, about 100 MW to about 125 MW, about 100 MW to about 150 MW, about 100 MW to about 175 MW, about 100 MW to about 200 MW, about 100 MW to about 225 MW, about 100 MW to about 250 MW, about 100 MW to about 275 MW, about 100 MW to about 300 MW, about 125 MW to about 150 MW, about 125 MW to about 175 MW, about 125 MW to about 200 MW, about 125 MW to about 225 MW, about 125 MW to about 250 MW, about 100 MW to about 275 MW
  • the direct current emission has a power of about 75 MW, about 100 MW, about 125 MW, about 150 MW, about 175 MW, about 200 MW, about 225 MW, about 250 MW, about 275 MW, or about 300 MW, including increments therein.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously for about 1 hour to about 120 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously for at least about 1 hour. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously for at most about 120 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate
  • the system is configured to operate continuously for about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 15 hours, about 20 hours, about 25 hours, about 30 hours, about 35 hours, about 40 hours, about 80 hours, or about 120 hours, including increments therein.
  • a wireless energy transfer system comprising: a solid- state phased array configured to wirelessly transmit an alternating current emission having a wavelength through air; and a rectenna configured to wirelessly receive the alternating current emission and convert the alternating current emission to a direct current.
  • the system has an end-to-end efficiency is greater than about 5 %. In various embodiments, the system has an end-to-end efficiency greater than about 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 12 %, 14 %, 16 %, 18 %, 20 %, or more, including increments therein. In some embodiments, the system has an end-to-end efficiency greater than about 5% at an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 .
  • the system has an end-to-end efficiency greater than about 5% at an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 , 125 W/m 2 , 150 W/m 2 , 175 W/m 2 , 200 W/m 2 , or more, including increments therein.
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50%.
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 65 %, 70 %, 75 %, or more, including increments therein.
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50% in an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 .
  • the system has a rectification efficiency of at least about 50% in an energy flux is greater than about 100 W/m 2 , 125 W/m 2 , 150 W/m 2 , 175 W/m 2 , 200 W/m 2 , or more, including increments therein.
  • each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each column of the columnar array of staggered T- bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to at least about 0.1 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to at most about 0.5 times the wavelength.
  • each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.1 times the wavelength to about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times
  • each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a column separation distance equal to about 0.1 times the wavelength, about 0.15 times the wavelength, about 0.2 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.45 times the wavelength, or about 0.5 times the wavelength.
  • each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 1 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to at least about 0.25 times the wavelength. In some embodiments, each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to at most about 1 times the wavelength.
  • each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.55 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.6 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.65 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.75 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 0.85 times the wavelength, about 0.25 times the wavelength to about 1 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength to about 0.55 times the wavelength
  • each T-bar antenna of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas is separated by a vertical separation distance equal to about 0.25 times the wavelength, about 0.3 times the wavelength, about 0.35 times the wavelength, about 0.4 times the wavelength, about 0.45 times the wavelength, about 0.5 times the wavelength, about 0.55 times the wavelength, about 0.6 times the wavelength, about 0.65 times the wavelength, about 0.75 times the wavelength, about 0.85 times the wavelength, or about 1 times the wavelength.
  • the rectenna comprises an insulator having a first face and an opposing second face, wherein one or more portions of the first face are covered by a first conductive layer and wherein one or more portions of the second face are covered by a second conductive layer.
  • the rectenna further comprises a diode, a capacitor, or any combination thereof.
  • the rectenna comprises an insulator having a first face and an opposing second face, wherein one or more portions of the first face are covered by a first conductive layer and wherein one or more portions of the second face are covered by a second conductive layer.
  • the rectenna further comprises a diode, a capacitor, or any combination thereof.
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer comprise a conductive metal.
  • the conductive metal comprises aluminum, gallium, lead, tin, silver, copper, gold, zinc, nickel, brass, bronze, iron, platinum, steel, stainless steel, or any combination thereof.
  • the alternating current emission has a frequency of about 0.6 GHz to about 600 GHz. In some embodiments, the alternating current emission has a frequency of at least about 0.6 GHz. In some embodiments, the alternating current emission has a frequency of at most about 600 GHz.
  • the alternating current emission has a frequency of about 0.6 GHz to about 1 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 5.8 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 250 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 500 GHz, about 0.6 GHz to about 600 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 5.8 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 250 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 500 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 600 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 250 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 500 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 600 GHz, about 10.8 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about
  • the alternating current emission has a frequency of about 0.6 GHz, about 1 GHz, about 5.8 GHz, about 10 GHz, about 50 GHz, about 100 GHz, about 250 GHz, about 500 GHz, or about 600 GHz, including increments therein.
  • the direct current emission has a power of about 75 MW to about 300 MW. In some embodiments, the direct current emission has a power of at least about 75 MW. In some embodiments, the direct current emission has a power of at most about 300 MW.
  • the direct current emission has a power of about 75 MW to about 100 MW, about 75 MW to about 125 MW, about 75 MW to about 150 MW, about 75 MW to about 175 MW, about 75 MW to about 200 MW, about 75 MW to about 225 MW, about 75 MW to about 250 MW, about 75 MW to about 275 MW, about 75 MW to about 300 MW, about 100 MW to about 125 MW, about 100 MW to about 150 MW, about 100 MW to about 175 MW, about 100 MW to about 200 MW, about 100 MW to about 225 MW, about 100 MW to about 250 MW, about 100 MW to about 275 MW, about 100 MW to about 300 MW, about 125 MW to about 150 MW, about 125 MW to about 175 MW, about 125 MW to about 200 MW, about 125 MW to about 225 MW, about 125 MW to about 250 MW, about 100 MW to about 275 MW
  • the direct current emission has a power of about 75 MW, about 100 MW, about 125 MW, about 150 MW, about 175 MW, about 200 MW, about 225 MW, about 250 MW, about 275 MW, or about 300 MW, including increments therein.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously for about 1 hour to about 120 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously for at least about 1 hour. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously for at most about 120 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate
  • the system is configured to operate continuously for about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 15 hours, about 20 hours, about 25 hours, about 30 hours, about 35 hours, about 40 hours, about 80 hours, or about 120 hours, including increments therein.
  • a continuous data gathering system comprising: a waveguide; a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field; and an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising: a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power; and a sensor; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts data gathering continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the rectenna comprises a vacuum tube diode, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, or a silicon-based semiconductor to rectify the wirelessly transmitted power.
  • the data gathering comprises surveillance.
  • the sensor comprises a surveillance sensor.
  • the waveguide receives power input at standard 120V and 60Hz.
  • the waveguide provides power output to the rectenna at about 5.8GHz.
  • the antenna is a directional antenna.
  • the antenna comprises a parabolic dish antenna.
  • the antenna comprises an antenna array.
  • the radio frequency power transmission field comprises microwaves.
  • the microwaves have a frequency of about 1 GHz to about 100 GHz. In some embodiments the microwaves have a frequency of at least about 1 GHz. In some embodiments the microwaves have a frequency of at most about 100 GHz. In some
  • the microwaves have a frequency of about 1 GHz to about 2 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 5.8 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 23 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 30 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 40 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 60 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 70 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 80 GHz, about 1 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 5.8 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 23 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 30 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 40 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 50 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 60 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 70 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 80 GHz, about 2 GHz to about 100 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 23 GHz, about 5.8 GHz to about 10 GHz, about
  • the microwaves have a frequency of about 1 GHz, about 2 GHz, about 5.8 GHz, about 10 GHz, about 23 GHz, about 30 GHz, about 40 GHz, about 50 GHz, about 60 GHz, about 70 GHz, about 80 GHz, or about 100 GHz, including increments therein.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a rotary wing drone. In some embodiments the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a helicopter. In some embodiments the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a multicopter. In some embodiments the multicopter comprises a co-axial copter, a tricopter, a quadcopter, a hexacopter, an octocopter, or a decacopter. In some embodiments the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a tilt wing drone. In some embodiments the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a fixed wing drone. In various embodiments the rectenna rectifies the wirelessly transmitted power to DC at about 75 W, 100 W, 125 W, 150W, 200 W, 250 W, or 300 W, including increments therein.
  • the surveillance sensor comprises a camera.
  • the camera comprises a video camera.
  • the camera comprises an infrared camera.
  • the number of sensors on the unmanned aerial vehicle is about 2 to about 40. In some embodiments the number of sensors on the unmanned aerial vehicle is at least about 2. In some embodiments the number of sensors on the unmanned aerial vehicle is at most about 40.
  • the number of sensors on the unmanned aerial vehicle is about 2 to about 3, about 2 to about 4, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 7, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 9, about 2 to about 10, about 2 to about 20, about 2 to about 30, about 2 to about 40, about 3 to about 4, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 9, about 3 to about 10, about 3 to about 20, about 3 to about 30, about 3 to about 40, about 4 to about 5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 7, about 4 to about 8, about 4 to about 9, about 4 to about 10, about 4 to about 20, about 4 to about 30, about 4 to about 40, about 5 to about 6, about 5 to about 7, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 9, about 5 to about 10, about 5 to about 20, about 5 to about 30, about 5 to about 40, about 6 to about 7, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 9, about 6 to about 10, about 6 to about 20, about 6 to about 30, about 6 to about 40, about 7 to about 8, about 7 to about 9, about 2 to
  • the senor comprises a chemical sensor or a radiation sensor.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by at least 50 feet or at least 100 feet. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by about 25 feet to about 150 feet. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by at least about 25 feet. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by at most about 150 feet.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by about 25 feet to about 35 feet, about 25 feet to about 45 feet, about 25 feet to about 55 feet, about 25 feet to about 65 feet, about 25 feet to about 75 feet, about 25 feet to about 85 feet, about 25 feet to about 100 feet, about 25 feet to about 125 feet, about 25 feet to about 150 feet, about 35 feet to about 45 feet, about 35 feet to about 55 feet, about 35 feet to about 65 feet, about 35 feet to about 75 feet, about 35 feet to about 85 feet, about 35 feet to about 100 feet, about 35 feet to about 125 feet, about 35 feet to about 150 feet, about 45 feet to about 55 feet, about 45 feet to about 65 feet, about 45 feet to about 75 feet, about 45 feet to about 85 feet, about 45 feet to about 100 feet, about 45 feet to about 125 feet, about 45 feet to about 150 feet, about 55 feet to about 65 feet, about 45 feet to about 75 feet, about 45 feet to about 85 feet, about 45 feet to about 100 feet, about
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by about 25 feet, about 35 feet, about 45 feet, about 55 feet, about 65 feet, about 75 feet, about 85 feet, about 100 feet, about 125 feet, or about 150 feet, including increments therein.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at least 48 hours, at least 72 hours, or at least 96 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 10 hours to about 118 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at least about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at most about 118 hours.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 10 hours to about 24 hours, about 10 hours to about 30 hours, about 10 hours to about 36 hours, about 10 hours to about 42 hours, about 10 hours to about 48 hours, about 10 hours to about 54 hours, about 10 hours to about 60 hours, about 10 hours to about 64 hours, about 10 hours to about 72 hours, about 10 hours to about 96 hours, about 10 hours to about 118 hours, about 24 hours to about 30 hours, about 24 hours to about 36 hours, about 24 hours to about 42 hours, about 24 hours to about 48 hours, about 24 hours to about 54 hours, about 24 hours to about 60 hours, about 24 hours to about 64 hours, about 24 hours to about 72 hours, about 24 hours to about 96 hours, about 24 hours to about 118 hours, about 30 hours to about 36 hours, about 30 hours to about 42 hours, about 30 hours to about 48 hours, about 30 hours to about 54 hours, about 30 hours to about 60 hours, about 30 hours to about 64 hours, about 24 hours to about 72 hours, about 24 hours to about 96
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 10 hours, about 24 hours, about 30 hours, about 36 hours, about 42 hours, about 48 hours, about 54 hours, about 60 hours, about 64 hours, about 72 hours, about 96 hours, or about 118 hours, including increments therein.
  • the primary source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the sole source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • a second aspect provide herein is a continuous surveillance platform comprising: a terrestrial wireless power transmission station comprising a waveguide and a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field; and an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power and a surveillance sensor; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the rectenna comprises a vacuum tube diode, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, or a silicon-based semiconductor to rectify the wirelessly transmitted power.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 6 hours to about 60 hours. In some embodiments, the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at least about 6 hours. In some embodiments,
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at most about 60 hours.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 6 hours to about 12 hours, about 6 hours to about 18 hours, about 6 hours to about 24 hours, about 6 hours to about 30 hours, about 6 hours to about 36 hours, about 6 hours to about 42 hours, about 6 hours to about 48 hours, about 6 hours to about 54 hours, about 6 hours to about 60 hours, about 12 hours to about 18 hours, about 12 hours to about 24 hours, about 12 hours to about 30 hours, about 12 hours to about 36 hours, about 12 hours to about 42 hours, about 12 hours to about 48 hours, about 12 hours to about 54 hours, about 12 hours to about 60 hours, about 18 hours to about 24 hours, about 18 hours to about 30 hours, about 18 hours to about 36 hours, about 18 hours to about 42 hours, about 18 hours to about 48 hours, about 18 hours to about 54 hours, about 18 hours to about 60 hours, about 18 hours to about 24 hours, about 18 hours to about 30 hours,
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 6 hours, about 12 hours, about 18 hours, about 24 hours, about 30 hours, about 36 hours, about 42 hours, about 48 hours, about 54 hours, or about 60 hours, including increments therein.
  • a third aspect provided herein is a continuous telecommunications system comprising: a waveguide; a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field; and an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising: a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power and a wireless telecommunications element; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle is available to conduct telecommunications continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the rectenna comprises a vacuum tube diode, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, or a silicon-based semiconductor to rectify the wirelessly transmitted power.
  • the waveguide receives power input at standard 120V and 60Hz. In some embodiments, the waveguide provides power output to the rectenna at 5.8GHz. In some embodiments, the antenna is a directional antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna comprises a parabolic dish antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna comprises an antenna array. In some embodiments, the radio frequency power transmission field comprises microwaves.
  • the microwaves have a frequency of lGHz to lOOGHz. In some embodiments, e microwaves have a frequency of 2.45GHz to l2GHz. In some embodiments, the microwaves have a frequency of about 5.8GHz.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a rotary wing drone. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a helicopter. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a multicopter. In some embodiments, the multicopter comprises a co-axial copter, a tricopter, a quadcopter, a hexacopter, an octocopter, or a decacopter. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a tilt wing drone. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a fixed wing drone.
  • the rectenna rectifies the wirelessly transmitted power to DC at about 75 W, 100 W, 125 W, 150W, 200 W, 250 W, or 300 W, including increments therein.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data receiver.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data relay. In some embodiments, the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data transmitter.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 wireless telecommunications elements.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by at least 50 feet or at least 100 feet.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts telecommunications continuously for at least 48 hours, at least 72 hours, or at least 96 hours.
  • the primary source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the sole source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle further comprises a rechargeable power store directly or indirectly connected to the rectenna and wherein the primary source of power for charging the rechargeable power store is the waveguide.
  • the sole source of power for charging the rechargeable power store is the waveguide.
  • a fourth aspect provided herein is a continuous telecommunications platform
  • a terrestrial wireless power transmission station comprising a waveguide and a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power and a wireless telecommunications element comprising a data receiver, a data relay, a data transmitter, or a combination thereof; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle is available to conduct telecommunications continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of an exemplary wireless power transfer system, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 2 shows a top perspective view of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 3 shows a top transparent perspective view of an exemplary, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 4 shows a bottom perspective view of an exemplary waveguide, per an
  • FIG. 5 shows a top view of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 6 shows a bottom view of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 7 shows an exploded bottom view of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 9 shows a front view of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 10 shows a detailed view of a channel of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 11 shows a detailed view of a silted slot of an exemplary waveguide, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 12 shows an illustration of an exemplary rectenna, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 13 shows an image of an exemplary rectenna, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 14 shows a detailed image of the diodes of an exemplary rectenna, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 15 shows an image of a wirelessly powered rectenna, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 16 shows a non-limiting illustration of a continuous data gathering system, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 17 shows a non-limiting first illustration of the use of the wireless power transfer system with an aerial vehicle, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 18 shows a non-limiting second illustration of the use of the wireless power transfer system with an aerial vehicle, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 19 shows a non-limiting illustration of an interface of a terrestrial wireless power transmission station, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 20 a non-limiting illustration of the use of the wireless power transfer system with a land vehicle, per an embodiment herein;
  • FIG. 21 shows a non-limiting example of a digital processing device; in this case, a device with one or more CPUs, a memory, a communication interface, and a display, per an embodiment herein.
  • Wireless energy transfer provides many known benefits over direct energy transfer and battery systems.
  • the use of direct energy transfer, including wired connection and energized tracks, is limited to stationary or confined electrical devices, and battery operated systems require periodic charging interruptions.
  • wireless systems which are not bound by wires, specific tracks, or recharging delays enable continuous operation constrained only by the number and charge radius of a wireless energy transmitter.
  • the range, power, and efficiency of currently available wireless energy transfer devices prevent widespread for devices such as aerial vehicles and construction equipment.
  • some unmanned aerial vehicle systems employ a charging station where the unmanned aerial vehicle can land to recharge when its stored power is below a certain threshold, or a tether between a power source and the unmanned aerial vehicle to enable longer airborne periods of operation.
  • a charging station where the unmanned aerial vehicle can land to recharge when its stored power is below a certain threshold, or a tether between a power source and the unmanned aerial vehicle to enable longer airborne periods of operation.
  • a tether between a power source and the unmanned aerial vehicle
  • a wireless energy transfer system 100 comprising a vacuum tube device 103, a waveguide 101, and a rectenna 102.
  • the wireless energy transfer system 100 may wirelessly transmit energy wherein the vacuum tube device 103 produces microwave energy, wherein the waveguide 101 receives the microwave energy and wirelessly transmits an alternating current emission having a wavelength (lambda) through air, and wherein the rectenna 102 wirelessly receives the alternating current emission and converts the alternating current emission to a direct current.
  • the waveguide 101 may wirelessly transmits an alternating current emission through a fluid, a solid, a liquid, or a vacuum.
  • the waveguide 101 receives power from an external power source comprising a vacuum tube device 103, a power outlet, a generator, an energy storage device, an energy harvesting device, or any combination thereof.
  • the waveguide 101 receives power input at standard 120V and 60Hz.
  • the waveguide 101 receives an AC power input.
  • the waveguide 101 receives a DC power input.
  • the waveguide 101 converts the power received from the external power source a frequency that can be used by the rectenna 102.
  • the waveguide 101 provides power output to the rectenna 102 at 5.8GHz.
  • the waveguide 101 provides DC power to the rectenna 102.
  • the waveguide 101 provides AC power to the rectenna 102. In some embodiments, the waveguide 101 and the rectenna 102 are separate and distinct. In some embodiments, the waveguide 101 and the rectenna 102 are combined and unified. In some embodiments, if the power source outputs power with a voltage and frequency that can be used by the rectenna 102, a waveguide 101 is not required.
  • the wireless energy transfer system 100 may have an end-to-end efficiency of greater than about 5 %.
  • the end-to-end efficiency may be measured as a ratio between the power of the microwave energy and the power of the direct current.
  • the wireless energy transfer system 100 may have an end-to-end efficiency of greater than about 5 % at an energy flux of greater than about 100 W/m 2 .
  • the wireless energy transfer system 100 may have a rectification efficiency of at least about 50%.
  • the wireless energy transfer system 100 may have a rectification efficiency of at least about 50% at an energy flux of greater than about 100 W/m 2 .
  • the wireless energy transfer system 100 may comprise a solid-state phased array configured to wirelessly transmit an alternating current emission having a wavelength through air; and a rectenna 102 configured to wirelessly receive the alternating current emission and convert the alternating current emission to a direct current.
  • Vacuum Tube Device configured to wirelessly transmit an alternating current emission having a wavelength through air; and a rectenna 102 configured to wirelessly receive the alternating current emission and convert the alternating current emission to a direct current.
  • the vacuum tube device may be configured to produce microwave energy.
  • the vacuum device may comprise a magnetron, a gyrotron, a klystron, or any combination thereof.
  • a magnetron is a vacuum tube device that generates electromagnetic waves with a frequency of about 600 megahertz to 30,000 megahertz and a power of up to about 2.5 megawatts.
  • the magnetron may comprise a pulsed magnetron or a continuous operation magnetron.
  • the magnetron may be water cooled.
  • a gyrotron is a vacuum tube device that generates
  • the gyrotron may comprise a pulsed gyrotron or a continuous operation gyrotron.
  • the magnetron may be water cooled.
  • a kylstron is a vacuum tube device that generates millimeter-wave electromagnetic waves with a frequency of about 100 megahertz to about 1500 terahertz and a power of up to about 100 megawatts.
  • the kylstron may comprise a pulsed kylstron or a continuous operation kylstron. In one example the frequency of the microwave energy is 2.45 GHz.
  • the magnetron may be water cooled.
  • the waveguide 101 may comprise a top plate 510, a channel 610, a feed tube 620, a mount 630, and a slotted plate 710.
  • the waveguide may comprise one top plate 510, twelve channels 610, one feed tube 620, one mount 630, and twelve slotted plates 710.
  • waveguide 101 may comprise one or more top plates 510, two or more channels 610, one or more feed tubes 620, one or more mounts 630, and two or more slotted plates 710.
  • the top plate 510 may be attached to one or more of the channels 610. Each channel may be attached to the feed tube 620.
  • the feed tube may be attached to the mount 630.
  • the mount 630 may be configured to connect the waveguide 101 to the vacuum tube device.
  • the top plate 510 may comprise a plurality of top plate slots 511.
  • the plurality of top plate slots 511 may be offset in two or more staggered columns.
  • Each top plate slot 511 may be parallel to a channel 610.
  • Each top plate slot 511 may be perpendicular to the feed tube 620.
  • the top plate may comprise twelve slots 511 for each associated channel 610.
  • the top plate may comprise 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180, 192, 204, 216, 228, 240 or more slots 511.
  • the slotted plate 710 may be within the feed tube 620.
  • the slotted plate 710 may be constrained to rotate about a single axis that is normal to the top plate 510.
  • the slotted plate 710 and the feed tube 620 may be configured to removably lock the slotted plate 710 at a set rotational angle with respect to the feed tube 620.
  • the set rotational angle may be made equivalent for each of the two or more the slotted plates 710.
  • the set rotational angle may be made different for two or more the slotted plates 710.
  • the set rotational angle may be about 45 degrees.
  • the set rotational angle may be about 10 degrees to about 80 degrees.
  • the set rotational angle may be at least about 10 degrees.
  • the set rotational angle may be at most about 80 degrees.
  • the set rotational angle may enable impedance matching between the two microwave cavities.
  • the slotted plate 710 and the feed tube 620 comprise a single component.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the feed tube 620 may be capped and sealed on each end.
  • the waveguide 101 may comprise a channel cap 901to seal each end of the two or more channels.
  • each slot in the top plate 510 may align with a channel slot 1000 within each channel 610.
  • each channel 610 may comprise twelve channel slots 1000.
  • each channel 610 may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or more channel slots 1000.
  • the plurality of channel slots 1000 may be arranged in two or more columns of channel slots 1000.
  • the plurality of channel slots 1000 may be arranged in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more columns of channel slots 1000.
  • One column of columns of channel slots 1000 may comprise more channel slots 1000 than another column of channel slots 1000.
  • the channel slots 1000 may be staggered between the columns.
  • the columns may be symmetric about a center plane of a channel 610.
  • Each of the channel slots 1000 may be the same size, shape, or both. Two or more of the channel slots 1000 may have different sizes, shapes, or both. Each channel slot 1000 may have a slot height 1001, and a slot width 1002. Two channel slots 1000 may be separated by a height offset 1003 and a width offset 1004. The two or more columns of channel slots 1000 may be separated by the width offset 1004. The center of the width offset 1004 may be coincident with a centerline of the channel 610.
  • the slot height 1001, slot width 1002, height offset 1003, width offset 1004, or any combination thereof may correlate to a wavelength (lambda) emitted by the waveguide.
  • the slot height 1001 may equal to lambda times 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, or any increment therein.
  • the slot height 1001 may equal to about lambda times 0.1 to about lambda times 0.6.
  • the slot width 1002 may equal lambda divided by 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
  • the slot width 1002 may equal lambda/6 to about lambda/24.
  • the height offset 1003 may equal lambda times 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, or any increment therein.
  • the height offset 1003 may equal to lambda times 0.1 to about lambda times 0.5.
  • the width offset 1004 may equal lambda times 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, or any increment therein.
  • the slot height 1001 may be measured as the maximum length within the slot 1000 or a distance between the centerpoints of the opposing rounded ends.
  • the slot width 1002 may be measured as a maximum width of the slot.
  • the height offset 1003 may be measured as an offset between the centerpoint of each slot or between the nearest endpoints of each slot.
  • the height offset 1003 may be parallel to the length of the slot 1000.
  • the width offset 1004 may be measured as a distance between the centerpoints of each slot 1000, a minimum distance between each slot, or a maximum distance between each slot.
  • the width offset 1004 may be
  • each slotted plate 710 may comprise a feed slot 1110 having a feed slot length 1101 and a feed slot width 1102.
  • the feed slot length 1101 may be equal to about 0. l*lambda to about 0.7*lambda.
  • the feed slot length 1101 may be equal to about 0.35*lambda.
  • the feed slot width 1102 may be equal to about 0.0l*lambda to about 0.06*lambda.
  • the feed slot width 1102 may be equal to about 0.03*lambda.
  • each consecutive slotted plate 710 may be separated by a slotted plate distance 1103.
  • the slotted plate distance 1103 may be equal to about 0.2 to about l.2*lambda.
  • the slotted plate distance 1103 may be equal to about
  • the waveguide may be configured to receive the microwave energy and transmit an alternating current emission through air.
  • the rectenna may configured to receive the alternating current emission and convert the alternating current emission to a direct current.
  • the waveguide may be automatically or manually positioned to face normal to the rectenna.
  • the waveguide may be automatically positioned to face normal to the rectenna using a gimbal.
  • the waveguide 101 channels the microwave energy from the vacuum tube device via the mount 630, through the feed slot 1110 in the slotted plate 710, and simultaneously out the channel slots 1000 and the top plate slots 511 to wirelessly transmit an alternating current emission having a wavelength through air.
  • the waveguide 101 may be a parabolic waveguide, wherein the alternating current emission has a focal point, or directional waveguide, wherein the alternating current emission has a focal plane.
  • the waveguide 101 may comprise an array of waveguides 101.
  • the array of waveguides 101 may comprise a linear array, a circular array, a spiral array, or any combination thereof.
  • the array of waveguides 101 may comprise a phased array. Rectenna
  • the wireless energy transfer system herein may comprise a rectenna 102, as shown per FIGS. 12-15.
  • the rectenna 102 may be configured to receive an alternating current emission having a wavelength.
  • the rectenna 102 comprises columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas 1250.
  • the rectenna comprises an array of antennas.
  • the array of T-bar antennas 1250 may comprise a staggered columnar array of T-bar antennas 1250. As seen each column of the columnar array may be connected in series. Alternatively, each column of the columnar array may be connected in parallel.
  • T-bar antennas 1250 are generally shaped like a capital“T” having a columnar member 1252 and a perpendicular member 1251.
  • Each column of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas 1250 may be separated by a column separation distance 1201 equal to about lambda/4.
  • the column separation distance 1201 may be measured as a normal distance between the distal edge of a perpendicular member 1251 of a T-bar antenna 1250 in one column and the respective distal edge of a perpendicular member 1251 of a T-bar antenna 1250 in an adjacent column.
  • the column separation distance 1201 may be measured as a normal distance between the centerpoint of a perpendicular member 1251 of a T-bar antenna 1250 in one column and the centerpoint of a perpendicular member 1251 of a T-bar antenna 1250 in an adjacent column.
  • each T-bar antenna 1250 of the columnar array of staggered T-bar antennas 1250 may be separated by a vertical separation distance 1202 equal to about lambda/2.
  • the vertical separation distance 1202 may be measured as the height of each T-bar antenna.
  • the height of each T-bar antenna 1250 may be measured as a normal distance between the distal edges of the perpendicular member 1251 of two consecutive T-bar antennas 1250 in a column.
  • Each columnar member 1252 of the T-bar antennas 1250 1250 may have a first thickness 1203 of about 0.1 *lambda to about 0.6*lambda.
  • Each columnar member 1252 of the T-bar antennas 1250 1250 may have a first thickness 1203 of about 0.3*lambda. The first thickness
  • Each columnar member 1252 of the T-bar antennas 1250 1250 may have a columnar channel having a columnar channel width 1204 of about 0.05*lambda to about 0.2*lambda.
  • Each columnar member 1252 of the T-bar antennas 1250 1250 may have a columnar channel having a columnar channel width
  • Each perpendicular member 1251 may have a perpendicular member thickness 1205 of about 0.001 *lambda to about 0.04*lambda.
  • Each perpendicular member 1251 may have a perpendicular member thickness 1205 of about 0.0l5*lambda.
  • the perpendicular member thickness 1205 may be measured as a normal thickness of the
  • Each perpendicular member 1251 may have a perpendicular member width 1206 of about 0.l*lambda to about 0.4*lambda. Each perpendicular member 1251 may have a perpendicular member width 1206 of about 0.2*lambda. The perpendicular member width 1206 may be measured as a normal width between the distal edges of the perpendicular member 1251.
  • the rectenna 102 may comprise an insulator 1220 having a first face and an opposing second face. One or more portions of the first face may be covered by a first conductive layer 1230, and one or more portions of the second face are covered by a second conductive layer 1240. At least one of the first conductive layer 1230 and the second conductive layer 1240 may comprise a conductive metal.
  • the conductive metal may comprise aluminum, gallium, lead, tin, silver, copper, gold, zinc, nickel, brass, bronze, iron, platinum, steel, stainless steel, or any combination thereof.
  • the insulator 1220 may comprise ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), acrylic, a ceramic, delrin, polymerized formaldehyde, epoxy, fiberglass, HIPS (high impact polystyrene), kapton, polyimide film, kynar, a fluoropolymer, melamine, mica, neoprene, nomex, an aromatic polyamide, nylon, polyetherether-ketone (PEEK), polyethylene
  • the rectenna 102 may further comprise a diode, a capacitor, or any combination thereof.
  • the diode may comprises a vacuum tube diode, a Schottky diode, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, a silicon-based semiconductor, or any combination thereof.
  • the diode may rectify the wirelessly transmitted power (convert the alternating current emission to a direct current).
  • the rectenna may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more diodes.
  • the wireless energy transfer systems herein may comprise a solid-state phased array.
  • the solid-state phased array may be configured to wirelessly transmit an alternating current emission having a wavelength through air.
  • the solid-state phased array may comprise a computer-controlled array of antennas that are electronically steered without translating or rotating the antennas.
  • Each antenna in the solid- state phased array may receive a radio frequency with a set phase relationship and emit a radiation energy.
  • the solid-state phased array may be electronically steered by tuning the phase relationships provided to each antenna in the solid-state phased array, such that the radiation energy emitted by the solid-state phased array is increased in a specific direction and cancels out in all other directions.
  • the phase relationships may be computer-controlled by one or more phase shifters.
  • the solid-state phased array may comprise 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 10,000 or more antennas.
  • the solid-state phased array may emit radiation energy with a frequency in the UHF and microwave bands. Further, the solid-state phased array may receive solid state power amplifiers.
  • some wirelessly powered vehicle systems employ a charging station where the vehicle can to recharge when its stored power is below a certain threshold. Although such systems enable distinct periods of operational deployment, delays due to recharging periods cannot provide for a continuous presence without a redundant number of vehicles. Although other such systems use a tether between a power source and the vehicle to enable longer periods of operation, entanglement of such tethers may pose a safety risk, waste the power required to lift the mass of such tethers, and limit the range of such devices due to the constraints of transmission loss and power attenuation as the length of the tether increases.
  • the vehicle comprises an unmanned vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle comprises an unmanned vehicle.
  • the vehicle an aerial vehicle, a water vehicle, a land vehicle, or any combination thereof.
  • the unmanned vehicle comprises an aerial vehicle, a water vehicle, a land vehicle, or any combination thereof.
  • the aerial vehicle comprises a rotary wing aircraft.
  • the aerial vehicle comprises a helicopter.
  • the aerial vehicle comprises a multicopter.
  • the multicopter comprises a co-axial copter, a tricopter, a quadcopter, a hexacopter, an octocopter, or a decacopter.
  • the aerial vehicle comprises a tilt wing aircraft.
  • the water vehicle comprises a ship, a boat, a canoe, a raft, a pontoon, a cruise ship or a container ship.
  • the land vehicle comprises a car, a motorcycle, a truck, a bulldozer, a crane, a tractor, a combine, a tank, a railway car, or a scooter.
  • the aerial vehicle comprises an aerial unmanned drone.
  • the vehicle comprises a land vehicle 1910 having a rectenna 1901 configured to receive wireless power from a waveguide 1902.
  • the rectenna 1901 configured to receive wireless power from a solid-state phased array
  • Unmanned aerial vehicle are currently being employed for transportation and sensing means in such fields as civil engineering, firefighting, military exercises, photography, mapmaking, surveying, telecommunications, transportation, and delivery. The amount of time an unmanned aerial vehicle stays airborne determines its range and operational employment period.
  • a continuous data gathering system 1600 comprising: a waveguide 1601; a rectenna 1604 electrically connected to the waveguide 1601 and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field; and an unmanned aerial vehicle 1603 comprising: a rectenna 1604 configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power; and a sensor 1605; wherein the system 1600 is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle 1603 conducts data gathering continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the rectenna 1604 comprises a vacuum tube diode, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, or a silicon-based semiconductor to rectify the wirelessly transmitted power.
  • the rectenna 1604 receives the radio frequency power transmission field transmitted by the waveguide to power the unmanned aerial vehicle. In some embodiments, the rectenna 1604 is configured to receive radio frequency power transmission fields of a specific power, frequency, or both. In some embodiments the rectenna 1604 rectifies the wirelessly transmitted power to DC at about 150W.
  • the waveguide is configured to receive power from the waveguide and transmit a radio frequency power transmission field through the air, wherein the radio frequency power transmission field is captured by the unmanned aerial vehicle and used as a power source.
  • the waveguide is a directional waveguide.
  • the waveguide comprises a parabolic dish waveguide.
  • the waveguide comprises a waveguide array comprising a plurality of waveguides.
  • the radio frequency power transmission field comprises microwaves.
  • the microwaves have a frequency of about 1 GHz to about 100 GHz.
  • the system 1600 is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle 1603 conducts surveillance continuously for at least 48 hours, at least 72 hours, or at least 96 hours. In some embodiments, the system 1600 is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle 1603 conducts surveillance continuously for about 10 hours to about 118 hours.
  • the system 1600 is configured to operate as a camera platform for various kinds of imaging and other kinds of sensing equipment. In some embodiments, the system 1600 is configured to operate as a delivery or transportation platform. In some embodiments, the system 1600 is configured to operate as s a telecommunications broadcast and relay platform.
  • a continuous surveillance platform comprising: a terrestrial wireless power transmission station comprising a waveguide and a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field; and an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power and a surveillance sensor; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts surveillance continuously for about 6 hours to about 60 hours.
  • FIG. 18 A non-limiting illustration of an interface of a terrestrial wireless power transmission station is shown in FIG. 18.
  • the interface of a terrestrial wireless power transmission station allows for the input or viewing of unmanned aerial vehicle parameters related to weight, number of rotors, frame size, tilt limit, elevation, air temperature, air pressure, battery configuration, battery capacity, battery discharge, battery resistance, battery voltage, battery c-rate, battery weight, controller type, controller current, controller resistance, controller weight, controller current drain, motor type, motor power, motor no-load current, motor power limit, mother resistance, motor case size, motor poles, motor weight, propeller type, propeller diameter, propeller pitch, propeller blade count, propeller torque, propeller gear ratio, load weight, flight time, current power, current temperature, current thrust to weight ratio, current specific thrust, battery flight time, motor efficiency, or any combination thereof.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an aerial platform to which one or more sensors can be mounted and positioned in the air for a continuous period of time.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle is powered by the radio frequency power transmission field transmitted by the antenna.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle is receives the radio frequency power transmission field transmitted by the antenna via a rectenna.
  • the primary source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the sole source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a fixed wing drone.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by at least 50 feet or at least 100 feet. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by about 25 feet to about 150 feet. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle further comprises a fastener for securing a transportation payload.
  • a sensor is mounted to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • a sensor is configured to gather a data.
  • the data gathering comprises surveillance.
  • the sensor comprises a surveillance sensor.
  • the surveillance sensor comprises a camera.
  • the camera comprises a video camera.
  • the camera comprises an infrared camera.
  • the sensor comprises a chemical sensor or a radiation sensor.
  • the number of sensors on the unmanned aerial vehicle is about 2 to about 40.
  • the data comprises a chemical measurement, a speed measurement, a pressure measurement, a vibration measurement, a force measurement, a picture, a video, a motion detection, or any combination thereof.
  • a continuous telecommunications system comprising: a waveguide; a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field; and an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising: a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power and a wireless telecommunications element; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle is available to conduct telecommunications continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the continuous telecommunications system is configured to provide telecommunication data from one or more sources to one or more users.
  • the source is integrated into the continuous telecommunications system.
  • the source is integrated into one or more other unmanned aerial vehicles.
  • the continuous telecommunications system comprises a mesh continuous telecommunications system, wherein each source on an unmanned aerial vehicle is configured to transmit the telecommunications data to one or more sources on other unmanned aerial vehicles.
  • the source is external from the continuous telecommunications system.
  • the source comprises an internet router, a cellular tower, or any combination thereof.
  • the telecommunications data comprises cellular data, Wi-Fi data, GPS data, sensor data, or any combination thereof.
  • the waveguide receives power input at about 120 V to about 500 V. In some embodiments, the waveguide provides power output to the rectenna at 5.8 GHz. In some embodiments, the antenna is a directional antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna comprises a parabolic dish antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna comprises an antenna array. In some embodiments, the radio frequency power transmission field comprises
  • the microwaves have a frequency of 1 GHz to 100 GHz. In some embodiments, the microwaves have a frequency of 2.45 GHz to 12 GHz. In some embodiments, the microwaves have a frequency of about 5.8 GHz.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a rotary wing drone. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a helicopter. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a multicopter. In some embodiments, the multicopter comprises a co-axial copter, a tricopter, a quadcopter, a hexacopter, an octocopter, or a decacopter. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a tilt wing drone. In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a fixed wing drone.
  • the rectenna comprises a vacuum tube diode, a mercury-arc valve, a stack of copper and selenium oxide plates, a semiconductor diode, or a silicon-based semiconductor to rectify the wirelessly transmitted power.
  • the rectenna rectifies the wirelessly transmitted power to DC at about 75 W, 100 W, 125 W, 150W, 200 W, 250 W, or 300 W, including increments therein.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data receiver.
  • the data receiver is configured to receive data from one or more sources.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data relay.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data transmitter.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle operates at an altitude wherein the rectenna and the unmanned aerial vehicle are separated by at least 50 feet or at least 100 feet.
  • the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle conducts telecommunications continuously for at least 48 hours, at least 72 hours, or at least 96 hours.
  • the primary source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the sole source of power for all components of the unmanned aerial vehicle is the waveguide.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle further comprises a rechargeable power store directly or indirectly connected to the rectenna and wherein the primary source of power for charging the rechargeable power store is the waveguide.
  • the sole source of power for charging the rechargeable power store is the waveguide.
  • Another aspect provided herein is a continuous telecommunications platform
  • a terrestrial wireless power transmission station comprising a waveguide and a rectenna electrically connected to the waveguide and configured to generate a radio frequency power transmission field
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a rectenna configured to receive the radio frequency power transmission field and rectify the wirelessly transmitted power and a wireless telecommunications element comprising a data receiver, a data relay, a data transmitter, or a combination thereof; wherein the system is configured to operate continuously such that the unmanned aerial vehicle is available to conduct telecommunications continuously for at least 24 hours.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data receiver, configured to receive telecommunications data from a source.
  • the source comprises an internal source.
  • the internal source comprises one more other unmanned aerial vehicles.
  • the source comprises an external source.
  • the external source comprises an internet router, a cellular tower, or any combination thereof.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data transmitter, configured to receive telecommunications data from an internal source, an external source, or both, and transmit the telecommunications data to a user.
  • the wireless telecommunications element comprises a data relay, configured to receive telecommunications data from an internal source, an external source, or both, and transmit the telecommunications data to another wireless telecommunications element.
  • the data relay enables the telecommunications platform to act as a mesh continuous telecommunications platform.
  • the mesh continuous telecommunications platform is configured to transmit data from one telecommunications element to another telecommunications element, through direct or indirect communications between the two telecommunications elements.
  • the telecommunications data comprises cellular data, Wi-Fi data, GPS data, a sensor data, or any combination thereof.
  • the platforms, systems, media, and methods described herein include a digital processing device, or use of the same.
  • the digital processing device includes one or more hardware central processing units (CPUs) or general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) that carry out the device’s functions.
  • the digital processing device further comprises an operating system configured to perform executable instructions.
  • the digital processing device is optionally connected a computer network.
  • the digital processing device is optionally connected to the Internet such that it accesses the World Wide Web.
  • the digital processing device is optionally connected to a cloud computing infrastructure.
  • the digital processing device is optionally connected to an intranet.
  • the digital processing device is optionally connected to a data storage device.
  • suitable digital processing devices include, by way of non-limiting examples, server computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, sub-notebook computers, netbook computers, netpad computers, handheld computers, mobile smartphones, tablet computers, personal digital assistants, and vehicles.
  • Suitable tablet computers include those with booklet, slate, and convertible configurations, known to those of skill in the art.
  • the digital processing device includes an operating system configured to perform executable instructions.
  • the operating system is, for example, software, including programs and data, which manages the device’s hardware and provides services for execution of applications.
  • suitable server operating systems include, by way of non-limiting examples, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD ® , Linux, Apple ® Mac OS X Server ® , Oracle ® Solaris ® , Windows Server ® , and Novell ® NetWare ® .
  • suitable personal computer operating systems include, by way of non-limiting examples, Microsoft ® Windows ® , Apple ® Mac OS X ® , UNIX ® , and UNIX- like operating systems such as GNU/Linux ® .
  • the operating system is provided by cloud computing.
  • suitable mobile smart phone operating systems include, by way of non-limiting examples, Nokia ® Symbian ®
  • the device includes a storage and/or memory device.
  • the storage and/or memory device is one or more physical apparatuses used to store data or programs on a temporary or permanent basis.
  • the device is volatile memory and requires power to maintain stored information.
  • the device is non-volatile memory and retains stored information when the digital processing device is not powered.
  • the non-volatile memory comprises flash memory.
  • the non-volatile memory comprises dynamic random-access memory (DRAM).
  • DRAM dynamic random-access memory
  • the non-volatile memory comprises ferroelectric random access memory
  • the non-volatile memory comprises phase-change random access memory (PRAM).
  • the device is a storage device including, by way of non-limiting examples, CD-ROMs, DVDs, flash memory devices, magnetic disk drives, magnetic tapes drives, optical disk drives, and cloud computing based storage.
  • the storage and/or memory device is a combination of devices such as those disclosed herein.
  • the digital processing device includes a display to send visual information to a user.
  • the display is a liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • the display is a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD).
  • the display is an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display.
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • on OLED display is a passive-matrix OLED (PMOLED) or active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) display.
  • the display is a plasma display.
  • the display is a video projector.
  • the display is a head- mounted display in communication with the digital processing device, such as a VR headset.
  • suitable VR headsets include, by way of non-limiting examples, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR, Microsoft HoloLens, Razer OSVR, FOVE VR, Zeiss VR One, Avegant Glyph, Freefly VR headset, and the like.
  • the display is a combination of devices such as those disclosed herein.
  • the digital processing device includes an input device to receive information from a user.
  • the input device is a keyboard.
  • the input device is a pointing device including, by way of non-limiting examples, a mouse, trackball, track pad, joystick, game controller, or stylus.
  • the input device is a touch screen or a multi-touch screen. In other embodiments, the input device is a microphone to capture voice or other sound input. In other embodiments, the input device is a video camera or other sensor to capture motion or visual input. In further embodiments, the input device is a Kinect, Leap Motion, or the like. In still further embodiments, the input device is a combination of devices such as those disclosed herein.
  • a digital processing device 2101 is programmed or otherwise configured to act as a continuous data gathering system.
  • the digital processing device 2101 is programmed or otherwise configured to act as a continuous data gathering system.
  • the digital processing device 2101 includes a central processing unit (CPU, also“processor” and“computer processor” herein) 2105, which is optionally a single core, a multi core processor, or a plurality of processors for parallel processing.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the digital processing device 2101 also includes memory or memory location 2110 (e.g., random-access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage unit 2115 (e.g., hard disk), communication interface 2120 (e.g., network adapter) for communicating with one or more other systems, and peripheral devices 2125, such as cache, other memory, data storage and/or electronic display adapters.
  • the memory 2110, storage unit 2115, interface 2120 and peripheral devices 2125 are in communication with the CPU 2105 through a communication bus (solid lines), such as a motherboard.
  • the storage unit 2115 comprises a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data.
  • the digital processing device 2101 is optionally operatively coupled to a computer network (“network”) 2130 with the aid of the communication interface 2120.
  • network computer network
  • the network 2130 in various cases, is the internet, an internet, and/or extranet, or an intranet and/or extranet that is in communication with the internet.
  • the network 2130 in some cases, is a telecommunication and/or data network.
  • the network 2130 optionally includes one or more computer servers, which enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing.
  • the network 2130 in some cases, with the aid of the device 2101, implements a peer-to-peer network, which enables devices coupled to the device 2101 to behave as a client or a server.
  • the CPU 2105 is configured to execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions, embodied in a program, application, and/or software.
  • the instructions are optionally stored in a memory location, such as the memory 2110.
  • the instructions are directed to the CPU 105, which subsequently program or otherwise configure the CPU 2105 to implement methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the CPU 2105 include fetch, decode, execute, and write back.
  • the CPU 2105 is, in some cases, part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the device 2101 are optionally included in the circuit. In some cases, the circuit is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the storage unit 2115 optionally stores files, such as drivers, libraries and saved programs.
  • the storage unit 2115 optionally stores user data, e.g., user preferences and user programs.
  • the digital processing device 2101 in some cases, includes one or more additional data storage units that are external, such as located on a remote server that is in communication through an intranet or the internet.
  • the digital processing device 2101 optionally
  • the device 2101 optionally communicates with a remote computer system of a user.
  • remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PC), slate or tablet PCs (e.g., Apple ® iPad, Samsung ® Galaxy Tab, etc.), smartphones (e.g., Apple ® iPhone, Android-enabled device, Blackberry ® , etc.), or personal digital assistants.
  • Methods as described herein are optionally implemented by way of machine (e.g., computer processor) executable code stored on an electronic storage location of the digital processing device 101, such as, for example, on the memory 2110 or electronic storage unit 2115.
  • the machine executable or machine readable code is optionally provided in the form of software.
  • the code is executed by the processor 2105.
  • the code is retrieved from the storage unit 2115 and stored on the memory 2110 for ready access by the processor 2105.
  • the electronic storage unit 2115 is precluded, and machine- executable instructions are stored on the memory 2110.
  • the term“about” refers to an amount that is near the stated amount by about 10%, 5%, or 1%, including increments therein.
  • the term“about” in reference to a percentage refers to an amount that is greater or less the stated percentage by 10%, 5%, or 1%, including increments therein.
  • each of the expressions“at least one of A, B and C,”“at least one of A, B, or C,”“one or more of A, B, and C,”“one or more of A, B, or C” and“A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together.
  • parabolic dish antenna refers to an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the waves through a medium.
  • directional antenna refers to an antenna which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions.
  • the term“rectify” refers to the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
  • direct current refers to a unidirectional flow of electric charge.
  • alternating current refers to a flow of electric charge that reverses its direction at regular intervals.
  • microwave refers to form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to about one millimeter and with frequencies between about 300 MHz and about 300 GHz.
  • energy flux refers to the rate of transfer of energy through a surface. Energy flux may be measured as a rate of energy transfer per unit area (J/m 2 s) or a total rate of energy transfer (J/s).
  • the term“rectifier efficiency” refers to a ratio between the AC power input and the DC power output.
  • Schottky diode also known as a Schottky barrier diode or a hot-carrier diode refers to a semiconductor diode formed by the junction of a semiconductor with a metal, whereby, when sufficient forward voltage is applied, current flows in the forward direction.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes de transfert d'énergie sans fil comprenant : un dispositif de tube à vide servant à produire une énergie à micro-ondes; un guide d'ondes servant à recevoir l'énergie à micro-ondes et à transmettre sans fil une émission de courant alternatif ayant une longueur d'onde à travers l'air; et une antenne redresseuse servant à recevoir sans fil l'émission de courant alternatif et à convertir l'émission de courant alternatif en un courant continu. Les systèmes sont appropriés pour aider et pour améliorer des champs techniques de type génie civil, lutte contre l'incendie, exercice militaire, photographie, cartographie, arpentage, télécommunications, transport, et livraison.
PCT/US2018/067745 2017-12-28 2018-12-27 Plateformes, systèmes et procédés de recharge continue de dispositifs à haute puissance par transmission de puissance sans fil WO2019133751A1 (fr)

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CN114954048A (zh) * 2022-07-29 2022-08-30 威泊(上海)新能源科技股份有限公司 一种供无人机群高空高速飞行中无线充电装备与方法
KR102577341B1 (ko) * 2022-12-28 2023-09-12 주식회사 쎄크 안티 드론 장치

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