WO2019132098A1 - 철근 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
철근 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019132098A1 WO2019132098A1 PCT/KR2018/000953 KR2018000953W WO2019132098A1 WO 2019132098 A1 WO2019132098 A1 WO 2019132098A1 KR 2018000953 W KR2018000953 W KR 2018000953W WO 2019132098 A1 WO2019132098 A1 WO 2019132098A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/08—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires for concrete reinforcement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reinforcing bar and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to a reinforcing bar applicable to a cryogenic environment and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Carbon steels are being applied to structures for securing space for human activities.
- the carbon steel is widely used in various fields such as a skyscraper, a bridge, a large ocean structure, an underground structure, a storage room, and the like as a steel for a structure.
- reinforcing bars are applied as an example of the steel for the structure.
- the mined natural gas can be liquefied at temperatures below -170 ° C and stored in the reservoir in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- a structure in the form of a mixture of reinforcing bars and concrete is applied, and the structure is required to have a cryogenic characteristic in order to suppress leakage of liquefied natural gas.
- Background Art related to the present invention is U.S. Patent No. 8757422.
- the present invention provides a reinforcing bar capable of ensuring toughness and ductility in a cryogenic environment and a method of manufacturing the same.
- a reinforcing bar comprises 0.06 wt% to 0.11 wt% of carbon (C), 0.2 wt% or less of silicon (Si), 0.8 wt% or more and less than 2.0 wt% of manganese (Mn) (Al) 0.01-0.03 wt.%, Ni (Ni) 0.50-1.00 wt.%, Molybdenum (Mo) 0.027-0.125 wt.%, Chromium (Cr) ) More than 0 and not more than 0.25 wt%, copper (Cu) more than 0 and not more than 0.28 wt%, nitrogen (N) more than 0 and not more than 0.01 wt%, and remaining iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities.
- the reinforcing bar has a surface layer portion and a center portion excluding the surface layer portion. At this time, the reinforcing bar has a hardened layer substantially consisting of tempered martensite at the surface layer portion, and has a composite structure of bainite, ferrite and pearlite at the center portion.
- the reinforcing bars may comprise 35 to 45% bainite, 45 to 55% needle-like ferrite and 5 to 15% pearlite in an area fraction at the center.
- the reinforcing bars may satisfy a yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa or more, a ratio of tensile strength (TS) / yield strength (YS) of 1.15 or more and elongation of 10% or more at room temperature,
- the uniform elongation at the specimen may be 3% or more
- the notch sensitive ratio at -170 ° C may be 1.0 or more.
- the notch sensitivity ratio may be a ratio of (tensile strength of notched specimen) / (yield strength of un-notched specimen).
- the cured layer may have a depth from the surface of the reinforcing bars corresponding to 0.31 to 0.55 of the radius of the reinforcing bars.
- the ferrite in the center portion may have a grain size of 9-11 [mu] m.
- a method of manufacturing a reinforcing bar comprising the steps of: 0.06 wt% to 0.11 wt% carbon (C), 0.25 wt% or less of silicon (Si), 0.8 wt% (P) 0 to 0.01 wt% or less, S (S) 0 to 0.01 wt% or less, Al (Al) 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Ni (Ni) 0.50 to 1.00 wt%, molybdenum (Mo) (Fe) and inevitable impurities at a temperature of 1030 ° C or higher, and at a temperature higher than or equal to 1030 ° C and lower than or equal to 0 ° C and less than or equal to 0.25 wt% of chrome (Cr) Reheating at 1250 ° C; Hot rolling the reheated cast slab to a finish rolling temperature of 920 ⁇ to 1030 ⁇ to form a reinforcing bar; And cooling the hot-rolled
- the finishing rolling temperature may be in accordance with the following equation.
- [Mn] is the content of manganese in the slab, the unit is weight%, [Ni] is the content of [Ni], [Ni] ] Is the content of nickel in the steel, the unit is weight%, coefficient 0.8 is no factor, coefficients 12.0 and 5.8 have units of 1 / weight%, and constant 850 has temperature (in degrees Celsius).
- the produced reinforcing bars include tempered martensite at the surface portion, and may have a composite structure of bainite, ferrite and pearlite at the center portion.
- the reinforcing bars have a surface layer portion and a center portion excluding the surface layer portion.
- the reinforcing bars have a hardened layer substantially consisting of tempered martensite at the surface layer portion, and at the center portion, 35 to 45% of bainite, 45 to 55% of needle ferrite, 5 to 15% of pearlite . ≪ / RTI >
- the produced reinforcing bar satisfies a yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa or more, a ratio of tensile strength (TS) / yield strength (YS) of 1.15 or more and elongation of 10% or more at room temperature,
- the notch sensitivity ratio is a ratio of (tensile strength of notched specimen) / (yield strength of un-notched specimen).
- a reinforcing bar capable of ensuring toughness and ductility at a cryogenic temperature through optimized alloy components and process control, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart schematically showing a method of manufacturing a reinforcing bar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a microstructure of a reinforcing bar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the microstructure of a reinforcing bar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiments of the present invention described below provide a cryogenic reinforcing steel that ensures toughness and ductility at cryogenic temperatures through appropriate component design and process control.
- the composition of the alloy such as carbon, nickel, and manganese in the reinforcing bar can be controlled to improve cryogenic toughness and ductility.
- Such an alloy composition may be advantageous for low temperature phase acquisition such as bainite.
- the components and the process can be controlled so as to have a reinforcing microstructure capable of preventing crack propagation.
- An embodiment of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising 0.06 wt% to 0.11 wt% of carbon (C), 0.25 wt% or less of silicon (Si), 0.2 wt% (Al) 0.01-0.03 wt.%, Nickel (Ni) 0.50-1.00 wt.%, Molybdenum (Mo) 0.027-0.125 wt.%, Chromium (Cr) 0 (Fe) and inevitable impurities in an amount of not less than 0.25 wt%, not more than 0.25 wt% of copper (Cu), not more than 0.01 wt% of nitrogen (N)
- the reinforcing bars may have a surface layer portion and a center portion excluding the surface layer portion.
- the reinforcing bars may have a hardened layer substantially consisting of tempered martensite at the surface layer portion.
- the surface layer may be formed of the cured layer.
- the reinforcing bars may have a composite structure of bainite, ferrite and pearlite at the central portion.
- the cured layer may have a depth corresponding to 0.31 to 0.55 of the radius of the reinforcing bars from the surface of the reinforcing bars.
- the cross section when the cross section is formed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bars, the cross section may be composed of the surface layer portion and the center portion.
- the surface layer portion may have an area fraction of 35 to 50% with respect to the whole of the cross section.
- the surface layer portion may be substantially composed of tempered martensite.
- the bainite may be present in an area fraction less than about 10% of the area fraction of the surface layer.
- the remaining region of the cross section of the reinforcing bars excluding the surface layer portion may be the center portion.
- the center portion with respect to the entire section may have an area fraction of 50 to 65%.
- the reinforcing bars may have a composite structure of bainite, ferrite and pearlite at the central portion.
- the ferrite in the center portion may be needle-like ferrite.
- the reinforcing bars are formed of bainite having an area fraction of 35 to 45%, an acicular ferrite having an areal fraction of 45 to 55%, and an area fraction of 5 to 15% Pearlite. At this time, the acicular ferrite may have a grain size of 9 to 11 ⁇ .
- the reinforcing bars may satisfy a yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa or more and a ratio of tensile strength (TS) / yield strength (YS) of 1.15 or more and elongation of 10% or more at room temperature.
- the reinforcing bars may have a uniform elongation of not less than 3% at -170 ° C and a Notch Sensitive Ratio of not less than 1.0 at -170 ° C.
- the notch sensitivity ratio may be a ratio of (tensile strength of notched specimen) / (yield strength of un-notched specimen).
- the uniform elongation and the notch sensitivity rate at -170 ° C are the results of preparing specimens conforming to the standard of European Standard (EN14620-3) and performing tensile tests on the specimens.
- an unchorned specimen and a notched specimen are prepared.
- the notched specimen according to the European standard (EN14620-3) may have a V-notch with an internal angle of 45 °, and the V-notch may have a radius of 0.25 mm at the base.
- the V-notch may be formed between the grip portions of the tensile tester at a position 1/2 of the length of the specimen.
- the uniform elongation can be defined as the elongation to elongation of the specimen when the tensile test is performed using the un-notched specimen. Accordingly, in this embodiment, it is possible to measure the uniform elongation at -170 ° C. After the notch specimens and the un-notched specimens are subjected to tensile tests at -170 DEG C, the notch sensitivity ratio can be calculated from the ratio of the tensile strength of the notched specimens to the yield strength of the un-notched specimens.
- carbon (C) is added to secure strength and hardness of the steel.
- carbon (C) is dissolved in austenite to form a martensite structure upon quenching.
- quenching hardness is improved with an increase in the amount of carbon, but deformation due to rapid cooling may occur, and steel elongation and low temperature toughness may be lowered.
- the carbon (C) is added in an amount of 0.06 wt% to 0.11 wt% of the total reinforcing bar weight.
- the content of carbon is less than 0.06% by weight, it is difficult to secure sufficient strength.
- the content of carbon (C) exceeds 0.11% by weight, the strength of the steel increases but it may be difficult to secure a sufficient elongation and low temperature toughness.
- silicon (Si) is added as a deoxidizer to remove oxygen in the steel in the steelmaking process. Further, silicon (Si) is effective for improving the toughness and ductility of steel by inducing ferrite formation as a ferrite stabilizing element having a solid solution strengthening effect.
- the silicon (Si) is added in an amount of 0 to 0.25% by weight of the total reinforcing steel weight.
- the content of silicon (Si) is more than 0.25% by weight, oxides are formed on the surface of the steel to lower the ductility of the steel.
- Manganese (Mn) is an element which increases the strength and toughness of steel and increases the ingotability of steel.
- the manganese is added in an amount of 0.8 wt% or more and less than 2.0 wt% of the total weight of the reinforcing bars. If the content of manganese is less than 0.8% by weight, it may be difficult to secure strength. On the other hand, when the content of manganese is 2.0% by weight or more, the strength is increased but the amount of MnS-based nonmetallic inclusions is increased, which may cause defects such as cracks during welding.
- manganese is an austenite stabilizing element, and when added in an amount of more than 0.8 wt% and less than 2.0 wt%, it may be advantageous to form acicular ferrite and bainite.
- the microstructure favorable to the cryogenic toughness according to the embodiment of the present invention can be formed.
- Phosphorus (P) is an element that contributes a little to the strength improvement, but if it is included excessively, the ductility of the steel is deteriorated and the final material deviation is caused by billet center segregation. P is not a problem if it is uniformly distributed in the steel but usually forms harmful compounds of Fe 3 P. This Fe 3 P is extremely weak and segregated, so it does not become homogeneous even after the annealing treatment, and it is elongated at the time of forging, rolling and the like.
- the phosphorus (P) is limited to an amount of more than 0 to 0.01 wt% of the total reinforcing bar weight. When the content of phosphorus (P) exceeds 0.01% by weight, center segregation and micro segregation are formed to adversely affect the material and deteriorate ductility and toughness.
- S Sulfur
- S is an element which contributes partly to the improvement of workability. However, if it is included excessively, sulfur (S) inhibits toughness and ductility of steel and forms MnS nonmetallic inclusion by binding with manganese. Sulfur can combine with iron to form FeS if the amount of manganese in the steel is insufficient. Since the FeS is very weak and has a low melting point, the FeS can be uniformly generated during hot and cold working.
- the sulfur (S) is limited to an amount of more than 0 to 0.01 wt.% Of the total rebar weight.
- the content of sulfur (S) exceeds 0.01% by weight, there is a problem that ductility is greatly deteriorated and MnS non-metallic inclusions are excessively generated.
- Aluminum (Al) can function as a deoxidizer.
- Aluminum (Al) may be added in an amount of 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of the total rebar weight. When the content of aluminum is less than 0.01% by weight, it is difficult to sufficiently exert the above effect. On the other hand, when the content of aluminum is more than 0.03 wt%, the amount of nonmetal inclusions such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) can be increased.
- Nickel (Ni) increases the strength of the material and ensures a low temperature impact value.
- the nickel is added in an amount of 0.50 to 1.00 wt% of the total reinforcing bar weight.
- the content of nickel is less than 0.50 wt%, it is difficult to achieve the above-mentioned object.
- the content of nickel exceeds 1.00 wt%, the strength at room temperature becomes excessively high, and the weldability and toughness may be deteriorated.
- Molybdenum improves the strength, toughness and hardenability of steel.
- the molybdenum is added in an amount of 0.027 to 0.125% by weight based on the total weight of the reinforcing bars.
- the content of molybdenum is less than 0.027 wt%, it is difficult to exhibit the above-mentioned effects.
- the content of molybdenum is more than 0.125 wt%, the weldability is deteriorated.
- Chromium (Cr) improves the hardenability of the steel and improves the hardenability.
- chromium can delay the diffusion of carbon and make the grain size finer.
- the chromium is added in an amount of more than 0 to 0.25 wt% of the total reinforcing steel weight.
- the content of chromium is more than 0.25 wt%, there is a disadvantage that the weldability and toughness of the heat-affected zone can be lowered.
- Copper (Cu) can serve to improve the hardenability of the steel and the impact resistance at low temperatures. In addition, it is possible to increase the corrosion resistance of steel in air or seawater. Copper (Cu) is limited to a content of from greater than 0 to 0.28% by weight of the total weight. When the content of copper is added in an amount exceeding 0.28% by weight, the hot workability is lowered and the hot brittleness can be caused.
- Nitrogen (N) can increase yield strength and tensile strength. Nitrogen makes the austenite grains finer to make fine grain grains. However, when it is added in a large amount exceeding 0.01%, there is a problem that the amount of nitrogen increases and the elongation and formability of the steel are lowered. Therefore, it is preferable that the steel is added in an amount of more than 0 to 0.01% by weight of the total reinforcing steel weight.
- the remainder is composed of iron (Fe) and impurities inevitably included in the steelmaking process and the like.
- a method of manufacturing a reinforcing bar includes a reheating step (S100), a hot rolling step (S200), and a cooling step (S300).
- the reheating step (S100) may be carried out in order to obtain effects such as reuse of precipitates.
- the cast steel can be obtained through a continuous casting process after molten steel having a predetermined composition is obtained through a steelmaking process.
- the cast may, for example, be in the form of a bloom or a fillet.
- the cast steel is characterized by comprising 0.06 wt% to 0.11 wt% of carbon (C), 0.25 wt% or less of silicon (Si), 0.2 wt% or more and less than 2.0 wt% of manganese (Mn) (S) more than 0 and not more than 0.01 wt%, aluminum (Al) 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, nickel (Ni) 0.50 to 1.00 wt%, molybdenum (Mo) (N) more than 0 and not more than 0.01 wt%, and the balance of iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities.
- the cast steel having the above composition is reheated in the temperature range of 1030 ⁇ to 1250 ⁇ . This reheating can result in re-use of the segregated components and re-use of precipitates during casting.
- the cast steel may be a bloom or billet produced by a continuous casting process carried out before the reheating step (S100).
- the reheating temperature of the cast steel is less than 1030 ⁇ , the heating temperature is insufficient and the segregation component and the precipitate may not be sufficiently reused. Further, there is a problem that the rolling load becomes large. On the other hand, if the reheating temperature exceeds 1250 ⁇ ⁇ , the austenite grains may be coarse or decarburized to deteriorate the strength.
- the reheated cast steel is hot-rolled at a finish rolling temperature of 920 ⁇ ⁇ to 1030 ⁇ ⁇ to produce a reinforcing bar.
- the finishing rolling temperature may be a temperature not lower than the austenite non-recrystallization temperature Ar3 and Ac3 transformation point.
- finish rolling temperature exceeds 1030 DEG C, it may become difficult to secure strength by forming coarse pearlite.
- finish rolling temperature is lower than 920 ⁇ ⁇ , rolling load is caused to lower the productivity and reduce the heat treatment effect.
- the finishing rolling temperature can be set according to the condition of the following expression (1).
- [Mn] is the content of manganese in the slab, the unit is weight%, [Ni] is the content of [Ni], [Ni] ] Is the content of nickel in the steel, the unit is weight percent, the coefficient is 0.80, the coefficients are 12.0 and 5.8 have units of 1 / weight%, and the constant 850 has units of temperature in degrees Celsius.
- Ae1 in Equation 1 means a known critical temperature A1 related to the phase transformation of the steel in an equilibrium state and Ae3 means a known critical temperature A3 related to the phase change of the steel in the equilibrium state.
- the hot-rolled steel bar is cooled to a martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) or less through the Temp core process so as to secure sufficient strength.
- Ms martensitic transformation start temperature
- the cooled steel may be heated at a temperature of 520 ° C to 600 ° C.
- the rebar may be air cooled.
- the recuperative temperature may correspond to the rate at which the hot rolled steel bar passes through the water tank containing the cooling water during the temp core process.
- the line speed of the rebar may range from 7 to 11 meters / sec. If the line speed is less than 7 meters / sec, excessive cooling may be performed, so that the repetition temperature may be lower than 520 ° C. If the line speed exceeds 11 meters / sec, the cooling is insufficient, so that the double-heating temperature may be higher than 600 ° C. That is, when the double-heating temperature according to the embodiment of the present invention can not be secured, the depth range of the cured layer according to the embodiment of the present invention can not be ensured.
- the reinforcing bars produced through the above-described processes may have a surface layer portion and a center portion excluding the surface layer portion.
- the reinforcing bars may have a hardened layer substantially consisting of tempered martensite at the surface layer portion.
- the surface layer may be formed of the cured layer.
- the reinforcing bars may have a composite structure of bainite, ferrite and pearlite at the central portion.
- the cured layer may have a depth corresponding to 0.31 to 0.55 of the radius of the reinforcing bars from the surface of the reinforcing bars.
- the surface portion when a section is formed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bars, the surface portion may have an area fraction of 35 to 50% with respect to the entire section.
- the surface layer portion may be substantially composed of tempered martensite. Alternatively, bainite may be contained in an area fraction less than about 10% of the area fraction of the surface layer portion.
- the remaining region of the cross section of the reinforcing bars excluding the surface layer portion may be the center portion.
- the center portion with respect to the entire section may have an area fraction of 50 to 65%.
- the reinforcing bars may have a composite structure of bainite, ferrite and pearlite at the central portion.
- the ferrite in the center portion may be needle-like ferrite.
- the reinforcing bars are formed of bainite having an area fraction of 35 to 45%, an acicular ferrite having an areal fraction of 45 to 55%, and an area fraction of 5 to 15% Pearlite. At this time, the acicular ferrite may have a grain size of 9 to 11 ⁇ .
- the produced reinforcing bars can satisfy a yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa or more, a ratio of tensile strength (TS) / yield strength (YS) of 1.15 or more and elongation of 10% or more at room temperature.
- the reinforcing bars may have a uniform elongation of not less than 3% at -170 ° C and a Notch Sensitive Ratio of not less than 1.0 at -170 ° C.
- the notch sensitivity ratio may be a ratio of (tensile strength of notched specimen) / (yield strength of un-notched specimen).
- the uniform elongation and the notch sensitivity at -170 ⁇ were obtained by preparing specimens conforming to the European standard (EN14620-3) and performing tensile tests on the specimens.
- an unchorned specimen and a notched specimen are prepared.
- the notched specimen according to the European standard (EN14620-3) may have a V-notch with an internal angle of 45 °, and the V-notch may have a radius of 0.25 mm at the base.
- the V-notch may be formed between the grip portions of the tensile tester at a position 1/2 of the length of the specimen.
- the uniform elongation can be defined as the elongation to elongation of the specimen when the tensile test is performed using the un-notched specimen. Accordingly, in this embodiment, it is possible to measure the uniform elongation at -170 ° C.
- the notch susceptibility can be calculated from the ratio between the tensile strength of the notched specimen and the yield strength of the un-notched specimen.
- the yield strength at room temperature can be designed so as to have the following parameters.
- [Mn] is the content of manganese in the slab, the unit is weight%, [Ni] is the content of nickel in the slab and the unit is% by weight, and [HLVF] is the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel bar
- [FGD] means the grain size of ferrite at the center of the steel bar and has a unit of ⁇ m
- [FDT] is the hot rolling finish rolling temperature
- [MV] is the line speed through which the hot rolled steel passes through the cooling water tank during the Temp core process, has a unit of meter / sec
- the coefficient 78 has units of MPa /%
- the coefficient 1000 has a value of MPa / Units
- coefficients 25.3 and 32.9 have units of MPa / weight%
- coefficient 0.0309 has units of 1 / C
- coefficient 1.2 has units of sec / meter
- the area fraction of the cured layer of the reinforcing bars may range from 35 to 50% of the total cross-sectional area.
- the linear velocity may range from 7 to 11 meters / sec.
- the billets were reheated, hot rolled and annealed under the process conditions of Table 2 to prepare specimens of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Examples 1 to 3.
- the carbon content is higher than the upper limit of the content range of carbon in the steel of the present invention.
- the carbon content is lower than the lower limit of the carbon content range of the steel of the present invention.
- the content of nickel is lower than the lower limit of the content range of nickel in the reinforcing bars of the present invention.
- the content of manganese is lower than the lower limit of the content range of manganese in the steel of the present invention.
- Table 3 shows the results of evaluating the mechanical properties of the specimens of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and Examples 1 to 3 prepared according to the conditions of Tables 1 and 2.
- the physical properties were evaluated by dividing them into room temperature characteristics and cryogenic characteristics at -170 ° C.
- the cryogenic characteristics were obtained by separately preparing specimens conforming to the European standard (EN14620-3), and performing tensile tests on the specimens.
- the tensile specimen for the evaluation of the cryogenic temperature characteristic the un-notched specimen and the notched specimen are prepared.
- the notched specimen according to the European standard (EN14620-3) may have a V-notch with an internal angle of 45 °, and the V-notch may have a radius of 0.25 mm at the base.
- the V-notch may be formed between the grip portions of the tensile tester at a position 1/2 of the length of the specimen.
- Table 3 shows the microstructure of the core of the rebar produced and shown.
- P is a representation of pearlite
- F is a notation of ferrite
- B is a representation of bainite
- the target value of the room temperature characteristic of the reinforcing bars disclosed in the present application is a yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa or more, a ratio of a tensile strength (TS) / a yield strength (YS) of 1.15 or more, and an elongation (EL) of 10% or more.
- the target value of the cryogenic characteristic is not less than 3% of the uniform elongation (UE_un) in the un-notched specimen at -170 ° C, and notch sensitive ratio (NSR) of not less than 1.0 at -170 ° C.
- the notch sensitivity ratio NSR may be a ratio of (tensile strength TS_n of notched specimen) / yield strength YS_un of unannotated specimen.
- the yield strength (YS_un) of the un-notched specimen means the yield strength of the tensile test conducted at -170 ° C for the un-notched specimen
- the tensile strength (TS_n) May refer to the tensile strength of a tensile test conducted at -170 ° C.
- the uniform elongation (UE_un) may mean the elongation to elongation of the un-notched specimen when the tensile test is performed at -170 DEG C for the un-notched specimen.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- the specimens satisfy a target value of a yield strength (YS) of 500 MPa or more, a tensile strength (TS) / yield strength (YS) I could do it.
- the specimens of Examples 1 to 3 may have a uniform elongation of not less than 3% at -170 ° C and a notch sensitive ratio of not less than 1.0 at -170 ° C.
- the notch sensitivity ratio may be a ratio of (tensile strength of notched specimen) / (yield strength of un-notched specimen).
- Comparative Example 3 is a case where the carbon content is relatively low as compared with the embodiment, and although it can satisfy the cryogenic characteristic, the effect of hardening the solid solution of carbon is insufficient, and the ferrite and bainite formation are not sufficient, It has not been achieved.
- Fig. 2 is a photograph of the structure of the central portion of the rebar according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- Fig. Fig. 3 is a photograph of the structure of the central portion of the rebar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a photograph of the structure of the specimen of Comparative Example 1
- Fig. 3 is a photograph of the structure of the specimen of Example 1.
- a composite structure of pearlite and ferrite was observed at the center of the specimen of Comparative Example 1, and a composite structure of bainite, needle-shaped ferrite and pearlite at the center of the specimen of Example 1 was observed Respectively. That is, in the case of the core portion of the reinforcing bar, it was observed that the specimen of Example 1 contained bainite as a low-temperature phase. It is believed that low temperature toughness and strength can be secured through this.
- the grain size of the grain of Example 1 was smaller than that of the test piece of Comparative Example 1.
- the specimen of Example 1 has a microstructure more than that of the specimen of Comparative Example 1, which is considered to be advantageous in preventing crack propagation.
- Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 7 and Example 4 are reinforcing bars (D13) specimens having a diameter of 13 mm.
- the repetition temperature is 500 ⁇ ⁇ , which is lower than the lower limit of the double heat temperature range in the manufacture of reinforcing bars according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the repetition temperature is 640 DEG C, which is higher than the upper limit value of the double heat temperature range in the case of manufacturing the reinforcing bars according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the remaining operating conditions are the same for Comparative Example 6, Comparative Example 7 and Example 4.
- Comparative Example 8 Comparative Examples 9 and 5 are reinforcing bars (D25) having a diameter of 25 mm.
- the repetition temperature is 500 ⁇ ⁇ , which is lower than the lower limit of the double heat temperature range in the case of manufacturing reinforcing bars according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the repetition temperature is 640 deg. C, which is higher than the upper limit of the double heat temperature range in the manufacture of reinforcing bars according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the remaining operating conditions are the same as those of Comparative Example 8, Comparative Example 9 and Example 5.
- Table 6 shows the results of the evaluation of the cured layer depth and mechanical properties for the specimens of Comparative Examples 6 to 9 and Examples 4 and 5 prepared according to the conditions of Tables 4 and 5.
- the depth of the hardened layer is the ratio of the depth of the tuppered martensite formed from the surface of each reinforcing specimen to the radius of the reinforcing bars for the rebar specimens of Comparative Examples 6 to 9 and 4 and 5 manufactured.
- the mechanical properties were evaluated by the room temperature characteristics and the cryogenic characteristics at -170 °C.
- the cryogenic characteristics were obtained by separately preparing specimens conforming to the European standard (EN14620-3), and performing tensile tests on the specimens. As the tensile specimen for the evaluation of the cryogenic temperature characteristic, the un-notched specimen and the notched specimen are prepared.
- the notched specimen according to the European standard may have a V-notch with an internal angle of 45 °, and the V-notch may have a radius of 0.25 mm at the base.
- the V-notch may be formed between the grip portions of the tensile tester at a position 1/2 of the length of the specimen.
- the room temperature characteristics of the specimens of Comparative Examples 6, 7 and Example 4 were evaluated in terms of tensile strength (TS) / yield strength (tensile strength YS) ratio of 1.15 or more.
- TS tensile strength
- YS yield strength
- the tensile strength (TS_n) of the notched specimen was 911 MPa
- the tensile strength (TS_n) of the notched specimen was 810 MPa
- the uniform elongation (UE_un) was 9.0%
- NSR Notch Sensitivity
- TS TS / yield strength (YS) at room temperature in the case of the specimen of Comparative Example 8, in which the double-reflex temperature is lower than the lower limit of the double-heating temperature of the present invention, Of the target value of 1.15 or more.
- the target value of the room temperature yield strength of 500 MPa or more was not achieved.
- all the target values of the room temperature characteristics were satisfied.
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Abstract
Description
화학성분(wt%) | |||||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Cu | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | |
비교예1 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.026 | 0.024 | 0.015 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
비교예2 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 1.55 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
비교예3 | 0.035 | 0.12 | 1.58 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.63 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
비교예4 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 1.55 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
비교예5 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
실시예1 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 1.83 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.59 | 0.12 | 0.01 |
실시예2 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 1.55 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
실시예3 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 1.58 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.62 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
재가열온도(℃) | 마무리압연온도(℃) | 복열온도(℃) | |
비교예1 | 1100 | 1020 | 585 |
비교예2 | |||
비교예3 | |||
비교예4 | |||
비교예5 | |||
실시예1 | |||
실시예2 | |||
실시예3 |
상온 특성 | 극저온 특성 (-170℃) | 중심부 미세조직 | |||||||
YS(MPa) | TS (MPa) | TS/YS | EL (%) | YS_un(MPa) | UE_un(%) | TS_n(MPa) | NSR | ||
비교예1 | 575 | 690 | 1.20 | 12.5 | 822 | 4.1 | 756 | 0.92 | P+F |
비교예2 | 542 | 623 | 1.15 | 13.6 | 813 | 6.2 | 846 | 0.96 | F+B+P |
비교예3 | 466 | 513 | 1.10 | 15.3 | 717 | 10.1 | 739 | 1.03 | F+P |
비교예4 | 481 | 504 | 1.05 | 12.5 | 739 | 8.5 | 717 | 0.97 | F+B+P |
비교예5 | 457 | 512 | 1.12 | 13.6 | 742 | 9.3 | 705 | 0.95 | F+P |
실시예1 | 553 | 674 | 1.22 | 13.4 | 810 | 9.0 | 911 | 1.12 | F+B+P |
실시예2 | 561 | 671 | 1.20 | 15.9 | 815 | 9.0 | 902 | 1.11 | F+P+P |
실시예3 | 570 | 676 | 1.19 | 16.9 | 836 | 10.2 | 920 | 1.10 | F+B+P |
화학성분(wt%) | |||||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Al | Mo | Ni | Cu | Cr | N | |
성분계 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 1.83 | 0.0090 | 0.0090 | 0.015 | 0.12 | 0.59 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.01 |
규격(직경) | 조업 조건 | ||||||
재가열온도(℃)도 | 마무리압연온도(℃) | 냉각수량(m3/hr) | 수압(Bar) | 선속(meter/sec) | 복열온도(℃) | ||
비교예6 | D13 | 1050 | 950 | 1005 | 5.4 | 6.8 | 500 |
실시예4 | D13 | 1050 | 950 | 1005 | 5.4 | 10.5 | 570 |
비교예7 | D13 | 1050 | 950 | 1005 | 5.4 | 12.5 | 640 |
비교예8 | D25 | 1200 | 1000 | 1200 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 500 |
실시예5 | D25 | 1200 | 1000 | 1200 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 595 |
비교예9 | D25 | 1200 | 1000 | 1200 | 6.0 | 11.4 | 640 |
경화층 깊이(반지름비) | 상온 특성 | 극저온 특성 (-170℃) | |||||||
YS (MPa) | TS (MPa) | TS/YS | EL (%) | YS_un(MPa) | UE_un(%) | TS_n(MPa) | NSR | ||
비교예6 | 0.57 | 631 | 712 | 1.13 | 12.4 | - | - | - | - |
실시예4 | 0.38 | 553 | 677 | 1.22 | 13.4 | 810 | 9.0 | 911 | 1.12 |
비교예7 | 0.24 | 490 | 588 | 1.2 | 14.2 | - | - | - | - |
비교예8 | 0.65 | 644 | 728 | 1.13 | 14.1 | - | - | - | - |
실시예5 | 0.47 | 570 | 676 | 1.19 | 16.9 | 836 | 10.2 | 920 | 1.10 |
비교예9 | 0.29 | 496 | 595 | 1.20 | 17.7 | - | - | - | - |
Claims (9)
- 탄소(C) 0.06 중량% 내지 0.11 중량%, 실리콘(Si) 0 초과 0.25 중량% 이하, 망간(Mn) 0.8 중량% 이상 2.0 중량% 미만, 인(P) 0 초과 0.01 중량% 이하, 황(S) 0 초과 0.01 중량% 이하, 알루미늄(Al) 0.01 내지 0.03 중량%, 니켈(Ni) 0.50 내지 1.00 중량%, 몰리브덴(Mo) 0.027 내지 0.125 중량%, 크롬(Cr) 0 초과 0.25 중량% 이하, 구리(Cu) 0 초과 0.28 중량% 이하, 질소(N) 0 초과 0.01 중량% 이하, 및 나머지 철(Fe)과 불가피한 불순물로 이루어지며,철근은 표층부와 상기 표층부를 제외한 중심부를 구비하되,상기 철근은 상기 표층부에서 실질적으로 템퍼드 마르텐사이트로 이루어지는 경화층을 구비하고, 상기 중심부에서 베이나이트, 페라이트 및 펄라이트의 복합 조직을 가지는철근.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 중심부에서 면적분율로 35 내지 45%의 베이나이트, 45 내지 55%의 침상페라이트 및 5 내지 15%의 펄라이트를 포함하는철근.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상온에서 항복강도(YS) 500MPa 이상, 인장강도(TS)/항복강도(YS)의 비가 1.15 이상 및 연신율 10% 이상을 만족하며,-170 ℃에서 언노치 시편에서의 균일 연신율 3% 이상, -170℃ 에서 노치 민감율(Notch Sensitive Ratio)이 1.0 이상이며,상기 노치 민감율은 (노치 시편의 인장강도) / (언노치 시편의 항복강도)의 비인철근.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 경화층은 상기 철근의 표면으로부터, 상기 철근의 반지름 길이의0.31 내지 0.55에 대응되는 깊이를 가지는철근.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 중심부에서 상기 페라이트는 9 내지 11㎛의 결정립 크기를 가지는철근.
- 탄소(C) 0.06 중량% 내지 0.11 중량%, 실리콘(Si) 0 초과 0.25 중량% 이하, 망간(Mn) 0.8 중량% 이상 2.0 중량% 미만, 인(P) 0 초과 0.01 중량% 이하, 황(S) 0 초과 0.01 중량% 이하, 알루미늄(Al) 0.01 내지 0.03 중량%, 니켈(Ni) 0.50 내지 1.00 중량%, 몰리브덴(Mo) 0.027 내지 0.125 중량%, 크롬(Cr) 0 초과 0.25 중량% 이하, 구리(Cu) 0 초과 0.28 중량% 이하, 질소(N) 0 초과 0.01 중량% 이하, 및 나머지 철(Fe)과 불가피한 불순물로 이루어지는 주편을 1030℃ 내지 1250℃에서 재가열하는 단계;상기 재가열된 주편을 920℃ 내지 1030℃의 마무리 압연 온도로 열간압연하여 철근을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 열간압연된 철근을 템프코어 공정을 거쳐 상기 철근의 표면 온도를 마르텐사이트 변태시작온도(Ms) 이하로 냉각하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 템프코어 공정은 상기 철근을 520℃ 내지 600℃에서 복열하는 단계를 포함하는철근의 제조 방법.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 마무리 압연 온도는 하기의 식의 조건에 따르는마무리 압연 온도(℃) < (850 + 0.80*Ae1 / 12.0*[C] + 5.8*[Mn] + 35.0*[Ni])- Ae3(이때, Ae1 및 Ae3는 각각 온도(℃) 단위를 가지며, [C]는 주편 내 탄소의 함량이며 단위는 중량% 이며, [Mn]은 주편 내 망간의 함량이며 단위는 중량% 이며, [Ni]은 주편 내 니켈의 함량이며 단위는 중량%이며, 계수 0.8은 무계수이며, 계수 12.0, 및 5.8은 1/중량%의 단위를 가지며, 상수 850은 온도(℃) 단위를 가짐.)철근의 제조 방법.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 철근은표층부와 상기 표층부를 제외한 중심부를 구비하되,상기 표층부에서 실질적으로 템퍼드 마르텐사이트로 이루어지는 경화층을 구비하며,상기 중심부에서 면적분율로 35 내지 45%의 베이나이트, 45 내지 55%의 침상페라이트 및 5 내지 15%의 펄라이트를 포함하는철근의 제조 방법.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 제조된 철근은 상온에서 항복강도(YS) 500MPa 이상, 인장강도(TS)/항복강도(YS)의 비가 1.15 이상 및 연신율 10% 이상을 만족하며,-170 ℃에서 언노치 시편에서의 균일 연신율 3% 이상, -170℃ 에서 노치 민감율(Notch Sensitive Ratio)이 1.0 이상이며,상기 노치 민감율은 (노치 시편의 인장강도) / (언노치 시편의 항복강도)의 비인철근의 제조 방법.
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CN113278868A (zh) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-20 | 石横特钢集团有限公司 | 一种耐氯离子腐蚀钢筋用坯冶炼工艺及其生产方法 |
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AU2018395571A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
US20200347480A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
AU2018395571B2 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
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