WO2019127617A1 - 全直流升降压输送电系统及方法 - Google Patents

全直流升降压输送电系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019127617A1
WO2019127617A1 PCT/CN2018/000407 CN2018000407W WO2019127617A1 WO 2019127617 A1 WO2019127617 A1 WO 2019127617A1 CN 2018000407 W CN2018000407 W CN 2018000407W WO 2019127617 A1 WO2019127617 A1 WO 2019127617A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
cable
series
switch
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/000407
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯良桓
冯烺
Original Assignee
冯良桓
冯烺
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 冯良桓, 冯烺 filed Critical 冯良桓
Priority to EP18895508.2A priority Critical patent/EP3734794A4/en
Publication of WO2019127617A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127617A1/zh
Priority to US16/914,929 priority patent/US11362525B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a power transmission system and its key technologies.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the VSC-HVDC transmission technology has been developed to date and has made great progress. It shows many advantages over thyristor valve converter DC transmission, and also shows a greater advantage than AC transmission. For example, power transmission is more stable.
  • the allowable operating voltage of cable insulation for DC is twice as high as that for AC.
  • the DC transmission control system has fast response, precise adjustment, convenient operation, and multi-target control. Under the condition that the useful power is equal, the power loss of the DC line is about 2/3 of that of the AC line, and the transmission efficiency of the line corridor of the DC transmission can be twice or more than that of the AC line.
  • the investment in the direct current transmission converter station accounts for a large proportion, making the construction cost of the direct current transmission line very expensive. Therefore, it is very important to promote the development of VSC-HVDC transmission technology.
  • the invention adopts a battery pack as a main component, and uses a connection mode change, and the battery pack is configured to be connected in parallel to receive low voltage charging at one end, and then changed into a series connection to obtain a high voltage to transmit power to the remote end; at the far end, the battery pack is configured to be charged in series, Then split into several individual battery packs, parallel combination of several battery packs, series combination of several battery packs to supply power to various types of loads; each of the above two connection modes is restored, and thus reciprocated, thereby achieving direct current Storage, boost, power, buck and power. All processes no longer require AC/DC conversion, so they are called full DC buck-boost transmission systems.
  • the invention provides a kit of methods for this purpose.
  • the invention provides a complete set of methods for the full DC buck-boost transmission electric system, the main points of which are as follows:
  • the main body of the booster station is a charging series stack consisting of a certain number of battery packs, and hardware and software for servicing the series reactor.
  • Charging series reactor - consists of a certain number (number of grid voltage and battery pack specifications) model, nominal voltage, rated capacity of the same battery pack. All battery packs are connected in parallel to receive a DC power supply.
  • the DC power source can be a photovoltaic power station, a fuel cell power station, a direct output direct current wind power generator, a direct current rectified DC power source from a hydropower station, an AC rectified DC power source from a thermal power station, and a hydroelectric and thermal power DC generator.
  • After charging, all battery packs are connected in series to become a high-voltage power supply.
  • remote power transmission is performed, that is, the discharge process of the battery pack is entered. After the discharge is completed, all the battery packs are disconnected from the high-voltage power grid, and the connection is changed again.
  • the mode is parallel and accepts low voltage charging of the primary power supply. So use it back and forth.
  • Boost station hardware A facility that has the above functions for the battery pack.
  • the utility model comprises a fixing mechanism and a device adapted to the installation of the battery pack, a function of realizing series connection, parallel connection and serial-parallel interchange of the battery group, and a cable, an interface, a switch and a conversion for realizing functions of charging the series reactor and the power grid, the DC power source and the ground wire connection. Switches, power diodes, ground wires, etc.
  • the nominal voltage and optimal charging current of the battery pack of the charging series reactor should be determined by the output voltage and current of the above DC power supply, and also determined by the grid voltage. The specific relationship is as follows:
  • the optimal charging current I b and the number n of the battery pack are preferably the current I of the output of the primary DC power supply.
  • the main body of the step-down station is a battery pack that is composed of a certain number of battery packs, and hardware and software that serves the strings of the battery pack being charged.
  • the battery pack to be charged consists of a battery pack of the same number (the number is determined by the grid voltage, load demand and battery pack specifications) and the charge and discharge characteristics are the same as the optimum charge current. All battery packs are connected in series to the high voltage grid to be charged. After charging, all battery packs are disconnected from the high-voltage grid, or each becomes a DC power source to load (electrical appliances), power consumers, or parallel to a low-voltage high-current power supply to supply power to the load, or to connect DC power supplies of different voltages in series , micro-grid, distributed power grid, local power grid supply; after the discharge, all battery packs are disconnected from the load and load grid, and the connection mode is changed again in series, and the high-voltage grid is charged. So use it back and forth.
  • Bucking station hardware It includes fixed mechanism and device suitable for battery pack installation, which realizes functions such as series connection, parallel connection, series-parallel interchange, etc. of rechargeable battery packs, realizes functions such as splitting and combination of charged battery packs, and realizes Cables, interfaces, switches, transfer switches, ground wires, etc. for charging battery strings and functions such as power grid, load, and ground connection. These facilities will ensure that the battery pack in the station can be charged as soon as it is properly installed, or connected to the load, the user can supply power, and the battery pack can be replaced or updated as needed.
  • the nominal voltage and rated capacity of the battery pack of the battery pack being charged and the optimum charging current are determined by the following conditions:
  • the battery pack selection is not limited by the battery pack specifications of the rechargeable series stack.
  • the optimal charging current of all battery packs must be the same. Their nominal voltage and rated capacity can be different. However, the voltage type and current intensity nominal value and number of the battery pack to be charged should be determined by the type of load and its number.
  • the total voltage V bc of the charged battery string is
  • V w is the output voltage of the local high voltage power grid.
  • the charged battery packs constitute a series stack, a parallel combination, and a battery pack according to load requirements.
  • Figures 1-1, 1-2A, 1-2B, and 1-2C show schematic diagrams of a full DC buck-boost transmission system consisting of a booster station and a step-down station.
  • the situation depicted in Figures 1-1 is that the DC power source is charging the charging series stack.
  • the charged battery strings are neither connected to the grid nor to the load; some of them will supply power to the load in series, some will supply power to the load in parallel, and one battery pack will separately supply power to the load.
  • the situation depicted in Figures 1-2A is that the charging series stack has been coupled to the high voltage grid for power transmission to the remote end.
  • the charged battery pack is also connected to the high voltage grid to receive charging.
  • the situation depicted in Figures 1-2B is that the charging series stack is divided into three sub-stacks (the same number of battery packs) to be connected to the high voltage grid for power transmission.
  • the condition described in FIG. 1-2C is that the charging series reactor is reduced to the parallel connection of all the battery packs, and the DC power source is again charged; and the charged battery string is changed and connected to become three power sources, and one is a series connection of a plurality of battery packs.
  • the battery pack can be connected in series to meet the voltage requirements and connected to the DC grid to become a DC power supply. That is to say, a total high-voltage boosting station can be formed by several low-voltage boosting stations in series, the former being called a sub-boosting station and the latter being called a combined boosting station. Each sub-boost station has its own primary power supply to charge itself. These several primary power supplies can be in different locations, and of course they can be power supplies of different natures. The number of battery packs in the combined booster station is determined by the grid voltage and the nominal voltage of the battery pack.
  • Figures 1-3 and Figures 1-4 show schematic diagrams of the structure and state of a combined booster station.
  • type A battery packs, type B battery packs, and C-type battery packs are defined as follows:
  • the A-type battery pack is an ordinary battery pack without any devices or accessories.
  • the booster station and the step-down station should be equipped with a single-pole, single-throw switch for its positive pole and a single-pole, double-throw switch for its negative pole.
  • the B-type battery pack is shown in Figures 1-6.
  • a diode is added to the positive pole of the ordinary battery pack to allow current to flow into the battery pack to prevent current from flowing out.
  • One of the throws causes the positive pole to be connected to the diode to allow the battery pack to be charged; the other throw is coupled to the load, and the throw and the positive pole are connected to allow the battery pack to supply power to the load.
  • the buck station should be equipped with a single-pole, single-throw switch for its positive pole and a single-pole, double-throw switch for its negative pole.
  • the C-type battery pack is equipped with a diode in the negative pole of the ordinary battery pack. Its function is to allow current to flow out of the battery pack and prevent current from flowing in.
  • the buck station should be equipped with a single pole double throw switch for its positive pole and a single pole single throw switch for its negative pole.
  • the present invention proposes a cable and switch connection circuit diagram in the booster station, as shown in Figure 2-1 and its description.
  • the type A battery pack has been constructed as a charging series reactor, and the power grid is connected to the grid to transmit power.
  • the invention proposes a method of changing a series of switch coupling positions, so that all the batteries are connected in parallel, the positive pole is connected with the DC power source, and the negative pole is connected with the ground wire to receive low voltage charging, as shown in FIG. 2-2 and its description.
  • the present invention proposes that after the end of charging of the charged battery pack formed by the A-type battery pack, there are three typical connection modes - a single battery pack, a parallel combination of battery packs, and a battery pack in series - to supply power to the load.
  • the specific wiring diagram and implementation process will be given below.
  • the present invention proposes a cable and switch connection circuit diagram of the A-type battery pack and the corresponding step-down station, as shown in Figure 3-1-1 and its description.
  • all of the battery packs are connected in series to form a battery pack to be charged.
  • the battery string is connected to the high voltage interface, the diode is turned on, and all the battery packs are charged. This diode prevents the charged battery string from being sent to the high voltage grid.
  • the present invention proposes a circuit diagram and an implementation method for how a plurality of battery packs are connected to form a parallel group cooperative power source in the A-type charged battery pack. See Figure 3-3-1 and its description.
  • the present invention proposes a connection line when the A-type rechargeable battery pack is being charged, see Figure 3-2-1 and its description.
  • a circuit diagram and a corresponding implementation of how a portion of the battery packs are connected to the series stack after the end of charging of the type A rechargeable battery string is also presented, as shown in Figure 3-2-2 and its description.
  • connection circuit diagram proposed by the present invention can charge the A-type charged battery pack string, and after charging, constitutes a series of DC power supplies and a parallel combination of DC power supplies, each of which has its own load. powered by. See Figure 3-2-3 and its description.
  • the B-type battery pack defined by the present invention may also have three typical connection modes after the charging of the battery pack being charged, like the A-type battery pack, a parallel combination of a single battery pack and a battery pack. Battery pack in series - powering the load.
  • the specific circuit diagram and implementation method will be given below.
  • the present invention proposes a cable and switch connection circuit diagram of a B-type battery pack and a corresponding step-down station, as shown in Figure 4-1-1 and its description.
  • all of the battery packs are connected in series to form a battery pack to be charged.
  • the switch 83 directly turns on the high voltage interface, and all the battery packs are charged.
  • the switch 83 is turned off; changing the throwing position of the switches of the positive and negative terminals of each battery pack, each battery pack independently supplies its own load, see Figure 4-1-2 and its description.
  • the present invention proposes a circuit diagram and an implementation method for how a plurality of battery packs are connected to form a parallel group cooperative power source in the B-type charged battery pack string after charging is completed.
  • the feature is that the step-down station needs to provide a bypass cable for the positive pole of the B-type battery pack.
  • the bypass cable is suspended, as shown in Figure 4-2-1 and its description.
  • the positive pole and the bypass cable are connected, and the negative pole is connected to the ground line to realize parallel power supply, as shown in Fig. 4-2-2 and its description.
  • connection circuit diagram proposed by the present invention can charge the B-type charged battery pack string, and after charging, constitutes a series of DC power supply and a parallel combined DC power supply, each of which has its own load. powered by. See Figure 4-4-1 and Figure 4-4-2, and their descriptions.
  • the C-type battery pack defined by the present invention may also be, like the A-type battery pack, after being configured to be charged by the rechargeable battery pack, there are three typical connection modes - a parallel combination of a single battery pack and a battery pack, Battery pack in series - powering the load.
  • the specific circuit diagram and implementation method will be given below.
  • the present invention proposes a cable and switch connection circuit diagram of a C-type battery pack and a corresponding step-down station, as shown in Fig. 5-1-1 and its description.
  • all of the battery packs are connected in series to form a battery pack to be charged.
  • the throwing positions of the switches of the positive and negative poles of each battery pack are changed, and each battery pack independently supplies power to its own load, as shown in Figure 5-1-2 and its description.
  • the present invention proposes a circuit diagram and an implementation method for how a plurality of battery packs are connected to form a parallel group cooperative power source in a C-type battery pack to be charged. See Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2 and their description.
  • a part of the C-type battery pack constitutes a series reactor to supply power to the load, and the corresponding circuit diagram is proposed in the present invention.
  • the characteristic is that the step-down station should provide a bypass cable for the negative pole of the battery pack, as shown in Figure 5-3-1 and its description.
  • the negative pole of the previous battery pack is coupled to the positive pole of the latter battery pack via a bypass cable to supply power to the load in series, see Figure 5-3-2 and its description.
  • connection circuit diagram proposed by the present invention can charge the C-type charged battery pack string, and after charging, constitutes a series of DC power supplies and parallel DC power supplies, each of which has its own load. powered by. See Figure 5-4-1 and Figure 5-4-2, and their descriptions.
  • the present invention proposes an online detachment mode of a B-type battery pack and a C-type battery pack during charging. After the detachment, the battery pack can be moved away from the installation position, or the DC power supply is not moved away from the installation position to supply power to the load. See Figure 6-1, Figure 6-2, and their description.
  • the "full DC buck-boost transmission system” proposed by the present invention actually describes "open-type full-DC buck-boost power station and transmission grid".
  • the full DC high voltage power transmission and transformation grid is not only a charging series reactor stepping station corresponding to a charged battery string stepping station mode, but can be connected to multiple charging series reactor boosting stations, accepting A grid of multiple battery packs that are connected to the buck station.
  • the second characteristic is that the primary power supply for maintaining the power grid is not directly connected to the high voltage power grid. Therefore, the power feeding of the primary power source of different types and different power generation amounts can be accepted, and the power feeding of the primary power source of the intermittent power generation and the random power generation can be completely tolerated.
  • the third characteristic is that the electrical appliances and the secondary power grid are not directly connected to the high voltage power grid, and their working states or faults do not interact with the operation of the high voltage power grid.
  • the present invention proposes a structural mode, a working mode and an embodiment of an "open type full DC buck-boost power station and a transmission power grid", see Figures 7-1, 7-2, and its description.
  • the booster station should have two or more sets of charging series reactors in order to receive the power supply of the primary power supply in turn.
  • two or more sets of rechargeable battery strings should be installed to provide power in turn, without interruption.
  • the primary power supply of intermittent power generation and random power generation will have the following conditions when charging the charging series reactor: (1) When the charging series reactor is fully charged, stop charging and connect it to the grid; if the primary power supply is still In generating electricity, the other (or alternate) charging series reactor is charged. (2) If the primary power supply has stopped generating power and the charging series reactor is not fully charged, the charging series reactor may be allowed to continue charging when the primary power source is generated next time; or, if the uncharged charging series reactor reaches the grid requirement The voltage standard can also be connected to the grid for power transmission without waiting for continued charging.
  • GYDL High voltage cable (high voltage grid).
  • K01 Switch 01, single pole double throw, horizontally connected with DC power supply, all battery packs are connected in parallel for charging;
  • K03 switch 03, single pole single throw, horizontal and high voltage cable disconnected.
  • DL0 cable 0;
  • DL8 cable 8.
  • ZLJK1 DC interface 1.
  • the interface connected to the DC power source is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack 00 or the like.
  • FZJK1 load interface 1, the battery pack series reactor as the interface between the power supply and the load, not connected to the positive pole of the battery pack
  • FZJK2 load interface 2
  • the battery pack is connected in parallel as the interface between the power supply and the load, and is not connected with the positive pole of the battery pack
  • FZJK3 Load interface 3
  • the battery pack acts as the interface between the power supply and the load, and is not connected to the positive pole of the battery pack.
  • XDCZ00 Battery pack 00, no fill color, indicating that charging is accepted after discharge, all battery packs are connected in parallel;
  • XDCZ11 Battery pack 11, no fill color, indicating that it is not charged and charged.
  • GYDL High voltage cable (high voltage grid).
  • K01 Switch 01, the cable 0 is connected to the high voltage cable in the longitudinal direction, all the battery packs are connected in series to become the high voltage power supply;
  • K03 the switch 03, the cable 8 is connected to the high voltage cable in the longitudinal direction, and all the battery packs are charged in series.
  • DL0 cable 0;
  • DL8 cable 8.
  • ZLJK1 DC interface 1. The interface to the DC power supply is not connected to the battery pack.
  • FZJK1 load interface 1, battery pack series reactor as the interface between power supply and load, not connected to battery pack
  • FZJK2 load interface 2
  • battery pack in parallel as the interface between power supply and load, not connected to battery pack
  • FZJK3 load interface 3.
  • the battery pack acts as the interface between the power supply and the load and is not connected to the battery pack.
  • XDCZ00 Battery pack 00, filled with gray, indicating that it is fully charged, and all battery packs are connected in series
  • XDCZ11 Battery pack 11, no fill color, indicating that it is being charged, all battery packs are connected in series.
  • GYDL High voltage cable (high voltage grid).
  • K01 Switch 01, the cable 0 is connected to the high voltage cable in the longitudinal direction; K03: the switch 03, the cable 8 is connected to the high voltage cable in the longitudinal direction, and all the battery packs are charged in series.
  • DL0 cable 0; DL8: cable 8.
  • CDCLD-1 charging series reactor 1, the number of battery packs in the stack is one-third of the total, connected to the high-voltage cable through switch 01, and powers the grid
  • CDCLD-2 charging series reactor 2, battery in the stack The number of groups is one-third of the total, waiting to be connected to the high-voltage cable
  • CDCLD-3 charging the serial stack 3, the number of battery packs in the stack is one-third of the total, waiting to be connected to the high-voltage cable.
  • ZLJK1 DC interface 1. The interface to the DC power supply is not connected to the battery pack.
  • FZJK1 load interface 1, battery pack series reactor as the interface between power supply and load, not connected to battery pack
  • FZJK2 load interface 2
  • battery pack in parallel as the interface between power supply and load, not connected to battery pack
  • FZJK3 load interface 3.
  • the battery pack acts as the interface between the power supply and the load and is not connected to the battery pack.
  • XDCZ00 Battery pack 00, filled with gray, indicating that it is fully charged and can be powered or can be powered. All battery packs of each sub-stack are connected in series; XDCZ11: Battery pack 11, no fill color, indicating that it is being charged, all battery packs are In series.
  • GYDL High voltage cable (high voltage grid).
  • K01 Switch 01, horizontally connected to DC power supply; K03: Switch 03, disconnected horizontally from high voltage cable.
  • DL0 cable 0; DL8: cable 8.
  • ZLJK1 DC interface 1.
  • the interface to the DC power supply is connected to the positive pole of all battery packs 00.
  • FZJK1 load interface 1, battery pack series reactor as the interface between power supply and load, has been connected with the first battery pack positive pole of a battery pack series
  • FZJK2 load interface 2
  • battery pack parallel combination as the interface between power supply and load, The first battery pack that has been combined in parallel with a battery pack is connected positively
  • FZJK3 load interface 3
  • the battery pack acts as the interface between the power supply and the load, and is connected to the positive pole of a battery pack.
  • XDCZ00 Battery pack 00, no fill color, indicating that charging is accepted, all battery packs are connected in parallel;
  • XDCZ11 battery pack 11, filled with gray, indicating that it is fully charged; the battery packs in the series of battery packs are connected in series, in parallel combination The battery packs are connected in parallel.
  • GYJK5 High voltage interface 5.
  • CDCLD-ZD1 Charging series stack-sub-stack 1
  • CDCLD-ZD2 Charging series stack-sub-stack 2
  • CDCLD-ZD3 Charging series stack-sub-stack 3.
  • DL00 Cable 00, cable connecting charging series reactor-sub-stack 1 and switch 85 or DC interface 2; DL01: cable 01, connecting charging series reactor-sub-stack 2 and switch 86 or DC interface 3 cable; DL02: cable 02 , connecting the cable of the series reactor-sub-stack 3 and the switch 87 or the DC interface 4; DL20: cable 20, connecting the cable connecting the charging series reactor-sub-stack 1 and the charging series reactor-sub-stack 2; DL21: cable 21, connection A cable that charges the series reactor-sub-stack 2 and the charging series-sub-stack 3 is connected.
  • K85 Switch 85, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect cable 00 with high voltage interface; K86: switch 86, single pole double throw, longitudinally make cable 20 and cable 01 connected; K87: switch 87, single pole double throw, longitudinal cable 21 is connected to cable 02; K93: switch 93, single pole double throw, horizontally to the right to connect the battery pack negative terminal at the end of the charge series stack-sub-stack 1 to the cable 20; K94: switch 94, single pole double throw, horizontally to the right The battery pack negative pole at the end of the charging series reactor-sub-stack 2 is coupled to the cable 21. And the negative poles of all battery packs are connected to the positive pole of the next battery pack.
  • GYJK5 High voltage interface 5.
  • CDCLD-ZD1 Charging series stack-sub-stack 1
  • CDCLD-ZD2 Charging series stack-sub-stack 2
  • CDCLD-ZD3 Charging series stack-sub-stack 3.
  • DL00 cable 00
  • the switches on the cable are all turned on to ensure that the battery packs of the charging series reactor-sub-stack 1 are connected in parallel
  • DL01 cable 01
  • the switches on the cable are all turned on to ensure the charging series reactor-sub-stack
  • the battery packs of 2 are connected in parallel
  • DL02 cable 02
  • the switches on the cable are all turned on to ensure that the battery packs of the series reactor-sub-stack 3 are connected in parallel
  • DL20 cable 20
  • DL21 cable 21.
  • K85 switch 85, connecting cable 00 to DC interface 2 in the horizontal direction; K86: switch 86, connecting cable 01 to DC interface 3 in the lateral direction; K87: switch 87, connecting cable 02 to DC interface 4 in the lateral direction; K93: switch 93,
  • the battery pack negative pole at the end of the charging series reactor-sub-stack 1 is connected to the ground line laterally to the left; K94: switch 94, laterally to the left connects the battery pack negative pole at the end of the charging series stack-sub-stack 2 to the ground. And the negative poles of all battery packs are connected to the ground.
  • FIG. 1-5 Schematic diagram of type A battery pack
  • XDCZ-1 A type battery pack, indicated by the dotted line, consists of many common batteries connected in parallel and in series; DJ1: battery pack positive; DJ2: battery pack negative.
  • K11 Switch 11, single pole double throw
  • K12 switch 12, single pole and triple throw. Both are switches set up by the booster or buck station for the A-type battery pack.
  • XDCZ-2 B-type battery pack, indicated by the dashed box, consists of many common batteries connected in parallel and in series. There are the following attachments:
  • DJ1 positive battery pack
  • DJ2 negative battery pack
  • EJ1 diode 1 (or other electronic device that only allows unidirectional conduction), installed before the positive pole of the B-type battery pack, turned on
  • K20 switch 20, single-pole double Throw is the switch between the positive pole of the battery pack and the diode 1.
  • K61 switch 61, single pole double throw
  • K62 switch 62, single pole triple throw. Both are switches that the buck station sets for the B-type battery pack.
  • FIG. 1-7 Schematic diagram of a C-type battery pack
  • XDCZ-3 C-type battery pack, indicated by the dashed box, consists of many common batteries connected in parallel and in series. There are the following attachments:
  • DJ1 positive battery pack
  • DJ2 negative battery pack
  • EJ2 Diode 2 (or other electronic device that only allows unidirectional conduction), is mounted on the negative side of the C-type battery pack and is turned up.
  • K30 Switch 30, single-pole three-throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 2.
  • K91 Switch 91, single pole double throw
  • K92 switch 92, single pole and triple throw. Both are switches that the buck station sets for the C-type battery pack.
  • FIG. 2-1 A-type charging series reactor of the booster station for high-voltage power transmission
  • GYJK1 High voltage interface 1, connected to high voltage cable.
  • EJ Diode.
  • a protection diode between the charging series reactor of the type A battery pack and the high voltage power grid is turned upward.
  • ZLJK1 DC interface 1, connected to DC power supply.
  • K01 Switch 01, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect cable 0 to high voltage cable; K11: switch 11, single pole single throw, longitudinally connect battery positive pole with cable 0; K12: switch 12, single pole double throw, longitudinal battery The negative pole of the group is connected to the cable 2; K13: the switch 13, single pole single throw, the positive pole of the battery pack is connected to the cable 2 in the longitudinal direction; K14: the switch 14 is single pole double throw, and the negative pole of the last battery pack and the ground line 1 are laterally Turn on; K51: switch 51, single pole single throw, when opened, the battery is composed in series.
  • GYJK1 High voltage interface 1.
  • EJ Diode.
  • a type A battery pack consists of a protection diode between the charging series reactor and the high voltage grid, which conducts upwards; ZLJK1.
  • DC interface connected to a low voltage DC power supply.
  • K01 Switch 01, connect cable DL0 to DC interface 1 in the horizontal direction, accept DC power supply; K11: Switch 11, keep battery pack positive and cable 1 connected; K12: Switch 12, connect battery pack negative pole to ground 1 K13: switch 13, keep the positive pole of the battery pack and cable 2 connected; K14: switch 14, keep the negative pole of the last battery pack connected to ground 1; K51: switch 51, turn on laterally, connect the positive pole of the battery pack in parallel .
  • Figure 3-1-1 Type A rechargeable battery pack of the step-down station is charged
  • GYJK8 High voltage interface 8. Connected to high voltage cable.
  • EJ Diode. The protection diode between the type A charged battery string and the high voltage power grid is turned down.
  • FZJK0 load interface 0; FZJK4: load interface 4; FZJK5: load interface 5.
  • DL8 Cable 8. Connection cable between switch 81 and battery pack; DL9: cable 9. Connection cable between battery packs.
  • K15 Switch 15, single pole double throw, longitudinally make the battery pack positive pole and electricity 8 connected;
  • K16 switch 16, single pole double throw, longitudinally make the battery pack negative pole and cable 9 connected;
  • K17 switch 17, single pole double throw, vertical The positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the electric power 9;
  • K18 the switch 18 is single-pole double-throw, and the negative pole of the end battery pack is connected to the ground wire in the horizontal direction.
  • K71 Switch 71, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged.
  • FIG. 3-1-2 The type A of the step-down station is charged by the rechargeable battery pack
  • GYJK8 High voltage interface 8.
  • EJ Diode, the protection diode between the charged battery string formed by the A-type battery pack and the high-voltage grid, is turned on.
  • K81 Switch 81 disconnects the cable DL8 from the high voltage interface and laterally to the load interface 0.
  • FZJK0 load interface 0
  • FZJK4 load interface 4, equivalent to load interface 0 in this figure
  • FZJK5 load interface 5.
  • DL8 cable 8, connection cable between switch 81 and battery pack
  • DL9 cable 9. Connection cable between battery packs.
  • K15 switch 15, laterally makes the positive pole of the battery pack connected to the load interface 4, and can also maintain the longitudinal direction;
  • K16: switch 16 laterally connects the negative pole of the battery pack to the ground 2;
  • K18: the switch 18 is kept in the lateral direction so that the negative pole of the terminal battery pack is connected to the ground.
  • Figure 3-1-3 The type A of the step-down station is charged by the rechargeable battery pack and then connected in parallel for power supply.
  • GYJK8 High voltage interface 8.
  • EJ Diode, the protection diode between the charged battery string formed by the A-type battery pack and the high-voltage grid, is turned on.
  • K81 The switch 81 disconnects the cable 8 from the high voltage interface laterally and is connected laterally to the load interface 0.
  • FZJK0 load interface 0
  • FZJK4 load interface 4, equivalent to load interface 0 in this figure
  • FZJK10 load interface 10.
  • DL8 cable 8, connection cable between switch 81 and battery pack
  • DL89 cable 89.
  • the battery pack is connected in parallel with the rear battery pack (represented by the dashed box);
  • DL9 cable 9, the connecting cable between the battery packs, in this figure the cable 9 connects the positive poles of all the battery packs in the parallel combination in parallel ;
  • DL10 Cable 10, the battery pack is connected in parallel with the cable connected to the battery pack behind.
  • K15 switch 15, laterally connects the positive pole of the battery pack to the load interface 4, and can also maintain the longitudinal direction;
  • K16: switch 16 laterally connects the negative pole of the battery pack to the ground 2;
  • K15a: switch 15a maintains the longitudinal direction, and makes the battery pack positive Connected to cable 89 and switch 72;
  • K16a: switch 16a laterally connects the battery pack negative pole to ground 3;
  • K18 switch 18, keeps the lateral direction
  • the anodes of the end battery packs connected in parallel are connected to the ground.
  • K72: Switch 72 double-pole double-throw, is turned on when power is supplied;
  • K73: Switch 73 single-pole double-throw, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • DX2 Ground 2; DX3: Ground 3.
  • GYJK8 High voltage interface 8, connected to high voltage cable.
  • EJ Diode, the protection diode between the charged battery string formed by the A-type battery pack and the high-voltage grid, is turned on.
  • K82 Switch 82, which connects the cable 8 to the high voltage interface 8 in the longitudinal direction.
  • DL8 cable 8, the connection cable between the battery pack positive pole and the switch 82;
  • DL89 cable 89, the connection cable between the battery pack and the rear battery pack series (represented by the dashed box);
  • DL11 cable 11, battery pack A series cable is implemented between the battery packs in the series stack.
  • DL12 Cable 12, the connecting cable between the battery pack in series and the battery pack in the back.
  • FZJK4 load interface 4
  • FZJK6 load interface 6.
  • K15 Switch 15.
  • the battery pack positive pole is connected to the cable 8 in the longitudinal direction;
  • K16 the switch 16 connects the battery pack negative pole to the cable 89 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K15b Switch 15b. Single pole double throw, vertical connection, so that the positive pole of the battery pack series is connected with the cable 89 and connected to the negative pole of the front battery pack;
  • K16b switch 16b, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole with the cable 11;
  • K15c switch 15c, single pole double throw, keep the longitudinal direction of the battery pack connected to the cable 11;
  • K17b switch K17b, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the positive pole of the battery pack with the cable 11 and connect with the negative pole of the previous battery pack;
  • K18b switch 18b, single pole Double throwing, longitudinally connecting the negative pole of the battery pack of the end stack of the battery pack to the cable 12.
  • K71 Switch 71, disconnected when charged;
  • K76 Switch 76, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged.
  • n battery pack n. Indicates that this battery pack is a multiple repeat in the series stack.
  • DX2 Ground 2; DX3: Ground 3; DX4: Ground 4.
  • FIG. 3-2-2 Type A rechargeable battery pack (including series stack) of the step-down station
  • GYJK8 High voltage interface 8.
  • EJ Diode, the protection diode between the charged battery string formed by the A-type battery pack and the high-voltage grid, is turned on.
  • K82 Switch 82, disconnecting cable 8 from high voltage interface 8 laterally.
  • DL8 cable 8, the connection cable between the positive pole of the battery pack and the switch 82;
  • DL89 cable 89, the cable is connected in series;
  • DL11 cable 11, the cable connected in series between the battery packs in the battery pack series;
  • DL12 Cable 12, the connecting cable between the battery pack of the battery pack and the battery pack at the rear.
  • FZJK4 load interface 4
  • FZJK6 load interface 6.
  • K15 Switch 15. Horizontally, the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the load interface 4; K16: switch 16, the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected to the ground 2 in the lateral direction; K15b: the switch 15b, the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected to the load interface 6 in the lateral direction; K16b: the switch 16b Keep the longitudinal direction of the battery pack negative connection with the cable 11; K15c: switch 15c, keep the battery pack positive pole connected to the cable 11 in the longitudinal direction; K17b: switch K17b, keep the battery pack positive pole connected to the cable 11 in the longitudinal direction; K18b: switch 18b, laterally The battery pack anode of the battery pack series is connected to the ground wire 4; K71: switch 71 is disconnected when power is supplied; K76: switch 76 is disconnected when power is supplied.
  • n battery pack n. Indicates that this battery pack is a multiple repeat in the series stack.
  • DX2 Ground 2; DX3: Ground 3; DX4: Ground 4.
  • FIG 3-2-3 The A-type battery pack of the step-down station is charged by high voltage and then used as a power supply in the form of series reactor and parallel combination.
  • GYJK8 High voltage interface 8.
  • EJ Diode, the protection diode between the charged battery string formed by the A-type battery pack and the high-voltage grid, is turned on.
  • K82 Switch 82, disconnecting cable 8 from high voltage interface 8 laterally.
  • FZJK6 load interface 6
  • FZJK10 load interface 10.
  • DL8 cable 8, the connection cable between the positive pole of the battery pack and the switch 82;
  • DL9 cable 9, the connecting cable between the battery packs in the battery pack parallel combination;
  • DL10 cable 10, the last battery pack in the battery pack parallel combination
  • DL12 cable 12, the connecting cable between the battery pack series stack and the battery pack in parallel combination.
  • the serial stack (represented by the dashed box on the left) consists of:
  • K15b switch 15b, laterally, connecting the positive pole of the battery pack series to the load interface 6; K16b: switch 16b, connecting the battery pack negative pole to the cable 11 in the longitudinal direction; K17b: the switch 17b, connecting the positive pole of the battery pack to the cable 11 in the longitudinal direction; K18b: The switch 18b laterally connects the negative end of the battery pack of the battery pack in series with the ground wire 4.
  • DX3 Ground 3; DX4: Ground 4.
  • K15a switch 15a, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the battery pack with the switch 72;
  • K16a switch 16a, laterally connects the negative pole of the battery pack to the ground 22;
  • K17 switch 17, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the battery pack to the load interface 10 via the cable 9 ,
  • K18 switch 18, laterally connecting the negative electrode of the battery pack to the ground 22;
  • K72 The switch 72 is connected to the load interface 10 and is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack in parallel by the cable 12 and the cable 9.
  • K73 Switch 73, disconnected when power is supplied;
  • K76 Switch 76, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • DX22 Ground wire 22.
  • GYJK3 high voltage interface 3, connected with high voltage cable
  • K83 switch 83, single pole double throw, longitudinal connection of cable 3 with high voltage interface 3.
  • DL3 Cable 3. a cable connecting the switch 83 to the positive pole of the battery pack;
  • DL4 a cable connecting between adjacent battery packs.
  • FZJK7 Load interface 7.
  • EJ1 Diode 1.
  • K20 switch 20, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the positive pole of battery pack to diode 1; K61: switch 61, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect diode 1 and cable 3; K62: switch 62, double pole double throw, longitudinal will The battery pack negative pole is connected to the cable 4; K65: switch 65, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the diode and the cable 4; K66: switch 66, double pole double throw, lower vertical and horizontal to make the negative and ground of the last battery pack 5 connection; K52: switch 52, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged.
  • DX4 ground line 4
  • DX5 ground line 5.
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3.
  • K83 Switch 83, laterally disconnecting cable 3 from high voltage interface 3.
  • DL3 cable 3, cable connecting the switch 83 to the positive pole of the battery pack;
  • DL4 cable connecting between adjacent battery packs.
  • FZJK7 Load interface 7.
  • EJ1 diode 1;
  • EJ2 diode 2.
  • K20 Switch 20, laterally connected to load interface 7.
  • K61 switch 61, keeping the diode 1 and the cable 3 connected in the longitudinal direction (also can be disconnected);
  • K62 switch 62, connecting the negative pole of the battery pack to the grounding wire 2;
  • K65 the switch 65, connecting the diode 2 and the cable 4 in the longitudinal direction (also can be disconnected);
  • K66 the switch 66, laterally making the last battery pack of the battery stack The negative pole is coupled to the ground wire 5.
  • K52 Switch 52, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • DX4 ground line 4
  • DX5 ground line 5.
  • FIG. 4-2-1 Type B rechargeable battery pack (implicit parallel combination) of the step-down station is charged by high voltage
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3, connected to high voltage cable.
  • K83 Switch 83, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the cable 3 to the high voltage interface 3.
  • FZJK7 load interface 7;
  • FZJK8 load interface 8.
  • DL3 cable 3, cable connecting high voltage interface and positive battery pack;
  • DL34 cable 34, cable between battery pack and parallel combination;
  • DL4 cable 4, cable connected between adjacent battery packs in parallel combination;
  • DL45 Cable 45, which connects the parallel combination of batteries and the cable of the rear battery pack.
  • PLDL3 bypass cable 3, coupled to cable 34, coupled to switch 21 at the other end, with switch 86 in between;
  • PLDL4 bypass cable 4. It is coupled to the cable 4 and the other end is coupled to the switch 22.
  • K20 Switch 20, the positive pole of the battery pack is connected to the diode 1 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K61 switch 61, diode 1 and cable 3 are connected longitudinally;
  • K62 switch 62. Connect the battery pack negative terminal to the cable 34.
  • K21 Switch 21, single pole double throw, the positive pole of the first battery pack in which the batteries are combined in parallel in the longitudinal direction is connected to the diode 3.
  • K63 switch 63, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the diode 3 of the first battery pack positive pole of the battery in parallel with the cable 34:
  • K64 switch 64, double pole double throw, longitudinally make the battery pack in parallel with the first battery pack The negative electrode is connected to the cable 4.
  • K22 Switch 22, single pole double throw, the positive pole of the last battery pack in which the batteries are combined in parallel in the longitudinal direction is connected to the diode 4.
  • K65 switch 65, diode 4 and cable 4 are connected longitudinally;
  • K66 switch 66.
  • the negative pole of the last battery pack in which the batteries are combined in parallel is longitudinally coupled to the cable 45.
  • K86 Switch 86, single pole double throw, disconnects the bypass cable 3 and the load interface 8 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K52 Switch 52, disconnected when charged;
  • K54 Switch 54, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged;
  • K55 switch 55, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged.
  • DX4 ground line 4
  • DX5 ground line 5.
  • FIG. 4-2-2 The B-type charged battery pack of the step-down station is partially charged to form a parallel combination to supply power to the load.
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3.
  • K83 Switch 83, laterally disconnects cable 3 from high voltage interface 3.
  • DL3 cable 3, cable connecting high voltage interface and positive battery pack;
  • DL34 cable 34, connecting battery pack and battery in parallel combination (represented by dotted line);
  • DL4 cable 4, parallel combination between adjacent battery packs Connected cable positive pole;
  • DL45 Cable 45, connecting the battery parallel combination and the rear battery pack cable.
  • PLDL3 a bypass cable 3, coupled to the cable 34, and the other end coupled to the switch 21;
  • PLDL4 a bypass cable 4 coupled to the cable 4 and the other end coupled to the switch 22.
  • K86 Switch 86, laterally bypassing the bypass cable 3 and the load interface 8.
  • FZJK7 load interface 7; FZJK8: load interface 8.
  • K20 Switch 20, laterally connected to load interface 7.
  • K61 Switch 61.
  • the diode 1 and the cable 3 are connected longitudinally (also can be disconnected);
  • K62: the switch 62 connects the battery pack negative pole to the ground line 4.
  • K21 Switch 21, laterally connected to bypass cable 3.
  • K63 switch 63, diode 3 and cable 34 of the first battery pack positive pole of the longitudinally-maintained battery parallel combination are connected (also disconnectable);
  • K64 switch 64, the first battery pack negative pole and ground of the battery are combined in parallel in the lateral direction Line 5 is turned on.
  • K22 Switch 22, the first battery pack positive pole and the bypass cable 4 connected in parallel with the battery in parallel are connected.
  • K86 Switch 86, single pole double throw, laterally connects the bypass cable 3 and the load interface 7.
  • K52 Switch 52, disconnected when power is supplied;
  • K54 Switch 54, the positive electrode structure of the battery pack before and after switching on during power supply;
  • K55 Switch 55, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • DX4 ground line 4
  • DX5 ground line 5.
  • FIG. 4-3-1 B-type rechargeable battery pack (including series stack) of the step-down station is charged by high voltage
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3, connected to high voltage cable.
  • K83 Switch 83, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the cable 3 to the high voltage interface 3.
  • DL3 cable 3, the cable connecting the high voltage interface and the positive pole of the battery pack;
  • DL35 cable 35, the cable connecting the battery pack and the battery serial stack (indicated by the dashed box);
  • DL5 cable 5, the battery pack in the series connected to the battery pack Interconnecting cable;
  • DL56 cable 56, cable in the battery pack in series with the end battery pack and the rear battery pack;
  • PLDL1 bypass cable 1, connected to the cable 4.
  • FZJK7 load interface 7; FZJK9: load interface 9.
  • K23 Switch 23, single pole double throw, longitudinally connected to diode 1.
  • K61 switch 61, single pole double throw, connecting diode 1 and cable 3 in the longitudinal direction, and cable 3 is connected to the high voltage interface 3 through the switch 83;
  • K62 switch 62, double pole double throw, connecting the battery pack negative pole to the cable 35 .
  • K25 Switch 25, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the first battery pack of the battery pack in series with the diode 5.
  • K67 switch 67, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect diode 5 and cable 35, and cable 35 is connected to the negative of the front battery pack;
  • K68 switch 68, double pole double throw, longitudinally make the first battery of the battery stack The negative pole of the group is connected to the cable 5 and is connected to the positive pole of the next battery pack through this cable to form a series connection.
  • K26 The switch 26, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the battery pack of the battery pack in series with the diode 6.
  • K67a switch 67a, single pole double throw, connecting diode 6 and cable 5 in the longitudinal direction, and cable 5 is connected to the negative pole of the previous battery pack;
  • K68a switch 68a, double pole double throw, longitudinally connecting the negative pole of the battery pack with the cable 5.
  • K68b Switch 68b, double-pole double-throw, longitudinally connects the end battery pack negative pole of the battery pack series to the cable 56.
  • K52 Switch 52. Single-pole double-throw, disconnected when charged
  • K53 Switch 53, single-pole double-throw, disconnected when charged.
  • n battery pack n. Indicates that this battery pack is a multiple repeat in the series stack.
  • DX4 ground line 4
  • DX5 ground line 5.
  • Figure 4-3-2 B-type battery pack of the step-down station constitutes a power supply after series reactor charging
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3.
  • K83 Switch 83, laterally disconnects cable 3 from high voltage interface 3 (and can remain on).
  • DL3 cable 3;
  • DL35 cable 35, cable connecting the battery pack and battery pack series (represented by the dashed box);
  • DL5 cable 5, cable connecting between adjacent battery packs;
  • PLDL1 bypass cable 1, with The cable 5 is coupled.
  • FZJK7 load interface 7; FZJK9: load interface 9.
  • K23 Switch 23.
  • the transverse direction is connected to the load interface 7.
  • K61: switch 61, diode 1 and cable 3 are connected in the longitudinal direction (also can be disconnected);
  • K25 Switch 25, laterally, causes the positive pole of the first battery pack of the battery stack to be connected to the load interface 9.
  • K67: switch 67, diode 5 and cable 35 are connected longitudinally (also disconnected);
  • K26 The switch 26 laterally connects the positive terminal of the battery pack of the battery pack in series with the bypass cable 1 and is connected to the cable 5.
  • K67a switch 67a, diode 6 and cable 5 are connected in the longitudinal direction, and can also be disconnected;
  • K68a switch 68a, the negative pole of the battery pack is connected to the cable 5 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K68b Switch 68b, double-pole double-throw, longitudinally connects the end battery pack negative pole of the battery pack series to the cable 56.
  • n battery pack n. Indicates that this battery pack is a multiple repeat in the series stack.
  • K52 Switch 52, disconnected when power is supplied
  • K53 Switch 53, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • FIG. 4-4-1 B-type battery pack of the step-down station constitutes a series reactor and a parallel combination is charged
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3, connected to high voltage cable.
  • K83 Switch 83, the cable 3 is connected to the high voltage interface 3 in the longitudinal direction.
  • FZJK9 Load interface 9.
  • PLDL1 bypass cable 1, connected to cable 5;
  • DL3 cable 3, cable connecting high voltage interface and positive battery pack;
  • DL5 cable 5, battery pack in series, connecting cable between battery packs;
  • DL56 cable 56 , connecting the battery pack in series with the battery pack and the battery pack in parallel.
  • K25 Switch 25, the positive pole of the first battery pack of the battery series in series is connected to the diode 5 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K67 switch 67, diode 5 and cable 3 are connected longitudinally;
  • K68 switch 68, the first battery pack negative pole of the battery series is connected to the cable 5 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K26 Switch 26, the positive pole of the end battery pack of the battery series stack is connected to the diode 6 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K67a Switch 67a.
  • the diode 6 and the cable 5 are connected longitudinally;
  • K68a switch 68a, the anode of the end battery pack of the power storage series reactor is coupled to the cable 56 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K53 Switch 53. Disconnected when charged.
  • DX8 Ground wire 8.
  • FZJK8 Load interface 8.
  • PLDL3 bypass cable 3, connected to cable 56;
  • PLDL4 bypass cable 4, connected to cable 4;
  • DL4 cable 4, parallel combination, connection cable between battery packs;
  • DL45 cable 45, connected battery pack in parallel The cable between the combination and the rear battery pack.
  • K21 Switch 21, single pole double throw, the positive pole of the first battery pack in which the batteries are combined in parallel in the longitudinal direction is connected to the diode 3.
  • K63 switch 63, single pole double throw, diode 3 and cable 56 of the positive pole of the first battery pack connected in parallel in the longitudinal direction;
  • K64 switch 64, double pole double throw, the first battery pack in which the battery is combined in parallel in the longitudinal direction The negative electrode is connected to the cable 4.
  • K86 Switch 86, single pole double throw, disconnects the bypass cable 3 and the load interface 8 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K22 Switch 22.
  • the single pole double throw, the positive pole of the terminal battery pack in parallel combination of the vertical batteries is connected to the diode 4.
  • K65 Switch 65, which connects diode 4 and cable 4 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K66 The switch 66 connects the negative pole of the last battery pack in which the batteries are combined in parallel in the lateral direction to the cable 45.
  • K54 Switch 54, disconnected when charged; K55: Switch 55 is disconnected when charged.
  • DX5 Ground wire 5.
  • FIG. 4-4-2 B-type battery in the step-down station, connected in series and in parallel
  • GYJK3 High voltage interface 3.
  • K83 Switch 83, laterally disconnects cable 3 from high voltage interface 3.
  • DL3 Cable 3, the cable that connects the high voltage interface to the positive side of the battery pack.
  • FZJK9 Load interface 9.
  • PLDL1 bypass cable 1;
  • DL5 cable 5, battery pack in series, connecting cable between battery packs;
  • DL56 cable 56, connecting battery packs in series with battery packs in parallel.
  • K25 Switch 25, laterally connects the positive pole of the first battery pack of the battery stack to the load interface 9.
  • K67 Switch 67, diode 5 and cable 3 are connected longitudinally (also disconnected);
  • K68 switch 68, the first battery pack negative pole of the battery stack is connected to the cable 5 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K26 Switch 26.
  • the anode of the end battery pack of the battery series stack is connected to the bypass cable 1 in the lateral direction.
  • K67a switch 67a, diode 6 and cable 5 are connected longitudinally (also disconnected);
  • K68a switch 68a, laterally connects the terminal battery pack negative pole of the battery series stack to the ground line 8.
  • K53 Switch 53, disconnected when the battery pack series is powered by the load.
  • DX8 Ground wire 8.
  • FZJK8 Load interface 8.
  • PLDL3 bypass cable 3, connected to cable 56;
  • PLDL4 bypass cable 4, connected to cable 4;
  • DL4 cable 4, battery pack in parallel combination, connecting the cable between the battery packs.
  • K21 The switch 21, the positive side of the first battery pack in which the batteries are combined in parallel in the lateral direction is connected to the bypass cable 3.
  • K86 switch 86, the bypass cable 3 and the load interface 8 are connected in the lateral direction;
  • K63 the switch 63, the diode 3 and the cable 56 of the positive pole of the first battery pack which are longitudinally combined in parallel with the battery are connected (also disconnected);
  • K64 Switch 64, the lower side of the first battery pack in which the battery is combined in parallel in the lower longitudinal direction and the ground line 5 are connected.
  • K22 Switch 22, the positive battery of the terminal battery pack in parallel combination of the lateral batteries is connected to the bypass cable 4.
  • K54 Switch 54, when the power supply is turned on before and after the battery pack; K55: Switch 55, keeps off when power is supplied.
  • DX5 Ground wire 5.
  • Figure 5-1-1 The type C rechargeable battery pack of the step-down station is charged
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4, connected to high voltage cable.
  • K84 Switch 84, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the cable 7 to the high voltage interface.
  • DL7 cable 7, cable connecting the switch 84 to the positive pole of the battery pack;
  • DL6 cable 6, connecting cable between adjacent battery packs;
  • DL67 cable 67, standby.
  • FZJK11 Load interface 11: FZJK13: Load interface 13. EJ11: diode 11; EJ12: diode 12.
  • K30 switch 30, single pole double throw, vertically connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 11;
  • K31 switch 31, single pole double throw, laterally connect battery pack negative ground wire 6.
  • K71 switch 71, double pole double throw, positive pole of vertical battery pack and cable 7 connected;
  • K72 switch 72, single pole double throw, connect diode 11 cable 6 of battery pack negative pole;
  • K75 switch 75, double pole double throw, The battery pack positive pole is connected to the cable 6 in the longitudinal direction;
  • K76 the switch 76 connects the diode 12 of the last battery pack negative pole to the cable 67 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K57 Switch 57, single pole double throw, disconnected when charging.
  • DX6 Ground wire 6.
  • FIG. 51-2 The power supply of the C-type rechargeable battery pack of the step-down station is used as the power supply.
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4.
  • K84 Switch 84, laterally disconnecting cable 7 from high voltage interface 4.
  • DL7 cable 7, connecting switch 84 to the battery positive pole cable;
  • DL6 connecting cable between adjacent battery packs.
  • DL67 Cable 67, spare.
  • FZJK11 load interface 11; FZJK13: load interface 13. EJ11: diode 11; EJ12: diode 12.
  • K30 switch 30, the battery pack negative pole is connected to the ground line 6 in the lateral direction;
  • K31 the switch 31, the battery pack negative pole is connected to the ground line 6 in the lateral direction.
  • K71 switch 71, the battery pack positive pole is connected to the load interface 11 laterally;
  • K72 switch 72, the diode 11 is connected to the cable 6 in the longitudinal direction (also can be disconnected);
  • K75 the switch 75, the battery pack positive pole and the lateral direction
  • the load interface 13 is coupled;
  • K76 switch 76, which connects the negative pole of the last battery pack to the cable 67 in the longitudinal direction (also can be disconnected).
  • K57 Switch 57, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • DX6 Ground wire 6.
  • FIG. 5-2-1 The type C rechargeable battery pack (implicit parallel combination) of the step-down station is charged
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4, connected to high voltage cable.
  • K84 Switch 84, longitudinally connecting cable 5 to the high voltage interface.
  • DL7 cable 7, connecting switch 84 with the battery positive pole cable;
  • DL76 cable 76, connecting the first battery pack with the rear parallel combination of cables;
  • DL6 cable 6, parallel combination, adjacent battery pack connection Cable;
  • DL67 Cable 67, which is connected to the parallel combination of the end battery pack and the rear battery pack.
  • FZJK11 load interface 11; FZffK12: load interface 12.
  • K30 switch 30, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 6;
  • K33 switch 33, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 7;
  • K34 switch 34, single pole double throw, longitudinal The battery pack negative electrode is connected to the diode 8.
  • K57 Switch 57, single pole double throw, disconnected during charging
  • K58 switch 58, single pole double throw, disconnected during charging
  • K59 switch 59. Single pole double throw, disconnected when charging.
  • DX6 ground line 6
  • DX7 ground line 7.
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4.
  • K84 Switch 84, laterally disconnects cable 7 from the high voltage interface.
  • DL7 cable 7, connecting switch 84 with the battery positive pole cable;
  • DL76 cable 76, connecting the first battery pack with the rear parallel combination of cables;
  • DL6 cable 6, parallel combination, adjacent battery pack connection Cable;
  • DL67 Cable 67, which is connected to the parallel combination of the end battery pack and the rear battery pack.
  • K30 switch 30, the battery pack negative pole is connected to the ground wire 6 in the lateral direction; K33: the switch 33 is connected to the battery pack negative pole and the ground line 7 in the lateral direction; K34: the switch 34 is connected to the battery pack negative pole and the ground line 7 in the lateral direction.
  • K71 Switch 71.
  • the battery pack positive pole is connected to the load interface 11 in the horizontal direction; K72: the switch 72 connects the diode 6 cable 76 of the battery pack negative pole in the longitudinal direction (also can be disconnected); K73: the switch 73 connects the positive pole of the battery pack to the load interface 12 in the lateral direction.
  • K74 switch 74, longitudinally connecting the diode 7 cable 6 of the battery pack negative pole (also disconnectable);
  • K75 switch 75, longitudinally connecting the positive pole of the battery pack with the cable 6 and the upper A battery pack positive pole is connected in parallel;
  • K76 switch 76, the diode 8 of the cathode of the last battery pack is connected in the longitudinal direction to the cable 67 (also disconnected).
  • K57 Switch 57, disconnected when power is supplied; K58: Switch 58 is turned on when power is supplied; K59: Switch 59 is turned off when power is supplied.
  • DX6 ground line 6; DX7: ground line 7.
  • FIG.-3-1 The type C rechargeable battery pack (including series stack) of the step-down station is charged
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4, connected to high voltage cable.
  • K84 Switch 84, longitudinally connecting cable 7 to high voltage interface 4.
  • DL7 cable 7, cable connecting the switch 84 to the positive pole of the battery pack;
  • DL78 cable 78, connecting cable between the battery pack and the next battery pack series;
  • DL8 cable 8, in the battery string stack, front and rear battery Connection cable between the groups;
  • DL89 cable 89, connection cable between the battery pack and the rear battery pack;
  • PLDL2 bypass cable 2, connected to the cable 8.
  • K30 switch 30, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 6;
  • K35 switch 35, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the first battery pack negative pole of the battery stack with diode 9;
  • K36 switch 36 , single pole double throw, the anode of the battery pack at the end of the battery stack is connected to the diode 10 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K71 switch 71, double pole double throw, positive pole of vertical battery pack and cable 7 connected;
  • K72 switch 72, single pole double throw, connect diode 6 cable 78 of battery pack negative pole;
  • K73a switch 73a, double pole double throw, Longitudinally connect the first battery pack positive pole of the battery series to the cable 78;
  • K74a switch 74a, single pole double throw, connect the diode 9 cable 8 of the first battery pack negative pole of the battery stack;
  • K73b switch 73b, double The knife double throws, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the battery pack with the cable 8;
  • K75a switch 75a, double pole double throw, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the battery pack of the battery series to the cable 8;
  • K76a switch 76a, single pole double throw, will The diode 10 of the battery pack anode at the end of the battery series is coupled to the cable 89.
  • K57 Switch 57, disconnected while charging
  • K58a Switch 58a, disconnected while charging
  • K59a Switch 59a, disconnected when charging.
  • n battery pack n. Indicates that this battery pack is a multiple repeat in the series stack.
  • DX6 ground line 6
  • DX7 ground line 7.
  • FIG. 53-2 The C-type rechargeable battery pack (including series stack) of the step-down station is used as the power source after charging.
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4.
  • K84 Switch 84. The high voltage interface 4 is disconnected from the cable 7 in the lateral direction.
  • DL7 cable 7;
  • DL78 cable 78, cable connecting the battery pack and the battery pack connected in series to the rear;
  • DL8 cable 8, in the battery stack, connecting cable between the front and rear battery packs;
  • DL89 cable 89, battery A connection cable between the group of series and the rear battery pack;
  • PLDL2 bypass cable 2, coupled to the cable 8.
  • K30 switch 30, the battery pack negative pole is connected to the ground wire 6 in the lateral direction;
  • K35 switch 35, the first battery pack negative pole of the battery series stack is connected to the bypass cable 2 in the lateral direction;
  • K36 switch 36, the battery is connected in series laterally The negative electrode of the battery pack at the end of the stack is connected to the ground wire 7.
  • K71 switch 71, laterally connects the positive electrode of the battery pack to the load interface 11; K72: switch 72, longitudinally connects the diode 6 cable 78 of the negative electrode of the battery pack (also can be disconnected); K73a: switch 73a, laterally makes the battery stack
  • the first battery pack positive pole is coupled to the load interface 13; K74a: switch 74a, longitudinally connects the diode 9 of the first battery pack negative pole of the battery stack to the cable 8 (also can be disconnected);
  • the switch 73b longitudinally The positive pole of the battery pack is connected with the cable 8; K75a: the switch 75a, the positive pole of the end battery pack of the battery series stack is connected to the cable 8 in the longitudinal direction; K76a: the switch 76a connects the diode 10 of the negative pole of the end battery pack of the battery series stack with the cable 89. (Also can be disconnected).
  • K57 Switch 57, disconnected when power is supplied;
  • K58a Switch 58a, disconnected when power is supplied;
  • K59a Switch 59a, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • n battery pack n. Indicates that this battery pack is a multiple repeat in the series stack.
  • DX6 ground line 6
  • DX7 ground line 7.
  • Figure 5-4-1 The type C rechargeable battery pack (including series stack and parallel combination) of the step-down station is charged
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4. Connected to high voltage cable.
  • K84 Switch 84, longitudinally connecting cable 7 to high voltage interface 4.
  • DL7 Cable 7. A cable that connects the switch 84 to the battery pack in series with the positive pole.
  • DL8 cable 8, in the battery string stack, the connection cable between the front and rear battery packs;
  • DL89 cable 89, the connection cable between the battery pack and the rear battery pack in parallel;
  • PLDL2 bypass cable 2 , connected to the cable 8.
  • FZJK13 Load interface 13.
  • EJ9 diode 9;
  • EJ10 diode 10.
  • K35 switch 35, single-pole double-throw, longitudinally connect the first battery pack negative pole of the battery stack with diode 9
  • K36 switch 36, single-pole double-throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack anode of the battery series stack to the diode 10 .
  • K73a switch 73a, double-pole double-throw, longitudinally connects the positive pole of the first battery pack of the battery stack with the cable 7;
  • K74a switch 74a, single-pole double-throw, the diode 9 of the negative pole of the first battery pack of the battery stack Cable 8 is connected;
  • K75a switch 75a, double-pole double-throw, longitudinally connects the positive terminal of the battery series to the end of the battery pack 8;
  • K76a switch 76a, single-pole double-throw, the diode of the battery pack at the end of the battery 10 is connected to cable 89.
  • K58a Switch 58a, disconnected when charged; K59a: Switch 59a, disconnected when charged.
  • DX7 Ground wire 7.
  • DL6 Cables connected between adjacent battery packs in a parallel combination
  • DL67 Cable 67, connecting the cables of the parallel combination of the end battery pack and the rear battery pack.
  • FZJK12 Load interface 12.
  • EJ7 Diode 7;
  • EJ8 Diode 8.
  • K33 switch 33, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 7;
  • K34 switch 34, single pole double throw, longitudinally connect the battery pack negative pole to diode 8;
  • K73 switch 73, three poles and three throws, The positive pole of the vertical battery pack is connected to the cable 89;
  • K74 switch 74, single pole double throw, connect the diode 7 cable 6 of the negative pole of the battery pack;
  • K75 switch 75, double pole double throw, longitudinally connect the positive pole of the battery pack with the cable 6.
  • K76 Switch 76, single pole double throw, longitudinally connects the diode 8 of the cathode of the parallel assembled end battery pack to the cable 67.
  • K58 Switch 58, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged
  • K59 switch 59, single pole double throw, disconnected when charged.
  • DX9 Ground wire 9.
  • Figure 5-4-2 The type C rechargeable battery pack of the step-down station (including series stack and parallel combination) is used as the power source.
  • GYJK4 High voltage interface 4.
  • K84 Switch 84, laterally, causes high voltage interface 4 to be disconnected from cable 7.
  • DL7 Cable 7.
  • DL8 cable 8, in the battery series, the connection cable between the front and rear battery packs
  • DL89 cable 89, the connection cable between the battery pack series and the rear battery pack
  • PLDL2 bypass cable 2, and cable 8 Join.
  • FZJK13 Load interface 13.
  • EJ9 diode 9;
  • EJ10 diode 10.
  • K35 switch 35, laterally connects the first battery pack negative pole of the battery series stack with the bypass cable 2;
  • K36 switch 36, laterally connects the negative pole of the last battery pack of the battery series stack to the ground line 7.
  • K73a switch 73a, the first battery pack positive pole of the battery series stack is connected to the load interface 13 in the lower longitudinal direction;
  • K74a switch 74a, the diode 9 and the cable 8 of the first battery pack negative pole of the battery series stack are longitudinally maintained.
  • K75a switch 75a, longitudinally connects the positive terminal of the battery pack in series with the cable 8;
  • K76a switch 76a, connects the diode 10 of the last battery pack negative of the battery stack to the cable 89 (Also can be disconnected).
  • K58a Switch 58a, disconnected when power is supplied; K59a: Switch 59a, disconnected when power is supplied.
  • DX7 Ground wire 7.
  • DL6 Cable 6, in a parallel combination, the cable connecting between adjacent battery packs;
  • DL67 Cable 67, connecting the cable of the parallel combination of the end battery pack and the rear battery pack.
  • FZJK12 Load interface 12.
  • EJ7 Diode 7;
  • EJ8 Diode 8.
  • K33 switch 33, the battery pack negative pole is connected to the ground line 9 in the lateral direction; K34: the switch 34 is connected to the ground rod 9 in the lateral direction.
  • K73 switch 73, the positive pole of the lateral battery pack is connected to the load interface 12, and is still connected to the cable 89;
  • K74 the switch 74, the diode 7 of the battery pack holding the negative pole 7 is connected (also disconnected);
  • K75 the switch 75, The longitudinal longitudinal battery pack positive pole is connected to the cable 6;
  • K76 switch 76, the diode 8 of the last battery pack negative pole is connected to the cable 67 in the longitudinal direction (also disconnected).
  • K58 Switch 58 is turned on when power is supplied; K59: Switch 59 is turned off when power is supplied. DX9: Ground wire 9.
  • the battery pack shown in Fig. (1) is in a charged state.
  • DL4 Cable 4, connecting the cable between the battery packs.
  • XDCZ01 Battery pack 01, demonstrating the sample of the B-type battery pack detachment process.
  • K20 Switch 20, the positive pole of battery pack 01 is connected to its diode 1 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K52 Switch 52, disconnected when charged.
  • FZJK7 Load interface 7.
  • DX4 Ground wire 4.
  • the switch 52 is turned on laterally to stop the battery pack 01 from being charged, while the other battery packs are still charged.
  • the switch 20, the switch 61, and the switch 62 are all kept in the original ON state.
  • FZJK7 Load interface 7.
  • DX4 Ground wire 4.
  • FIG. 1 Battery pack 01 completes the disengagement. This figure shows the first way after disengagement: the battery pack can be moved away from its original position.
  • K52 Switch 52 is turned on laterally so that other battery packs are still charged.
  • K20 The switch 20 is kept turned on, so that the positive pole of the battery pack 01 is connected to its diode and disconnected from the load interface 7.
  • K61 The switch 61 is laterally disconnected, the positive pole of the battery pack is separated from the front cable 4;
  • K62 the switch 62 is disconnected laterally, and the negative pole of the battery pack is separated from the rear cable 4, and is also disengaged from the ground wire 4.
  • FZJK7 Load interface 7.
  • DX4 Ground wire 4.
  • Battery pack 01 completes the detachment. This figure shows the second way after detachment: the battery consists of a DC power supply that supplies power to the load.
  • K52 Switch 52, kept in the lateral direction, so that other battery packs are still charged.
  • K20 Switch 20, laterally connects the positive pole of the battery pack to the load interface 7.
  • K61 switch 61, laterally disconnected, the positive pole of the battery pack is separated from the front cable 4;
  • K62 switch 62, the lower side of the battery pack is connected to the grounding wire 4 of the battery pack, and is also disconnected from the cable 4.
  • the method of disengaging the end battery pack of the charged battery string the battery pack negative pole in front of it is grounded.
  • the battery pack shown in Fig. (1) is in a charged state.
  • DL5 Cable 5, connecting the cable between the battery packs.
  • XDCZ02 Battery pack 02, demonstrating the sample from which the C-type battery pack is detached.
  • K30 Switch 30, the negative pole of battery pack 02 is connected to its diode 11 in the longitudinal direction.
  • K57 Switch 57, disconnected when charged.
  • FZJK11 Load interface 11.
  • DX6 Ground wire 6.
  • the switch 57 is turned on laterally to stop the battery pack 02 from being charged, while the other battery packs are still charged.
  • the switch 71, the switch 30, and the switch 72 are all kept in the original ON state.
  • FZJK11 Load interface 11.
  • DX6 Ground wire 6.
  • FIG. 3 Battery pack 02 completes the detachment. This figure shows the first way after detachment: it can be moved away from the original position.
  • K57 Switch 57 is turned on laterally so that other battery packs are still charged.
  • K30 The switch 30 is kept turned on, so that the positive pole of the battery pack 02 is connected to its diode and disconnected from the ground line 6.
  • K71 Switch 71, laterally disconnected, the positive pole of the battery pack is separated from the front cable 5;
  • K72 the switch 72 is disconnected laterally, and the negative pole of the battery pack is separated from the rear cable 5.
  • FZJK11 Load interface 11.
  • DX6 Ground wire 6.
  • Battery pack 02 completes the detachment.
  • This figure shows the second way after detachment: the battery consists of a DC power supply that supplies power to the load.
  • K57 Switch 57 is turned on laterally so that other battery packs are still charged.
  • K30 Switch 30, the battery pack is disconnected from the diode 11 in the lateral direction, but is connected to the ground line 6.
  • FZJK11 Load interface 11.
  • DX6 Ground wire 6.
  • the method of disengaging the end battery pack of the charged battery string the battery pack negative pole in front of it is grounded.
  • Figure 7-1 One of the working states of the open all-DC high-voltage transmission and transformation grid
  • GYDW High voltage power grid.
  • CDCLD1 The charging series stack 1 is composed of an A-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it has been charged; it is connected to the high voltage grid through a protection diode to send power to the grid.
  • the connecting cable is dotted and indicates that it is omitted.
  • ZLJK1 DC interface 1, the DC interface set for charging series stack 1.
  • CDCLD2 Charging series stack 2. It is composed of an A-type battery pack, and the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it has been charged; it is connected to the high-voltage grid through a protection diode to transmit power to the grid.
  • the series stack consists of multiple sub-stacks that are not in the same location and are at a distance from each other.
  • the connecting cable is dotted and indicates that it is omitted.
  • CDCLD2a charging series reactor stack 2a
  • CDCLD2b charging series reactor pile 2b
  • CDCLD2c charging series reactor pile 2c.
  • ZLJK2a DC interface 2a, DC charging interface for charging series reactor 2a
  • ZLJK2b DC interface 2b, DC charging interface for charging series reactor 2b
  • ZLJK2c DC interface 2c, charging series reactor 2c set DC charging interface.
  • CDCLD3 The charging series reactor 3 is composed of an A-type battery pack, and the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it has been charged; the protection diode is connected to the high-voltage grid to transmit power to the grid.
  • the connecting cable is dotted and indicates that it is omitted.
  • ZLJK3 DC interface 3, the DC charging interface set for the charging series stack 3.
  • BCDXDCZ1 The battery pack 1 to be charged is composed of a B-type or C-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is colorless, indicating that the battery pack is being charged.
  • This charged battery string has been associated with the load, forming a single battery pack, a parallel combination, and a series stack, respectively.
  • the connecting cable is omitted in dotted lines, and the battery pack may be omitted, or may be a parallel combination or a series stack.
  • FZJK1a load interface 1a
  • FZJK1b load interface 1b
  • FZJK1c load interface 1c.
  • They are respectively a parallel combination of rechargeable battery packs, or a load interface provided in series with them.
  • BCDXDCZ2 The battery pack 2 to be charged is composed of a B-type or C-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is colorless, indicating that the battery pack is being charged.
  • This charged battery string has been associated with the load, forming a single battery pack, a parallel combination, and a series stack, respectively.
  • the connecting cable is omitted in dotted lines, and the battery pack may be omitted, or may be a parallel combination or a series stack.
  • FZJK2a load interface 2a
  • FZJK2b load interface 2b
  • FZJK2c load interface 2c. They are respectively load interfaces of the charged battery packs, or their parallel combinations, or their series stacks.
  • EJ Diode. A protection diode between the charging series reactor of the A-type battery pack and the high-voltage grid, the function of which is to prevent current from flowing from the grid to the charging series reactor.
  • YLJK Reserved interface. It is reserved for the charging series reactor or the charged battery string that meets the technical specifications in the future to be connected to the high voltage power grid.
  • the chart shows three charging series stacks and two charged battery strings, all of which are connected to the high voltage grid.
  • CDCLD3 Charging series reactor 3.
  • the battery pack is colorless, disconnected from the switch between the high voltage grid, and connected to the DC interface, in parallel with each other, and is subjected to low voltage DC charging.
  • BCDXDCZ2 Battery pack 2 being charged.
  • the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it has been charged; it is disconnected from the high-voltage grid, and each parallel combination and series reactor are disconnected from each other; each is connected to its own load interface to independently supply its own load.
  • FZJK2a load interface 2a, connected to its own serial stack;
  • FZJK2b load interface 2b, connected with its own parallel combination.
  • FZJK2c Load interface 2c, connected to its own battery pack.
  • the optimal charging current of the battery pack is I b , and the number of battery packs is n.
  • the current I c of the output of the primary DC power supply preferably satisfies the following relationship.
  • Embodiment 1 DC power transmission of a photovoltaic power station to a step-down station
  • the power of the photovoltaic power station is 2.4MW, the output voltage is 480V, and the output current is 5000A.
  • the number of battery packs is 50, both of which are type A and have the same specifications. Therefore, the sum of the optimal charging currents after the battery packs are connected in parallel is equal to 5000A, and the primary power supply can be used to fully charge the battery packs. After charging, these battery packs are changed to series, and are connected to the grid through a protective diode for transmission.
  • Buck station All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 120V
  • the optimal charging current is 99A
  • FIG. 4-2-1 Figure 4-2-2, Figure 4-3-1, Figure 4-3-2, Figure 4-4-1, Figure 4-4-2;
  • FIG. 1 Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2, Figure 5-3-1, Figure 5-3-2, Figure 5-4-1, Figure 5-4-2.
  • Embodiment 2 DC transport of four voltage-reducing stations to isolated voltage plants
  • the power of the photovoltaic power station is 48MW, the output voltage is 480V, and the output current is 100000A.
  • the number of battery packs is 166, both of which are type A and have the same specifications. Therefore, the sum of the optimal charging currents after the battery packs are connected in parallel is equal to 99600A, which can realize the full power charging of the battery packs by the primary power supply. After charging, these battery packs are changed to series, and the power is connected to the grid through a protection diode.
  • Buck station A total of four, respectively, buck station 1, buck station 2, buck station 3 and buck station 4, constitute the following.
  • Buck station 1 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 120V
  • the optimal charging current is 188A
  • Buck station 2 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C, with a nominal voltage of 180V and an optimal charging current of 198A.
  • the total number of battery packs is 55.33kV/0.18kV ⁇ 307, the sum of nominal voltage
  • connection mode which is composed as follows:
  • Buck station 3 The battery components are available in two sizes, which can be A, B, and C.
  • connection mode which is composed as follows:
  • Buck station 4 All battery packs are of the same specification and can be of type A, B and C.
  • the nominal voltage is 300V
  • the optimal charging current is 109A
  • the total number of battery packs is 55.33kV/0.3kV ⁇ 184
  • the connection mode is changed according to the user load, and each is used as a charging pile for an electric vehicle in the vicinity.
  • buck station 1 working current 188A
  • buck station 2 working current 198A
  • buck station 3 working current 99A
  • buck station 4 working current 109A
  • Figure 4-1-1 Figure 4-1-2, Figure 4-2-1, Figure 4-2-2, Figure 4-3-1, Figure 4-3-2, Figure 4-4-1, Figure 4-4-2;
  • Figure 5-1-1 Figure 5-1-2, Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2, Figure 5-3-1, Figure 5-3-2, Figure 5-4-1, Figure 5-4-2.
  • Embodiment 3 Three-phase primary power supply combination booster station DC transport to three step-down stations
  • Power supply 1 - photovoltaic power station power is 2.4MW, output voltage is 480V, output current is 5000A; power supply 2 - photovoltaic power station power is 4.8MW, output voltage is 480V, output current is 10000A; power supply 3 - hydropower station After rectification (or DC power generation), the power is 6MW, the output voltage is 480V, and the output current is 12500A.
  • Boost station The battery pack is selected as A type, and the same specification, the nominal voltage is 400V, and the optimal charging current is 250A.
  • the booster station matched with the power source 1 has a battery pack number of 20; the booster station matched with the power source 2 has a battery pack number of 40; and the booster station matched with the power source 3 has a battery pack number of 50.
  • the voltage of each voltage dividing station is 8kV, 16kV and 20kV; after connecting in different places, the total voltage is 44kV, and the protection diode and the power grid Connected for transmission, the current delivered is 250A.
  • Buck station A total of three, respectively, buck station 1, buck station 2 and buck station 3, constitute the following.
  • Buck station 1 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 120V
  • the optimal charging current is 99A
  • Buck station 2 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 120V
  • the optimal charging current is 69A
  • Buck station 3 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 300V
  • the optimal charging current is 79A
  • the total number of groups is 36.67kV/0.3kV ⁇ 122
  • buck station 1 working current 99A
  • buck station 2 working current 69A
  • buck station 3 working current 79A
  • Figure 4-1-1 Figure 4-1-2, Figure 4-2-1, Figure 4-2-2, Figure 4-3-1, Figure 4-3-2, Figure 4-4-1, Figure 4-4-2;
  • Figure 5-1-1 Figure 5-1-2, Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2, Figure 5-3-1, Figure 5-3-2, Figure 5-4-1, Figure 5-4-2.
  • Embodiment 4 DC transmission of four step-down stations by a plurality of remote power supply combination booster stations
  • Power supply 1A - photovoltaic power station power is 24MW, output voltage is 480V, output current is 50000A; power supply 1B - photovoltaic power station power is 48MW, output voltage is 480V, output current is 100000A; power supply 1C - after hydropower station rectification (or DC power generation), power is 23MW, output voltage is 6300V, output current is 3650A; power supply 2 - photovoltaic power station power is 80MW, output voltage is 480V, output current is 166667A.
  • Boost station two booster stations, namely booster station 1 and booster station 2; booster station 1 has three remote sub-boosting stations connected in series, namely booster station 1A, booster station 1B, boost Station 1C; the battery packs of the booster stations 1A and 1B are selected to be of type A, and have the same specifications, a nominal voltage of 400V, and an optimum charging current of 400A.
  • the booster station 1A matched with the power source 1A has a battery pack number of 124; the booster station 1B matched with the power source 1B has a battery pack number of 250; and the battery pack of the booster station 1C is selected to be both type A, and
  • Buck station A total of four, respectively, buck station 1, buck station 2, buck station 3 and buck station 4, constitute the following.
  • Buck station 1 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 400V
  • the optimal charging current is 248A
  • the total number of groups is 164kV/0.4kV ⁇ 410
  • Buck station 2 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 400V
  • the optimal charging current is 200A
  • the total number of groups is 164kV/0.4kV ⁇ 410
  • Buck station 3 All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 500V
  • the optimal charging current is 150A
  • buck station 1 working current 248A
  • buck station 2 working current 200A
  • buck station 3 working current 150A
  • buck station 4 working current 130A
  • FIG. 4-2-1 Figure 4-2-2, Figure 4-3-1, Figure 4-3-2, Figure 4-4-1, Figure 4-4-2;
  • FIG. 1 Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2, Figure 5-3-1, Figure 5-3-2, Figure 5-4-1, Figure 5-4-2;
  • Embodiment 5 Primary power supply and optional booster station for DC transmission of a step-down station
  • the photovoltaic power station has a power of 14.4 MW and an output voltage of 480 V, and the output current is 30,000 A.
  • Boost station There are two types here: 1. High voltage boosting station, 2. High current boosting station.
  • the battery pack of the high voltage booster station is selected as type A, the nominal voltage is 400V, the optimal charging current is 200A, and the number of battery packs is 150; the battery pack of the large current booster station is selected as type A, nominal voltage is 400V, the best The charging current is 600A and the number of battery packs is 50.
  • the sum of the optimal charging currents of the battery packs of the two booster stations in parallel is equal to 30000A, which can realize the full power charging of the battery packs respectively.
  • Buck station All battery packs are of the same specification, which can be A, B, C.
  • the nominal voltage is 120V
  • the optimal charging current is 198A, which is slightly less than the current delivered by the high voltage booster station.
  • This kind of matching is suitable for an isolated photovoltaic power station to continuously supply power to the electricity users.
  • the two boosting stations are equivalent to the same pressure reducing station.
  • FIG. 4-2-1 Figure 4-2-2, Figure 4-3-1, Figure 4-3-2, Figure 4-4-1, Figure 4-4-2;
  • FIG. 1 Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2, Figure 5-3-1, Figure 5-3-2, Figure 5-4-1, Figure 5-4-2.
  • Embodiment 6 DC transmission of a power supply to a step-down station
  • the power of the photovoltaic power station is 2.4MW, the output voltage is 960V, and the output current is 2500A.
  • the battery pack can be A, B, C, the nominal voltage is the same, 120V, according to the optimal charging current respectively constitute the following combination:
  • each stack is changed to parallel, that is, divided into 7 battery packs, each of which independently supplies power to one user.
  • Primary power supply Wind turbine, uninverted DC output, power 1MW, output voltage 480V, output current 2083A.
  • Buck station B The battery pack can be A, B, C, the nominal voltage is the same, is 100V, according to the optimal charging current respectively constitute the following combination:
  • the nominal voltage of each of the above stacks is 400V in total.
  • each stack After charging, each stack is changed to a parallel connection of battery packs, and each battery pack independently supplies power to one user independently.
  • FIG. 4-2-1 Figure 4-2-2, Figure 4-3-1, Figure 4-3-2, Figure 4-4-1, Figure 4-4-2;
  • FIG. 1 Figure 5-2-1, Figure 5-2-2, Figure 5-3-1, Figure 5-3-2, Figure 5-4-1, Figure 5-4-2.
  • Embodiment 7 Open type full DC high voltage transmission and transformation power grid
  • the invention is suitable for establishing an open full DC high voltage power transmission and transformation power grid.
  • the state of the composition and application of such a power grid is described below.
  • GYDW is a high voltage power grid. There are already three booster stations and two buck stations connected to it.
  • the charging series stack 1 is composed of an A-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it is charged; it is connected to the high-voltage grid through a protection diode to transmit power to the grid.
  • DC interface 1 a DC charging interface for charging the series stack 1.
  • the charging series stack 2 is composed of an A-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it is charged; it is connected to the high-voltage grid through a protection diode to transmit power to the grid.
  • the series stack consists of three sub-series stacks: a charge series stack 2a, a charge series stack 2b and a charge series stack 2c. They are not in the same place and are at a distance from each other.
  • the DC interface 2a is a DC charging interface provided for charging the series stack 2a;
  • the DC interface 2b is a DC charging interface set for the charging series stack 2b;
  • the DC interface 2c is a DC charging interface set for the charging series reactor 2c .
  • the charging series reactor 3 is composed of an A-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is grayed out to indicate that it is charged; it is connected to the high-voltage grid through a protection diode to transmit power to the grid.
  • the connecting cable is dotted and indicates that it is omitted.
  • the DC interface 3 is a low voltage charging interface provided for the charging series stack 3.
  • the purpose of the protection diode described above is to prevent current from flowing from the grid to the charging series.
  • the charged battery pack 1 is composed of a B-type or C-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is colorless, indicating that the battery pack is being charged.
  • the charged battery string has been associated with three load interfaces, which are: load interface 1a, load interface 1b and load interface 1c, respectively, the battery pack being charged, the battery pack being assembled in parallel, and the battery pack being charged in series. Load interface.
  • the charged battery pack 2 is composed of a B-type or C-type battery pack.
  • the battery pack is colorless, indicating that the battery pack is being charged.
  • the charged battery string has been associated with three load interfaces, which are a load interface 2a, a load interface 2b and a load interface 2c, which are respectively a battery pack to be charged, a battery pack in parallel, and a battery pack connected in series. Load interface.
  • the grid is equipped with a reserved interface, which is reserved for the charging series reactor or the charged battery pack that meets the technical specifications in the future, and is also connected to the high-voltage power grid; an open extension grid is also provided, which can be connected to a further regional power grid.
  • Figure 7-2 shows another working state of the same grid.
  • the charging series stack 3 is disconnected from the high voltage grid and is connected to the DC interface, in parallel with each other, and is subjected to low voltage DC charging.
  • the charged battery string 2 is disconnected from the high voltage power grid, and each battery pack, parallel combination, and series stack are disconnected from each other, and each is connected to its own load interface, and independently supplies power to its own load: load interface 2a, Connected to its own series stack; load interface 2b, connected in parallel with its own; load interface 2c, connected to its own battery pack.
  • Each of the charging series reactors and each of the charged battery strings has two working states of being charged and powered, but the periods of their working state transitions are different. Therefore, the working state of the entire power grid has many combinations and is constantly changing; the above two examples are enough to make people think that there are still dozens of possible states.
  • the transition of the operating state of each booster station and each buck station shall be regulated by the grid management control center.
  • the hardware and software for the entire management, control, adjustment, and detection belong to the category of smart grid technology, and the present invention does not.
  • the implementation of the present invention gives the power grid the following characteristics: the battery packs for boosting are detached from the power grid when charged, and are only connected to the power grid when they are charging the remote battery pack; They are connected to the grid when charging, and they are disconnected from the grid when they are powered by appliances or LAN. That is to say, if the power grid fails, the power station can continue to work, and the charging of the battery pack can continue, and the battery pack at the power supply end can continue to supply power to the electrical appliance.
  • This feature makes the power supply system more secure, and the handling of grid accidents becomes calm, making the control and management system simple and reliable.
  • the implementation of the invention can closely combine power generation, energy storage and power supply. It has strong tolerance to the fluctuation of the power generation end and the end point.
  • the implementation of the invention can obtain high quality direct current and eliminate various types of alternating harmonics.
  • the implementation of the present invention eliminates the conversion of DC to AC and AC to DC, and relies on the conversion between electrical energy and chemical energy. Whether the latter is more energy efficient requires a battery of high quality and high energy storage density to give an answer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明"全直流升降压输送电系统及方法"属于电力输送系统及关键技术。目前,输送直流电须依靠交流变压器来升、降电压,因而须依靠交、直流之间的转换。本发明提出了不用变压器,不作交直流转换的直流输、变电方法。其要点是:升压:使用一定数量的蓄电池组并联,受直流电源充电后,脱离电源,变并联为串联而获得高压,接入电网送电;然后再脱离电网、变回并联被充电。降压:将一定数量的蓄电池组串联,接入电网被充电,充电后脱离电网,按用户的要求进行拆分和组合为用户供电;然后再变回串联接入电网被充电。本发明提出了相应的成套方法以实现上述功能,进而构建开放的全直流送变电网,达到发直流电、输直流电、用直流电的目标。

Description

全直流升降压输送电系统及方法 一、技术领域
本发明属于电力输送系统及其关键技术。
二、背景技术
电力技术的发展是从直流电开始的,1882年爱迪生电气照明公司在伦敦建立了第一座直流发电站。同年,尼古拉·特斯拉发明了世界上第一台交流电发电机。1884年到1885年,匈牙利K.Zipernowsky、O.Bláthy和M.Déri提出了心式和壳式铁心变压器技术。1893年4月,美国A.E.Kennelly提出,如果交流电是正弦波,就可以引入“阻抗”概念,并利用欧姆定律来计算交流电路。这篇论文成为电气工程技术的基础。相比于直流电很难升降压,交流电因可利用变压器可方便地改变电压,使得交流输电和交流电网得到迅速的发展,形成了发交流电——输送交流电——使用交流电的格局。
随着输电距离的延长和输电功率的增加,输电电压也就不断提高,交流输电技术在实际应用中的各种缺陷显露了出来。权衡了交流输电和直流输电的经济效益和运行特性后,直流输电技术被重新拾起。
进入上世纪50年代,再次出现的直流输电技术是建立在交流发电和交流配电的基础上。即,先将输送端的交流电整流为直流电,由直流输电线路送到受端,再将直流电逆变为交流电,送入接受端的交流电网。之所以使用这样的模式,是因为电压升降的功能仍然只能由交流变压器来完成。1914年,可实现整流和逆变的栅控汞弧阀的概念诞生,十多年后研制成功,在1954年始应用于直流输电,导致瑞典建成了一个具有里程碑意义的、连接瑞典大陆与哥特兰岛的海底电缆的直流输电系统。
直流输电技术的发展是以如何整流与逆变为标志。在1977年以后,晶闸管阀换流器(可控硅二极管,SCR)替代了栅控汞弧阀;此后20多年间占据着直流输电的统治地位,使输电距离、输电功率、输电电压,因而直流输电系统的数目都有了大幅度提高。上世纪90年代诞生了柔性直流输电技术,是一种以电压源换流器(Voltage Source Converter,VSC)、自关断器件和脉宽调制(PWM)技术为基础的新型输电技术。后来,IEEE将其正式称为VSC-HVDC(Voltage Source Converter based HVDC),即“电压源换流器型高压直流输电”。
VSC-HVDC输电技术发展至今,取得了很大的进展。显示出了许多优于晶闸管阀换流器直流输电的优势,也显示出了比交流输电更大的优势。例如:功率传输更为稳定,电缆绝缘用于直流的允许工作电压比用于交流时高两倍,直流输电控制系统响应快速、调节精确、操作方便、能实现多目标控制,在导线截面积相同、输送有用功率相等的条件下,直流线路功率损耗约为交流线路的2/3,直流输电的线路走廊其传输效率能高于交流线路的2倍甚至更多。可是就线路建设而言,直流输电换流站投资占比重很大,使直流输电线路的建设费用十分昂贵。因此,推动VSC-HVDC输电技术发展在当前十分重要。
随着大功率电力电子元器件及其控制技术的发展,通过电力电子变换技术实现电压变换和能量传递的电力电子变压器(PET)——直流变压器得到了越来越多的关注。这种直流变压器在上世纪末被提出,它的工作原理是,通过高频斩波、变压并隔离、高频整流来实现从一种直流电压到与之成正比的另一种或多种直流电压的变换。它的优点是:具有接近100%的等效占空比,结构简单,自身能耗比工频变压器低 得多,可通过提高开关频率来提高功率密度。
应该注意到,这种所谓“直流”的变压器,在变压环节仍然需要通过交流变压器来实现。因此,仍然需要一个直流变交流的斩波环节和一个交流变直流的整流环节。这样,它和已有的直流变压技术在本质上是相同的。
本发明采用蓄电池组作为主要元件,运用连接方式的变换,在一端使蓄电池组构成并联接受低电压充电,然后改变成串联获得高压向远端送电;在远端使蓄电池组构成串联接受充电,然后拆分为若干单个蓄电池组、若干多个蓄电池组的并联组合、若干多个蓄电池组的串联组合再对各类负载供电;将上述两种联接方式各自还原,并如此循环往复,从而实现直流电的储存、升压、输电、降压和供电。所有过程不再需要交直流的转换,所以称之为全直流升降压输送电系统。本发明为此提供了成套方法。
面对可再生能源发电,特别是光伏发电比例的节节攀升,输电技术与工程的格局势必发生重大变化。从光伏发电占总发电量的2%,到5%,到10%,再到超过50%,一个“发直流电,用直流电,输送直流电”的时代即将到来。到那时,全直流变压输电技术势会是一种良好的选择,并有希望成为全球未来能源互联网的基本构架。
三、发明内容
本发明为全直流升降压输送电系统提供了成套方法,其要点如下:
1.1全直流升降压输电系统中的直流升压设施——升压站。升压站的主体是由一定数量蓄电池组构成的充电串联堆,及服务于充电串联堆的硬件和软件。为此提出如下定义:
充电串联堆——以一定数量(数目由电网电压和蓄电池组的规格决定)型号、标称电压、额定容量相同的蓄电池组构成。所有蓄电池组先行并联接受一次直流电源充电。直流电源可以是光伏电站、燃料电池电站、直接输出直流的风力发电机、水电站发出的交流电直接整流后的直流电源、火电站发出的交流电整流后的直流电源、以及水力和火力的直流发电机。充电后,所有蓄电池组变更联接方式为串联,成为高压电源,接入高压电网后实施远程送电,即进入蓄电池组的放电过程;放电结束后,所有蓄电池组与高压电网断开,再次变更联接方式为并联,接受一次电源的低压充电。如此往复使用。
升压站硬件:为蓄电池组具有上述功能的设施。它包含适应于蓄电池组安装的固定机构和装置,实现蓄电池组串联、并联以及串并联互换等功能和实现充电串联堆与电网、直流电源、地线联接等功能的电缆、接口、开关、转换开关、以及功率二极管、地线等。这些设施,将保证该站内的蓄电池组一当安装妥当就能接受充电或接入高压进行远程送电,而且可以按需要更换或更新蓄电池组。
充电串联堆的蓄电池组的标称电压与最佳充电电流应决定于上述直流电源的输出电压和电流,还决定于电网电压,具体关系如下:
充电条件
设一次直流电源的输出电压为V c,蓄电池组的标称电压则为V b≈V c/1.2;蓄电池组的最佳充电电流I b和数目n最好与一次直流电源的输出的电流I c相匹配,即
I c≈nI b
输电条件
设电网电压为V w,蓄电池组标称电压为V b,再设所有蓄电池组成串联堆后接入电网输电,则有
V w≈nV b,于是n≈V w/V b
1.2全直流升降压输电系统中的直流降压设施——降压站。降压站的主体是由一定数量的蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串,及服务于被充电蓄电池组串的硬件和软件。为此提出如下定义:
被充电蓄电池组串——以一定数量(数目由电网电压、负载需求和蓄电池组的规格决定)充电放电特性和最佳充电电流相同的蓄电池组构成。所有蓄电池组先行串联接入高压电网被充电。充电后,所有蓄电池组与高压电网断开,或各自成为直流电源对负载(用电器)、用电户供电,或并联为低压大电流电源对负载供电,或串联为不同电压的直流电源对负载、微网、分布式电网、局域电网供电;放电结束后,所有蓄电池组与负载和负载电网断开,再次变更联接方式为串联,接入高压电网被充电。如此往复使用。
降压站硬件:它包含适应于蓄电池组安装的固定机构和装置,实现被充电蓄电池组串串联、并联、串并联互换等功能、实现被充电蓄电池组串拆分及组合等功能和实现被充电蓄电池组串与电网、负载、地线连接等功能的电缆、接口、开关、转换开关、地线等。这些设施,将保证该站内的蓄电池组一当安装妥当就能接受充电,或接入负载、用户进行供电,而且可以按需要更换或更新蓄电池组。
被充电蓄电池组串的蓄电池组的标称电压和额定容量与最佳充电电流由下述条件决定:
蓄电池组选择不受充电串联堆的蓄电池组规格的限制。所有蓄电池组的最佳充电电流必须相同,它们的标称电压和额定容量可以不同,但需由负载种类及其个数来决定被充电蓄电池组串的电压、电流强度标称值和个数。
被充电蓄电池组串的总电压V bc
V bc≈V w/1.2
其中,V w为当地高压电网的输出电压。
被充电蓄电池组串按负载要求,构成串联堆、并联组合、和蓄电池组。
附图1-1、1-2A、1-2B、1-2C给出了由一个升压站和一个降压站组成的全直流升降压输电系统示意图。附图1-1描述的状况是:直流电源在向充电串联堆充电。被充电蓄电池组串既未与电网联接,也未与负载联接;它们中一部分将串联为负载供电,一部分将并联为负载供电,一个蓄电池组将单独地为负载供电。附图1-2A描述的状况是:充电串联堆已和高压电网联接在向远端输电。被充电蓄电池组串也与高压电网接通,接受充电。附图1-2B描述的状况是:充电串联堆分成三个子堆(蓄电池组数目相同)轮流接入高压电网送电。附图1-2C描述的状况是:充电串联堆还原为所有蓄电池组的并联,再次接受直流电源充电;而被充电蓄电池组串变更联接后成为三个电源,一个是多个蓄电池组的串联,一个是一些蓄电池组的并联,一个是单一蓄电池组,它们分别与自己的负载接口接通,对负载供电。
1.3全直流升降压输电系统中,蓄电池组可以异地串联达到电压要求而接入直流电网成为直流电源。也就是说,可以由几个低压升压站串联构成一个总的高压升压站,前者称为子升压站,后者称为联合升压站。每一个子升压站有自己的一次电源为自己充电,这几个一次电源可以在不同的地点,当然也可以是不同性质的电源。联合升压站内的蓄电池组数目,由电网电压和蓄电池组标称电压决定。附图1-3和附图1-4给出一个联合升压站结构和状态的示意图。
1.4为适应本发明的使用,本发明提出对普通的蓄电池组加装一些器件、配件。按加装与否,以及加装方式,提出三种型号。即,A型蓄电池组,B型蓄电池组,C型蓄电池组,它们的定义如下:
A型蓄电池组如附图1-5所示,就是普通的蓄电池组,没有加装任何器件、配件。但是,升压站和降压站应给它的正极配置一个单刀单掷开关,给它的负极配置一个单刀双掷开关。
B型蓄电池组如附图1-6所示,在普通的蓄电池组正极加装一个二极管,其作用是允许电流流入蓄电池组,阻止电流流出。在二极管与正极之间安装一个单刀双掷开关。其中一掷使正极与二极管接通,让蓄电池组接受充电;另一掷和负载联接,这一掷与正极接通就让蓄电池组对负载供电。降压站应给它的正极配置一个单刀单掷开关,给它的负极配置一个单刀双掷开关。
C型蓄电池组如附图1-7所示,在普通的蓄电池组负极加装一个二极管,其作用是允许电流流出蓄电池组,阻止电流流入。在二极管与负极之间安装一个单刀双掷开关。其中一掷使正负与二极管接通,让蓄电池组接受充电并与后面的蓄电池组正极联接;另一掷和地线联接。降压站应给它的正极配置一个单刀双掷开关,给它的负极配置一个单刀单掷开关。
2.1本发明提出了升压站内的电缆、开关联接线路图,见附图2-1及其说明。按照本图的联接方式,已把A型蓄电池组构成为充电串联堆,接通电网向电网送电。本发明提出变换一系列开关联接位置的方式,使所有蓄电池组成为并联,正极与直流电源联接,负极与地线联接,从而接受低电压充电,见附图2-2及其说明。
3.1本发明提出了A型蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串在充电结束后,存在三种典型的联接方式——单个蓄电池组、蓄电池组的并联组合、蓄电池组串联堆——对负载供电。下面将给出具体的线路图和实施过程。
3.2本发明提出了A型蓄电池组和相应降压站的电缆、开关联接线路图,见附图3-1-1及其说明。在这个图中,所有的蓄电池组呈串联,构成了被充电蓄电池组串。其时,蓄电池组串接通高压接口,二极管导通,所有蓄电池组接受充电。这个二极管能阻止被充电蓄电池组串向高压电网送电。
在充电结束后,蓄电池组串与高压接口断开,改变各个蓄电池组正极和负极的开关的投掷位置,各个蓄电池组便独立地对自己的负载供电,见附图3-1-2及其说明。
3.3本发明提出了在A型被充电蓄电池组串内,在充电结束后一部分蓄电池组如何连接成为并联组合作电源的线路图和实施办法。见在附图3-1-3及其说明。
3.4本发明提出了在A型被充电蓄电池组串在接受充电时的连接线路,见附图3-2-1及其说明。还提出了在这个A型被充电蓄电池组串充电结束后,一部分蓄电池组如何连接成为串联堆的线路图和相应实施办法,见附图3-2-2及其说明。
3.5综合上述3.3与3.4的设计,本发明提出的联接线路图可以给A型被充电蓄电池组串充电,并在充电后构成一些串联堆的直流电源和并联组合的直流电源,各自对自己的负载供电。见附图3-2-3及其说明。
4.1本发明定义的B型蓄电池组,也可以像A型蓄电池组那样,在构成为被充电蓄电池组串接受充电后,存在三种典型的联接方式——单个蓄电池组、蓄电池组的并联组合、蓄电池组串联堆——对负载供电。下面将给出具体的线路图和实施办法。
4.2本发明提出了B型蓄电池组和相应降压站的电缆、开关联接线路图,见附图4-1-1及其说明。在这个图中,所有的蓄电池组呈串联,构成了被充电蓄电池组串。其时,开关83直接接通高压接口,所有蓄电池组接受充电。
在充电结束后,开关83断开;改变各个蓄电池组正极和负极的开关的投掷位置,各个蓄电池组便独 立地对自己的负载供电,见附图4-1-2及其说明。
4.3本发明提出了在B型被充电蓄电池组串内,当充电结束后一部分蓄电池组如何连接成为并联组合作电源的线路图和实施办法。其特点是,降压站需为B型蓄电池组的正极设置旁路电缆,接受充电时,旁路电缆悬空,见附图4-2-1及其说明。在充电结束后,正极与旁路电缆接通,负极与地线接通,实现并联供电,见附图4-2-2及其说明。
4.4为实现B型蓄电池组串在充电后,有一部分B型蓄电池组构成串联堆对负载供电,本发明提出了相应的线路图。这个线路图可以同附图4-2-1相同,但也可以省去串联堆第一个蓄电池组正极的旁路电缆,见附图4-3-1及其说明。在充电结束后,这个串联堆内,上一个蓄电池组的负极通过旁路电缆与后一个蓄电池组的正极联接,从而以串联的方式对负载供电,见附图4-3-2及其说明。
4.5综合上述4.3与4.4的设计,本发明提出的联接线路图可以给B型被充电蓄电池组串充电,并在充电后构成一些串联堆的直流电源和并联组合的直流电源,各自对自己的负载供电。见图附4-4-1和附图4-4-2,以及它们的说明。
5.1本发明定义的C型蓄电池组,也可以像A型蓄电池组那样,在构成为被充电蓄电池组串接受充电后,存在三种典型的联接方式——单个蓄电池组、蓄电池组的并联组合、蓄电池组串联堆——对负载供电。下面将给出具体的线路图和实施办法。
5.2本发明提出了C型蓄电池组和相应降压站的电缆、开关联接线路图,见图附5-1-1及其说明。在这个图中,所有的蓄电池组呈串联,构成了被充电蓄电池组串。在充电结束后,改变各个蓄电池组正极和负极的开关的投掷位置,各个蓄电池组便独立地对自己的负载供电,见附图5-1-2及其说明。
5.3本发明提出了在C型被充电蓄电池组串内,当充电结束后一部分蓄电池组如何连接成为并联组合作电源的线路图和实施办法。见附图5-2-1、附图5-2-2及它们的说明。
5.4为实现C型蓄电池组串在充电后,有一部分C型蓄电池组构成串联堆对负载供电,内本发明提出了相应的线路图。其特点是,降压站要为蓄电池组的负极设置旁路电缆,见附图5-3-1及其说明。在充电结束后,这个串联堆内,上一个蓄电池组的负极通过旁路电缆与后一个蓄电池组的正极联接,从而以串联的方式对负载供电,见附图5-3-2及其说明。
5.5综合上述5.3与5.4的设计,本发明提出的联接线路图可以给C型被充电蓄电池组串充电,并在充电后构成一些串联堆的直流电源和并联组合的直流电源,各自对自己的负载供电。见图附5-4-1和附图5-4-2,以及它们的说明。
6.1本发明提出了B型蓄电池组、C型蓄电池组在被充电过程中的在线脱离方式。脱离之后的蓄电池组可以再搬离安装位置,或不搬离安装位置作直流电源对负载供电。见附图6-1、附图6-2、以及它们的说明。
7.1本发明提出的“全直流升降压输电系统”实际上描述的是“开放式全直流升降压电站及输送电网”。其特征之一是:全直流高压送变电电网不仅仅是一个充电串联堆升压站对应一个被充电蓄电池组串降压站的模式,而是可以联接多个充电串联堆升压站,接纳多个被充电蓄电池组串降压站的电网。其特征之二是:维持电网的一次电源与高压电网未直接联接。因此,可以接受不同类型、不同发电量的一次电源的电能馈入,完全可以容忍间歇性发电、随机性发电的一次电源的电能馈入。特征之三是:用电器和次级电网不和高压电网直接连接,它们的工作状态或故障和高压电网的运行没有相互作用。特征之二和之三为特征之一提供了技术手段和可行性。本发明提出了“开放式全直流升降压电站及输送电网”的 结构模式、工作方式和实施例,见附图7-1、7-2、及其说明。
7.2为了保证一次电源不停顿地为开放式全直流高压送变电电网供电,升压站应该有两套或更多套的充电串联堆,以便轮流接受一次电源的电能馈入。同样,为保证降压站对负载不停电,也应该安装两套或多套被充电蓄电池组串,以便轮流地、不间断地供电。
应该说明:间歇性发电、随机性发电的一次电源对充电串联堆充电时会有如下情况:(1)一当充电串联堆充满电,就停止充电,把它接入电网;如果该一次电源仍在发电,就对另一个(或备用)充电串联堆充电。(2)如果一次电源已停止发电而充电串联堆未充满电,则可使充电串联堆等待该一次电源下次发电时再继续充电;或者,如果未充满电的充电串联堆达到了电网要求的电压标准,也可以不等待继续充电而接入电网送电。
四、附图说明
图1-1 基本构架1
GYDL:高压电缆(高压电网)。
K01:开关01,单刀双掷,横向与直流电源联接,所有蓄电池组并联接受充电;K03:开关03,单刀单掷,横向与高压电缆断开。DL0:电缆0;DL8:电缆8。
ZLJK1:直流接口1。与直流电源联接的接口,已和蓄电池组00等的正极联接。
FZJK1:负载接口1,蓄电池组串联堆作为电源与负载的接口,未和蓄电池组的正极联接;FZJK2:负载接口2,蓄电池组并联组合作为电源与负载的接口,未和蓄电池组的正极联接;FZJK3:负载接口3,蓄电池组作为电源与负载的接口,未和蓄电池组的正极联接。
XDCZ00:蓄电池组00,无填充色,表示放电后在接受充电,所有蓄电池组呈并联;XDCZ11:蓄电池组11,无填充色,表示未被充电充电。
图1-2A 基本构架2
GYDL:高压电缆(高压电网)。
K01:开关01,纵向使电缆0与高压电缆联接,所有蓄电池组串联成为高压电源;K03:开关03,纵向使电缆8接通高压电缆,所有蓄电池组串联接受充电。DL0:电缆0;DL8:电缆8。
ZLJK1:直流接口1。与直流电源联接的接口,未与蓄电池组联接。
FZJK1:负载接口1,蓄电池组串联堆作为电源与负载的接口,未与蓄电池组联接;FZJK2:负载接口2,蓄电池组并联组合作为电源与负载的接口,未与蓄电池组联接;FZJK3:负载接口3,蓄电池组作为电源与负载的接口,未与蓄电池组联接。
XDCZ00:蓄电池组00,填充灰色,表示已充满电在送电,所有蓄电池组呈串联;XDCZ11:蓄电池组11,无填充色,表示正在被充电,所有蓄电池组呈串联。
图1-2B 基本构架3
GYDL:高压电缆(高压电网)。
K01:开关01,纵向使电缆0与高压电缆联接;K03:开关03,纵向使电缆8接通高压电缆,所有蓄电池组串联接受充电。DL0:电缆0;DL8:电缆8。
CDCLD-1:充电串联堆1,堆内的蓄电池组数目为总数的三分之一,通过开关01与高压电缆接通,对电网送电;CDCLD-2:充电串联堆2,堆内的蓄电池组数目为总数的三分之一,等待与高压电缆接通; CDCLD-3:充电串联堆3,堆内的蓄电池组数目为总数的三分之一,等待与高压电缆接通。
ZLJK1:直流接口1。与直流电源联接的接口,未与蓄电池组联接。
FZJK1:负载接口1,蓄电池组串联堆作为电源与负载的接口,未与蓄电池组联接;FZJK2:负载接口2,蓄电池组并联组合作为电源与负载的接口,未与蓄电池组联接;FZJK3:负载接口3,蓄电池组作为电源与负载的接口,未与蓄电池组联接。
XDCZ00:蓄电池组00,填充灰色,表示已充满电在送电或可以送电,各子堆的所有蓄电池组呈串联;XDCZ11:蓄电池组11,无填充色,表示正在被充电,所有蓄电池组呈串联。
图1-2C 基本构架4
GYDL:高压电缆(高压电网)。
K01:开关01,横向与直流电源联接;K03:开关03,横向与高压电缆断开。DL0:电缆0;DL8:电缆8。
ZLJK1:直流接口1。与直流电源联接的接口,已和所有蓄电池组00的正极联接。
FZJK1:负载接口1,蓄电池组串联堆作为电源与负载的接口,已和一个蓄电池组串联堆的第一个蓄电池组正极联接;FZJK2:负载接口2,蓄电池组并联组合作为电源与负载的接口,已和一个蓄电池组并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极联接;FZJK3:负载接口3,蓄电池组作为电源与负载的接口,已和一个蓄电池组的正极联接。
XDCZ00:蓄电池组00,无填充色,表示在接受充电,所有蓄电池组呈并联;XDCZ11:蓄电池组11,填充灰色,表示已充满电;蓄电池组串联堆内的蓄电池组呈串联,并联组合内的蓄电池组呈并联。
图1-3 异地充电串联堆再串联为充电串联堆
GYJK5:高压接口5。
CDCLD-ZD1:充电串联堆-子堆1;CDCLD-ZD2:充电串联堆-子堆2;CDCLD-ZD3:充电串联堆-子堆3。
DL00:电缆00,联接充电串联堆-子堆1和开关85或直流接口2的电缆;DL01:电缆01,联接充电串联堆-子堆2和开关86或直流接口3的电缆;DL02:电缆02,联接充电串联堆-子堆3和开关87或直流接口4的电缆;DL20:电缆20,联接联接充电串联堆-子堆1和充电串联堆-子堆2的电缆;DL21:电缆21,联接联接充电串联堆-子堆2和充电串联堆-子堆3的电缆。
K85:开关85,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆00与高压接口接通;K86:开关86,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆20与电缆01接通;K87:开关87,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆21与电缆02接通;K93:开关93,单刀双掷,横向向右使充电串联堆-子堆1末端的蓄电池组负极与电缆20联接;K94:开关94,单刀双掷,横向向右使充电串联堆-子堆2末端的蓄电池组负极与电缆21联接。且所有蓄电池组的负极皆与下一个蓄电池组的正极连接。
图1-4 异地充电串联堆接受不同直流电源充电
GYJK5:高压接口5。
CDCLD-ZD1:充电串联堆-子堆1;CDCLD-ZD2:充电串联堆-子堆2;CDCLD-ZD3:充电串联堆-子堆3。
DL00:电缆00,该电缆上的开关全部接通以保证充电串联堆-子堆1的蓄电池组呈并联联接;DL01:电缆01,该电缆上的开关全部接通以保证充电串联堆-子堆2的蓄电池组呈并联联接,DL02:电缆02,该电缆上的开关全部接通以保证充电串联堆-子堆3的蓄电池组呈并联联接;DL20:电缆20;DL21:电缆21。
K85:开关85,横向使电缆00与直流接口2联接;K86:开关86,横向使电缆01与直流接口3联接;K87: 开关87,横向使电缆02与直流接口4联接;K93:开关93,横向向左使充电串联堆-子堆1末端的蓄电池组负极与地线联接;K94:开关94,横向向左使充电串联堆-子堆2末端的蓄电池组负极与地线联接。且所有蓄电池组的负极皆与地线连接。
图1-5 A型蓄电池组示意图
XDCZ-1:A型蓄电池组,虚线框表示,由许多通用的蓄电池并联、串联构成;DJ1:蓄电池组正极;DJ2:蓄电池组负极。
K11:开关11,单刀双掷;K12:开关12,单刀三掷。二者是升压站或降压站为A型蓄电池组设置的开关。
图1-6 B型蓄电池组示意图
XDCZ-2:B型蓄电池组,虚线框表示,由许多通用的蓄电池并联、串联构成。有如下附件:
DJ1:蓄电池组正极;DJ2:蓄电池组负极;EJ1:二极管1(或其他仅允许单向导电的电子器件),安装在B型蓄电池组正极前,向下导通;K20:开关20,单刀双掷,是蓄电池组正极与二极管1之间的开关。
K61:开关61,单刀双掷;K62:开关62,单刀三掷。二者是降压站为B型蓄电池组设置的开关。
图1-7 C型蓄电池组示意图
XDCZ-3:C型蓄电池组,虚线框表示,由许多通用的蓄电池并联、串联构成。有如下附件:
DJ1:蓄电池组正极;DJ2:蓄电池组负极。EJ2:二极管2(或其他仅允许单向导电的电子器件),安装在C型蓄电池组负极后,向上导通。K30:开关30,单刀三掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管2接通。
K91:开关91,单刀双掷;K92:开关92,单刀三掷。二者是降压站为C型蓄电池组设置的开关。
图2-1 升压站的A型充电串联堆作高压电源送电
GYJK1:高压接口1,与高压电缆联接。EJ:二极管。A型蓄电池组构成的充电串联堆与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向上导通。ZLJK1:直流接口1,与直流电源联接接。
DL0:电缆0;DL2:电缆2。蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。
K01:开关01,单刀双掷,纵向将电缆0接通高压电缆;K11:开关11,单刀单掷,纵向将蓄电池组正极与电缆0接通;K12:开关12,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与电缆2接通;K13:开关13,单刀单掷,纵向将蓄电池组正极与电缆2接通;K14:开关14,单刀双掷,横向将最后一个蓄电池组的负极与与地线1接通;K51:开关51,单刀单掷,打开时,蓄电池组成为串联。
DX1:地线。
图2-2 升压站的A型充电串联堆放电后成并联被充电
GYJK1:高压接口1。EJ:二极管。A型蓄电池组构成的充电串联堆与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向上导通;ZLJK1。直流接口1,与低压直流电源联接。
DL0:电缆0;DL2:电缆2。蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。
K01:开关01,横向将电缆DL0与直流接口1联接,接受直流电源充电;K11:开关11,保持蓄电池组正极与电缆1接通;K12:开关12,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线1接通;K13:开关13,保持蓄电池组正极与电缆2接通;K14:开关14,保持最后一个蓄电池组的负极与地线1接通;K51:开关51,横向接通,将蓄电池组正极并联。
DX1:地线。
图3-1-1 降压站的A型被充电蓄电池组串接受充电
GYJK8:高压接口8。与高压电缆联接。EJ:二极管。A型被充电蓄电池组串与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向下导通。K81:开关81。单刀双掷,纵向与高压接口联接,蓄电池组串联接受充电。
FZJK0:负载接口0;FZJK4:负载接口4;FZJK5:负载接口5。
DL8:电缆8。开关81和蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL9:电缆9。蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。
K15:开关15,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电8接通;K16:开关16,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组负极与电缆9接通;K17:开关17,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电9接通;K18:开关18,单刀双掷,横向使末端蓄电池组的负极与地线接2通。K71:开关71,单刀双掷,被充电时断开。
DX2:地线2。
图3-1-2 降压站的A型被充电蓄电池组串充电后各自作电源
GYJK8:高压接口8。EJ:二极管,A型蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向下导通。K81:开关81,将电缆DL8与高压接口断开,横向与负载接口0连接。
FZJK0:负载接口0;FZJK4:负载接口4,在本图中与负载接口0等效;FZJK5:负载接口5。
DL8:电缆8,开关81和蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL9:电缆9。蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。
K15:开关15,横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口4接通,也可保持纵向;K16:开关16,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线2接通;K17:开关17,横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口5接通;K18:开关18,保持横向使末端电池组的负极与地线接2通。K71:开关71,蓄电池组各自独立供电时断开。
DX2:地线2。
图3-1-3 降压站的A型被充电蓄电池组串充电后并联作电源
GYJK8:高压接口8。EJ:二极管,A型蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向下导通。K81:开关81,横向将电缆8与高压接口断开,横向与负载接口0连接。
FZJK0:负载接口0;FZJK4:负载接口4,在本图中与负载接口0等效;FZJK10:负载接口10。
DL8:电缆8,开关81和蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89。蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组并联组合(由虚线框表示)联接的电缆;DL9:电缆9,蓄电池组之间的联接电缆,本图中电缆9将并联组合内的所有蓄电池组的正极并联在一起;DL10:电缆10,蓄电池组并联组合与后面的蓄电池组联接的电缆。
K15:开关15,横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口4接通,也可保持纵向;K16:开关16,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线2联接;K15a:开关15a,保持纵向,使蓄电池组正极与电缆89和开关72接通;K16a:开关16a,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线3联接;K17:开关17,保持纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆9接通;K18:开关18,保持横向使并联组合的末端电池组负极与地线接2通。K71:开关71,供电时断开;K72:开关72,双刀双掷,供电时接通;K73:开关73,单刀双掷,供电时断开。
DX2:地线2;DX3:地线3。
图3-2-1 降压站的A型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆)被充电
GYJK8:高压接口8,与高压电缆联接。EJ:二极管,A型蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向下导通。K82:开关82,纵向将电缆8与高压接口8联接。
DL8:电缆8,蓄电池组正极与开关82之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89,蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组串联堆(由虚线框表示)之间的联接电缆;DL11:电缆11,蓄电池组串联堆内各蓄电池组之间实施串联的电缆。DL12:电缆12,蓄电池组串联堆内与后面的蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。
FZJK4:负载接口4;FZJK6:负载接口6。
K15:开关15。纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆8联接;K16:开关16,纵向使蓄电池组负极与电缆89联接。
K15b:开关15b。单刀双掷,纵向接通,使蓄电池组串联堆的正极与电缆89联接又与前面的蓄电池组负极联接;K16b:开关16b,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组负极与电缆11联接;K15c:开关15c,单刀双掷,保持纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆11联接;K17b:开关K17b,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆11联接并与上一蓄电池组负极联接;K18b:开关18b,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组串联堆末端蓄电池组的负极与电缆12联接。K71:开关71,被充电时断开;K76:开关76,单刀双掷,被充电时断开。
n:蓄电池组n。表示此蓄电池组在串联堆内为多个重复。
DX2:地线2;DX3:地线3;DX4:地线4。
图3-2-2 降压站的A型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆)充电后作电源
GYJK8:高压接口8。EJ:二极管,A型蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向下导通。K82:开关82,横向将电缆8与高压接口8断开。
DL8:电缆8,蓄电池组正极与开关82之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89,之间实施串联的电缆;DL11:电缆11,蓄电池组串联堆内各蓄电池组之间实施串联的电缆;DL12:电缆12,蓄电池组串联堆末端电池组与后面的蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。
FZJK4:负载接口4;FZJK6:负载接口6。
K15:开关15。横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口4接通;K16:开关16,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线2接通;K15b:开关15b,横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口6接通;K16b:开关16b保持纵向使蓄电池组负极与电缆11联接;K15c:开关15c,保持纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆11联接;K17b:开关K17b,保持纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆11联接;K18b:开关18b,横向使蓄电池组串联堆的末端电池组负极与地线4接通;K71:开关71,供电时断开;K76:开关76,供电时断开。
n:蓄电池组n。表示此蓄电池组在串联堆内为多个重复。
DX2:地线2;DX3:地线3;DX4:地线4。
图3-2-3 降压站的A型蓄电池组被高压充电后以串联堆及并联组合的形式各自作电源
GYJK8:高压接口8。EJ:二极管,A型蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串与高压电网之间的保护二极管,向下导通。K82:开关82,横向将电缆8与高压接口8断开。
FZJK6:负载接口6;FZJK10:负载接口10。
DL8:电缆8,蓄电池组正极与开关82之间的联接电缆;DL9:电缆9,蓄电池组并联组合内蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL10:电缆10,蓄电池组并联组合内最后一个蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL11:电缆11,蓄电池组串联堆内蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL12:电缆12,蓄电池组串联堆与蓄电池组并联组合之间的联接电缆。
串联堆(由左面的虚线框表示)构成:
K15b:开关15b,横向,使蓄电池组串联堆的正极与负载接口6联接;K16b:开关16b,纵向使蓄电池组负极与电缆11联接;K17b:开关17b,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆11联接;K18b:开关18b,横向使蓄电池组串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极与地线4联接。
DX3:地线3;DX4:地线4。
并联组合(由右面的虚线框表示)构成:
K15a:开关15a,纵向使蓄电池组正极与开关72联接;K16a:开关16a,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线22 联接;K17:开关17,纵向使蓄电池组正极经由电缆9与负载接口10接通,K18:开关18,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线22联接;
K72:开关72,与负载接口10接通,并通过电缆12和电缆9与并联组合的蓄电池组的正极接通。K73:开关73,供电时断开;K76:开关76,供电时断开。DX22:地线22。
图4-1-1 降压站的B型被充电蓄电池组串接受充电
GYJK3:高压接口3,与高压电缆联接;K83:开关83,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆3与高压接口3联接。DL3:电缆3。联接开关83与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL4:相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆。
FZJK7:负载接口7。EJ1:二极管1。
K20:开关20,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组正极与二极管1接通;K61:开关61,单刀双掷,纵向将二极管1和电缆3联接;K62:开关62,双刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与电缆4接通;K65:开关65,单刀双掷,纵向将二极管和电缆4联接;K66:开关66,双刀双掷,下纵上横使最后一个蓄电池组的负极与地线5联接;K52:开关52,单刀双掷,被充电时断开。
DX4:地线4;DX5:地线5。
图4-1-2 降压站的B型被充电蓄电池组串充电后作电源
GYJK3:高压接口3。K83:开关83,横向使使电缆3与高压接口3断开。DL3:电缆3,联接开关83与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL4:相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆。
FZJK7:负载接口7。EJ1:二极管1;EJ2:二极管2。
K20:开关20,横向与负载接口7接通。K61:开关61,保持纵向将二极管1和电缆3联接(也可以断开);
K62:开关62,使蓄电池组负极与地线2联接;K65:开关65,保持纵向将二极管2和电缆4联接(也可以断开);K66:开关66,横向使蓄电池堆的最后一个蓄电池组的负极与地线5联接。K52:开关52,供电时断开。
DX4:地线4;DX5:地线5。
图4-2-1 降压站的B型被充电蓄电池组串(暗含并联组合)被高压充电
GYJK3:高压接口3,与高压电缆联接。K83:开关83,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆3与高压接口3接通。FZJK7:负载接口7;FZJK8:负载接口8。DL3:电缆3,联接高压接口和蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL34:电缆34,蓄电池组与并联组合之间的电缆;DL4:电缆4,并联组合内相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆;DL45:电缆45,联接蓄电池并联组合和后面蓄电池组的电缆。PLDL3:旁路电缆3,与电缆34联接,另一端与开关21联接,其中间有开关86;PLDL4:旁路电缆4。与电缆4联接,另一端与开关22联接。
EJ1:二极管1;EJ3:二极管3;EJ4:二极管4。
K20:开关20,纵向将蓄电池组正极与二极管1接通。K61:开关61,纵向将二极管1和电缆3联接;K62:开关62。将蓄电池组负极与电缆34接通。
K21:开关21,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极与二极管3接通。K63:开关63,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极的二极管3和电缆34联接:K64:开关64,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组负极与电缆4接通。
K22:开关22,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的最后一个蓄电池组正极与二极管4接通。K65:开关65,纵向将二极管4和电缆4联接;K66:开关66。纵向使蓄电池并联组合的最后一个蓄电池组的负极与电缆45联接。
K86:开关86,单刀双掷,纵向使旁路电缆3和负载接口8断开。K52:开关52,被充电时断开;K54: 开关54,单刀双掷,被充电时断开;K55:开关55,单刀双掷,被充电时断开。
DX4:地线4;DX5:地线5。
图4-2-2 降压站的B型被充电蓄电池组串充电后部分构成并联组合对负载供电
GYJK3:高压接口3。K83:开关83,横向使电缆3与高压接口3断开。DL3:电缆3,联接高压接口和蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL34:电缆34,联接蓄电池组和蓄电池并联组合(由虚线框表示)的电缆;DL4:电缆4,并联组合内相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆正极;DL45:电缆45,联接蓄电池并联组合和后面蓄电池组的电缆。PLDL3:旁路电缆3,与电缆34联接,另一端与开关21联接;PLDL4:旁路电缆4,与电缆4联接,另一端与开关22联接。K86:开关86,横向接通旁路电缆3和负载接口8。
FZJK7:负载接口7;FZJK8:负载接口8。EJ1:二极管1;EJ3:二极管3;EJ4:二极管4。
K20:开关20,横向与负载接口7接通。K61:开关61。纵向将二极管1和电缆3联接(也可以断开);K62:开关62,将蓄电池组负极与地线4接通。
K21:开关21,横向与旁路电缆3接通。K63:开关63,纵向保持蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极的二极管3和电缆34联接(也可断开);K64:开关64,横向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组负极与地线5接通。
K22:开关22,横向与蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极和旁路电缆4接通。K65:开关65,纵向保持蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极的二极管4和电缆4联接(也可断开);K66:开关66,横向使蓄电池并联组合的最后一个蓄电池组的负极与地线5接通。
K86:开关86,单刀双掷,横向使旁路电缆3和负载接口7联接。K52:开关52,供电时断开;K54:开关54,供电时接通前后的蓄电池组的正极构;K55:开关55,供电时断开。
DX4:地线4;DX5:地线5。
图4-3-1 降压站的B型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆)被高压充电
GYJK3:高压接口3,与高压电缆联接。K83:开关83,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆3与高压接口3接通。DL3:电缆3,联接高压接口和蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL35:电缆35,联接蓄电池组和蓄电池串联堆(由虚线框表示)的电缆;DL5:电缆5,蓄电池组串联堆内各蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL56:电缆56,蓄电池组串联堆内末端蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组的电缆;PLDL1:旁路电缆1,与电缆4联接。
FZJK7:负载接口7;FZJK9:负载接口9。EJ1:二极管1;EJ5:二极管5;EJ6:二极管6。
K23:开关23,单刀双掷,纵向与二极管1接通。K61:开关61,单刀双掷,纵向将二极管1和电缆3联接,而电缆3通过开关83与高压接口3接通;K62:开关62,双刀双掷,将蓄电池组负极与电缆35接通。
K25:开关25,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组串联堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与二极管5接通。K67:开关67,单刀双掷,纵向将二极管5和电缆35联接,而电缆35又与前面的蓄电池组负极接通;K68:开关68,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与电缆5接通,并通过此电缆与下一个蓄电池组正极接通,以形成串联。
K26:开关26,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与二极管6接通。K67a:开关67a,单刀双掷,纵向将二极管6和电缆5联接,而电缆5与前一蓄电池组负极接通;K68a:开关68a,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组负极与电缆5联接。
K68b:开关68b,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极与电缆56联接。
K52:开关52。单刀双掷,被充电时断开;K53:开关53,单刀双掷,被充电时断开。
n:蓄电池组n。表示此蓄电池组在串联堆内为多个重复。
DX4:地线4;DX5:地线5。
图4-3-2 降压站的B型蓄电池组构成串联堆充电后作电源
GYJK3:高压接口3。K83:开关83,横向使使电缆3与高压接口3断开(也可保持接通)。DL3:电缆3;DL35:电缆35,联接蓄电池组和蓄电池组串联堆(由虚线框表示)的电缆;DL5:电缆5,相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆;PLDL1:旁路电缆1,与电缆5联接。
FZJK7:负载接口7;FZJK9:负载接口9。EJ1:二极管1;EJ5:二极管5;EJ6:二极管6。
K23:开关23。横向与负载接口7接通。K61:开关61,纵向将二极管1和电缆3联接(也可断开);K62:开关62,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线4接通。
K25:开关25,横向,使蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与负载接口9接通。K67:开关67,纵向将二极管5和电缆35联接(也可断开);K68:开关68,纵向使蓄电池组串联堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与电缆5接通。
K26:开关26,横向使蓄电池组串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与旁路电缆1联接又与电缆5接通。K67a:开关67a,纵向将二极管6和电缆5联接,也可断开;K68a:开关68a,纵向使蓄电池组的负极与电缆5接通。
K68b:开关68b,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极与电缆56联接。
n:蓄电池组n。表示此蓄电池组在串联堆内为多个重复。
K52:开关52,供电时断开;K53:开关53,供电时断开。
图4-4-1 降压站的B型蓄电池组构成串联堆和并联组合被充电
GYJK3:高压接口3,与高压电缆联接。K83:开关83,纵向使电缆3与高压接口3接通。
蓄电池组串联堆(左面的虚线框):
FZJK9:负载接口9。PLDL1:旁路电缆1,与电缆5联接;DL3:电缆3,联接高压接口和蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL5:电缆5,蓄电池组串联堆内,蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL56:电缆56,联接蓄电池组串联堆和蓄电池组并联组合的电缆。
K25:开关25,纵向使蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与二极管5接通。K67:开关67,纵向将二极管5和电缆3联接;K68:开关68,纵向使蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与电缆5接通。
K26:开关26,纵向使蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与二极管6接通。K67a:开关67a。纵向将二极管6和电缆5联接;K68a:开关68a,纵向使蓄电串联池堆的末端蓄电池组负极与电缆56联接。
K53:开关53。被充电时断开。DX8:地线8。
蓄电池组并联组合(右面的虚线框):
FZJK8:负载接口8。PLDL3:旁路电缆3,与电缆56联接;PLDL4:旁路电缆4,与电缆4联接;DL4:电缆4,并联组合内,蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL45:电缆45,联接蓄电池组并联组合和后面的蓄电池组之间的电缆。
K21:开关21,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极与二极管3接通。K63:开关63,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极的二极管3和电缆56联接;K64:开关64,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组负极与电缆4接通。K86:开关86,单刀双掷,纵向使旁路电缆3和负载接口8断开。
K22:开关22。单刀双掷,纵向蓄电池并联组合的末端蓄电池组正极与二极管4接通。K65:开关65,纵 向将二极管4和电缆4联接。K66:开关66,横向使蓄电池并联组合的最后一个蓄电池组的负极与电缆45联接。
K54:开关54,被充电时断开;K55:开关55被充电时断开。DX5:地线5。
图4-4-2 降压站的B型蓄电池串联堆和并联组合充电后作电源
GYJK3:高压接口3。K83:开关83,横向使电缆3与高压接口3断开。DL3:电缆3,联接高压接口和蓄电池组正极的电缆。
蓄电池组串联堆(左面的虚线框):
FZJK9:负载接口9。PLDL1:旁路电缆1;DL5:电缆5,蓄电池组串联堆内,蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL56:电缆56,联接蓄电池组串联堆和蓄电池组并联组合的电缆。
K25:开关25,横向使蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与负载接口9接通。K67:开关67,纵向将二极管5和电缆3联接(也可断开);K68:开关68,纵向使蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与电缆5接通。
K26:开关26。横向使蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与旁路电缆1接通。K67a:开关67a,纵向将二极管6和电缆5联接(也可断开);K68a:开关68a,横向使蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极与地线8接通。K53:开关53,在蓄电池组串联堆对负载供电时断开。DX8:地线8。
蓄电池组并联组合(右面的虚线框):
FZJK8:负载接口8。PLDL3:旁路电缆3,与电缆56联接;PLDL4:旁路电缆4,与电缆4联接;DL4:电缆4,蓄电池组并联组合内,联接蓄电池组之间的电缆。
K21:开关21,横向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极与旁路电缆3接通。K86:开关86,横向将旁路电缆3和负载接口8接通;K63:开关63,纵向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组正极的二极管3和电缆56联接(也可断开);K64:开关64,下面纵向上面横向使蓄电池并联组合的第一个蓄电池组负极与地线5接通。
K22:开关22,横向蓄电池并联组合的末端蓄电池组正极与旁路电缆4接通。K65:开关65,纵向将二极管4和电缆4联接(也可断开);K66:开关66,下面纵向上面横向使蓄电池并联组合的末端蓄电池组负极与地线5联接。
K54:开关54,供电时接通前后蓄电池组;K55:开关55,供电时保持断开。DX5:地线5。
图5-1-1 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串被充电
GYJK4:高压接口4,与高压电缆联接。K84:开关84,单刀双掷,纵向使电缆7与高压接口联接。DL7:电缆7,联接开关84与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL6:电缆6,相邻蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL67:电缆67,备用。
FZJK11:负载接口11:FZJK13:负载接口13。EJ11:二极管11;EJ12:二极管12。
K30:开关30,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管11接通;K31:开关31,单刀双掷,横向将蓄电池组负极地线6接通。K71:开关71,双刀双掷,纵向蓄电池组正极与电缆7接通;K72:开关72,单刀双掷,将蓄电池组负极的二极管11电缆6联接;K75:开关75,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆6接通;K76:开关76,纵向使最后一个蓄电池组负极的二极管12与电缆67联接。
K57:开关57,单刀双掷,充电时断开。DX6:地线6。
图5-1-2 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串充电后作电源
GYJK4:高压接口4。K84:开关84,横向使使电缆7与高压接口4断开。DL7:电缆7,联接开关84与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL6:相邻蓄电池组之间的联接电缆。DL67:电缆67,备用。
FZJK11:负载接口11;FZJK13:负载接口13。EJ11:二极管11;EJ12:二极管12。
K30:开关30,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线6接通;K31:开关31,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线6接通。
K71:开关71,横向将蓄电池组正极与负载接口11接通;K72:开关72,纵向保持将二极管11与电缆6接通(也可断开);K75:开关75,横向将蓄电池组正极和负载接口13联接;K76:开关76,纵向使最后一个蓄电池组的负极与电缆67联接(也可断开)。
K57:开关57,供电时断开。DX6:地线6。
图5-2-1 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串(暗含并联组合)被充电
GYJK4:高压接口4,与高压电缆联接。K84:开关84,纵向使电缆5与高压接口联接。DL7:电缆7,联接开关84与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL76:电缆76,联接第一个蓄电池组与后面的并联组合的电缆;DL6:电缆6,并联组合内,相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆;DL67:电缆67,联接并联组合末端蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组的电缆。
FZJK11:负载接口11;FZffK12:负载接口12。EJ6:二极管6;EJ7:二极管7;EJ8:二极管8。
K30:开关30,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管6接通;K33:开关33,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管7接通;K34:开关34,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管8接通。K71:开关71,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆7接通;K72:开关72,纵向将蓄电池组负极的二极管6电缆76联接;K73:开关73,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆76接通;K74:开关74,单刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组负极的二极管7电缆6联接;K75:开关75,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆6接通;K76:开关76,纵向使末端蓄电池组负极的二极管8与电缆67联接。
K57:开关57,单刀双掷,充电时断开;K58:开关58,单刀双掷,充电时断开;K59:开关59。单刀双掷,充电时断开。DX6:地线6;DX7:地线7。
图5-2-2 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串(内含并联组合)充电后作电源
GYJK4:高压接口4。K84:开关84,横向使电缆7与高压接口断开。DL7:电缆7,联接开关84与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL76:电缆76,联接第一个蓄电池组与后面的并联组合的电缆;DL6:电缆6,并联组合内,相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆;DL67:电缆67,联接并联组合末端蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组的电缆。
FZJK11:负载接口11;FZJK12:负载接口12。EJ6:二极管6;EJ7:二极管7;EJ8:二极管8。
K30:开关30,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线6接通;K33:开关33,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线7接通;K34:开关34,横向使蓄电池组负极与地线7接通。K71:开关71。横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口11接通;K72:开关72,纵向使蓄电池组负极的二极管6电缆76联接(也可断开);K73:开关73,横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口12接通,仍与电缆76接通;K74:开关74,纵向使蓄电池组负极的二极管7电缆6联接(也可断开);K75:开关75,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆6接通又与上一个蓄电池组正极并联;K76:开关76,纵向使最后一个蓄电池组负极的二极管8与电缆67接通(也可断开)。
K57:开关57,供电时断开;K58:开关58,供电时接通;K59:开关59,供电时断开。DX6:地线6;DX7:地线7。
图5-3-1 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆)被充电
GYJK4:高压接口4,与高压电缆联接。K84:开关84,纵向使电缆7与高压接口4联接。DL7:电缆7,联接开关84与蓄电池组正极的电缆;DL78:电缆78,蓄电池组和下一蓄电池组串联堆之间的联接 电缆;DL8:电缆8,在蓄电池组串堆联内,前后蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89,蓄电池组串堆与后面的蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;PLDL2:旁路电缆2,与电缆8联接。
FZJK11:负载接口11;FZJK13:负载接口13。EJ6:二极管6;EJ9:二极管9;EJ10:二极管10。
K30:开关30,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管6接通;K35:开关35,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与二极管9接通;K36:开关36,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池堆的末端蓄电池组负极与二极管10接通。K71:开关71,双刀双掷,纵向蓄电池组正极与电缆7接通;K72:开关72,单刀双掷,将蓄电池组负极的二极管6电缆78联接;K73a:开关73a,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与电缆78接通;K74a:开关74a,单刀双掷,将蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极的二极管9电缆8联接;K73b:开关73b,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆8联接;K75a:开关75a,双刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与电缆8接通;K76a:开关76a,单刀双掷,将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极的二极管10与电缆89联接。
K57:开关57,充电时断开;K58a:开关58a,充电时断开;K59a:开关59a,充电时断开。
n:蓄电池组n。表示此蓄电池组在串联堆内为多个重复。
DX6:地线6;DX7:地线7。
图5-3-2 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆)充电后作电源
GYJK4:高压接口4。K84:开关84。横向使高压接口4与电缆7与断开。DL7:电缆7;DL78:电缆78,蓄电池组和后面的蓄电池组串联堆之间联接的电缆;DL8:电缆8,在蓄电池堆内,前后蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89,蓄电池组串联堆和后面的蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;PLDL2:旁路电缆2,与电缆8联接。
FZJK11:负载接口11;FZJK13:负载接口13。EJ6:二极管6;EJ9:二极管9;EJ10:二极管10。
K30:开关30,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线6联接;K35:开关35,横向将蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与旁路电缆2接通;K36:开关36,横向将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极与地线7接通。K71:开关71,横向将蓄电池组正极与负载接口11接通;K72:开关72,纵向将蓄电池组负极的二极管6电缆78保持联接(也可断开);K73a:开关73a,横向使蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与负载接口13联接;K74a:开关74a,纵向将蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极的二极管9与电缆8保持联接,(也可断开);开关73b,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆8联接;K75a:开关75a,纵向将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与电缆8接通;K76a:开关76a,将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极的二极管10与电缆89联接(也可断开)。
K57:开关57,供电时断开;K58a:开关58a,供电时断开;K59a:开关59a,供电时断开。
n:蓄电池组n。表示此蓄电池组在串联堆内为多个重复。
DX6:地线6;DX7:地线7。
图5-4-1 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆与并联组合)被充电
GYJK4:高压接口4。与高压电缆联接。K84:开关84,纵向使电缆7与高压接口4联接。DL7:电缆7。联接开关84与蓄电池组串联堆正极的电缆。
蓄电池组串联堆(左面的虚线框):
DL8:电缆8,在蓄电池组串堆联内,前后蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89,蓄电池组串堆与后面的蓄电池组并联组合之间的联接电缆;PLDL2:旁路电缆2,与电缆8联接。
FZJK13:负载接口13。EJ9:二极管9;EJ10:二极管10。
K35:开关35,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与二极管9接通;K36:开关36,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极与二极管10接通。K73a:开关73a,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与电缆7接通;K74a:开关74a,单刀双掷,将蓄电池堆的第一个蓄电池组负极的二极管9与电缆8联接;K75a:开关75a,双刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与电缆8接通;K76a:开关76a,单刀双掷,将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组负极的二极管10与电缆89联接。
K58a:开关58a,被充电时断开;K59a:开关59a,被充电时断开。DX7:地线7。
蓄电池组并联组合(右面的虚线框):
DL6:并联组合内,相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆;DL67:电缆67,联接并联组合末端蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组的电缆。
FZJK12:负载接口12。EJ7:二极管7;EJ8:二极管8。
K33:开关33,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管7接通;K34:开关34,单刀双掷,纵向将蓄电池组负极与二极管8接通;K73:开关73,三刀三掷,纵向蓄电池组正极与电缆89接通;K74:开关74,单刀双掷,将蓄电池组负极的二极管7电缆6联接;K75:开关75,双刀双掷,纵向使蓄电池组正极与电缆6接通;K76:开关76,单刀双掷,纵向使并联组合末端蓄电池组负极的二极管8与电缆67联接。
K58:开关58,单刀双掷,被充电时断开;K59:开关59,单刀双掷,被充电时断开。DX9:地线9。
图5-4-2 降压站的C型被充电蓄电池组串(含串联堆与并联组合)充电后作电源
GYJK4:高压接口4。K84:开关84,横向,使高压接口4与电缆7与断开。DL7:电缆7。
蓄电池组串联堆(前面一个虚线框):
DL8:电缆8,在蓄电池串联堆内,前后蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;DL89:电缆89,蓄电池组串联堆和后面的蓄电池组之间的联接电缆;PLDL2:旁路电缆2,与电缆8联接。
FZJK13:负载接口13。EJ9:二极管9;EJ10:二极管10。
K35:开关35,横向将蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组负极与旁路电缆2接通;K36:开关36,横向将蓄电池串联堆的最后一个蓄电池组负极与地线7接通。K73a:开关73a,下纵上横使蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组正极与负载接口13联接;K74a:开关74a,纵向将蓄电池串联堆的第一个蓄电池组负极的二极管9与电缆8保持联接(也可断开);K75a:开关75a,纵向将蓄电池串联堆的末端蓄电池组正极与电缆8接通;K76a:开关76a,将蓄电池堆的最后一个蓄电池组负极的二极管10与电缆89联接(也可断开)。
K58a:开关58a,供电时断开;K59a:开关59a,供电时断开。DX7:地线7。
蓄电池组并联组合(后面一个虚线框):
DL6:电缆6,并联组合内,相邻蓄电池组之间联接的电缆;DL67:电缆67,联接并联组合末端蓄电池组与后面的蓄电池组的电缆。
FZJK12:负载接口12。EJ7:二极管7;EJ8:二极管8。
K33:开关33,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线9接通;K34:开关34,横向将蓄电池组负极与地线9接通。K73:开关73,横向蓄电池组正极与负载接口12接通,仍与电缆89接通;K74:开关74,保持蓄电池组负极的二极管7电缆6联接(也可断开);K75:开关75,纵向纵向蓄电池组正极与电缆6接通;K76:开关76,纵向使最后一个蓄电池组负极的二极管8与电缆67接通(也可断开)。
K58:开关58,供电时接通;K59:开关59,供电时断开。DX9:地线9。
图6-1降压站中B型蓄电池组的在线脱离
图(1)所示的蓄电池组处于被充电状态。
DL4:电缆4,联接蓄电池组之间的电缆。XDCZ01:蓄电池组01,演示B型蓄电池组脱离过程的样品。
K20:开关20,纵向将蓄电池组01的正极与其二极管1接通。K52:开关52,被充电时断开。K61:开关61,纵向接通前电缆4和蓄电池组01的正极二极管1;K62:开关62,纵向将蓄电池组01的负极与后电缆4接通。
FZJK7:负载接口7。DX4:地线4。
图(2)蓄电池组01脱离的第一步。
K52:开关52,横向接通,使蓄电池组01停止充电,同时其他蓄电池组照样被充电。开关20、开关61、开关62均保持原来的接通状态。
FZJK7:负载接口7。DX4:地线4。
图(3)蓄电池组01完成脱离,此图显示脱离后的第一种方式:蓄电池组可以移离原来位置。
K52:开关52,横向接通,使其他蓄电池组照样被充电。K20:开关20,保持接通,使蓄电池组01的正极与其二极管联接,与负载接口7断开。K61:开关61,横向断开,蓄电池组正极与前电缆4脱离;K62:开关62,横向断开,蓄电池组负极与后电缆4脱离,也与地线4脱离。
FZJK7:负载接口7。DX4:地线4。
图(4)蓄电池组01完成脱离,此图显示脱离后的第二种方式:蓄电池组成为直流电源对负载供电。
K52:开关52,保持横向,使其他蓄电池组照样被充电。K20:开关20,横向使蓄电池组正极与负载接口7接通。K61:开关61,横向断开,蓄电池组正极与前电缆4脱离;K62:开关62,下纵上横使蓄电池组负极与地线4接通,也与电缆4断开。
DX4:地线4。
被充电蓄电池组串的末端蓄电池组的脱离方法:它前面的蓄电池组负极接地。
图6-2 降压站中C型蓄电池组的在线脱离
图(1)所示的蓄电池组处于被充电状态。
DL5:电缆5,联接蓄电池组之间的电缆。XDCZ02:蓄电池组02,演示C型蓄电池组脱离的样品。
K30:开关30,纵向将蓄电池组02的负极与其二极管11接通。K57:开关57,被充电时断开。K71:开关71,纵向接通前电缆5和蓄电池组02的正极;K72:开关72,纵向将蓄电池组02的负极二极管11与后电缆5接通。
FZJK11:负载接口11。DX6:地线6。
图(2)蓄电池组02脱离的第一步。
K57:开关57,横向接通,使蓄电池组02停止充电,同时其他蓄电池组照样被充电。开关71、开关30、开关72均保持原来的接通状态。
FZJK11:负载接口11。DX6:地线6。
图(3)蓄电池组02完成脱离,此图显示脱离后的第一种方式:可以移离原来位置。
K57:开关57,横向接通,使其他蓄电池组照样被充电。K30:开关30,保持接通,使蓄电池组02的正极与其二极管联接,与地线6断开。K71:开关71,横向断开,蓄电池组正极与前电缆5脱离;K72:开关72,横向断开,蓄电池组负极与后电缆5脱离。
FZJK11:负载接口11。DX6:地线6。
图(4)蓄电池组02完成脱离,此图显示脱离后的第二种方式:蓄电池组成为直流电源对负载供电。
K57:开关57,横向接通,使其他蓄电池组照样被充电。K30:开关30,横向使蓄电池组正负极与二极管11断开,但与地线6接通。K71:开关71,下纵上横使蓄电池组正极与负载接口11接通,也与电缆5断开;K72:开关72,横向断开,蓄电池组负极与后电缆5脱离。
FZJK11:负载接口11。DX6:地线6。
被充电蓄电池组串的末端蓄电池组的脱离方法:它前面的蓄电池组负极接地。
图7-1 开放式全直流高压送变电电网工作状态之一
GYDW:高压电网。
CDCLD1:充电串联堆1,由A型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;通过保护二极管与高压电网接通,向电网送电。联接电缆呈虚线,表示省略。ZLJK1:直流接口1,为充电串联堆1设置的直流电接口。
CDCLD2:充电串联堆2。由A型蓄电池组构成,蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;通过保护二极管与高压电网接通,向电网送电。该串联堆由多个子串联堆构成,这些子堆不在同一地点,互相有一段距离。联接电缆呈虚线,表示省略。
CDCLD2a:充电串联堆子堆2a;CDCLD2b:充电串联堆子堆2b;CDCLD2c:充电串联堆子堆2c。
ZLJK2a:直流接口2a,为充电串联堆子堆2a设置的直流充电接口;ZLJK2b:直流接口2b,为充电串联堆子堆2b设置的直流充电接口;ZLJK2c:直流接口2c,为充电串联堆子堆2c设置的直流充电接口。
CDCLD3:充电串联堆3,由A型蓄电池组构成,蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;通过保护二极管与高压电网接通,向电网送电。联接电缆呈虚线,表示省略。ZLJK3:直流接口3,为充电串联堆3设置的直流充电接口。
BCDXDCZ1:被充电蓄电池组串1,由B型或C型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组无色,表示蓄电池组正在被充电。这个被充电蓄电池组串已经和负载对应,分别形成单个蓄电池组、并联组合、串联堆。联接电缆呈虚线表示省略,省去的可以是蓄电池组,也可以是并联组合或串联堆。
FZJK1a:负载接口1a;FZJK1b:负载接口1b;FZJK1c:负载接口1c。分别为被充电蓄电池组的并联组合、或其串联堆设置的负载接口。
BCDXDCZ2:被充电蓄电池组串2,由B型或C型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组无色,表示蓄电池组正在被充电。这个被充电蓄电池组串已经和负载对应,分别形成单个蓄电池组、并联组合、串联堆。联接电缆呈虚线表示省略,省去的可以是蓄电池组,也可以是并联组合或串联堆。
FZJK2a:负载接口2a;FZJK2b:负载接口2b;FZJK2c:负载接口2c。分别为被充电蓄电池组、或其并联组合、或其串联堆设置的负载接口。
EJ:二极管。A型蓄电池组构成的充电串联堆与高压电网之间的保护二极管,其作用是阻止电流从电网流向充电串联堆。
YLJK:预留接口。留待未来满足技术指标的充电串联堆或被充电蓄电池组串接入高压电网。
本图表示出的3个充电串联堆和2个被充电蓄电池组串,它们都与高压电网处于连接状态。
图7-2 开放式全直流高压送变电电网工作状态之二
此图内的所有设施和图7-1相同,不同之处在于工作状态。即,有一个充电串联堆和一个被充电蓄电池组串脱离了高压电网:
CDCLD3:充电串联堆3。蓄电池组无色,与高压电网之间的开关断开,而与直流接口接通,彼此并联,在接受低压直流充电。
BCDXDCZ2:被充电蓄电池组串2。蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;与高压电网断开,各个并联组合和串联堆互相断开;各自与自己的负载接口联接,独立地给自己的负载供电。FZJK2a:负载接口2a,与自己的串联堆联接;FZJK2b:负载接口2b,与自己的并联组合联接。FZJK2c:负载接口2c,与自己的蓄电池组联接。
五、具体实施方式
基本原则:
(1)充电条件
设一次直流电源的输出电压为V c,充电串联堆的蓄电池组有相同规格,即具有相同的标称电压、额定容量和最佳充电电流。标称电压V b和V c匹配关系为:
V b≈V c/1.2;
蓄电池组的最佳充电电流为I b,蓄电池组的个数为n,它们和一次直流电源的输出的电流I c最好满足下列关系,
I c≈nI b
(2)上网输电条件
设电网电压为V w,再设所有蓄电池组成串联堆后接入电网输电,则有
V w≈nV b,于是n≈V w/V b
(3)被充电蓄电池组串一般限制条件
a.被充电蓄电池组串的标称电压总和×1.2≈充电串联堆的蓄电池组标称电压总和≈电网电压
b.对单个升压堆支持的电网——
已接入的被充电蓄电池组串最佳充电电流的总和≤充电串联堆蓄电池组最佳充电电流
c.对多个升压堆支持的电网——
已接入的被充电蓄电池组串最佳充电电流的总和≤已接入的充电串联堆蓄电池组最佳充电电流的总和
d.被充电蓄电池组串拆分为串联堆、并联组合和单个蓄电池组时——
串联堆电压越高的应安置在离电网越近的高压端
下面的实施例只是说明本发明实施的基本原则、基本途径和可能的方式,并非针对实际案例的最佳设计。
实施方式一 孤立光伏电站对一个降压站的直流输运
一次电源:光伏电站功率为2.4MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为5000A。
升压站:蓄电池组选择为,标称电压≈480V/1.2=400V,最佳充电电流100A。蓄电池组个数为50,均为A型,且同一规格。于是,蓄电池组并联后的最佳充电电流总和等于5000A,可实现该一次电源对这些蓄电池组满负荷充电。充电后,这些蓄电池组变更为串联,通过保护二极管连接电网进行输电,电压为50×400V=20kV,输送的电流为100A。
降压站:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为120V,最佳充电电流为99A,总最佳充电电压为20kV/1.2=16.67kV;由此,蓄电池组总数为16.67kV/0.12kV≈139个,它们的 标称电压总和为139×0.12kV=16.68kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个50个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为6kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)1个20个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为2.4kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)69个蓄电池组,电压为0.12kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
所使用线路及线路变更方式涉及到的附图及其说明如下:
图1-2A、图1-2C,图1-5、图1-6、图1-7;
图2-1、图2-2;
图3-2-1、图3-2-2、图3-2-3;
图4-2-1,图4-2-2,图4-3-1、图4-3-2,图4-4-1、图4-4-2;
图5-2-1,图5-2-2,图5-3-1、图5-3-2,图5-4-1、图5-4-2。
实施方式二 孤立光伏电站对四个降压站的直流输运
一次电源:光伏电站功率为48MW输出电压为480V,输出电流为100000A。
升压站:蓄电池组选择为,标称电压≈480V/1.2=400V,最佳充电电流600A。蓄电池组个数为166,均为A型,且同一规格。于是,蓄电池组并联后的最佳充电电流总和等于99600A,可实现该一次电源对这些蓄电池组满负荷充电。充电后,这些蓄电池组变更为串联,通过保护二极管连接电网进行输电,电压为166×400V=66.4kV,输送的电流为600A。
降压站:共4个,分别降压站1、降压站2、降压站3和降压站4,构成如下。
降压站1:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为120V,最佳充电电流为188A,总最佳充电电压为66.4kV/1.2=55.33kV;蓄电池组总数为55.33kV/0.12kV≈461个,标称电压总和为461×120V=55.32kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)2个80个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为9.6kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)3个50个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为6kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)1个10个蓄电池组的并联组合,电压为0.12kV,对附近特殊用户送电;
(3)141个蓄电池组,电压为0.12kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站2:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为180V,最佳充电电流为198A,
总最佳充电电压为66.4kV/1.2=55.33kV。蓄电池组总数为55.33kV/0.18kV≈307个,标称电压总和
为307×180V=55.26kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)2个40个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为7.2kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)4个20个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为3.6kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)1个10个蓄电池组的并联组合,电压为0.18kV,对附近特殊用户送电;
(4)137个蓄电池组,电压为0.18kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站3:蓄电池组分为两种规格,可以为A、B、C各型。规格1——标称电压为120V,最佳充电电流为99A;总数为211个,标称电压之和为211×120V=25.32kV;规格2——标称电压为300V,最佳充电电流为99A;总数为100个,标称电压之和为100×300V=30kV;规格1和规格2再串联,标称电压总和为25.32kV+30kV=55.32kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
规格1——(1)1个40个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为4.8kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)3个20个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为2.4kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)1个10个蓄电池组的并联组合,电压为0.12kV,对附近特殊用户送电;
(4)101个蓄电池组,电压为0.12kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
规格2——100个蓄电池组,电压为300V,各自在附近用为电动汽车的充电桩。
降压站4:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型。标称电压为300V,最佳充电电流为109A,总最佳充电电压为66.4kV/1.2=55.33kV;蓄电池组总数为55.33kV/0.3kV≈184个,标称电压总和为184×300V=55.2kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,各自在附近用为电动汽车的充电桩。
小结:降压站1工作电流=188A,降压站2工作电流=198A,降压站3工作电流=99A,降压站4工作电流=109A;四个并联降压站的总工作电流为:188A+198A+99A+109A=594A。
所使用线路及线路变更方式涉及到的附图及其说明如下:
图1-2A、图1-2C,图1-5、图1-6、图1-7;
图2-1、图2-2;
图3-1-1、图3-1-2,图3-2-1、图3-2-2、图3-2-3;
图4-1-1、图4-1-2,图4-2-1,图4-2-2,图4-3-1、图4-3-2,图4-4-1、图4-4-2;
图5-1-1、图5-1-2,图5-2-1,图5-2-2,图5-3-1、图5-3-2,图5-4-1、图5-4-2。
实施方式三 三个异地一次电源组合的升压站对三个降压站的直流输运
一次电源:电源1——光伏电站功率为2.4MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为5000A;电源2——光伏电站功率为4.8MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为10000A;电源3——水电站整流后(或直流发电),功率为6MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为12500A。
升压站:蓄电池组选择为,均为A型,且同一规格,标称电压400V,最佳充电电流250A。与电源1匹配的升压站,蓄电池组个数为20;与电源2匹配的升压站,蓄电池组个数为40;与电源3匹配的升压站,蓄电池组个数为50。这三个分升压站分别被自己对应的一次电源充电后,变更为串联,各分压站的电压为8kV、16kV和20kV;在异地串联后,总电压为44kV,并通过保护二极管与电网连接进行输电,输送的电流为250A。
降压站:共3个,分别降压站1、降压站2和降压站3,构成如下。
降压站1:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为120V,最佳充电电流为99A,总最佳充电电压为44kV/1.2=36.67kV;蓄电池组总数为36.67kV/0.12kV≈306个,标称电压总和为306×120V=36.72kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个80个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为9.6kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)2个40个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为4.8kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)2个10个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为0.12kV,对较近特殊用户送电;
(4)126个蓄电池组,电压为0.12kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站2:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为120V,最佳充电电流为69A,总最佳充电电压为44kV/1.2=36.67kV;蓄电池组总数为36.67kV/0.12kV≈306个,标称电压总和为306×120V=36.72kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个50个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为6.0kV,对稍远用户送电;
(2)2个40个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为4.8kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)1个10个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为0.12kV,对较近特殊用户送电;
(4)166个蓄电池组,电压为0.12kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站3:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为300V,最佳充电电流为79A,总最佳充电电压为44kV/1.2=36.67kV;蓄电池组总数为36.67kV/0.3kV≈122个,标称电压总和为122×300V=36.6kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
122个蓄电池组,电压为0.3kV,各自在附近用为电动汽车的充电桩。
小结:降压站1工作电流=99A,降压站2工作电流=69A,降压站3工作电流=79A;三个并联降压站的总工作电流为:99A+69A+79A=247A。
所使用线路及线路变更方式涉及到的附图及其说明如下:
图1-2A、图1-2C,图1-3、图1-4,图1-5、图1-6、图1-7;
图2-1、图2-2;
图3-1-1、图3-1-2、图3-1-3,图3-2-1、图3-2-2、图3-2-3;
图4-1-1、图4-1-2,图4-2-1,图4-2-2,图4-3-1、图4-3-2,图4-4-1、图4-4-2;
图5-1-1、图5-1-2,图5-2-1,图5-2-2,图5-3-1、图5-3-2,图5-4-1、图5-4-2。
实施方式四 多个异地一次电源组合的升压站对四个降压站的直流输运
一次电源:电源1A——光伏电站功率为24MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为50000A;电源1B——光伏电站功率为48MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为100000A;电源1C——水电站整流后(或直流发电),功率为23MW,输出电压为6300V,输出电流为3650A;电源2——光伏电站功率为80MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为166667A。
升压站:升压站为两个,即升压站1和升压站2;升压站1有三个异地的分升压站串联构成,即升压站1A、升压站1B、升压站1C;升压站1A、1B的蓄电池组选择是,均为A型,且同一规格,标称电压400V,最佳充电电流400A。与电源1A匹配的升压站1A,蓄电池组个数为124;与电源1B匹配的升压站1B,蓄电池组个数为250;升压站1C的蓄电池组选择是,均为A型,且同一规格,标称电压=6300/1.2=5250V,最佳充电电流400A,个数为9。这三个分升压站分别被自己对应的一次电源充电后,变更为串联,各分压站的电压为124×400V=49.6kV、250×400V=100kV和9×5250V=47.25kV;在异地串联后,总电压为196.85kV,通过保护二极管与电网连接进行输电,输送的电流为400A。升压站2的蓄电池组选择是,均为A型,且同一规格,标称电压400V,最佳充电电流339A;与电源2匹配时,蓄电池组个数为492。它被与自己对应的一次电源充电后,变更为串联,其电压为492×400V=196.8kV,通过保护二极管与电网连接进行输电,输送的电流为339A。
降压站:共4个,分别降压站1、降压站2、降压站3和降压站4,构成如下。
降压站1:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为400V,最佳充电电流为248A,总最佳充电电压为196.8kV/1.2=164kV;蓄电池组总数为164kV/0.4kV≈410个,标称电压总和为417×400V=164kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个100个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为40kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)1个75个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为30kV,对稍远用户送电;
(3)1个50个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为20kV,对稍远用户送电;
(4)3个36个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为14.4kV,对稍远用户送电;
(5)77个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为0.4kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站2:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为400V,最佳充电电流为200A,总最佳充电电压为196.8kV/1.2=164kV;蓄电池组总数为164kV/0.4kV≈410个,标称电压总和为 410×400V=164kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个125个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为50kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)1个80个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为32kV,对稍远用户送电;
(3)1个60个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为24kV,对稍远用户送电;
(4)1个50个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为20kV,对稍远用户送电;
(5)95个蓄电池组,电压为0.4kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站3:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为500V,最佳充电电流为150A,总最佳充电电压为196.8kV/1.2=164kV;蓄电池组总数为164kV/0.5kV≈328个,标称电压总和为328×500V=164kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个60个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为30kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)2个50个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为25kV,对稍远用户送电;
(3)3个30个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为15kV,对稍远用户送电;
(4)78个蓄电池组,电压为0.5kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
降压站4:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为300V,最佳充电电流为130A,总最佳充电电压为196.8kV/1.2=164kV;蓄电池组总数为164kV/0.3kV≈547个,标称电压总和为547×300V=164.1kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个115个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为34.5kV,对较远用户送电;
(2)1个100个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为30kV,对稍远用户送电;
(3)2个70个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为21kV,对稍远用户送电;
(4)3个30个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为9kV,对较近用户送电;
(5)102个蓄电池组,电压为0.3kV,各自在附近用为电动汽车的充电桩。
小结:降压站1工作电流=248A,降压站2工作电流=200A,降压站3工作电流=150A,降压站4工作电流=130A;四个并联降压站的总工作电流为:248A+200A+150A+130A=726A。
所使用线路及线路变更方式涉及到的附图及其说明如下:
图1-2A、图1-2C,图1-3、图1-4,图1-5、图1-6、图1-7;
图2-1、图2-2;
图3-2-1、图3-2-2、图3-2-3;
图4-2-1,图4-2-2,图4-3-1、图4-3-2,图4-4-1、图4-4-2;
图5-2-1,图5-2-2,图5-3-1、图5-3-2,图5-4-1、图5-4-2;
图7-1、图7-2。
实施方式五 一次电源与可选配升压站对一个降压站的直流输运
一次电源:光伏电站功率为14.4MW输出电压为480V,输出电流为30000A。
升压站:此处分成两种:1、高电压升压站,2、大电流升压站。高电压升压站的蓄电池组选择为A型,标称电压400V,最佳充电电流200A,蓄电池组个数150;大电流升压站的蓄电池组选择为A型,标称电压400V,最佳充电电流600A,蓄电池组个数50。两种升压站的蓄电池组各自并联后的最佳充电电流总和均等于30000A,都可实现该一次电源分别对这些蓄电池组实现满负荷充电。当一次电源与高电压升压站匹配时,充电后所有蓄电池组变更为3个50个蓄电池组的串联,轮流通过保护二极管连接电网进行输电,电压为50×400V=20kV,输送的电流为200A;当一次电源与大电流升 压站匹配时,充电后所有50个蓄电池组构成串联,通过保护二极管连接电网进行输电,电压为50×400V=20kV,输送的电流为600A。
降压站:全部蓄电池组为同一种规格,可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压为120V,最佳充电电流为198A,略小于高电压升压站输送的电流,也略小于大电流升压站输送电流的三分之一,总最佳充电电压为20kV/1.2=16.67kV;蓄电池组总数为16.67kV/0.12kV≈139个,标称电压总和为139×120V=16.68kV。充电后按照用户负载,变更它们的联接方式,构成为如下组合:
(1)1个20个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为6kV,对较近用户送电;
(2)3个10个蓄电池组的串联堆,电压为1.2kV,对较近用户送电;
(3)89个蓄电池组,电压为0.12kV,各自独立地作附近用户的电源。
小结:这样的匹配适用于一个孤立的光伏电站给用电户持续供电,两种升压站对同一个降压站而言,是等效的。
所使用线路及线路变更方式涉及到的附图及其说明如下:
图1-2A、图1-2B、图1-2C,图1-5、图1-6、图1-7;
图2-1、图2-2;
图3-2-1、图3-2-2、图3-2-3;
图4-2-1,图4-2-2,图4-3-1、图4-3-2,图4-4-1、图4-4-2;
图5-2-1,图5-2-2,图5-3-1、图5-3-2,图5-4-1、图5-4-2。
实施方式六 一次电源对一个降压站的直流输运
甲例
一次电源:光伏电站功率为2.4MW输出电压为960V,输出电流为2500A。
降压站甲:蓄电池组可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压相同,为120V,按最佳充电电流分别构成如下组合:
7个最佳充电电流为9A的蓄电池组的串联堆,每堆的标称电压合计840V,共277个堆。
充电后,每个堆变更为并联,即分成7个蓄电池组,每个蓄电池组各自独立地为一个用户供电。共计7×277=1939个用户,合计使用电流277×9A=2493A。这些用户离降压站甲的距离小于1km。
乙例
一次电源:风力发电机,未经逆变的直流输出,功率为1MW,输出电压为480V,输出电流为2083A。
降压站乙:蓄电池组可以为A、B、C各型,标称电压相同,为100V,按最佳充电电流分别构成如下组合:
(1)4个最佳充电电流为8A的蓄电池组的串联堆,共100个堆;
(2)4个最佳充电电流为10A的蓄电池组的串联堆,共88个堆;
(3)4个最佳充电电流为12A的蓄电池组的串联堆,共32个堆;
上述每堆的标称电压合计400V。
充电后,每个堆变更为蓄电池组的并联,每个蓄电池组各自独立地为一个用户供电总。
这些用户离降压站甲的距离小于0.3km。
小结:共计4×(100+88+32)=880个用户,合计使用电流100×8A+88×10A+32×12A=2064A。
所使用线路及线路变更方式涉及到的附图及其说明如下:
图1-2A、图1-2C,图1-6、图1-7;
图3-2-1、图3-2-2、图3-2-3;
图4-2-1,图4-2-2,图4-3-1、图4-3-2,图4-4-1、图4-4-2;
图5-2-1,图5-2-2,图5-3-1、图5-3-2,图5-4-1、图5-4-2。
实施方式七 开放式全直流高压送变电电网
本发明适用于建立开放式全直流高压送变电电网。下面介绍这种电网的构成和应用的状态。
按图7-1,GYDW是高压电网。已经有三个升压站和两个降压站与其连接。
充电串联堆1由A型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;通过保护二极管与高压电网接通,在向电网送电。直流接口1,为充电串联堆1设置的直流充电接口。
充电串联堆2由A型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;通过保护二极管与高压电网接通,在向电网送电。该串联堆由三个子串联堆构成,这些子堆为:充电串联堆子堆2a,充电串联堆子堆2b和充电串联堆子堆2c。它们不在同一地点,互相有一段距离。直流接口2a,为充电串联堆子堆2a设置的直流充电接口;直流接口2b,为充电串联堆子堆2b设置的直流充电接口;直流接口2c,为充电串联堆子堆2c设置的直流充电接口。
充电串联堆3,由A型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组用灰色,表示已充电;通过保护二极管与高压电网接通,在向电网送电。联接电缆呈虚线,表示省略。直流接口3,为充电串联堆3设置的低压充电接口。
上述保护二极管的作用是阻止电流从电网流向充电串联堆。
被充电蓄电池组串1,由B型或C型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组无色,表示蓄电池组正在被充电。这个被充电蓄电池组串的已经和三个负载接口对应,它们是:负载接口1a,负载接口1b和负载接口1c,分别是被充电蓄电池组、被充电蓄电池组并联组合和被充电蓄电池组串联堆的负载接口。
被充电蓄电池组串2,由B型或C型蓄电池组构成。蓄电池组无色,表示蓄电池组正在被充电。这个被充电蓄电池组串的已经和三个负载接口对应,它们是负载接口2a,负载接口2b和负载接口2c,分别是被充电蓄电池组、被充电蓄电池组并联组合和被充电蓄电池组串联堆的负载接口。
该电网设置了预留接口,留待未来满足技术指标的充电串联堆或被充电蓄电池组串接入高压电网;还设置了开放的延伸电网,可以与更远的地区电网连接。
图7-2显示出了同一个电网的另一种工作状态。
充电串联堆3脱离了高压电网,而与直流接口接通,彼此并联,在接受低压直流充电。
被充电蓄电池组串2在充电完结后,与高压电网断开,各个蓄电池组、并联组合和串联堆互相断开,各自与自己的负载接口联接,独立地给自己的负载供电:负载接口2a,与自己的串联堆联接;负载接口2b,与自己的并联组合联接;负载接口2c,与自己的蓄电池组联接。
每一个充电串联堆、每一个被充电蓄电池组串,都有被充电和供电两种工作状态,但它们的工作状态转变的周期各各不同。因此,整个电网的工作状态有很多组合,而且不断变化;上面例举了两个,足以使人想到还有几十个可能的状态。在实际使用中,每一个升压站和每一个降压站的工作状态的转换,应由电网管理控制中心调控。整个管理、控制、调整、检测的硬件和软件,属于智能电网技术范畴,本发明没有涉及。
六、工业实用性
上面的实施例在解释如何使用本发明时,也说明了对各种类型的电力输送系统的工业实用性。
本发明的实施,赋予电网有如下特点:作为升压用的蓄电池组被充电时与电网脱离,只在它们对远端的蓄电池组充电时时才接入电网;作为降压用的蓄电池组在接受充电时才连接上电网,而当它们对用 电器或局域网供电时,已经与电网脱离。这就是说,如果电网发生故障,发电站可以继续工作,对蓄电池组的充电可以继续进行,供电端的蓄电池组可以继续对用电器供电。这个特点使供电系统更加安全,对电网事故的处理变得从容,使控制和管理系统变得简单、可靠。
本发明的实施,能使发电、储能、供电紧密结合在一起。对发电端和用点端的起伏变化,有很强的耐受能力。
本发明的实施,能获得高品质的直流电,消除了各类交流谐波。
本发明的实施,省去了直流变交流和交流变直流的转换,而依赖的是电能与化学能之间的转换。后者是否更节能,需要高品质、高储能密度的蓄电池来给出答案。
处于交流发电在全球电力供应中占很大优势的当下,对各种可再生能源发电站、或它们的组合,采用本发明的技术和方法建立的微电网、局域电网将是可行的、有利的。由此还会推动相应的检测、控制、管理、维护、检修等项技术的发展,进而为跨地区、乃至全球直流电力互联网的建立,提供成熟的技术和经验。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种全直流升降压输送电系统,其特点是至少具有一个升压站和一个降压站,采用蓄电池组作为主要元件,利用其可充电、可放电、可蓄电的特性,将它们串联或并联或拆分回单个蓄电池组,以及在这些连接方式之间的往复变换,实现直流电的储存、升压、输电、降压和供电。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是:实施升高直流电压的是升压站,实施降低直流电压的是降压站;升压站的主体可以是由一定数量蓄电池组构成的充电串联堆,及服务于充电串联堆的硬件设施,这些设施至少应包含一个与电网或输电电缆的联结,一个与低压直流电源的联结,以及用于蓄电池组串联和并联的接头;降压站的主体是由一定数量蓄电池组构成的被充电蓄电池组串联,及服务于被充电蓄电池组的硬件设施,这些设施至少应包含一个与电网或输电电缆的联结,若干个与用户负载的联结,以及用于蓄电池组串联和并联的接头。
  3. 权利要求2所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是升压站的蓄电池组先构成并联,与直流电源连接并接受充电;充电完成后,蓄电池组与直流电源断开,变更为串联,称为充电串联堆,连接电网或输电电缆并送电;当充电串联堆的蓄电池组供电结束后,与电网或输电电缆断开,变串联为并联,又与直流电源连接接受充电;上述过程循环往复,使输送电得以持续。
  4. 权利要求2所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是降压站的蓄电池组构成串联,称为被充电蓄电池组串联,连接电网或输电电缆接受充电;充电完成后,按用户负载的要求,把被充电蓄电池组串联以单个蓄电池组、多个蓄电池组串联、多个蓄电池组并联等三种形式,拆分为不同的单元,各自独立地与其对应的负载连接并供电;这些蓄电池组单元供电结束后,与负载断开,又变更连接方式还原为被充电蓄电池组串联,联上电网或输电电缆接受充电;上述过程循环往复,使用电得以持续。
  5. 权利要求4所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是降压站的被充电蓄电池组串联在充电结束后拆分出的那些蓄电池组串联,可用作直流电源向电压较低的电网的送电。
  6. 权利要求2所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是在升压站和降压站的蓄电池组可以是普通的蓄电池组,在本发明中称之为A型蓄电池组;升压站的A型蓄电池组形成充电串联堆后的正极和电网之间,应安装只允许电流流出的单向导电元件,例如二极管;降压站的A型蓄电池组形成被充电蓄电池组串联后的正极和电网之间,应安装只允许电流流进的单向导电元件,例如二极管;
    用于降压站的蓄电池组还可以在普通的蓄电池组的正极加装一个单向导电元件,如二极管,或在负极加装一个单向导电元件,如二极管;蓄电池组正极加装的单向导电元件只允许电流流进,在本发明中被定义为B型蓄电池组;蓄电池组负极加装的单向导电元件只允许电流流出,在本发明中被定义为C型蓄电池组。
  7. 权利要求3所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是升压站可以由几个分升压站串联构成,这些分升压站可以在不同的地方,相互有一段距离,各分升压站对应的充电串联堆可以由不同类型的直流电源对其蓄电池组充电;这些分升压站的充电串联堆的输出电压可以不同但其输出电压的总和应符合上网要求。
  8. 权利要求2所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是升压站和降压站不止一个:在一次电源(直流)附近,可以建立输出电压符合要求的升压站;在用户群中心,可以建立接入电压符合要求的降压站;还可以设置一些备用的供电入口和用电出口,允许符合要求的升压站和降压站接入;以此为基础,形成一个开放的全直流升降压输送电系统。
  9. 权利要求2所述的全直流升降压输送电系统,其特征是所包含的升压站可以由直流电源代替,而仍然具有一个或多个由本发明定义的降压站或被充电蓄电池组串。
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