WO2019127123A1 - 一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019127123A1
WO2019127123A1 PCT/CN2017/119074 CN2017119074W WO2019127123A1 WO 2019127123 A1 WO2019127123 A1 WO 2019127123A1 CN 2017119074 W CN2017119074 W CN 2017119074W WO 2019127123 A1 WO2019127123 A1 WO 2019127123A1
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organic feed
graphite
slurry
fermentation
organic
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PCT/CN2017/119074
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李铁才
张世凡
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深圳市大富科技股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201780036317.2A priority Critical patent/CN109496127A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/119074 priority patent/WO2019127123A1/zh
Publication of WO2019127123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127123A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a graphite-based organic feed.
  • graphite As a form of carbon, graphite is widely used in various industries because of its good physical and chemical properties.
  • the technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a graphite-based organic feed, which can fully utilize resources and reduce the preparation cost of the organic feed.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a graphite-based organic feed, the method comprising: separately providing an organic feed material and a graphite waste slurry; according to the requirements of organic feed fermentation, The organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry are mixed and subjected to a fermentation reaction to obtain the organic feed.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the method for preparing the organic feed of the present invention is different from the prior art, and the method comprises: separately providing an organic feed material and a graphite waste slurry; and according to the requirements of the organic feed fermentation, the organic feed material and The graphite scrap slurry is mixed and subjected to a fermentation reaction to obtain an organic feed.
  • the graphite waste slurry produced by processing the graphite is recycled and utilized together with the organic feed raw material to form an organic feed, thereby turning waste into treasure and realizing full utilization of resources; in addition, since the present invention is organic
  • the low-cost, fully nutritious graphite waste slurry is added to the feed ingredients, eliminating the need for additional nutrients, which can significantly reduce the cost of organic feed preparation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing an organic feed dry powder of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of step S102 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing an organic feed according to the present invention, the method comprising:
  • Step S101 providing an organic feed material and a graphite waste slurry, respectively;
  • Step S102 mixing the organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry according to the requirements of organic feed fermentation, and performing a fermentation reaction to obtain an organic feed.
  • the organic feed is a feed product produced by an organic production system using organic feed raw materials according to relevant standards of organic feed, and the whole production may include concentrate feed, roughage and additives.
  • Organic feeds must not contain chemically synthesized drugs, growth promoters or other chemical synthetic additives, as well as products obtained by genetic engineering techniques. The requirements for this type of product are higher than for green feed.
  • Organic feed ingredients the raw materials needed to produce organic feed.
  • the organic feed raw material in the embodiment may be: agricultural waste, such as straw, soybean meal, cotton aphid, mushroom residue, biogas residue, microbial residue, lignin residue, etc.; livestock and poultry manure, such as chicken manure, cattle and sheep horse dung, rabbit Feces; industrial waste, such as distiller's grains, vinegar grains, cassava residue, sugar residue, furfural residue, etc.; domestic garbage, such as kitchen waste; urban sludge, such as river silt, sewer sludge, etc.; biogas slurry.
  • the source is wide and the quantity is large; the nutrients are all, the content is low; the fertilizer effect is long and long, and it must be absorbed by the plants after being decomposed and transformed by microorganisms; the effect of improving soil and fertilization is good.
  • the organic feed material may be an organic feed material after pulverization, and may be, for example, an organic feed material pulverized by a pulverizer or the like.
  • the pulverized organic feed material can increase the specific surface area of the organic feed material, which is beneficial to the dissolution of the anti-nutritional factors lignin and silica, and facilitates the intercalation of the microbial hyphae during the fermentation reaction, thereby improving the enzymatic efficiency. .
  • the organic feed material may be a vegetable fiber powder, that is, a powder obtained by pulverizing a plant fiber by a pulverizer or the like. Reducing the particle size of the vegetable fiber powder enables it to make more complete contact with other raw materials for preparing the organic feed, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
  • the treatment of plant fibers such as straw into plant fiber powder having too small a particle size not only increases the performance requirements for the pulverizing equipment, but also the plant fiber powder having a too small particle size is likely to float in the air, making the production process inconvenient.
  • the plant fiber powder may have a particle diameter of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, specifically 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, or the like.
  • the particle size of the appropriate plant fiber powder can be comprehensively selected according to the actual needs of the organic feed preparation process and the performance of the current pulverizing equipment.
  • inorganic ammonia may be further added to remove part of the lignin, thereby further providing a nitrogen source for the microorganism.
  • the plant fiber powder may be a powder after the straw is pulverized.
  • the straw in the present embodiment includes the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, potato, oil, cotton, sugar cane, and other crops after harvesting the seeds. More than half of the photosynthesis products of crops are found in straw, which is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter. It is a multi-purpose renewable biological resource.
  • the straw in the present embodiment may be at least one of corn stover, sorghum straw, wheat straw, straw, rice husk, bean straw, cotton stalk, wood chips, and tree branches.
  • straw is used as an organic feed material to prepare organic feed, which has wide source and low cost, can realize waste utilization, can not only prevent damage caused by large amount of straw burning, and can greatly increase the added value of agricultural production. Effectively increase farmers' income.
  • the graphite scrap slurry may be a slurry of graphite processed waste, and may specifically be the most inferior scrap slurry in the preparation process of graphite.
  • Graphite is a non-metallic compound that has been crystallized and crystallized by organic organisms 200 million years ago. The remaining waste slurry of the graphite processing process contains all the nutrients required by almost ancient organisms and modern organisms, and the ratio is most appropriate and natural.
  • the graphite waste slurry used may have a water content of 50% to 90%, for example, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or the like.
  • the dry material of the graphite waste slurry contains nutrients such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine and selenium, as well as other nutrients required for animal growth.
  • the graphite waste slurry contains 1.0% to 3.0% of iron, 0.1% to 0.3% of copper, 0.2% to 0.8% of manganese, 0.5% to 1.5% of zinc, 0.01% to 0.02% of iodine, and 0.01% to 0.03% of selenium.
  • the nutrients and nutrients in the graphite waste slurry can be supplemented as organic feed materials on the one hand and absorbed by the animals, which is beneficial to reduce the amount of organic feed materials and thus reduce the production cost of organic feed.
  • part of the nutrient elements in the graphite waste slurry can be used as a catalyst to catalyze the preparation process of the organic feed, thereby improving the production efficiency of the organic feed.
  • the graphite processing in the present embodiment may refer to a process of obtaining the graphite slurry or the graphite dry powder required for the production of the graphite ore ore after blasting by refining and purifying, and the graphite waste slurry may be dried.
  • the slurry which is discarded after centrifugation in the process of refining or wet refining, or the graphite scrap slurry which is obtained after the last siphon separation and which is not used, may also be obtained after centrifugal drying.
  • the slurry formed by the dry powder having a low graphite content after treatment may of course be a waste slurry produced in other processes in the graphite processing process; in addition, the graphite processing in the present embodiment may also refer to the finished graphite being recovered.
  • the graphite scrap slurry at this time can be the scrap slurry produced in the graphite reprocessing process.
  • the graphite waste slurry produced in the preparation process of the fine electrode material of the new lithium battery is used as the graphite waste slurry in the embodiment, and specifically, the natural graphite ore is crushed and sequentially Centrifugal treatment by dry refining centrifuge and wet refining centrifuge, followed by gravity flotation in flotation tower, siphon separation by siphon pump, and the lowest graphite available after siphon separation a waste slurry which cannot be used for preparing a graphite waste slurry of a lithium battery negative electrode due to a low graphite content, and thus can be used as a graphite waste slurry in the present embodiment, and can be concentrated into a desired product as needed Semi-dry graphite scrap slurry.
  • the separated useful graphite slurry is subjected to centrifugal drying treatment, and after the centrifugal drying treatment, the dry powder having a low graphite content can be used for the preparation of the organic feed in the present embodiment.
  • the mass ratio of the organic feed material to the graphite scrap slurry is 2:1 to 5:1, and may be, for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 or the like.
  • the moisture content in the graphite waste slurry is determined. For example, when the water content in the graphite scrap slurry is high, the ratio can be appropriately adjusted. On the contrary, when the water content in the graphite scrap slurry is low, the ratio can be appropriately lowered.
  • the method further comprises: concentrating the graphite waste slurry into a semi-dry graphite waste slurry.
  • the graphite waste slurry may be concentrated by a thickener, or may be concentrated by natural evaporation of water, or may be pressurized or concentrated, or may be centrifuged, filtered, or evaporated. It is not limited, as long as the concentrated slurry is suitable for the fermentation reaction after being mixed with the organic feed material.
  • the graphite scrap slurry produced by processing the graphite is recycled and used together with the organic feed material to form an organic feed dry powder, thereby turning waste into treasure and realizing full utilization of resources;
  • the addition of low-cost, fully nutritious graphite waste slurry to organic feed ingredients eliminates the need for additional nutrients and can significantly reduce the cost of organic feed preparation.
  • the microorganism is inoculated into the formed mixture, and then introduced into a greenhouse or a solid fermentor to carry out a fermentation reaction.
  • single-fermentation fermentation or mixed-fermentation fermentation may be employed.
  • the strain may include cellulose, hemicellulose-decomposing bacteria, and may be, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Shiitake, etc., and may also include nutrient-enhancing bacteria, for example It can be yeast, which provides amino acids and vitamins for organic feeds.
  • the organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry may be mixed according to the requirements of the organic feed fermentation, and a predetermined amount of yeast may be added to carry out the fermentation reaction, wherein the specific amount of the yeast may be determined according to actual needs, with reference to the specific application of the organic feed.
  • the object, the organic feed material and the amount of the graphite processing waste slurry are added, for example, 100 g to 2000 g of yeast may be added to the mixture of the organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry per ton, specifically, 50 g, 75 g, 100 g. 150g, 200g, 500g, 1000g, 2000g, etc.
  • the yeast may be a composite yeast combination, and may include a flora that fermentatively decomposes lignocellulosic molecules, a starter that promotes repeated repeated fermentation of the flora, and the like; more specifically, the composite yeast combination may further include photosynthetic bacteria, pay-off Bacteria, yeast, Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, and the like. Different combinations of yeasts can be used for different organic feed ingredients. In some application scenarios, for example, when preparing an organic feed, it is also possible to appropriately add a micro-repair such as Cordyceps sinensis required by the animal.
  • a micro-repair such as Cordyceps sinensis required by the animal.
  • an appropriate amount of water may be added to the mixture of the organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry to control the water content to be about 65% to 75%, such as 65%, 70%, 75%, and the like.
  • a variety of crop straw mixed fermentation such as corn stover and wheat straw can be mixed, so that the nutrition is more comprehensive and the effect is better.
  • a pH adjuster may be appropriately added before the fermentation reaction, and the pH is adjusted to 4.9 to 6.5, specifically, 4.9, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, etc., and then the fermentation reaction is carried out.
  • the specific fermentation time can be considered according to the weather and other factors, and can usually be 2 to 5 days, such as 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, and the like.
  • the fermentation temperature can be controlled at 20 to 45 ° C, specifically 20 ° C, 25 ° C, 30 ° C, 35 ° C, 40 ° C, 45 ° C, etc., up to 45 ° C, to prevent excessive fermentation deterioration.
  • the weight of the straw should be no less than 15 kg per fermentation.
  • the amount is too small to heat up, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of fermentation. Of course, it can be less than 15 kg in the case of ensuring the quality of the fermentation.
  • the specific fermentation conditions can be adaptively adjusted according to the amount of the organic feed material, the amount of the graphite waste slurry, and the type of the fermented strain.
  • 750 kg of straw can be mixed with 250 kg of graphite waste slurry having a water content of 80%, and according to the fermentation requirements, 110 g of yeast is added, and the pH is adjusted to 5.0 and then carried out in a solid fermentor.
  • the fermentation temperature is controlled at 40 ° C, and the organic feed fermentation is completed after 5 days.
  • the fermentation reaction can convert the organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry into a microbial bacterial protein, a biologically active small peptide amino acid, a microbial active probiotic, and a composite enzyme preparation as an integrated organic feed.
  • the protein is decomposed into small molecular active peptides and oligopeptides which are more easily digested and absorbed by passive objects.
  • Cellulose and pectin are degraded into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and various digestive enzymes, amino acids, vitamins and bacteria are produced by metabolism.
  • Substances, immune-enhancing factors and other bacterial proteins are absorbed and utilized as passive substances in nutrients, which significantly improve the nutritional level and feed utilization of feeds, thereby improving the production indicators of animals.
  • the organic feed combined with organic microorganisms and natural reasonable minerals can be prepared by the embodiment, and has high nutritional value. At the same time, through the microbial transformation, the palatability is greatly enhanced, and the digestible nutrient content is significantly increased. Contains a large number of probiotics, which can significantly improve the immunity of the animals.
  • step S102 includes:
  • Step S1021 mixing the organic feed material and the graphite waste slurry according to the requirements of organic feed fermentation, and performing a fermentation reaction;
  • Step S1022 The mixture after the fermentation reaction is processed into an organic feed slurry according to the requirements of the organic feed slurry, or the mixture after the fermentation reaction is concentrated to obtain a dry powder of the organic feed.
  • the mixture after the fermentation reaction may be processed to form an organic feed slurry by adding water, an additive, an organic substance or the like according to the fermentation.
  • the water content of the specific organic feed slurry can be determined according to the feeding object of the organic feed slurry, weather, temperature and the like, and is not specifically limited herein.
  • the fermented mixture may be concentrated by ordinary concentration or vacuum concentration to obtain an organic feed dry powder.
  • a three-effect multi-stage evaporator can be used for three-effect vacuum evaporation. Specifically, it can be vacuum evaporated through three stages. After concentration, the concentrate is further sent to a high-speed centrifugal spray dryer for drying to form an organic feed dry powder, and the resulting organic feed dry powder has a water content of less than 5%.
  • the three-effect multi-stage evaporator is used to concentrate the fermented mixture, the heating time is short, the evaporation speed is fast, the concentration ratio is large, and the original effect of the organic feed is effectively maintained.
  • the natural graphite ore is crushed and then subjected to centrifugal treatment by a dry refining centrifuge and a wet refining centrifuge, and then gravity flotation in the flotation tower. And using a siphon pump for siphon separation, after the siphon separation, the most inferior graphite scrap slurry obtained.
  • the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria.
  • the natural graphite ore is crushed and then subjected to centrifugal treatment by a dry refining centrifuge and a wet refining centrifuge, and then gravity flotation in the flotation tower. And using a siphon pump for siphon separation, after the siphon separation, the most inferior graphite scrap slurry obtained.
  • the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria.
  • the natural graphite ore is crushed and then subjected to centrifugal treatment by a dry refining centrifuge and a wet refining centrifuge, and then gravity flotation in the flotation tower. And using a siphon pump for siphon separation, after the siphon separation, the most inferior graphite scrap slurry obtained.
  • the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria.
  • 750kg corn stover powder is used as an organic feed material, and a composite yeast mixture is added and mixed and stirred into a fermenter for fermentation reaction, and 700 kg of organic feed is obtained.
  • the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, Bacillus, and lactic acid bacteria.
  • the organic feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples exhibited daily gain in lambs in the organic feeds of Examples 1 to 3 when feeding small-tailed Han sheep compared with ordinary feed. It is comparable to the net meat rate to the level of common organic feed in the feed comparison.
  • Example 2 The raw materials and the yeast of the organic feed in Example 1 and the comparative examples were the same, except that Example 1 added graphite slurry waste to the corn stover powder; and the comparative example did not add, according to the corn stover
  • Table 2 The market price of the powder, the specific cost comparison is shown in Table 2 below:
  • the organic feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3 can not only achieve the feeding effect comparable to the organic feed in the comparative example, but also can reduce the production cost by using the waste graphite scrap slurry for fermentation under other conditions. At the same time, the waste graphite scrap slurry is recycled to realize the full utilization of resources.

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Abstract

一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法，该方法包括：分别提供有机原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，以获得所述有机饲料。

Description

一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法 【技术领域】
本发明涉及饲料制备技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法。
【背景技术】
石墨作为碳的一种存在形式，因具有良好的物理、化学性质而为各行各业所广泛应用。
石墨的加工方法常见的有物理提纯和化学提纯方法两大类。石墨矿石在加工成所需要的石墨的过程中，会产生大量不被生产所使用的废料，这些废料往往被废弃。
然而，本申请的发明人在长期的研发过程中发现，石墨加工工艺的剩余废料中，含有几乎古生物和现代生物需要的全部营养物质，而且比例最为恰当和天然合理，若能充分利用则将变废为宝，节约资源。
【发明内容】
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法，能够实现资源的充分利用，且能降低有机饲料的制备成本。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法，所述方法包括：分别提供有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，以获得所述有机饲料。
本发明的有益效果是：区别于现有技术的情况，本发明有机饲料的制备方法，该方法包括：分别提供有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，以获得有机饲料。通过上述方式，将石墨经加工后产生的石墨废料浆料回收利用，使其与有 机饲料原料共同作用形成有机饲料，从而变废为宝，实现资源的充分利用；另外，由于本发明中向有机饲料原料中加入低成本全营养的石墨废料浆料，无需额外添加其它营养素，从而能够显著降低有机饲料的制备成本。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明有机饲料干粉的制备方法一实施方式的流程示意图；
图2是图1中步骤S102的流程示意图。
【具体实施方式】
参阅图1，图1是本发明有机饲料的制备方法一实施方式的流程示意图，该方法包括：
步骤S101：分别提供有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料；
步骤S102：按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，以获得有机饲料。
本实施方式中，有机饲料是由有机生产体系采用有机饲料原料按照有机饲料相关标准进行加工生产的饲料产品，通产可以包括精饲料、粗饲料和添加剂。有机饲料中不得含有化学合成的药物、促生长剂或其它化学合成添加剂，以及由基因工程技术获得的产品。该类产品的要求高于绿色饲料。
有机饲料原料，即生产有机饲料所需的原料。本实施方式中有机饲料原料可以为：农业废弃物，如秸秆、豆粕、棉粕、菇渣、沼渣、菌渣、木质素渣等；畜禽粪便，如鸡粪、牛羊马粪、兔粪；工业废弃物，比如酒糟、醋糟、木薯渣、糖渣、糠醛渣等；生活垃圾，如餐厨垃圾等；城市污泥，如河道淤泥、下水道淤泥等；沼液沼渣等。来源广，数量大；养分全，含量低；肥效迟而长，须经微生物分解转化后才能为植物所吸收；改土培肥效果好。
本实施方式中，有机饲料原料可以为粉碎后的有机饲料原料，例如可以是经粉碎机等粉碎后的有机饲料原料。利用粉碎后的有机饲料原料能够增加有机 饲料原料的比表面积，有利于其中的抗营养因子木质素和二氧化硅的溶出，同时在进行发酵反应时有利于微生物菌丝的穿插，提高酶解效率。
具体地，有机饲料原料可以为植物纤维粉，即植物纤维经粉碎机等粉碎后的粉末。降低植物纤维粉的粒径能够使其与制备有机饲料的其它原料更充分的接触，提高反应速率。但是，将秸秆等植物纤维处理成粒径太小的植物纤维粉不仅增加对粉碎设备的性能要求，且粒径太小的植物纤维粉容易漂浮在空气中，使生产过程较为不便。因此，植物纤维粉的粒径可以为5～50微米，具体可以为5微米、10微米、20微米、30微米、40微米、50微米等。总之，可以根据有机饲料制备过程的实际需要及当前粉碎设备的性能，综合选择合适的植物纤维粉的粒径。
在一个应用场景中，在植物纤维经粉碎后还可以进一步加入无机氨，去除部分木质素，从而能够进一步为微生物提供氮源。
其中，植物纤维粉可以为秸秆粉碎后的粉末。本实施方式中的秸秆包括小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油料、棉花、甘蔗和其它农作物在收获籽实后的剩余部分。农作物光合作用的产物有一半以上存在于秸秆中，秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和有机质等，是一种具有多用途的可再生的生物资源。本实施方式中的秸秆可以是玉米秸、高粱秸、麦秸、稻草、稻壳、豆秸、棉秆、木屑以及树枝中的至少一种。
我国农作物秸秆年产出量巨大，大部分被废弃或者低效率焚烧处理，不仅造成资源浪费，还严重污染环境。本实施方式中，采用秸秆作为有机饲料原料制备有机饲料，来源广、成本低廉，能够实现废物利用，不仅能够防止环境由于秸秆的大量焚烧而造成损害，而且还可大幅度提高农业生产的附加值，有效增加农民收入。
另外，石墨废料浆料可以是石墨经加工后的废料的浆料，具体可以是石墨的制备工艺过程中最下等的废料浆料。石墨是2亿年前的有机生物长期变化、结晶而来的非金属化合物。石墨加工工艺的剩余废料浆料中，含有几乎古生物 和现代生物需要的全部营养物质，而且比例最为恰当和天然合理。本实施方式中，所采用的石墨废料浆料中含水量可在50％～90％，例如可以是50％、60％、70％、80％、90％等。其中，在石墨废料浆料的绝干物料中，含有铜、铁、锌、锰、碘、硒等营养元素，以及其它一些动物生长所需要的营养元素。具体地，石墨废料浆料中含铁1.0％～3.0％、铜0.1％～0.3％、锰0.2％～0.8％、锌0.5％～1.5％、碘0.01％～0.02％、硒0.01％～0.03％。需要指出的是，石墨废料浆料中的营养物质和营养元素，一方面可以作为有机饲料原料的补充，被动物所吸收，有利于减少有机饲料原料的用量，从而降低有机饲料的制作成本。另一方面，石墨废料浆料中的部分营养元素能够作为催化剂催化有机饲料制备的过程，进而提高有机饲料的制作效率。
本实施方式中的石墨加工可以是指将爆破后的石墨原矿矿石通过细化、提纯后得到生产所需要的石墨浆料或石墨干粉的过程，此时石墨废料浆料可以是在进行干法细化、湿法细化过程中经离心机离心处理后废弃的浆料，或者是最后经虹吸分离后得到的废弃不用的石墨含量较低的石墨废料浆料，还可以是在进行离心干燥后得到的石墨含量较低的干粉经处理后形成的浆料，当然也可以是石墨加工过程中其它工艺过程中产生的废料浆料；另外，本实施方式中的石墨加工还可以是指成品石墨经过回收后再次生产加工的过程，此时的石墨废料浆料即可以是石墨再加工过程中产生的废料浆料。
在一个应用场景中，利用新型锂电池的负极材料精细磷片石墨的制备过程中产生的石墨废料浆料作为本实施方式中的石墨废料浆料，具体地，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，可得到的最下等的石墨废料浆料，该废料浆料由于石墨含量低而不能够用来制备锂电池负极的石墨废料浆料，从而可以用来作为本实施方式中的石墨废料浆料，并可根据需求将其浓缩成半干石墨废料浆料。进一步，在进行虹吸分离后，对分离出来的有用的石墨浆料进行离心干燥处理，在离心干燥处理后，会分离 出来石墨含量较低的干粉也可以用于本实施方式中有机饲料制备。
具体地，本实施方式中，有机饲料原料与石墨废料浆料的质量比例为2:1～5:1，例如可以为2:1、3:1、4:1、5:1等。当然，具体还需要根据石墨废料浆料中的水分含量确定。例如在石墨废料浆料中含水量较高时可将比例适当调高，相反，在石墨废料浆料中含水量较低时可将比例适当调低。
其中，在一个应用场景当中，步骤S102之前，还包括：将石墨废料浆料浓缩成半干石墨废料浆料。
本实施方式中可以通过浓缩机对石墨废料浆料进行浓缩，也可以通过自然蒸发水份进行浓缩或者还可以采用加压浓缩的方式，或者采用离心、过滤、蒸发的方式等均可，此处不做限定，只要浓缩后的浆料在与有机饲料原料混合后适于进行发酵反应即可。
本实施方式中，将石墨经加工后产生的石墨废料浆料回收利用，使其与有机饲料原料共同作用形成有机饲料干粉，从而变废为宝，实现资源的充分利用；另外，由于本发明中向有机饲料原料中加入低成本全营养的石墨废料浆料，无需额外添加其它营养素，从而能够显著降低有机饲料的制备成本。
本实施方式中在有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料混合后，在形成的混合物中接种微生物，然后进入温室或者固体发酵罐中进行发酵反应。本实施方式中，可以采用单菌发酵，也可以采用混菌发酵。在采用混菌发酵时，菌种可以包括纤维素、半纤维素分解菌，例如可以是枯草芽孢杆菌，木霉，黑曲霉，根霉，平菇，香菇等，还可以包括营养增强菌，例如可以是酵母，能够为有机饲料提供氨基酸和提供维生素。
具体地，可以按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料混合，并加入预定量的酵母进行发酵反应，其中，具体的酵母的用量可按照实际需求，参考有机饲料的具体施加对象、有机饲料原料与石墨加工废料浆料的量等因素进行添加，例如可以在每吨有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料的混合物中添加100g～2000g酵母，具体地，可以是50g、75g、100g、150g、200g、500g、 1000g、2000g等。
具体地，酵母可以为复合酵母组合，可包括使木质纤维素分子发酵分解的菌群、促进菌群连续重复发酵的发酵剂等；更加具体地，该复合酵母组合还可以包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、丝状真菌等。可以针对不同的有机饲料原料采用不同的符合酵母组合。在一些应用场景中，例如在制备有机饲料时，还可以适当加入动物所需要的冬虫夏草等微量补品。
在进行发酵反应前，可以在有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料的混合物中添加适量的清水，使得含水量控制在65％～75％左右，如65％、70％、75％等。同时，可以采用多种作物秸秆混合发酵，如玉米秸与小麦秸混合等等，这样营养更全面，效果更好。在一个应用场景中，还可以根据需求加入10～30％左右的的玉米面一同发酵。
将有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料混合后，在进行发酵反应前，可适当加入pH调节剂，调节pH至4.9～6.5，具体如4.9、5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5等，然后进行发酵反应。其中，具体的发酵时间可根据天气等因素考虑，通常可以为2～5天，如2天、3天、4天、5天等均可。发酵温度可控制在20～45℃，具体可以为20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃等，最高不要超过45℃，以防过度发酵变质。
每次发酵秸秆重量一般应不低于15公斤，量太少不利于升温，难以保证发酵质量。当然，在能保证发酵质量的情况下也可以低于15公斤。
需要指出的是，具体的发酵条件可根据有机饲料原料、石墨废料浆料的量以及发酵的菌种的种类的不通进行适应性调整。例如，在一个应用场景中，可将750kg秸秆与250kg含水量为80％的石墨废料浆料混合，并根据发酵要求，加入110g的酵母菌，并将pH调节至5.0然后在固体发酵罐中进行发酵反应，在发酵过程中，将发酵温度控制在40℃，5天后即完成有机饲料发酵。
进行发酵反应能够将有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料转化为微生物菌体蛋白、生物活性小肽类氨基酸、微生物活性益生菌、复合酶制剂为一体有机饲料。经过发酵后蛋白质被分解为更易被动物体消化吸收的小分子活性肽、寡肽，纤维 素、果胶被降解为单糖和寡糖，同时代谢产生的多种消化酶、氨基酸、维生素、抑菌物质、免疫增强因子以及其它一些菌体蛋白，作为营养物质被动物体吸收利用，显著提高饲料的营养水平和饲料利用率，从而提高动物体的各项生产指标。
通过本实施方式能够制成有机微生物和天然合理矿物质组合的有机饲料，具有很高的营养价值；同时，通过微生物转化，适口性大大增强，可消化营养含量显著增大。含有大量的益生菌，能够显著提高饲养动物的免疫力。
进一步地，本实施方式中所指出的有机饲料可以为有机饲料浆料或者有机饲料干粉。此时，请参阅图2，步骤S102包括：
步骤S1021：按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；
步骤S1022：根据有机饲料浆料的要求，将发酵反应后的混合物加工成有机饲料浆料，或者，将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得有机饲料干粉。
本实施方式中，在发酵完成后，可根据发酵情况，通过添加水分、添加剂、或者有机质等，并经搅拌将发酵反应后的混合物加工形成有机饲料浆料。其中，具体的有机饲料浆料的含水量可以根据有机饲料浆料的饲养对象、以及天气、温度等因素共同决定，此处不做具体限定。
另外，本实施方式中，在发酵完成后，还可通过普通浓缩或者真空浓缩的方法对发酵后的混合物进行浓缩，以得到有机饲料干粉。
具体地，可采用三效多级蒸发器进行三效真空蒸发。具体可以通过三个阶段的真空蒸发。在浓缩后，进一步将浓缩液送入高速离心喷雾干燥器中进行干燥形成有机饲料干粉，最终形成的有机饲料干粉含水量小于5％。
本实施方式中采用三效多级蒸发器对发酵后的混合物进行浓缩，受热时间短、蒸发速度快，浓缩比重大，有效保持有机饲料的原效。
下面通过具体的实施例进一步对本发明的技术方案进行说明：
实施例1
在制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，得到的最下等的石墨废料浆料。
将750kg玉米秸粉末作为有机饲料原料，和250kg上述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，获得有机饲料850kg。其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌。
实施例2
在制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，得到的最下等的石墨废料浆料。
将800kg稻草粉末作为有机饲料原料，和200kg上述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，获得有机饲料。其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌。
实施例3
在制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，得到的最下等的石墨废料浆料。
将700kg麦秸粉末和300kg上述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，获得有机饲料。其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌。
对比例
按照当前普通有机饲料技术，将750kg玉米秸粉末作为有机饲料原料，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，获得有机饲料700kg。 其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌。
(一)选择小尾寒羊早起断奶羔羊80只，平均分为4组，每只羊体重相差不超过1kg，将实施例1～3及对比例中所制备的有机饲料分别对应4组羔羊饲喂50天，均自由觅食，充分饮水。饲喂结果如下表：
表1 试验结果
Figure PCTCN2017119074-appb-000001
从表1中能够看出，实施例1～3与对比例中所制备的有机饲料在饲养小尾寒羊时，与普通饲料相比，实施例1～3中的有机饲料在羔羊的日增重与净肉率上能够达到与饲喂对比例中的普通有机饲料相当的水平。
(二)实施例1和对比例中有机饲料的原料及酵母均相同，不同之处在于，实施例1在玉米秸粉末中添加了石墨浆料废料；而对比例中则没有添加，根据玉米秸粉末的市售价格，具体成本对照如下表2所示：
表2 成本对照表
项目 有机饲料原料(元) 有机饲料产量(kg)
实施例1 450～600/ 850
对比例 450～600 700
由表2能够清楚得看出，对比例与实施例1中，采用相同价格的有机饲料原料进行发酵制备有机饲料，最终实施例1中的产量明显高于对比例。这是因为，实施例1中另外将石墨废料浆料加入玉米秸粉末中一起进行发酵反应，能够在一定程度上提高了有机饲料的产量，而石墨废料浆料取自制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中所产生的废弃不用的石墨废料浆料，因此，成本可以忽略不计。因此，实施例1中制备有机饲料的方法能够大大降低有机饲料的制作成本。
综上，实施例1～3中所制备的有机饲料不仅能够达到与对比例中的有机饲 料相当的饲养效果，而且在其它条件相同的情况下，采用废弃石墨废料浆料进行发酵能够降低制作成本，同时，将废弃的石墨废料浆料回收利用，从而实现资源的充分利用。
以上仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种基于石墨的有机饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    分别提供有机饲料原料和石墨废料浆料；
    按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，以获得所述有机饲料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料为石墨经加工后的废料的浆料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应之前，包括：
    将所述石墨废料浆料浓缩成半干石墨废料浆料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机饲料原料为粉碎后的有机饲料原料。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机饲料原料为植物纤维粉；
    所述植物纤维粉的粒径为5～50微米；
    所述有机饲料原料为粗饲料。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中铁元素的含量为1.0％～3.0％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中铁元素的含量为1.0％～3.0％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中锌元素的含量为0.5％～1.5％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中锰元素的含量为0.2％～0.8％。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机饲料原料与所述 石墨废料浆料的质量比例为2:1～5:1。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，包括：
    按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入预定量的酵母进行发酵反应。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酵母为复合酵母组合；
    所述复合酵母组合包括使木质纤维素分子发酵分解的菌群、促进所述菌群连续重复发酵的发酵剂；
    所述复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机饲料原料为不同类型的秸秆原料；
    根据不同用户对所述有机饲料的要求，所述不同类型的秸秆原料采用不同的复合酵母组合和不同的石墨废料浆料进行发酵反应。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机饲料为有机饲料浆料或者有机饲料干粉。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，以获得所述有机饲料，包括：
    按照有机饲料发酵的要求，将所述有机饲料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；
    根据有机饲料浆料的要求，将发酵反应后的混合物加工成所述有机饲料浆料，或者，将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得所述有机饲料干粉。
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