WO2019116697A1 - 遷音速翼型、翼及び航空機 - Google Patents
遷音速翼型、翼及び航空機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019116697A1 WO2019116697A1 PCT/JP2018/037668 JP2018037668W WO2019116697A1 WO 2019116697 A1 WO2019116697 A1 WO 2019116697A1 JP 2018037668 W JP2018037668 W JP 2018037668W WO 2019116697 A1 WO2019116697 A1 WO 2019116697A1
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- airfoil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/10—Shape of wings
- B64C3/14—Aerofoil profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/10—Shape of wings
- B64C3/14—Aerofoil profile
- B64C2003/149—Aerofoil profile for supercritical or transonic flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, a transonic wing of a wing of a transonic airliner, a wing having such a wing and an aircraft having such wing as a wing.
- the drag acting on an aircraft can be classified into two: pressure resistance and friction resistance.
- pressure resistance is a force that pulls the object backward by peeling air around the object and creating a vortex backwards and lowering pressure, which is a type of shape resistance that changes depending only on the shape of the object. is there.
- the pressure resistance reduction of the main wing plays a large role in reducing the total aircraft resistance.
- the main wing of the transonic airliner currently operating is delaying the influence of the compressibility of the air generated on the wing, that is, the damage caused by the shock wave, by having a receding angle.
- the shock wave is generated by adopting a blade cross section, that is, a transonic wing shape such as a peaky wing, a rear loading wing, or a super critical wing, which has a flat upper surface and suppressed acceleration as the wing. We are making efforts to make it gentle.
- a typical transonic airfoil the peakie airfoil, is an airfoil that does not generate shock waves at all despite the transonic airfoil.
- the shock wave is a very weak airfoil (see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 8 and Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- Non-patent Document 7 The present inventors are examining the technique which applied the natural laminar flow wing design technique for reducing frictional resistance to the conceptual design of a transonic machine as one of the means (refer to patent documents 5 etc.). The inventors discovered an airfoil that significantly reduces pressure resistance in the process (Non-patent Document 7).
- S The surface length along the surface of the airfoil with reference to the leading edge (positive for the upper surface direction, negative for the lower surface direction)
- ⁇ Non-dimensionalized curvature with reciprocal of chord length ⁇ s: integral value of curvature ⁇ ) .
- the wing concerning one form of the present invention has the above-mentioned transonic wing type.
- an aircraft according to an aspect of the present invention has such a transonic wing-type wing.
- pressure resistance can be reduced more than ever.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an aircraft according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which made dimensionless the wing type of the main wing shown in FIG. It is a graph (the 1) which shows pressure distribution of the static pressure of the chord direction of the airfoil illustrated as an example concerning an embodiment and a reference example. It is the figure which extracted pressure distribution of the wing
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the angle ⁇ from the center of the RAE 2822 airfoil and ⁇ ⁇ .
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the angle ⁇ from the center of the RAE 2822 airfoil and Cp.
- 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the angles ⁇ and ⁇ from the center of the RAE 2822 airfoil. It is a graph which shows the relationship between x / c and Cp of a CRM airfoil. It is a graph which shows the relationship between x / c and z / c of a CRM airfoil. It is a graph which shows the relationship between z / c and Cp of a CRM airfoil. It is a graph which shows the relationship between z / c of a CRM airfoil, and kappa. It is a graph which shows the relationship between angle (theta) from the center of a CRM airfoil, and ( theta) theta .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an aircraft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the aircraft 1 has a wing 10, a tail 3 and the like on a fuselage 2.
- the main wing 10 has a transonic airfoil according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram in which the airfoil of the main wing 10 is made dimensionless.
- symbol 11 has shown the two-dimensional wing shape (wing shape) of the main wing 10.
- the two-dimensional airfoil 11 is a two-dimensional element in the chord direction arranged in the spanwise direction to constitute a three-dimensional element (three-dimensional wing) attached to generate lift mainly in the aircraft 1 is there.
- 12 indicates the leading edge
- 13 indicates the trailing edge.
- the leading edge 12 and the trailing edge 13 are positions which take the minimum value / maximum value of the coordinates in the chord direction in the above two-dimensional element.
- the upper side of the line segment 14 connecting the front edge 12 and the rear edge 13 in the figure is the upper surface of the main wing 10, and the lower side in the figure is the lower surface.
- x is an air flow direction coordinate based on the leading edge 12
- y is a spanwise direction coordinate orthogonal to the airfoil 11
- z is based on the leading edge 12, and is perpendicular to x in the plane forming the airfoil 11. It is a direction coordinate.
- c is the chord length, ie the maximum length between any two points on the airfoil 11; In the figure, the units of the x-axis and z-axis are made non-dimensional as x / c and z / c, respectively.
- the upper surface side is positive and the lower surface side is negative.
- s is a surface length along the surface of the airfoil 11 with respect to the leading edge 12. The top side is positive and the bottom side is negative.
- the stagnation point 16 is a position where the flow velocity is zero on the surface of the two-dimensional element on which the air flow is placed, and is located near the leading edge 12 in a viscous actual flow.
- the crest is a position on the airfoil 11 at which the z coordinate is maximum or minimum, and the maximum position is called an upper surface crest and the minimum position is called a lower surface crest.
- Reference numeral 19 denotes a mid cord, and the mid coat 19 is an intermediate region between the leading edge 12 and the trailing edge 13 of the two-dimensional airfoil 11.
- reference numeral 21 is lift
- 22 is resistance
- 23 is thrust.
- the lift force 21 is a force in the direction perpendicular to the air flow direction acting by moving the two-dimensional element in the air
- the resistance 22 is the force in the air flow direction acting by moving the two-dimensional element in the air
- the thrust 23 two-dimensional element It is a force opposite to the air flow direction that works by moving in the air.
- the pressure resistance is a resistance generated by the pressure of the surface of the two-dimensional element of the resistance 22
- the pressure thrust is a pressure generated by the pressure of the surface of the two-dimensional element of the thrust 23.
- ⁇ is a non-dimensionalized curvature by the reciprocal of the chord length c
- ⁇ is an integral value of the curvature ⁇ .
- ⁇ ⁇ and s s are respectively as follows.
- ⁇ low ⁇ 5 deg.
- FIG. 3 is a graph (No. 1) showing pressure distribution of static pressure in the chord direction of the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil illustrated as a reference example.
- a solid thick line A indicates the pressure distribution of the airfoil 11 of the first aspect according to the present embodiment
- a middle line B of the solid line indicates a pressure distribution of the airfoil 11 of the second aspect according to the present embodiment.
- the thin solid line C indicates the pressure distribution of the airfoil 11 of the third aspect according to the present embodiment.
- the dotted line D shows the pressure distribution of the RAE 2822 airfoil (see non-patent document 3)
- the alternate long and short dash line E shows the pressure distribution of the CRM airfoil (see non-patent document 3)
- the alternate long and two short dashed line F shows the baseline airfoil ( Non-Patent Document 9) shows a pressure distribution.
- the solid thick line A is data relating to the airfoil 11 of the first aspect according to the present embodiment
- the center line B of the solid line is the airfoil 11 of the second aspect according to the present embodiment.
- Data on solid line, thin line C in solid line is data on airfoil 11 of the third aspect according to the present embodiment
- dotted line D is data on RAE 2822 airfoil
- dashed dotted line E is data on CRM airfoil
- dashed dotted line F is baseline wing Shows data about the type.
- the pressure resistance can be reduced because the rising of the pressure distribution is sharper than that of the airfoil illustrated as the reference example. become.
- the resistance 22 is reduced and the thrust 23 is increased.
- FIG. 4 is the figure which extracted pressure distribution of the airfoil 11 of a 1st aspect from FIG.
- the thrust increases as the shaded area (inversion area) indicated by the symbol S increases.
- the area of the inversion region of the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment is increased by about 38% to 138% compared to the conventional case, and the corresponding thrust is thereby increased.
- FIG. 5 is a graph (No. 2) showing the pressure distribution of the static pressure in the chord direction of the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil illustrated as a reference example.
- the effect of increasing the thrust and increasing the reversing area can be enhanced.
- the airfoil 11 according to this embodiment is characterized in that the rising of the pressure distribution is made steep.
- the aspect of the shape of the airfoil 11 for that purpose is demonstrated below.
- FIG. 6 is a graph (part 1) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ illustrated as a reference example.
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship between s / c and kappa s of the airfoil illustrating the airfoil 11 and Reference Example according to the present embodiment (Part 1).
- FIG. 8 is a graph (part 2) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ illustrated as a reference example.
- the maximum convex value of ⁇ is 70 or more in the upward convex curve in the range of ⁇ 0.08 ⁇ s / c ⁇ 0.08.
- FIG. 9 is a graph (part 3) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ illustrated as a reference example.
- FIG. 10 is a graph (No. 4) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to this embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ illustrated as a reference example.
- the maximum value of ⁇ is preferably 100 or less. If the curvature at the trailing edge is too large, a large reverse pressure gradient will occur downstream of it, which is likely to increase pressure resistance by causing boundary layer separation.
- FIG. 11 is a graph (No. 2) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to this embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ s illustrated as a reference example.
- FIG. 12 is a graph (No. 5) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ illustrated as a reference example.
- FIG. 13 is a graph (No. 6) showing the relationship between the airfoil 11 according to the present embodiment and the airfoil s / c and ⁇ ⁇ illustrated as a reference example.
- FIG. 14 shows a non-dimensionalized graph of the airfoil 11 exemplified in the present embodiment and the reference example.
- FIG. 15 is a graph enlarging the vicinity of the front edge of FIG.
- the airfoil 11 according to the above-described embodiment can reduce the pressure resistance of the transonic airfoil having the airfoil 11 by about 10% of the total aerodynamic drag of the transonic aircraft. This corresponds to about 10 times the frictional resistance reduced by natural laminarization.
- FIG. 16B is a graph in which the vicinity of the leading edge of the relationship between Cp and x / c of the airfoil 11 shown in FIG. 16A is enlarged.
- FIGS. 17 to 23 show the relationship between x / c and Cp, the relationship between x / c and z / c, the relationship between z / c and Cp, z of the airfoil 11 according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the relationship between / c and ⁇ , the relationship between angle ⁇ from the center and ⁇ ⁇ , the relationship between angle ⁇ from the center and Cp, and the relationship between angle ⁇ and ⁇ from the center are shown.
- FIG. 24 to FIG. 30 show the relationship between x / c and Cp, the relationship between x / c and z / c, the relationship between z / c and Cp, z of the airfoil 11 according to the second aspect of the present embodiment.
- the relationship between / c and ⁇ , the relationship between angle ⁇ from the center and ⁇ ⁇ , the relationship between angle ⁇ from the center and Cp, and the relationship between angle ⁇ and ⁇ from the center are shown.
- 31 to 37 show the relationship between x / c and Cp, the relationship between x / c and z / c, the relationship between z / c and Cp, z of the airfoil 11 according to the third aspect of the present invention.
- the relationship between / c and ⁇ , the relationship between angle ⁇ from the center and ⁇ ⁇ , the relationship between angle ⁇ from the center and Cp, and the relationship between angle ⁇ and ⁇ from the center are shown.
- Figures 38 to 44 show the relationship between x / c and Cp in the RAE 2822 airfoil, the relationship between x / c and z / c, the relationship between z / c and Cp, the relationship between z / c and ⁇ , and from the center shows the relationship between the angle theta and kappa theta, the relationship between the angle theta and Cp from the center, the relationship between the angle theta and ⁇ from the center, respectively.
- 45 to 51 show the relationship between CRM airfoils x / c and Cp, the relationship between x / c and z / c, the relationship between z / c and Cp, the relationship between z / c and ⁇ , from the center shows the relationship between the angle theta and kappa theta, the relationship between the angle theta and Cp from the center, the relationship between the angle theta and ⁇ from the center, respectively.
- the relationship between x / c and Cp of the Baseline wing, the relationship between x / c and z / c, the relationship between z / c and Cp, the relationship between z / c and ⁇ , from the center shows the relationship between the angle theta and kappa theta, the relationship between the angle theta and Cp from the center, the relationship between the angle theta and ⁇ from the center, respectively.
- Aircraft 10 Wing 11: Airfoil 12: Leading edge 13: Trailing edge
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Abstract
Description
遷音速旅客機において、この圧力抵抗の80%近くは、主翼により発生しているため、主翼の圧力抵抗低減は、全機抵抗の低減に大きな役割を果たす。
上記の遷音速翼型は、更に、前縁の翼弦方向の静圧の圧力係数Cpがz/c=0.035で-0.07以下となる翼型の形状を有してもよい。
上記の遷音速翼型は、更に、s/c=0.9以上から後縁位置までの範囲で上に凸な曲線でκの極大値が1以上であってもよい。
上記の遷音速翼型は、更に、s/c=-0.9以下から後縁位置までの範囲でκの分布が単調に1以上まで増加してもよい。
本発明の一形態に係る翼は、上記の遷音速翼型を有する。また、本発明の一形態に係る航空機は、このような遷音速翼型の主翼を有する。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る航空機を示す概略的な斜視図である。
航空機1は、胴体2に主翼10及び尾翼3などを有する。
主翼10は、本発明に係る遷音速翼型を有する。
符号11は主翼10の二次元翼型(翼型)を示している。二次元翼型11とは、航空機1で主に揚力を発生するために取り付けられた三次元要素(三次元翼)を構成するために翼幅方向に並べられた翼弦方向の二次元要素である。
12は前縁、13は後縁を示している。前縁12及び後縁13は上記の二次元要素で翼弦方向の座標の最小値/最大値をとる位置である。
前縁12と後縁13とを結ぶ線分14より図中上側がこの主翼10の上面、図中下側が下面である。
cは翼弦長、すなわち翼型11上の任意の2点間で最大の長さである。
図中x軸、z軸の単位はそれぞれx/c、z/cとして、無次元化している。
sは前縁12を基準とし、翼型11の表面に沿った表面長である。上面側を正、下面側を負とする。
19はミッドコードであり、ミッドコート19は二次元翼型11の前縁12と後縁13との間にある中間領域である。
本明細書中において、κは翼弦長cの逆数で無次元化した曲率であり、Κは曲率κの積分値である。ここで、Κθ、Κsはそれぞれ以下のとおりである。
図3において、実線の太線Aは本実施形態に係る第1の態様の翼型11の圧力分布を示し、実線の中線Bは本実施形態に係る第2の態様の翼型11の圧力分布を示し、実線の細線Cは本実施形態に係る第3の態様の翼型11の圧力分布を示している。また、点線DはRAE2822翼型(非特許文献3参照)の圧力分布を示し、一点鎖線EはCRM翼型(非特許文献3参照)の圧力分布を示し、二点鎖線FはBaseline翼型(非特許文献9参照)の圧力分布を示す。
本実施形態に係る第1~3の態様の翼型11は、その前縁12の翼弦方向の静圧の圧力係数Cpがz/c=0.015で-0.04以下となる形状を有する。
本実施形態に係る第1~3の態様の翼型11は、更に、その前縁12の翼弦方向の静圧の圧力係数Cpがs/c=0.035で-0.07以下となる形状を有する。
これにより、本実施形態に係る第1~3の態様の翼型11は、反転領域が更に拡大し、推力が増加する効果を高めることができる。
なお、本実施形態に係る翼型11は、s/c=0.3からs/c=0.6までの範囲でκが0.05以上であることが好ましい。この領域で形状が平坦あるいは負の曲率をもつ凹んだ状態であると境界層剥離を引く起すことにより圧力抵抗が増加する可能性が高いからである。
本実施形態に係る翼型11は、図9に示すように、上面クレスト17の位置の近傍であるκがs/c=0.5で0.3未満であり、0.3未満であったκがs/c=0.8で0.45以上となるように増加する形状を有する。s/c=0.5及びs/c=0.8は衝撃波発生位置の前後である。
このような形状を有することで上面クレスト17の位置より後方の圧力が上昇し、推力が更に増加する。
なお、κがs/c=0.5で0.05以上であることが好ましい。この領域で形状が平坦あるいは負の曲率をもつ凹んだ状態であると境界層剥離を引く起すことにより圧力抵抗が増加する可能性が高いからである。また、κの増加はs/c=0.8で100以下までとした方が好ましい。曲率が大きすぎると、その下流に大きな逆圧力勾配を生じ、境界層剥離を引く起すことにより圧力抵抗が増加する可能性が高いからである。
本実施形態に係る翼型11は、図10に示すように、s/c=0.9以上から後縁位置までの範囲で上に凸な曲線でκの極大値が1以上である形状を有する。
これにより、s/c=0.3からs/c=0.6において圧力低下が維持された圧力が、衝撃波によって上昇した後に当該箇所(極大値箇所)において更に上昇するために、抵抗が低減する。
なお、κの極大値は100以下であることが好ましい。後縁での曲率が大きすぎると、その下流に大きな逆圧力勾配を生じ、境界層剥離を引く起すことにより圧力抵抗が増加する可能性が高いからである。
本実施形態に係る翼型11は、図11に示すように、よどみ点16から翼下面のクレスト位置18までの範囲でκが単調減少となり、s/c=-0.1からs/c=-0.2までの曲率の積分値であるΚsが0.1以上である形状を有する。
これにより、圧力が急激に低下するために、推力が増加する。
なお、s/c=-0.1からs/c=-0.2までの曲率の積分値であるΚsが5以下であることが好ましい。前縁形状が先鋭になりすぎると、機体の迎え角が変化した場合に、失速を引く起す可能性が高いからである。
本実施形態に係る翼型11は、図12に示すように、翼下面のクレスト位置18近傍のs/c=-0.52からs/c=-0.34までの範囲でκの平均値が0.45以下であって、かつ、s/c=-0.52でκが0.4以下である形状を有する。
本実施形態に係る翼型11は、図13に示すように、s/c=-0.9以下から後縁13位置までの範囲でκの分布が単調に1以上まで増加する形状を有する。
これにより、圧力が上昇するために抵抗が低減する。
以上の実施形態に係る翼型11は、その翼型11を有する遷音速翼の圧力抵抗を、遷音速機の全機空力抵抗の10%程度低減することできる。これは、自然層流化によって低減する摩擦抵抗の10倍程度に相当する。
なお、上記の実施形態に係る翼型11は、その前縁12の翼弦方向の静圧の圧力係数Cpがz/c=0.015で-0.04以下となる形状を有するものであったが、これはCpとx/cの関係で表現すると、図16Bに示すように、x/c=0.0045でCpが負になることに相当する。なお、図16Bは図16Aに示す翼型11のCpとx/cの関係の前縁付近を拡大したグラフである。
10 :主翼
11 :翼型
12 :前縁
13 :後縁
Claims (16)
- 前縁の翼弦方向の静圧の圧力係数Cpがz/c=0.015で-0.04以下となる形状を有する
遷音速翼型。
ここで、
z:前縁を基準とし、翼型を形成する面内で気流方向に垂直な方向の座標
(正は翼上面方向、負は翼下面方向)
c:翼弦長 - 請求項1に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
前縁の翼弦方向の静圧の圧力係数Cpがz/c=0.035で-0.07以下となる形状を有する
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
-0.08<s/c<0.08の範囲で上に凸な曲線でκの極大値が70以上であり、
s/c=-0.1からs/c=0.02までのΚsが2.2以上であり、
s/c=0.3からs/c=0.6までの範囲でκが0.3以下である
遷音速翼型。
ここで、
S:前縁を基準とし、翼型の表面に沿った表面長
(正は翼上面方向、負は翼下面方向)
κ:翼弦長の逆数で無次元化した曲率
Κs:曲率κの積分値 - 請求項1から3のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
κがs/c=0.5で0.3未満であり、前記0.3未満であったκがs/c=0.8で0.45以上となるように増加する
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項1から4のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
s/c=0.9以上から後縁位置までの範囲で上に凸な曲線でκの極大値が1以上である
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項1から5のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
よどみ点から翼下面のクレスト位置までの範囲でκが単調減少となり、
s/c=-0.1からs/c=-0.2までのΚsが0.1以上である
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項1から6のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
s/c=-0.52からs/c=-0.34までの範囲でκの平均値が0.45以下であって、かつ、s/c=-0.52でκが0.4以下である
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項1から7のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
s/c=-0.9以下から後縁位置までの範囲でκの分布が単調に1以上まで増加する
遷音速翼型。 - -0.08<s/c<0.08の範囲で上に凸な曲線でκの極大値が70以上であり、
s/c=-0.1からs/c=0.02までのΚsが2.2以上であり、
s/c=0.3からs/c=0.6までの範囲でκが0.3以下である
遷音速翼型。
ここで、
S:前縁を基準とし、翼型の表面に沿った表面長
(正は翼上面方向、負は翼下面方向)
c:翼弦長
κ:翼弦長の逆数で無次元化した曲率
Κs:曲率κの積分値 - 請求項9に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
κがs/c=0.5で0.3未満であり、前記0.3未満であったκがs/c=0.8で0.45以上となるように増加する
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項9又は10に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
s/c=0.9以上から後縁位置までの範囲で上に凸な曲線でκの極大値が1以上である
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項9から11のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
よどみ点から翼下面のクレスト位置までの範囲でκが単調減少となり、
s/c=-0.1からs/c=-0.2までのΚsが0.1以上である
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項9から12のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
s/c=-0.52からs/c=-0.34までの範囲でκの平均値が0.45以下であって、かつ、s/c=-0.52でκが0.4以下である
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項9から13のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型であって、
s/c=-0.9以下から後縁位置までの範囲でκの分布が単調に1以上まで増加する
遷音速翼型。 - 請求項1から14のうちいずれか1項に記載の遷音速翼型を有する翼。
- 請求項15に記載の翼を主翼とする航空機。
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US16/771,414 US11299253B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2018-10-10 | Transonic airfoil, wing, and aircraft |
BR112020011734-0A BR112020011734B1 (pt) | 2017-12-12 | 2018-10-10 | Aerofólio transônico, asa e aeronave |
EP18889651.8A EP3725673A4 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2018-10-10 | TRANSSONIC, BLADE AND AIRCRAFT BEARING SURFACE |
CA3085552A CA3085552C (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2018-10-10 | Transonic airfoil, wing, and aircraft |
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EP (1) | EP3725673A4 (ja) |
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CA3085552A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
CA3085552C (en) | 2022-09-13 |
BR112020011734A2 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
EP3725673A1 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
US11299253B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
US20210070420A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
JP2019104355A (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
JP7038404B2 (ja) | 2022-03-18 |
EP3725673A4 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
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