WO2019114825A1 - 一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法及处理装置 - Google Patents

一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法及处理装置 Download PDF

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WO2019114825A1
WO2019114825A1 PCT/CN2018/121229 CN2018121229W WO2019114825A1 WO 2019114825 A1 WO2019114825 A1 WO 2019114825A1 CN 2018121229 W CN2018121229 W CN 2018121229W WO 2019114825 A1 WO2019114825 A1 WO 2019114825A1
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Prior art keywords
flat
water treatment
membrane
treatment device
membrane module
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PCT/CN2018/121229
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龙日军
吴汉阳
查昊燃
吴根洋
倪小兰
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江西博鑫精陶环保科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019114825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019114825A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B01D65/022—Membrane sterilisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04—Backflushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
    • B01D2321/168—Use of other chemical agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/30—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. with brushes or scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/34—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling by radiation
    • B01D2321/343—By UV radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sewage treatment complete equipment, in particular to a directional self-repairing flat ceramic membrane module and a water treatment method thereof.
  • ceramic flat membrane bioreactor As a new type of high-efficiency sewage treatment technology, ceramic flat membrane bioreactor has become an indispensable treatment technology for the treatment of domestic sewage, oily wastewater, industrial wastewater and extreme environmental wastewater (slaughter and aquaculture wastewater).
  • organic matter in wastewater is an important substance causing eutrophication and environmental pollution of water bodies, causing the proliferation of algae and other microorganisms in the water, causing the dissolved oxygen in the water to fall, the fish to die in large numbers, the ecosystem to collapse, and the annual occurrence of red tides in China's seas.
  • organic matter is one of the important causes of pollution; flat ceramic membrane has become the core component of sewage treatment equipment, and has achieved good results in practical use.
  • the invention provides a directional cleaning method for randomly arranging the surface of the flat ceramic diaphragm in the water treatment filtration, and ensuring the directional self-repairing of the filtering effect of the flat ceramic diaphragm without frequent frequent use of air and water and drug backwashing.
  • Water treatment method and device for flat ceramic membrane module are described in detail below.
  • the invention provides a water treatment device for directional self-repairing flat ceramic membrane module, wherein the flat membrane module comprises spaced apart flat membranes, and the flat membrane is provided with a brush roller capable of cleaning the surface of the membrane
  • the surface of the flat membrane is provided with a catalytic titanium dioxide separation membrane, and an ultraviolet generating device is disposed above the brush roller.
  • the water treatment device for directional self-healing flat ceramic membrane module comprises a component frame, preferably the component frame is a rigid structure for fixing the flat membrane module and the aeration mechanism body.
  • the flat membrane module further includes an upper plug and a lower plug integrally formed with the flat membrane.
  • the water treatment device for directional self-repairing the flat ceramic membrane module comprises a filter backwash device, wherein the filter backwash device comprises a variable frequency water pump, a filter valve connected to the clear water tank, and air pressure. Machine, gas backwash valve and gas backwash tube connected to the flat membrane module.
  • the two ends of the brush roller are disposed on the carrier bracket, and the carrier bracket can be moved up and down between the flat diaphragms on the component frame.
  • the ultraviolet lamp is mounted in parallel at the intermediate position of the diaphragm and mounted inside the brush.
  • the ultraviolet lamp tube has one or more of a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, and a flat shape.
  • the distance between the ultraviolet lamp tube and the flat diaphragm is no more than 4 cm.
  • a support frame is disposed on an upper portion of the assembly frame, and the support frame is mounted above the flat membrane module, and the support frame is provided with a lifting mechanism.
  • the lifting mechanism is respectively provided with a turbine screw, and the lifting mechanism rotates to drive the turbine screw to be provided with a gear converter, and a motor and a turbine reducer are arranged between the two gear converters.
  • the turbine screw bottom flange head is fixedly coupled to the carrier bracket.
  • the lifting and lowering movement of the bearing bracket on the component frame may be gear transmission, chain transmission, cylinder transmission, hydraulic transmission and screw transmission, etc., wherein a screw drive is preferred.
  • the electric machine distributes the torque power conversion angle to the gear converter through the turbine reducer, and the gear converter is connected to the turbine screw through the transmission rod II, and is connected to the turbine speed reducer via the transmission rod I.
  • the lifting bracket is fixedly disposed at four corners of the bracket, and the upper part of the lifting mechanism is engaged with a nut fixed on the supporting frame in the component frame, and the motor of the supporting frame drives the gear steering through the turbine reducer
  • the torque is transmitted to the elevator, and the platform composed of the four turbine screws is driven to move up and down synchronously with the carrier, and the mechanical friction between the brush disposed on the carrier and the surface of the flat diaphragm is reciprocated.
  • a guide rail is arranged around the frame of the component, a bearing is arranged on the bearing bracket, a bearing can be moved on the guide rail, a nut is arranged on the beam, and a wire is fixed in the center of the component frame.
  • the rod is provided with a motor at the top of the assembly, and the motor drives the screw to rotate, so that the nut provided on the screw rod drives the bearing bracket to reciprocate up and down.
  • the component frame is respectively provided with an upper position sensor and a lower position sensor.
  • the upper position sensor and the lower position sensor are in contact with the carrier to control the distance of movement of the carrier.
  • the upper position sensor and the lower position sensor are mechanical sensors, electronic sensors or magnetic inductive sensors.
  • the catalytic titanium dioxide separation membrane coated on the surface of the flat membrane is preferably an anatase nanocatalytic titanium dioxide asymmetric separation membrane having a particle size of 10-300 nm.
  • ozone and hydrogen peroxide are added to the medium in the filter backwash apparatus.
  • the brush roller has a closed loop on one end and a bolt on the other end.
  • a directional self-repairing flat ceramic membrane module is provided, which is coated on the surface of the flat membrane with an anatase nano-catalytic titanium dioxide asymmetric separation membrane with a particle size of 10-300 nm, and then the flat membrane is assembled into a water treatment plate.
  • the ceramic membrane module is provided with a rotary brush roller capable of randomly scrubbing the surface of the flat membrane between the flat membranes, and an ultraviolet generating device is installed between the flat membranes;
  • a filter backwash apparatus in a preferred embodiment, includes a variable frequency water pump, a filter valve connected to the clean water tank, an air compressor, a gas backwash valve, and a gas connected to the flat membrane module. Backwash tube.
  • ozone and hydrogen peroxide are added to the medium during backwashing.
  • the recoil medium is clean water or clean compressed air.
  • a portion of the surface of the flat ceramic film is removed by mechanical brushing to expose at least a portion of the surface of the titanium dioxide film.
  • the principle of the device of the invention is to apply a uniform nano-titanium dioxide film and or a doped titanium dioxide film on the surface of the flat membrane and other films which can produce photocatalysis.
  • the ultraviolet generating device generates ultraviolet rays and excites titanium dioxide to perform photocatalysis, thereby generating hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxide ions, etc. around the surface of the flat membrane; and directional decomposition and removal of organic substances and bacteria contaminated on the surface of the diaphragm, and then
  • the surface of the flat membrane is brushed by a mechanical friction of the brush roller on the surface of the flat diaphragm by a frame provided on the assembly.
  • the titanium dioxide film is composed of uniform nanoparticles.
  • the particle size can be adjusted between 10-300 nm particles, and there are a large number of micropores.
  • the pore size is nanometer and can be adjusted. Therefore, the film material is porous.
  • the structure is coated on the flat ceramic membrane carrier to form an asymmetric structure of the titanium dioxide film layer, and the high strength is very suitable for mechanical friction cleaning on the surface by the brush roller; since the reverse cleaning is to use clean water or clean compressed air,
  • ozone is added to the medium to decompose organic matter and bacteria from the inside, and the ozone overflowing the surface of the membrane can generate hydroxyl radicals under the action of ultraviolet rays, etc., further improving the utilization of ozone and the surface of the membrane pores. Degradation of organic refractory materials to completely remove internal membrane fouling caused by bacteria and organic matter.
  • the semiconductor microparticles when ultraviolet light is irradiated onto the titanium dioxide crystal, the semiconductor microparticles absorb light, generating electron-hole pairs, and the photogenerated electrons and holes are effective under the electric field of the space charge layer between the semiconductor and the solution interface. Separating and migrating to different positions on the surface of the TiO 2 particles, the photogenerated holes take electrons adsorbed in the organic substance or solvent on the surface of the semiconductor film, activate the substance that does not absorb the incident light, and the electron acceptor passes through the titanium dioxide. The electrons on the surface of the microparticles are reduced, and the photocatalytic redox reaction in the aqueous solution is carried out on the surface of the titanium dioxide microparticles.
  • the moisture adsorbed on the surface of the titanium dioxide microparticles is oxidized by the photogenerated holes to form an oxidizing power and a highly reactive hydroxyl radical.
  • photogenerated electrons reduce dissolved oxygen in water, and generate hydrogen peroxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide through reaction.
  • Hydrogen peroxide generates hydrogen radicals.
  • Hydroxyl radicals are the most active oxidants in water and have the strongest reactivity.
  • Non-selective, acting on cells as a function of its DNA replication and cell membrane metabolism H 2 O 2 also has a strong bactericidal effect. In combination with the above, the bactericidal effect produced is non-toxic, killing and degrading, and can continue to exert effects.
  • the invention relates to the directional self-repairing flat ceramic membrane module capable of directional cleaning of the flat membrane in the water treatment filtration without the need of frequent air and water and drug backwashing to ensure the filtering effect of the flat membrane.
  • the water treatment device prevents the organic matter and the inorganic matter from being adsorbed on the surface of the flat ceramic membrane, or the bacteria will be implanted on the surface of the ceramic membrane and firmly adhere to the surface of the membrane to form a coating layer, which causes the membrane channel to block the flux drop.
  • Problems such as the use of a nanocatalytic titanium dioxide asymmetric separation membrane on a flat ceramic membrane and the installation of an ultraviolet lamp between the membranes. When excited by ultraviolet light, the nano titanium dioxide absorbs sufficiently high light energy and will produce Electron-hole pairs.
  • oxygen and water molecules combine with photogenerated electrons or holes to produce superoxide ion radicals ( ⁇ O 2 - ) and hydroxyl radicals ( ⁇ OH) that are extremely chemically active. , and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and the like.
  • ⁇ O 2 - superoxide ion radicals
  • ⁇ OH hydroxyl radicals
  • H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
  • the strong oxidizing ability is used to degrade the organic matter in the sewage, and the bacteria and the bacteria and gel layers on the surface of the membrane are destroyed and decomposed to destroy various organic substances to CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the inorganic small molecule cooperates with the surface mechanical brush to rub the cleaning residue and other auxiliary devices on the surface of the diaphragm to achieve thorough cleaning of the diaphragm.
  • the invention can effectively maintain a high membrane flux after removing pollutants, does not need to frequently backwash the flat membrane in a certain period, and prolongs the working time to improve the total filtration efficiency of the equipment.
  • Ozone and H 2 O 2 are added to the medium during backwashing, which facilitates the decomposition of organic matter and bacteria in the pores of the membrane from the inside and the H 2 O 2 , and overflows the ozone and H 2 O 2 on the surface of the membrane.
  • Hydroxyl radicals can also be generated under the action of ultraviolet rays to further improve the utilization of ozone to completely remove the internal pollution of the membrane caused by bacteria and organic matter.
  • the invention solves the big problem of industrial large-scale reactor design in which the nano-titanium dioxide film and the ultraviolet light and other oxidants are coupled and coordinated, and there is no application case.
  • the invention solves the problem that the ultraviolet lamp is installed in the mold assembly and can be freely automatic, and the large-scale industrial design of the photocatalytic oxidation degradation membrane reactor, and solves the problem that the flat membrane module is easy to be fouled and cleaned during operation, and the cleaning efficiency is improved.
  • Low-level problems, thorough removal of the inside and surface of the membrane effectively improve the reliability of the flat membrane bioreactor, improve the effluent flux, greatly reduce the number of backwashing, save backwashing time, and increase working time. Greatly improve work efficiency.
  • the invention has the following characteristics:
  • the invention adopts the synergistic effect of photocatalysis to generate stable and strong oxidized hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxide ion and ozone, and can directly kill and decompose microbial bacteria and organic substances on the surface of the membrane, from the source.
  • the fouling on the surface of the diaphragm is prevented, and the cleaning is assisted by the auxiliary brush, which can effectively reduce the membrane contamination and greatly reduce the number and frequency of backwashing.
  • the transmission device and the power device of the invention do not need to be placed in water, and need not use corrosion-resistant materials and waterproof treatment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the left side view of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the A-A of Figure 2
  • Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
  • lifting mechanism 2, turbine screw, 3, gear converter, 4, turbine reducer, 5, motor, 6, transmission rod I, 7, transmission rod II, 8, support frame, 9, Brush roller, 10, flat diaphragm, 11, flat membrane module, 12, bracket, 13, upper position sensor, 14, lower position sensor, 15, guide rail, 16, bearing, 17, ultraviolet generating device, 18, drain pipe, 19, air compressor, 20, gas backwash valve, 21, filter valve, 22, frequency conversion pump, 23, clear water tank, 24, gas backwash pipe.
  • the processing device for the directional self-repairing flat ceramic membrane module comprises a component frame, a flat membrane module 11 and a filter backwashing device, wherein the component frame is for fixing a rigid structure of a flat membrane module and an aeration mechanism, the flat membrane module comprising spaced apart flat membranes 10 (including flat membranes such as organic and inorganic ceramics), and upper and lower plugs integrated with the flat membrane
  • the plug is provided with a support frame 8 on the upper part of the frame, the support frame is mounted on the flat membrane module 11, and the support frame is provided with a lifting mechanism 1 respectively, and the lifting mechanism is respectively provided with a turbine screw 2, and the lifting mechanism rotates
  • a gear converter 3 is disposed between the two gear converters, and a motor 5 and a turbine reducer 4 are disposed between the two gear converters.
  • the flat plate assembly 11 is provided with brackets 12 on both sides thereof.
  • the screw bottom flange head and the bracket 12 are fixedly connected.
  • Action transmission: The motor 5 distributes the torque power conversion angle through the turbine reducer 4 to the gear converter 3.
  • the gear converter is connected to the turbine screw through the transmission rod II7, and is connected to the turbine reducer through the transmission rod I6, and is distributed to On the lifting mechanism 1, finally, the turbine screw 2 is driven to move the four turbine screws up and down synchronously to drive the carrier to move up and down.
  • an upper position sensor 13 and a lower position sensor 14 are disposed on the assembly frame, and the upper position sensor and the lower position sensor are in contact with the carrier to control the distance of movement of the carrier.
  • a brush roller 9 is disposed between each of the flat membrane sheets 10, and an ultraviolet generating device 17 is disposed above the brush roller, and the two ends of the brush roller are fixed on the carrier bracket 12, and the brush size is larger than Concealed flat diaphragm slit size, the upper and lower movements of the carrier 12 drive the brush to fix the flat diaphragm 10, and fix one end of the turbine screw; the outer dimension of the ultraviolet tube is smaller than the slit size of the diaphragm, and the flat membrane module is vertically placed , with the screw nut up and down to decompose and kill organic matter and bacteria and scrub the flat membrane; when the flat membrane module is placed horizontally horizontally, the flat membrane is brushed with the screw nut left and right; the shape of the brush bracket profile It can be made of metal materials such as angle steel, square steel, channel steel, aluminum profiles or other hard materials.
  • the brushing frequency can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the brush is made of various organic materials such as nylon, hard hair such as stainless steel wire or abrasive wire, or soft hair such as bristle or wool.
  • the center of the brush roller is formed by winding 2-3 stainless steel wires. The above brush roller is fixed with a soft material so that the two ends of the brush can be fixed.
  • the device can also be made of a hard rod of a central rod, such as a rod or strip of metal or hard plastic, such that the hard brush can be fixed only on one side.
  • the upper position sensor and the lower position sensor are mechanical, electronic or magnetic induction type or the like.
  • the ultraviolet lamp tube shape may be various shapes such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, and a flat shape.
  • the outer cover is made of a transparent carrier having a high transmittance such as quartz glass, and the metal protective cover may be appropriately added to increase the strength and avoid Damage to the glass.
  • the ultraviolet lamp is installed in parallel at the intermediate position of the diaphragm and installed inside the brush.
  • the ultraviolet lamp adopts a direct current or an alternating current power source, and the joint is waterproof.
  • An elongated brush roller 9 made of soft or bristles is disposed on the carrier, and a mechanical reciprocating motion is performed on the surface of the regular flat diaphragm 10 by means of a brush to scrub the surface of the flat diaphragm.
  • a guide rail 15 is disposed around the frame of the component, and a bearing 16 is disposed on the bearing bracket 12. The bearing is movable on the guide rail.
  • the nut is disposed on the beam, and a screw is fixedly disposed at the center of the component frame.
  • the top of the component is provided with a motor, and the motor drives the screw to rotate, so that the nut disposed on the screw rod drives the bearing bracket to reciprocate up and down, and the two sides of the flat diaphragm are cleaned in real time.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the brush roller has a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a waist shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, and the like, and the center of the brush is 2-3 stainless steel wires wound.
  • the water treatment of the directional self-repairing flat ceramic membrane module of the present invention is divided into a system filtration and an online backwashing stage.
  • the water discharged in the filtration stage enters the clean water tank 23 through the drain pipe 18 connected to the flat membrane module, and is backwashed online.
  • the frequency conversion water pump 22 passes the water in the clean water tank through the filter valve 21, the air compressor 19, the gas backwash valve 20, and
  • the gas backwashing tube 24 connected to the flat membrane module is backwashed, and the nano TiO 2 film or the doped titanium dioxide film on the surface of the diaphragm and the film capable of generating photocatalysis, the ultraviolet ray generating photocatalytic effect on the titanium dioxide in the ultraviolet generating device, Hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxide ions are generated around the surface of the membrane; hybrid titanium dioxide membranes and other membranes that produce photocatalysis can further enhance the photocatalytic action and angle. Decomposes surrounding organic matter and kills membrane deposits such as bacteria.
  • the movement friction between the surface of the brush and the flat diaphragm is used to remove the pollutants such as bacteria adsorbed on the surface of the membrane, and timely removal of the pollutants can effectively prevent the pollutants formed on the surface of the flat membrane, and the sterilizing substances are generated at this stage. It can effectively avoid organic and organic pollution on the surface of the membrane; online backwashing stage: reverse cleaning is the use of clean water or clean compressed air to add ozone, which facilitates the reverse decomposition of organic matter and bacteria from the inside of the ozone, and the ozone on the surface of the membrane is in the ultraviolet The action of hydroxyl radicals can further increase the utilization of ozone to completely remove the internal pollution caused by bacteria and organic matter.
  • the size of the brush is larger than the gap size of the concealed flat diaphragm.
  • the upper and lower movements of the carrier 12 drive the brush roller to scrub the flat diaphragm 10 and are fixed at one end of the turbine screw.
  • the flat membrane module When the flat membrane module is placed vertically, the flat membrane is brushed up and down together with the screw nut; when the flat membrane assembly is horizontally placed, the flat membrane is brushed with the screw nut to move left and right;
  • the shape of the support profile can be angle steel Metal materials such as square steel, channel steel, aluminum profiles or other hard materials, the brushing efficiency is 30-90% higher than the traditional compressed air or clear water recoil, the effect is more obvious, the flux lasts longer after cleaning, the water The flux has increased by 10%-100%.
  • the brush roller is made of various organic materials such as nylon, hard hair such as stainless steel wire or abrasive wire, or soft hair such as bristle or wool.
  • the brush roller is formed by winding 2-3 stainless steel wires.
  • the brush roller has a closed loop at one end, and only needs to be inserted into the closed loop ring when the center connecting wire is connected with the cleaning brush holder; the other end is provided with a bolt, and only needs to be fixed by a mounting nut when fixing the bracket, and the brush can be adjusted The tightness ensures that the tension of the brush is tight.
  • the brush roller is fixed on the square bracket and is sequentially installed corresponding to the center position of the flat diaphragm; the center brush of the brush roller is fixed with a soft material to fix the brush roller, so that the two ends of the brush roller can be fixed.
  • the device can also be made of a hard rod of a central rod, such as a rod or strip of metal or hard plastic, such that the hard brush can be fixed only on one side.
  • the upper position sensor and the lower position sensor are mechanical, electronic or magnetic induction type or the like.
  • a guide rail 15 is disposed around the frame of the component, and a bearing 16 is disposed on the bearing bracket 12.
  • the bearing is movable on the guide rail.
  • the nut is disposed on the beam, and a screw is fixedly disposed at the center of the component frame.
  • the top of the component is provided with a motor, and the motor drives the screw to rotate, so that the nut disposed on the screw rod drives the bearing bracket to reciprocate up and down, and the two sides of the flat diaphragm are cleaned in real time.
  • the ultraviolet lamp or other ultraviolet generator generates ultraviolet rays, and photocatalyticly oxidizes titanium dioxide on the surface of the diaphragm to generate highly oxidized hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and refractory organic substances on the surface of the hydroxide for directional and efficient decomposition.
  • the semiconductor fine particles When ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the titanium dioxide crystal, the semiconductor fine particles absorb light, generating electron-hole pairs, and the photogenerated electrons and holes are effectively separated and migrated to the TiO 2 particles under the electric field of the space charge layer between the semiconductor and the solution interface.
  • the photogenerated holes have a strong electron-capturing ability to capture electrons in organic substances or solvents adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor film, so that substances that do not absorb incident light are activated and oxidized, while electron acceptors can
  • the photocatalytic redox reaction in the aqueous solution is carried out on the surface of the titanium dioxide fine particles by the electrons on the surface of the titanium dioxide fine particles, and the moisture adsorbed on the surface of the titanium dioxide fine particles is oxidized by the photogenerated holes to form an oxidizing power and a highly reactive hydrogen hydroxide. Free radicals; in addition, photogenerated electrons reduce dissolved oxygen in water, and generate hydrogen peroxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide by reaction, and hydrogen peroxide generates hydrogen radicals.
  • Hydroxyl radical is the most active oxidant in water and has no selectivity to the substrate. Its effect on cells is harmful to its DNA replication and cell membrane metabolism. H 2 O 2 is also very strong. The bactericidal effect. In summary, the bactericidal effect produced is non-toxic and killing, and can continue to exert effects.
  • the distance between the UV lamp and the flat membrane should not exceed 4 cm, otherwise the effect of the organic matter on the surface of the membrane should be rapidly reduced.
  • ozone is added to the backwashed clean water or clean compressed air to facilitate the decomposition of organic matter and bacteria from the inside of the ozone, and the ozone on the surface of the membrane can generate hydroxyl radicals under the action of ultraviolet rays to further increase ozone.
  • the mechanical brush can forcibly brush out most of the medium
  • the organic and inorganic substances on the surface of the flat ceramic membrane expose the surface of the titanium dioxide film, thereby causing the titanium dioxide film to interact with ultraviolet light, thereby generating hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxide ions, etc., and rapidly decomposing organic pollutants to achieve orientation.
  • the function of cleaning the surface of the repair film is not limited to, but rather to, but rather to, and inorganic substances on the surface of the flat ceramic membrane.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
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Abstract

一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置及方法，在平板膜片（10）表面上设置有纳米催化型二氧化钛非对称分离膜，然后将平板膜片（10）组装成平板膜组件（11），在平板膜组件（11）中的平板膜片（10）之间设置有能随机对平板膜片（10）上下擦洗的旋转毛刷，平板膜片（10）之间设置有紫外线发生装置（17），并在反冲洗时的介质中加入臭氧和双氧水。本发明装置能定向对膜表面微生物细菌及有机物进行杀灭分解和快速降解，能有效减少膜污染，大大降低的反洗次数和频率。

Description

一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法及处理装置
本申请请求 2017年 12月 15日申请的申请号为 201711344116.7(发明名称： 一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法及处理装置)的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理成套设备，具体涉及定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件及其水处理方法。
背景技术
陶瓷平板膜生物反应器作为一种新型高效污水处理技术，已成为生活污水、含油废水、工业废水和极端环境废水(屠宰和养殖废水等)处理中不可或缺的处理技术。
众所周知，废水中的有机物是引起水体富营养化和环境污染的重要物质，造成水中藻类及其他微生物大量繁殖，使水中溶解氧下降，鱼类大量死亡，生态系崩溃，每年我国海域发生赤潮高达几十次，有机物是污染的重要原因之一；平板陶瓷膜已成为污水处理装置核心部件，实际运用中取得了良好效果。
但系统过滤运行中因为有机物和无机物吸附在膜片表面，特别是养殖废水中含磷氮高，细菌及微生物及其容易繁殖生长，且代谢物容易与金属离子相互作用在膜表面形成一层凝胶层，或细菌会在陶瓷膜表面着床并牢固粘附在膜表面上形成覆膜层，导致膜片通道堵塞通量下降甚至导致系统崩溃。过滤10～30分钟就需要进行反洗1～3分钟，且反洗水量和压力都要加大到2倍，造成设备工作效率只有60％～70％左右，设备运行费用提高，投资成本增加；并且时间长了细菌容易繁殖，进一步造成污堵，需要用药洗，进一步减少了过滤时间并降低了总过滤效率，同时成本大幅增加，污泥量大幅增长。且所有酸碱盐类和氧化剂及酶洗 涤剂类均会生成其它盐类物质，部分与细菌胶体基团在膜表面形成凝胶团并带入金属离子，造成二次堆积污染，并会改变pH值，衍生出另外的环境污染问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中平板陶瓷膜组件在应用过程中容易污堵且频繁清洗，并造成系统运行效率低下，运行费用高的问题，市场上出现了机械刷洗膜片的装置，但它只能清除无机颗粒物质，对有机物产生的软体胶体物质无法清除，另外也有使用纳米二氧化钛投入膜池并加入紫外线产生羟基自由基的试验，但因为纳米二氧化钛颗粒非常细小，容易造成膜孔堵塞并容易流失。纳米二氧化钛膜和紫外光及其他氧化剂联动耦合协同的工业大型反应器设计一直是一个大难题，且没有应用案例。
本发明提供了一种能在水处理过滤中随机对平板陶瓷膜片表面进行定向清洗，不需进行频繁的用空气与水及药反冲洗，就可确保平板陶瓷膜片过滤效果的定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法及装置。
本发明提供的一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，所述平板膜组件包括间隔设置的平板膜片，所述平板膜片上设置有能对膜片表面进行清洗的毛刷辊，所述平板膜片表面上设置有催化二氧化钛分离膜，所述毛刷辊上方设有紫外线发生装置。
在一种优选实施例中，所述定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，包括组件框体，优选地，所述组件框体为用于固定平板膜片组件和曝气机构的刚性构体。
在一种优选实施例中，所述平板膜组件还包括与平板膜片形成一体的上堵头与下堵头。
在一种优选实施例中，所述定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，包括过滤反洗装置，其中，所述过滤反洗装置包括变频水泵、与清水池相连的过滤阀、空压机、气反冲洗阀和与平板膜组件相连的气反冲洗管。
在一种优选实施例中，所述毛刷辊两端设置在承托架上，所述承托架可在组件框体上的平板膜片间作升降运动。
在一种优选实施例中，所述紫外线发生装置为紫外线灯管。
更优选地，所述紫外线灯采用并联形式安装在膜片中间位置，并安装在毛刷内侧。
在一种优选实施例中，所述紫外线灯管外形为圆形、椭圆形、方形、长方形、扁平形中的一种或更多种。
在一种优选实施例中，紫外线灯管和平板膜片之间的距离不超过4厘米。
在一种优选实施例中，组件框体上部设置支撑架，所述支撑架安装在平板膜组件上方，所述支撑架上设有升降机构。
更优选地，升降机构分别配有涡轮丝杆，所述升降机构转动带动涡轮丝杆上下运中间设有齿轮转换器，所述两台齿轮转换器之间设有电机和涡轮减速器。
更优选地，所述涡轮丝杆底部法兰头和承托架固定连接。
优选地，所述承托架在组件框体上升降运动方式可以是齿轮传动、链条传动、气缸传动、液压传动和螺杆传动等，其中优选螺杆传动。
更优选地，电机通过涡轮减速器将扭矩动力转换角度后分配到齿轮转换器上，齿轮转换器通过传动杆Ⅱ与涡轮丝杆相连，通过传动杆Ⅰ与涡轮减速器相连。
更优选地，所述承托架四个角上固定设置有升降机构，升降机构上段与固定在组件框体中的支撑架上的螺母相啮合，支撑架的电机通过涡轮减速器带动齿轮转向器将扭矩力传给升降机，带动由四条涡轮丝杆组成的平台与承托架同步上下运动，通过设置在承托架上的毛刷与平板膜片表面作往复的机械摩擦。
更优选实施例中，所述组件框体四周设有导轨，在承托架上设有轴承，轴承可在导轨上运动，横梁上设置有螺母，所述组件框体中心固定设有1条丝杆，在组件顶部设有电机，电机带动丝杆进行旋转，使设在丝杆上的螺母带动承托架上下往复运动。
更优选实施例中，所述组件框体上分别设置有上位置感应器和下位置感应器。优选地，上位置感应器和下位置感应器与承托架接触可控制承托架移动距离。
更优选地，所述上位置感应器和下位置感应器为机械式感应器、电子式感应器或磁感应式感应器。
在一种优选实施例中，在平板膜片表面上涂覆的催化二氧化钛分离膜，优选为颗粒大小为10-300nm的锐钛矿纳米催化型二氧化钛非对称分离膜。
在一种优选实施例中，所述过滤反洗装置中的介质中加入臭氧和双氧水。
在一种优选实施例中，所述毛刷辊一头带闭环圈，另一头带螺栓。
本发明提供的所述定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法包括：
提供一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件，先在平板膜片表面上涂覆有颗粒大小为10-300nm的锐钛矿纳米催化型二氧化钛非对称分离膜，然后将平板膜片组装成水处理平板陶瓷膜组件，在平板膜片之间设置有能随机对平板膜片表面进行擦洗的旋转毛刷辊，在平板膜片之间安装有紫外线发生装置；
在紫外光照射下，废水从平板膜片之间流过，进行污水处理。
在一种优选实施例中，提供过滤反洗装置，其中，所述过滤反洗装置包括变频水泵、与清水池相连的过滤阀、空压机、气反冲洗阀和与平板膜组件相连的气反冲洗管。
在一种更优选实施例中，反冲洗时的介质中加入臭氧和双氧水。
在一种优选实施例中，所述反冲介质为清水或洁净压缩空气。
在一种优选实施例中，当污染物在纳米二氧化钛膜表面形成膜遮挡紫外光的入射时，用机械刷刷除至少部分在平板陶瓷膜表面的污染物，露出至少部分二氧化钛膜表面。
本发明装置原理：在平板膜片表面涂覆均匀的纳米二氧化钛膜和或掺杂的二氧化钛膜及其它可产生光催化作用的膜。紫外线发生装置产生紫外线并激发二氧化钛进行光催化作用，使平板膜片表层周围产生羟基自由基、过氧化氢、氢氧根离子等；对膜片表面污堵的有机物和细菌进行定向分解清除，再通过设置在组件上的框架带动毛刷辊在平板膜片表面作往复的机械摩擦，对平板膜片表面刷洗。二氧化钛膜由均匀一致的纳米颗粒构成，其颗粒大小可在10-300nm颗粒之间调整，且存在大量的微孔，其孔径大小为纳米级，也可进行调整.因此这种膜材料呈多孔性结构，将其涂附在平板陶瓷膜载体上，形成非对称结构的二氧化钛膜层，其强度高非常适合用毛刷辊在表面进行机械摩擦清洗；由于反向清洗是使用清水或洁净压缩空气，便于系统进行反洗时在介质中添加臭氧从内部反向进行分解有机物和细菌体，并溢出膜表面的臭氧在紫外线的作用下能产生羟基自由基等进一步提高臭氧的利用率和对膜孔表面有机难降解物的降解，以彻底清除由细菌体和有机物造成的膜内部污染。
在一种优选实施例中，当紫外线照射到二氧化钛晶体时，半导体微粒吸收光， 产生电子-空穴对，在半导体与溶液界面之间的空间电荷层的电场作用下，光生电子和空穴有效地分离并迁移到TiO 2微粒表面的不同位置，光生空穴夺取吸附于半导体膜表面的有机物或溶剂中的电子，使原本不吸收入射光的物质活化而被氧化，而电子受体则通过二氧化钛微粒表面的电子而被还原，水溶液中的光催化氧化还原反应就在二氧化钛微粒表面进行，吸附于二氧化钛微粒表面的水分被光生空穴氧化后，生成氧化能力和反应活性极强的氢氧自由基；另外光生电子还原水中的溶解氧，通过反应生成氧化氢自由基和过氧化氢，过氧化氢生成氢氧自由基、氢氧自由基是水中存在的氧化剂总反应活性最强的而且对作用物无选择性，对细胞的作用表现为对其DNA复制和细胞膜的代谢带来有害的影响，H 2O 2也有很强的杀菌作用，综合上述，产生的杀菌效果是无毒性和杀灭及降解作用,并能够持续发挥效果。
本发明所述能在水处理过滤中随机对平板膜片进行定向清洗，不需进行频繁的用空气与水及药反冲洗，就可确保平板膜片的过滤效果的定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，为防止有机物和无机物吸附在平板陶瓷膜片表面，或细菌会在陶瓷膜表面着床并牢固粘附在膜表面上形成覆膜层，导致膜片通道堵塞通量下降的问题，如在平板陶瓷膜上使用纳米催化型二氧化钛非对称分离膜，并在膜片之间安装紫外光灯管，当在紫外光的激发下，纳米二氧化钛吸收足够高的光能后，将产生电子空穴对，在有水和氧的介质中，氧和水分子与光生电子或空穴结合产生化学性质极为活跃的超氧离子自由基(·O 2 -)和羟基自由基(·OH)，和双氧水(H 2O 2)等。这样利用其强氧化能力对污水中的有机物降解并对膜片周围产生的细菌及膜表面细菌和凝胶层等难分解物质进行杀灭分解进而将各种有机物氧化为CO 2和H 2O等无机小分子，协同表面机械刷在膜片表面进行摩擦清洁残渣和及其他污堵的辅助装置达到彻底清洁膜片的效果。
本发明清除污染物后能有效保持较高膜通量，在一定周期内不需要频繁对平板膜片进行水反洗，延长了工作时间提高了设备总过滤效率。并在反洗时在介质中加入臭氧和H 2O 2，便于臭氧和H 2O 2从内部反向对膜孔内进行分解有机物和细菌体，并且溢出膜表面的臭氧和H 2O 2，在紫外线的作用下也能产生羟基自由基进一步提高臭氧的利用率，以彻底清除由细菌体和有机物造成的膜内部污染。
本发明解决了纳米二氧化钛膜和紫外光线及其他氧化剂联动耦合协同的工 业大型反应器设计大难题，且没有应用案例。
本发明解决了模组件内架设紫外灯且可作自由自动的难题，及光催化氧化降解膜反应器大型工业化设计的难题，同时解决了平板膜组件运行中容易污堵并清洗困难、清洗效率低等问题，对膜内部和表面进行彻底清除，有效提高了平板膜生物反应器可靠性使用效率，提高了出水通量，大大减少了反冲洗次数，节省反冲洗的时间，增加了工作时间，大大提高工作效率。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下特点：
1、本发明采用光催化产生稳定的强氧化的羟基自由基、过氧化氢、氢氧根离子、臭氧的协同效应，能定向对膜表面微生物细菌及有机物进行杀灭分解和快速降解，从源头上防止了膜片表面的污堵，并用辅助刷辅助进行清洁，能有效减少膜污染，大大降低的反洗次数和频率。大大提高设备的有效工作时间并大幅增加的单位时间的水通量，水通量在同等条件下增加30％以上。
2、可随机及时定向分解膜表面有机物、油污、细菌等污染物，保持膜面整洁干净，提高过滤效果和过滤效率。
3、不需频繁停机进行反冲洗，减少了反冲洗次数，增加了工作时间和提高工作效率。
4、在反向清洗用介质清水或压缩空气中添加臭氧较稳定，容易实现工业化，可辅助增强二氧化钛膜层内部污堵物质分解，并且溢出膜表面的臭氧在紫外线的作用下能产生羟基自由基进一步提高臭氧的利用率。更重要的是臭氧溢出膜表面时，由于压力释放，臭氧气体在膜表面迅速膨大，炸开同时在臭氧及羟基自由基等的协同作用下，膜片表面和膜孔靠膜面部分有机物被迅速分解。
5、解决了平板膜组件运行中清洗困难、清洗效率低等问题，有效提高了平板膜生物反器的使用寿命和可靠性,提高了出水通量。
6、本发明传动装置和动力装置不需要置于水中，不需要采用耐腐蚀材料及防水处理。
附图说明
图1是本发明的主视结构示意图，
图2是本发明左视图结构示意图，
图3是图2的A-A局部剖视结构示意图，
图4是本发明的立体结构示意图。
在图中，1、升降机构，2、涡轮丝杆，3、齿轮转换器，4、涡轮减速器，5、电机，6、传动杆Ⅰ，7、传动杆Ⅱ，8、支撑架，9、毛刷辊，10、平板膜片，11、平板膜组件，12、承托架，13、上位置感应器，14、下位置感应器，15、导轨，16、轴承，17、紫外线发生装置，18、排水管，19、空压机，20、气反冲洗阀，21、过滤阀，22、变频水泵，23、清水池，24、气反冲洗管。
具体实施方式
在图1、图2、图3和图4中，所述定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的处理装置包括组件框体、平板膜组件11和过滤反洗装置，所述组件框体为用于固定平板膜组件和曝气机构的刚性构体，所述平板膜组件包括间隔设置的平板膜片10(包括有机和无机的陶瓷等平板膜片)、与平板膜片形成一体的上堵头与下堵头，组件框体上部设置支撑架8，所述支撑架安装在平板膜组件11上方，所述支撑架上设有升降机构1，升降机构分别配有涡轮丝杆2，所述升降机构转动带动涡轮丝杆2上下运中间设有齿轮转换器3，所述两台齿轮转换器之间设有电机5和涡轮减速器4，平板膜组件11两侧设有承托架12，所述涡轮丝杆底部法兰头和承托架12固定连接。动作传动：电机5通过涡轮减速器4将扭矩动力转换角度后分配到齿轮转换器3上，齿轮转换器通过传动杆Ⅱ7与涡轮丝杆相连，通过传动杆Ⅰ6与涡轮减速器相连，在分配到升降机构1上，最后使涡轮丝杆2上，使四条涡轮丝杆同步上下运动，带动承托架上下运动。视平板膜片的高度在组件框体上设置有上位置感应器13和下位置感应器14，上位置感应器和下位置感应器与承托架接触可控制承托架移动距离。所述每块平板膜片10之间均设有毛刷辊9，毛刷辊上方设有紫外线发生装置17，所述毛刷辊两端固定在承托架12上，所述毛刷尺寸大于隐蔽平板膜片缝隙尺寸，承托架12上下运动带动毛刷对平板膜片10进行固定，并固定涡轮丝杆一端；所述紫外线灯管外尺寸小于膜片缝隙尺寸，平板膜组件垂直放置时，随丝杆螺母一起上下运动分解和杀灭有机物和细菌并刷洗平板膜片；平板膜组件水平卧式放置时，随丝杆螺母一起左右运动刷洗平板膜片；所述毛刷支架型材切面形状可以是角钢、方钢、槽钢、铝型材等金属材料或 其它硬质材料组成。其分解有机物和杀菌及刷洗效率比传统压缩空气或清水反冲高30-90％，效果更明显，清洗后通量持续时间更长久，出水通量提高了50％-100％。并不需要停止工作就可进行清洗，增加了有效工作时间。刷洗频率可根据实际进行调整。所述毛刷采用材料有尼龙等各种有机材料、不锈钢丝、磨料丝等硬质毛或猪鬃、羊毛等软毛。所述毛刷辊中心为2-3条不锈钢金属丝缠绕而成。以上毛刷辊采用软性材料固定毛刷，这样可以固定毛刷两头。本装置也可采用中心杆为硬材料的，比如金属和硬质塑料等做成的棒或条的形状，这样的硬刷可以只固定单侧。所述上位置感应器和下位置感应器为机械式、电子式或磁感应式等。所述紫外线灯管形可以是圆形、椭圆形、方形、长方形、扁平形等各种形状，外罩采用石英玻璃等透过率高的透明载体，并可适当增加金属保护罩以增加强度，避免玻璃破损情况。所述紫外线灯采用并联形式安装在膜片中间位置，并安装在毛刷内侧。所述紫外线灯采用直流或交流电源，接头采用防水设计。
承托架上间隔设置有用软毛或硬毛制成的长条形的毛刷辊9，利用毛刷在规则的平板膜片10表面上进行机械往复运动，对平板膜片表面进行刷洗。所述组件框体四周设有导轨15，在承托架12上设有轴承16，轴承可在导轨上运动，横梁上设置有螺母，所述组件框体中心固定设有1条丝杆，在组件顶部设有电机，电机带动丝杆进行旋转，使设在丝杆上的螺母带动承托架上下往复运动，对平板膜片两侧面进行实时清洗。及时去除了平板膜片表面污染物质。所述毛刷辊截面形状有圆形、椭圆形、腰型、方形、长方形等，所述毛刷中心为2-3条不锈钢金属丝缠绕而成。
本发明所述能定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件水处理分为系统过滤和在线反洗阶段。过滤阶段排出的水经与平板膜组件相连的排水管18进入清水池23中，在线反冲洗，变频水泵22将清水池中的水经过滤阀21、空压机19、气反冲洗阀20和与平板膜组件相连的气反冲洗管24进行反冲洗，膜片表面的纳米TiO 2膜或掺杂二氧化钛膜及可产生光催化作用的膜，在紫外线发生装置产生紫外线对二氧化钛进行光催化作用，使膜片表层周围产生羟基自由基、过氧化氢、氢氧根离子；杂化二氧化钛膜和其他可产生光催化作用的膜能进一步提高光催化的作用和角度。对周围的有机物进行分解并杀灭细菌体等膜片附着物。再利用毛刷和平板膜片表面的运动摩擦清除吸附在膜表面的细菌体等污染物，及时清除污染物能 有效防止污染物在平板膜表面形成的污染物，本阶段时时在产生杀菌物质，能有效避免膜表面有机物和有机物污染；在线反洗阶段：反向清洗是使用清水或洁净压缩空气中加入臭氧，便于臭氧从内部反向进行分解有机物和细菌体，并溢出膜表面的臭氧在紫外线的作用下能产生羟基自由基进一步调高臭氧的利用率，以彻底清除由细菌体和有机物造成的膜内部污染。
所述毛刷尺寸大于隐蔽平板膜片缝隙尺寸，承托架12上下运动带动毛刷辊对平板膜片10进行刷洗，并固定在涡轮丝杆一端。平板膜组件垂直放置时，随丝杆螺母一起上下运动刷洗平板膜片；平板膜组件水平卧式放置时，随丝杆螺母一起左右运动刷洗平板膜片；所述支撑架型材切面形状可以是角钢、方钢、槽钢、铝型材等金属材料或其它硬质材料组成，其刷洗效率比传统压缩空气或清水反冲高30-90％，效果更明显，清洗后通量持续时间更长久，出水通量提高了10％-100％。并不需要停止过滤就可进行清洗，增加了有效工作时间。刷洗频率可根据实际进行调整。本装置可完全替代传统的水反冲和气反冲清洗装置。所述毛刷辊采用材料有尼龙等各种有机材料、不锈钢丝、磨料丝等硬质毛或猪鬃、羊毛等软毛。所述毛刷辊用为2-3条不锈钢金属丝缠绕而成。所述毛刷辊一头带闭环圈，与清洗毛刷支架相连时只需在中心连接钢丝穿入闭环圈内就行；另一头带螺栓，与支架固定时只需安装螺母固定，并可调节毛刷松紧度确保毛刷张力绷紧。所述毛刷辊固定在方形支架上对应平板膜片中心位置依次安装；以上毛刷辊中心杆采用软性材料固定毛刷辊，这样可以固定毛刷辊两头。本装置也可采用中心杆为硬材料的，比如金属和硬质塑料等做成的棒或条的形状，这样的硬刷可以只固定单侧。所述上位置感应器和下位置感应器为机械式、电子式或磁感应式等。
所述组件框体四周设有导轨15,在承托架12上设有轴承16，轴承可在导轨上运动，横梁上设置有螺母，所述组件框体中心固定设有1条丝杆，在组件顶部设有电机，电机带动丝杆进行旋转,使设在丝杆上的螺母带动承托架上下往复运动,对平板膜片两侧面进行实时清洗。
所述紫外线灯或其他紫外线发生器产生紫外线，并对膜片表面的二氧化钛进行光催化作用产生强氧化的羟基自由基、过氧化氢、氢氧根表面上的难降解的有机物进行定向高效分解，从而降低COD等指标，达到净化水质的作用；更主要是利用羟基自由基、过氧化氢、氢氧根离子、臭氧的协同强氧化作用对膜表面和 周围的细菌进行定向杀灭和分解，可有效避免或极大减少细菌及微生物代谢物、金属离子相互作用在膜表面形成一层凝胶层或细菌在陶瓷膜表面着床并牢固粘附在膜表面上形成覆膜层，有效防止因为细菌体和有机物在膜片通道堵塞而造成的通量下降问题。能使膜片长久保持较大通量，从而达到膜的自行修复。
当紫外线照射到二氧化钛晶体时，半导体微粒吸收光，产生电子-空穴对，在半导体与溶液界面之间的空间电荷层的电场作用下，光生电子和空穴有效地分离并迁移到TiO 2微粒表面的不同位置，光生空穴有很强的得电子能力，可夺取吸附于半导体膜表面的有机物或溶剂中的电子，使原本不吸收入射光的物质活化而被氧化，而电子受体则可以通过二氧化钛微粒表面的电子而被还原，水溶液中的光催化氧化还原反应就在二氧化钛微粒表面进行，吸附于二氧化钛微粒表面的水分被光生空穴氧化后，生成氧化能力和反应活性极强的氢氧自由基；另外光生电子还原水中的溶解氧,通过反应生成氧化氢自由基和过氧化氢，过氧化氢生成氢氧自由基。氢氧自由基是水中存在的氧化剂总反应活性最强的而且对作用物无选择性，对细胞的作用表现为对其DNA复制和细胞膜的代谢带来有害的影响，H 2O 2也有很强的杀菌作用。综合上述,产生的杀菌效果是无毒性和杀灭作用，并能够持续发挥效果。
紫外线灯管和平板膜之间的距离不能超过4厘米，否则分解膜表面上的有机物的效果急速下降。
在线反洗时在反向清洗的清水或洁净压缩空气中加入臭氧，便于臭氧从内部反向进行分解有机物和细菌体，并且溢出膜表面的臭氧在紫外线的作用下能产生羟基自由基进一步提高臭氧的利用率和分解有机物的能力和效率，以彻底清除由细菌体和有机物造成的膜内部污染。
当污染有机物在纳米二氧化钛膜表面形成一层厚膜时，遮挡了紫外光的入射，进而屏蔽了紫外光，最终破坏了二氧化钛膜和紫外光的相互作用时，机械刷可以强制刷除大部分中等平板陶瓷膜表面的有机物及无机物，露出二氧化钛膜表面，从而使二氧化钛膜和紫外光产生相互作用，进而产生羟基自由基、过氧化氢、氢氧根离子等并迅速分解有机污染物，达到定向清洗修复膜表面的功能。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述平板膜组件包括间隔设置的平板膜片，所述平板膜片上设置有能对膜片表面进行清洗的毛刷辊，所述平板膜片表面上设置有催化二氧化钛分离膜，所述毛刷辊上方设有紫外线发生装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述平板膜组件还包括与平板膜片形成一体的上堵头与下堵头。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，包括过滤反洗装置，其中，所述过滤反洗装置包括变频水泵、与清水池相连的过滤阀、空压机、气反冲洗阀和与平板膜组件相连的气反冲洗管。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理装置，包括组件框体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述毛刷辊两端设置在承托架上，所述承托架可在组件框体上的平板膜片间作升降运动。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，组件框体上部设置支撑架，所述支撑架安装在平板膜组件上方，所述支撑架上设有升降机构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，升降机构分别配有涡轮丝杆，所述升降机构转动带动涡轮丝杆上下运中间设有齿轮转换器，所述两台齿轮转换器之间设有电机和涡轮减速器。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述组件框体四周设有导轨，在承托架上设有轴承，轴承可在导轨上运动，横梁上设置有螺母，所述组件框体中心固定设有1条丝杆，在组件顶部设有电机，电机带动丝杆进行旋转，使设在丝杆上的螺母带动承托架上下往复运动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述承托架四个角上固定设置有升降机构，升降机构上段与固定在组件框体中的支撑架上的螺母相啮合，支撑架的电机通过涡轮减速器带动齿轮转向器将扭矩力传给升降机，带动由四条涡轮丝杆组成的平台与承托架同步上下运动，通过设置在承托架上的毛刷与平板 膜片表面作往复的机械摩擦。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，电机通过涡轮减速器将扭矩动力转换角度后分配到齿轮转换器上，齿轮转换器通过传动杆Ⅱ与涡轮丝杆相连，通过传动杆Ⅰ与涡轮减速器相连。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述组件框体上分别设置有上位置感应器和下位置感应器。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，在平板膜片表面上涂覆的催化二氧化钛分离膜，为颗粒大小为10-300nm的锐钛矿纳米催化型二氧化钛非对称分离膜。
  13. 根据权利要求3所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述过滤反洗装置中的介质中加入臭氧和双氧水。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，所述紫外线灯采用并联形式安装在膜片中间位置，并安装在毛刷内侧。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的水处理装置，其特征在于，紫外线灯管和平板膜片之间的距离不超过4厘米。
  16. 一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件的水处理方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供一种定向自修复平板陶瓷膜组件，先在平板膜片表面上涂覆有颗粒大小为10-300nm的锐钛矿纳米催化型二氧化钛非对称分离膜，然后将平板膜片组装成水处理平板陶瓷膜组件，在平板膜片之间设置有能随机对平板膜片表面进行擦洗的旋转毛刷辊，在平板膜片之间安装有紫外线发生装置；
    在紫外光照射下，废水从平板膜片之间流过，进行污水处理。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的水处理方法，其特征在于，提供过滤反洗装置，其中，所述过滤反洗装置包括变频水泵、与清水池相连的过滤阀、空压机、气反冲洗阀和与平板膜组件相连的气反冲洗管。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的水处理方法，其特征在于，反冲洗时的介质中加入臭氧和双氧水。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的水处理方法，其特征在于，所述反冲介质为清水或洁净压缩空气。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的水处理方法，其特征在于，当污染物在纳米二氧化 钛膜表面形成膜遮挡紫外光的入射时，用机械刷刷除至少部分在平板陶瓷膜表面的污染物，露出至少部分二氧化钛膜表面。
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