WO2019104755A1 - 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019104755A1
WO2019104755A1 PCT/CN2017/115883 CN2017115883W WO2019104755A1 WO 2019104755 A1 WO2019104755 A1 WO 2019104755A1 CN 2017115883 W CN2017115883 W CN 2017115883W WO 2019104755 A1 WO2019104755 A1 WO 2019104755A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil
salt
saline
parts
biological
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/115883
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张宇杰
常婷婷
杨绪
邵孝候
张展羽
张洁
李敏慧
陈立华
张齐兴
Original Assignee
河海大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 河海大学 filed Critical 河海大学
Publication of WO2019104755A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019104755A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer configuration, in particular to a biological improvement agent for shoal saline soil and its preparation method and application, in particular to a biological improvement method for shoal saline soil.
  • Soil salinization is one of the main types of soil degradation.
  • Saline soil is a series of soils that are affected by the saline and alkali components of the soil, including various saline soils and alkaline soils, as well as other soils that are salinized and alkalized to varying degrees.
  • the total area of world saline soil is about 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 hm 2 , accounting for 7.26% of the Earth's land area.
  • a muddy coastal shoal between the high tide level and the low tide level along the beach According to the comprehensive survey data of coastal and tidal resources in China, China's coastline is 1.83 ⁇ 10 4 km long and is rich in resources along the beach. It is mainly concentrated in the plains of the Great River Delta and some harbors on the south China coast, with a total tidal flat of 2.17 ⁇ 10 4 km 2 . And the research shows that the current tidal flat is still growing at a speed of 2-3 ⁇ 10 4 km 2 , which is an important reserve land resource in China. The development of reclamation along the beach has a long history.
  • Coastal saline soil has a series of characteristics different from inland saline soil: not only the surface layer is heavy, but also the salt content of the heart and soil is high; the salt composition is basically the same as that of seawater, and the chloride is dominant; the coastal saline soil is parallel to The coastal zone is distributed in a strip shape. From the sea to the land, the soil salinity and groundwater mineralization gradually decrease. Due to the coastal saline soil, especially the tidal flat of the new cofferdam, the soil has high salt content, salt accumulation, soil nutrient deficiency, seriously affecting land productivity and normal crop growth, combined with artificial blind cultivation, extensive agricultural farming methods and land reclamation. The impact of other activities has caused further damage to the ecosystem, and the soil salinization situation is more serious, which is unfavorable for the sustainable development of the coastal areas along the Yangtze River Delta.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a biological improver for shoal saline soil.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a biological improver for shoal saline soil.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for biological improvement of shoal saline soil.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a biological improvement agent for saline-alkali soil, the biological improver comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of sludge powder, biological 0.25 to 2 parts of carbon powder, 0.1-1 part of rice husk powder, 4 to 15 parts of water, and 0.5 to 1 part of high-resistance microbial liquid.
  • the biological amendment agent further comprises 0.7 to 1.5 parts of the aquaculture wastewater.
  • the above-mentioned sludge powder is taken from the sludge after dredging of rivers and lakes, and is obtained by dehydration, air drying, pulverization and sieve through 1 mm.
  • the above biochar powder is purchased from Jiangsu Huafeng Agricultural Bioengineering Co., Ltd., and the pH is between 7.0 and 9.0, which is obtained by carbonization of straw such as wheat and rice, and is obtained by smashing and passing through a sieve of 1 mm.
  • the aquaculture farm animal manure wastewater effluent diluted to a certain multiple backup After filtration, the diluted effluent NH 3 - N content of between 60 ⁇ 500mg / L.
  • the above-mentioned high salt-tolerant microbial liquid is added to the molasses, water, Ca(OH) 2 solution, and Mg(OH) 2 solution and fermented by the EM engineering bacteria.
  • the high salt-tolerant microbial liquid is added to 2-5 parts of molasses by 0.5-2 parts by weight of EM engineering bacteria (EM engineering bacteria purchased from Nanjing Aile Environmental Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), A fermentation broth obtained by fermenting 70-85 parts of water, 3-5 parts of a 1 g/L Ca(OH) 2 solution, 5-10 parts of a 1 g/L Mg(OH) 2 solution at 25 ° C for about 30 hours.
  • EM engineering bacteria purchased from Nanjing Aile Environmental Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • a fermentation broth obtained by fermenting 70-85 parts of water, 3-5 parts of a 1 g/L Ca(OH) 2 solution, 5-10 parts of a 1 g/L Mg(OH) 2 solution at 25 ° C for about 30 hours.
  • the invention also includes a method for preparing a biological improvement agent for the above-mentioned shoal saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
  • the present invention also includes the use of the above-mentioned biological improvement agent for shoal saline soil in the biological improvement of shoal saline soil.
  • the invention also includes a method for biological improvement of shoal saline soil, comprising the following steps:
  • the first economic crops are planted, and the salt-tolerant plants are harvested at intervals of 80-200 cm.
  • the salt-tolerant plants after harvesting are dried for use, and the unharvested areas of the salt-tolerant plants are labeled A.
  • the area to be prepared for replanting the economic crop is marked as planting area B, and the bio-improving agent is sprayed on the planting area B at a sunny weather of 20 to 30 ° C. On the top, the bio-improving agent is ploughed into the planting area B. After 15-30 days, the soil is removed by hand, and the white hyphae grows to transplant the economic crops, and the harvested salt-tolerant plants are covered in the economic crop root layer.
  • the salt-tolerant plants covered by the planting area B are fully dried, and then the biological amendments are continuously sprayed, and the soil is mixed and replaced after being ploughed into the soil; After the plants are directly ploughed into the soil, they cannot be fully fermented and fermented. After drying, the liquid modifier is sprayed, which is beneficial to the plant to fully ferment and ferment to increase the organic matter content in the soil, and fully improve the soil fertility and structural properties, waiting for the second year of planting. use.
  • the salt-tolerant crops in the area A are all harvested and dried for use, and the second economic crops are prepared for planting.
  • the bio-improving agent is sprayed in the area A to The cultivator is ploughed and mixed into the soil for later use. After 15-30 days, the soil is removed by hand. The white hyphae grows to transplant economic crops, and the salt-tolerant plants after harvesting are covered in the root layer of the economic crop to ensure planting. There is no exposed soil in the area.
  • the salt-tolerant plant is one or more of Sudan grass and medlar.
  • the above economic crops are tomatoes or other cash crops.
  • the sludge itself contains certain nutrients, and the liquid soil conditioner prepared by co-fermenting with agricultural organic waste has high nutrient, can quickly improve soil fertility, and effectively improve the current situation of extremely low fertility of shoal saline-alkali soil.
  • the sludge particles have a small content of small clay particles. After being applied to the soil, it can effectively improve the current situation of high sand content in the saline-alkali soil and poor soil aggregate structure.
  • the rice husk has high carbon content, which can increase the humus of the soil, which is beneficial to the formation of the granule structure.
  • the organic acid produced after decomposition can also neutralize the alkalinity of the soil.
  • the shoal saline-alkali land is the land of the new cofferdam in the coastal area.
  • the soil does not contain any chemical components and is naturally suitable for organic farming.
  • the bio-improvement method of the present invention does not involve chemical fertilizers or other chemical modifiers, and thus does not pollute the soil.
  • the salt-tolerant crops planted are covered around the roots of cash crops after returning to the field, which can reduce the salt return of the cultivated layer and is conducive to the growth of economic crops.
  • Minggou drainage can quickly reduce soil salinity, but can not make saline-alkali land into arable farmland; planting salt-tolerant crops can absorb a large amount of salt in the soil, and returning it to the field can not only improve soil organic matter content but also reduce soil return. Salt; microbial improvers and their application methods have significant beneficial effects on soil fertility, soil structure and microflora improvement.
  • the invention combines the three to efficiently improve the new shoal shoal saline land for agricultural production.
  • the sludge powder used in the present invention is a sludge obtained after dredging from rivers and lakes, and is obtained by dehydration, air drying, pulverization and passing through a sieve of 1 mm in a laboratory; biochar powder is purchased from Jiangsu Huafeng Agriculture Bio-engineering Co., Ltd., obtained after smashing through 1mm sieve; the culture wastewater of aquaculture wastewater is the sewage of livestock and poultry in the farm. After filtration, it is diluted to a certain multiple. The diluted NH3--N is between 60-500mg/L.
  • the high-resistance microbial liquid is added to the 2-fold by weight of the EM engineering bacteria (EM engineering bacteria purchased from Nanjing Aiyile Environmental Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) in the laboratory of Nanjing Vegetable and Flower Science Research Institute. 5 parts of molasses, 70-85 parts of water, 3-5 parts of 1g/L Ca(OH) 2 solution, 5-10 parts of 1g/L Mg(OH) 2 solution, fermentation at 25 ° C for about 30 hours liquid.
  • EM engineering bacteria purchased from Nanjing Aiyile Environmental Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • 5 parts of molasses 70-85 parts of water, 3-5 parts of 1g/L Ca(OH) 2 solution, 5-10 parts of 1g/L Mg(OH) 2 solution, fermentation at 25 ° C for about 30 hours liquid.
  • Preparation of biological improver for shoal saline soil weigh 1.5kg of silt powder, 1kg of biochar powder, 0.6kg of rice hull powder, 0.8kg of high salt-tolerant microbial liquid, 8kg of water, 3kg of aquaculture wastewater, high aquaculture wastewater, high Salt-tolerant microbial broth and water were anaerobic fermentation at 25 °C for 10 days, then added silt powder, rice hull powder, biochar powder, and scalp at 230 r/min Oxygen fermentation for 7 days, followed by aerobic fermentation for 5 days to obtain a bio-modifier.
  • Preparation of high salt-tolerant microbial liquid 1.5 parts by weight of EM engineering bacteria added to 4 parts of molasses, 80 parts of water, 4 parts of 1g/L Ca(OH) 2 solution, 8 parts by weight The 1 g/L Mg(OH) 2 solution was fermented at 25 ° C for about 30 h to obtain a fermentation broth.
  • Preparation of high salt-tolerant microbial liquid 1.5 parts by weight of EM engineering bacteria added to 4 parts of molasses, 80 parts of water, 4 parts of 1g/L Ca(OH) 2 solution, 8 parts by weight The 1 g/L Mg(OH) 2 solution was fermented at 25 ° C for about 30 h to obtain a fermentation broth.
  • the tomato bio-improving agent obtained in Example 1-5 was used to carry out the tomato planting test in the saline-alkali land along the coast of Jiangsu Republic.
  • the first economic crops are planted, and the salt-tolerant plants are harvested at intervals of 80-200 cm.
  • the salt-tolerant plants after harvesting are dried for use, and the unharvested areas of the salt-tolerant plants are labeled A.
  • the area to be prepared for replanting the economic crop is marked as planting area B.
  • the bio-modifier is sprayed on the planting area B, and the bio-improving agent is ploughed into the planting area B, about 15-30 days later.
  • the soil is removed by hand, and the white hyphae grow out to transplant the economic crops, and the salt-tolerant plants after harvesting are covered in the root layer of the economic crops to ensure that the planting area B has no exposed soil surface, and after the economic crops are harvested, After fully drying the salt-tolerant plants covered by the planting area B, continue to spray the biological improver, plow the soil into the soil, and mix and set aside;
  • the salt-tolerant crops in the area A are all harvested and dried for use, and the second economic crops are prepared for planting.
  • the bio-improving agent is sprayed in the area A to The cultivator is ploughed and mixed into the soil for later use. After about 15-30 days, the soil is removed by hand. The white hyphae grows to transplant the economic crops, and the salt-tolerant plants after harvesting are covered in the root layer of the economic crop to ensure There is no exposed soil in the planting area.
  • the planting test was carried out in six groups of experiments, including the comparative example and five sets of experimental examples.
  • the comparative example was to plant tomato directly on the soil of saline-alkali soil in Dongtai New Beach, Jiangsu province.
  • the other five experimental examples were respectively used in Example 1
  • the bio-improving agent of ⁇ 5 was improved and planted on the soil of saline-alkali soil in Xintai Beach, Dongtai, Jiangsu province.
  • the comparative example was the soil of saline-alkali soil in Xintai Beach, Dongtai, Jiangsu province.
  • the total salt content was 15.60g/kg and the pH was 8.2.
  • Experimental Examples 1 to 5 were based on the soil of saline-alkali soil in the Dongpu Xintai Beach, Jiangsu province, and the liquid bio-improving agent in Examples 1-5 was used for soil improvement, and the tomato was planted according to the above method, wherein the step of applying the biological modifier was carried out.
  • the specific method is: in the sunny weather of 20 ⁇ 30 ° C, the liquid bio-improving agent is mixed with the 0-20cm ploughed soil in the ratio of 1:60, 1:80, 1:100, 1:60, 1:80 Evenly, about 15-30 days, use the hand to poke the soil, when the white hyphae grow out, follow the The ridges are made at 80, 100, 120 and 180 cm intervals, the tomatoes are cultivated on the ridges, and the furrows cover the weeds and crop straws with a thickness of 30-40 cm.
  • the bio-improving agent of the invention can rapidly improve the soil fertility, effectively improve the high sand content of the saline-alkali land, and the poor soil aggregate structure, increase the humus of the soil, facilitate the formation of the agglomerate structure, and at the same time reduce the salt return of the cultivated layer.
  • the situation, to promote the growth of crops, can reduce the total salt content of the soil by 38.5% and increase the tomato yield by more than 45.9%.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，按重量份数包括：淤泥粉1～2份、生物炭粉0.25～2份、稻壳粉0.1-1份、水4～15份、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.5～1份。该生物改良剂制备工艺简单、成本较低，可迅速提高土壤肥力，有效改善滩涂盐碱地肥力极低的现状，并且可以改善滩涂盐碱地砂粒含量高、土壤团粒结构较差的现状，增加土壤的腐殖质，有利于团粒结构的形成，分解后产生的有机酸还能中和土壤的碱性，不会对土壤造成污染，可减轻耕层返盐情况，有利于经济作物生长。

Description

一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及肥料配置技术领域，具体涉及一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用，尤其涉及一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方法。
背景技术
土壤盐渍化是土壤退化的主要类型之一。盐渍土是一系列受土体中盐碱成分作用，包括各种盐土和碱土以及其他不同程度盐化和碱化的土壤的总称。根据联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)和粮农组织(FAO)不完全统计，世界盐渍土总面积约为1.0×109hm2，占地球陆地面积的7.26％。我国盐渍土面积广大，我国盐渍土面积约9.913×107hm2，包括残余盐渍土约4.487×107hm2，现代盐渍土约3.693×107hm2，潜在盐渍土约1.733×106hm2。
沿海滩涂指高潮位与低潮位之间的淤泥质海岸带浅滩。据我国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查资料，我国海岸线长达1.83×104km，沿海滩涂资源丰富，主要集中于大河三角洲平原海岸及华南海岸的一些港湾内，共有滩涂2.17×104km2。且研究表明，目前滩涂仍以2-3×104km2的速度淤涨，是我国重要的后备土地资源。沿海滩涂围垦开发历史悠久，随着我国城市化建设、产业结构调整、人口数量增加等因素影响，耕地面积逐渐减少，人地矛盾更加突出，滩涂资源的合理开发利用，对扩大农业耕地面积，促进林、牧、渔、盐业等的发展和促进长三角经济发展均起到了重要作用。滨海盐渍土区域大多由于退海而成，积盐过程的盐分补给方式主要是海水浸渍和溯河倒灌。滨海盐渍土具有不同于内陆盐土的一系列特性：不仅表层积盐重、心土含盐量也很高；盐分组成与海水基本一致，氯化物占绝对优势；滨海盐渍土分布平行于海岸带呈带状分布，从海向陆，土壤含盐量和地下水矿化度渐次递减。由于滨海盐渍土，尤其是新围垦的滩涂，土壤含盐量高，盐分表聚，土壤养分缺乏，严重影响土地生产力和作物正常生长，加之人为盲目垦殖、粗放型农业耕作方式和围海造田等活动的影响造成生态系统进一步破坏，土壤盐渍化状况更为严重，对长三角沿海滩涂地区的可持续发展不利。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供了一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供了一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备方法。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供了一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方法。
技术方案：为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，所述生物改良剂按重量份数包括以下组分：淤泥粉1～2份、生物炭粉0.25～2份、稻壳粉0.1-1份、水4～15份、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.5～1份。
其中，上述生物改良剂还包括养殖废水0.7～1.5份。
其中，上述淤泥粉取自河流、湖泊清淤后的淤泥，经过脱水、风干、粉碎并过1mm筛制得。
其中，上述生物炭粉购买于江苏华丰农业生物工程有限公司，pH介于7.0-9.0之间，为小麦、水稻等秸秆碳化而成，粉碎后过1mm筛得到。
其中，上述养殖废水为养殖场畜禽粪便污水，过滤后稀释至一定的倍数备用，稀释后的污水中NH3 —N含量介于60～500mg/L。
其中，上述高耐盐的微生物菌液由EM工程菌添加到糖蜜、水、Ca(OH)2溶液、Mg(OH)2溶液中发酵后得到的菌液。
作为优选，所述高耐盐的微生物菌液按重量份数由0.5-2份的EM工程菌(EM工程菌购于南京爱睦乐环保生物技术有限公司)添加到2-5份的糖蜜、70-85份的水、3-5份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、5-10份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。
本发明内容还包括上述滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)称取淤泥粉1～2份、0.25～2份、稻壳粉0.1-1份、水4～15份、和/或养殖废水0.7～1.5份、水4～7.5份、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.5～1份；
2)将上述高耐盐的微生物菌液、和/或养殖废水和水于25～35℃厌氧发酵7～10天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，180-230r/min转速下先厌氧发酵7-10天，再好氧发酵5-7天即得所述生物改良剂。
本发明内容还包括上述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂在滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方面的应用。
本发明内容还包括一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方法，包括以下步骤：
1)围垦后的第1年冬天，在滩涂盐碱地上种植耐盐植物；
2)围垦后的第2年春天，种植第一茬经济作物，按照80-200cm间距收割耐盐植物，收割后的耐盐植物晾干备用，标记耐盐植物未收割区域为A，收割后将准备改种经济作物的区域标记为种植区B，在20～30℃晴朗天气，喷洒所述的生物改良剂于种植区B 上，将生物改良剂耕翻入种植区B，15-30天后，用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出即可移栽经济作物，将收割后的耐盐植物覆盖在经济作物根层，以保证种植区B无裸露土面，待经济作物收割后，将种植区B覆盖的耐盐植物充分晒干后，继续喷洒生物改良剂，耕翻入土后混匀备用；为了防止半干的植物直接耕翻进入土壤后，不能充分腐熟发酵，而晾干后喷洒液态改良剂，有利于植物充分腐熟发酵以增加土壤中的有机质含量，充分改良土壤肥力和结构性能，以待第二年种植使用。
3)围垦后的第2年秋天，将区域A中的耐盐作物全部收割晾干备用，准备种植第二茬经济作物，在20～30℃晴朗天气，在区域A喷洒生物改良剂，将生物改良剂耕翻入土后混匀备用，15-30天后用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出即可移栽经济作物，将收割后的耐盐植物覆盖在经济作物根层，以保证种植区无裸露土面。
其中，上述耐盐植物为苏丹草、苜蓿中的一种或几种。
其中，上述经济作物为番茄或其他经济作物。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
(1)淤泥本身含有一定的营养成分，和农业有机废弃物共发酵制作的液体土壤改良剂具有较高的养分，可迅速提高土壤肥力，有效改善滩涂盐碱地肥力极低的现状。
(2)淤泥颗粒较小粘粒含量高，施入土壤后，可以有效改善滩涂盐碱地砂粒含量高，土壤团粒结构较差的现状。
(3)稻壳含碳量高，可增加土壤的腐殖质，有利于团粒结构的形成，分解后产生的有机酸还能中和土壤的碱性。
(4)滩涂盐碱地为沿海地区新围垦的土地，土壤中不含任何化学成分，是天然适合进行有机农业种植的土壤。本发明的生物改良方法，不涉及化肥或其他化学改良剂，因此不会对土壤造成污染。
(5)种植的耐盐作物还田后覆盖在经济作物根系周围，可减轻耕层返盐情况，有利于经济作物生长。
(6)明沟排水可以迅速降低土壤盐分，但无法让盐碱地变成可耕种的农田；种植耐盐作物可大量吸收土壤中的盐分，将其还田后不但可提高土壤有机质含量还可以降低土壤返盐；微生物改良剂及其施用方法对土壤肥力、土壤结构和微生物区系的改善均具有显著的有益效果。本发明将三者结合可高效的改良新垦滩涂盐碱地，使其进行农业生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。以下实施例是为了对本发明作进一步详细说明，并非对发明的限制。
本发明的试剂来源：本发明使用的淤泥粉，为取自河流、湖泊清淤后的淤泥，在实验室经过脱水、风干、粉碎并过1mm筛制得；生物炭粉购买于江苏华丰农业生物工程有限公司，粉碎后过1mm筛得到；养殖废水养殖废水为养殖场畜禽粪便污水，过滤后稀释至一定的倍数备用，稀释后的污水中NH3--N介于60～500mg/L。高耐盐的微生物菌液在南京蔬菜花卉科学研究所实验室内按重量份数由0.5-2份的EM工程菌(EM工程菌购于南京爱睦乐环保生物技术有限公司)添加到2-5份的糖蜜、70-85份的水、3-5份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、5-10份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。下面通过具体的实施例详细说明本发明。
实施例1滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备
1、高耐盐的微生物菌液的制备：按重量份数由0.5份的EM工程菌添加到2份的糖蜜、70份的水、3份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、5份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液中，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。
2、滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂制备：称取淤泥粉1kg、生物炭粉0.5kg、稻壳粉0.1kg、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.5kg，水4kg、养殖废水2.1kg，将养殖废水、高耐盐的微生物菌液和水于35℃厌氧发酵7天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，180r/min转速下先厌氧发酵10天，再好氧发酵7天即得生物改良剂。
实施例2滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备
1、高耐盐的微生物菌液的制备：按重量份数由1份的EM工程菌加到3份的糖蜜、75份的水、4份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、7份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。
2、滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂制备：称取淤泥粉1.5kg、生物炭粉1kg、稻壳粉0.6kg、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.8kg，水8kg、养殖废水3kg，将养殖废水、高耐盐的微生物菌液和水于25℃厌氧发酵10天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，230r/min转速下先厌 氧发酵7天，再好氧发酵5天即得生物改良剂。
实施例3滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备
1、高耐盐的微生物菌液的制备：按重量份数由2份的EM工程菌添加到5份的糖蜜、85份的水、5份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、10份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。
2、滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂制备：称取淤泥粉2kg、生物炭粉2kg、稻壳粉1kg、高耐盐的微生物菌液1kg，水15kg、养殖废水4.5kg，将养殖废水、高耐盐的微生物菌液和水于30℃厌氧发酵8天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，260r/min转速下先厌氧发酵8天，再好氧发酵6天即得生物改良剂。
实施例4滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备
1、高耐盐的微生物菌液的制备：按重量份数由1.5份的EM工程菌添加到4份的糖蜜、80份的水、4份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、8份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。
2、滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂制备：称取淤泥粉1kg、生物炭粉1kg、稻壳粉0.5kg、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.6kg，水10kg、养殖废水0.7kg，将养殖废水、高耐盐的微生物菌液和水于30℃厌氧发酵8天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，260r/min转速下先厌氧发酵8天，再好氧发酵6天即得生物改良剂。
实施例5滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备
1、高耐盐的微生物菌液的制备：按重量份数由1.5份的EM工程菌添加到4份的糖蜜、80份的水、4份的1g/L Ca(OH)2溶液、8份的1g/L Mg(OH)2溶液，25℃发酵约30h得到的发酵液。
2、滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂制备：称取淤泥粉2kg、生物炭粉0.25kg、稻壳粉1kg、高耐盐的微生物菌液1kg，水15kg，将高耐盐的微生物菌液和水于30℃厌氧发酵8天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，260r/min转速下先厌氧发酵8天，再好氧发酵6天即得生物改良剂。
表1实施例1-4的组成表
Figure PCTCN2017115883-appb-000001
实验例1～5
选用实施例1-5中所得的液态生物改良剂，在江苏沿海盐碱地进行番茄种植试验。
1)围垦后的第1年冬天，在滩涂盐碱地上种植耐盐植物苜蓿；
2)围垦后的第2年春天，种植第一茬经济作物，按照80-200cm间距收割耐盐植物，收割后的耐盐植物晾干备用，标记耐盐植物未收割区域为A，收割后将准备改种经济作物的区域标记为种植区B，在20～30℃晴朗天气，喷洒所述的生物改良剂于种植区B上，将生物改良剂耕翻入种植区B，约15-30天后，用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出即可移栽经济作物，将收割后的耐盐植物覆盖在经济作物根层，以保证种植区B无裸露土面，待经济作物收割后，将种植区B覆盖的耐盐植物充分晒干后，继续喷洒生物改良剂，耕翻入土后混匀备用；
3)围垦后的第2年秋天，将区域A中的耐盐作物全部收割晾干备用，准备种植第二茬经济作物，在20～30℃晴朗天气，在区域A喷洒生物改良剂，将生物改良剂耕翻入土后混匀备用，约15-30天后用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出即可移栽经济作物，将收割后的耐盐植物覆盖在经济作物根层，以保证种植区无裸露土面。
本实验例将该种植试验进行了六组试验，包括对比例和五组实验例，对比例就是直接在江苏东台新垦滩涂盐碱地土壤上进行种植番茄，其余五组实验例是分别采用实施例1～5的生物改良剂在江苏东台新垦滩涂盐碱地土壤上进行改良种植；其中，对比例是江苏东台新垦滩涂盐碱地土壤，全盐量15.60g/kg，pH 8.2。实验例1～5是在江苏东台新垦滩涂盐碱地土壤的基础上，选用实施例1-5中的液态生物改良剂进行土壤改良，按照上述的方法进行种植番茄，其中施用生物改良剂的步骤的具体的做法是：在20～30℃晴朗天气，将液态生物改良剂分别按照1：60、1：80、1：100、1：60、1：80的比例同0-20cm耕层土壤充分混匀，约15-30天，用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出时，分别按照 80、100、120和180cm间距做垄，垄上栽培番茄，垄间沟覆盖30-40cm厚度的杂草和作物秸秆。
使用本发明生物改良剂前后的详细土壤类型以及试验结果见下表2：
表2
Figure PCTCN2017115883-appb-000002
结果表明，本发明的生物改良剂可迅速提高土壤肥力，有效改善滩涂盐碱地砂粒含量高，土壤团粒结构较差的现状，增加土壤的腐殖质，有利于团粒结构的形成，并同时减轻耕层返盐情况，促进作物的生长，可降低土壤全盐量38.5％，提高番茄产量45.9％以上。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，其特征在于，所述生物改良剂按重量份数包括以下组分：淤泥粉1～2份、生物炭粉0.25～2份、稻壳粉0.1-1份、水4～15份、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.5～1份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，其特征在于，所述生物改良剂还包括养殖废水0.7～1.5份。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，其特征在于，所述淤泥粉取自河流、湖泊清淤后的淤泥，经过脱水、风干、粉碎并过1mm筛制得。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，其特征在于，所述养殖废水为养殖场畜禽粪便污水，过滤后稀释至一定的倍数备用，稀释后的污水中NH3—N含量介于60～500mg/L。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂，其特征在于，所述高耐盐的微生物菌液由EM工程菌添加到糖蜜、水、Ca(OH)2溶液、Mg(OH)2溶液中发酵后得到的菌液。
  6. 权利要求1～5任一项所述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    1)称取淤泥粉1～2份、生物炭粉0.25～1份、稻壳粉0.05-0.5份、和/或养殖废水0.7～1.5份、水4～7.5份、高耐盐的微生物菌液0.5～1份；
    2)将高耐盐的微生物菌液、和/或养殖废水和水于25～35℃厌氧发酵7～10天后，加入淤泥粉、稻壳粉、生物炭粉，180-230r/min转速下先厌氧发酵7-10天，再好氧发酵5-7天即得所述生物改良剂。
  7. 权利要求1～5任一项所述的滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂在滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方面的应用。
  8. 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    1)围垦后的第1年冬天，在滩涂盐碱地上种植耐盐植物；
    2)围垦后的第2年春天，种植第一茬经济作物，按照80-200cm间距收割耐盐植物，收割后的耐盐植物晾干备用，标记耐盐植物未收割区域为A，收割后将准备改种经济作物的区域标记为种植区B，在20～30℃晴朗天气，喷洒权利要求1～5任一项所述的生物改良剂于种植区B上，将生物改良剂耕翻入种植区B，15-30天后，用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出即可移栽经济作物，将收割后的耐盐植物覆盖在经济作物根层，以保证种 植区B无裸露土面，待经济作物收割后，将种植区B覆盖的耐盐植物充分晒干后，继续喷洒生物改良剂，耕翻入土后混匀备用；
    3)围垦后的第2年秋天，将区域A中的耐盐作物全部收割晾干备用，准备种植第二茬经济作物，在20～30℃晴朗天气，在区域A喷洒生物改良剂，将生物改良剂耕翻入土后混匀备用，15-30天后用手拨开土壤，有白色菌丝长出即可移栽经济作物，将收割后的耐盐植物覆盖在经济作物根层，以保证种植区无裸露土面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方法，其特征在于，所述耐盐植物为苏丹草、苜蓿中的一种或几种。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良方法，其特征在于，所述经济作物为番茄或其他经济作物。
PCT/CN2017/115883 2017-11-29 2017-12-13 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用 WO2019104755A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711225382.8 2017-11-29
CN201711225382.8A CN107853093B (zh) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019104755A1 true WO2019104755A1 (zh) 2019-06-06

Family

ID=61704360

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2017/115883 WO2019104755A1 (zh) 2017-11-29 2017-12-13 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107853093B (zh)
WO (1) WO2019104755A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113412697A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-09-21 青岛万慧源环保科技有限公司 一种盐碱地的改良方法
CN114557161A (zh) * 2022-04-14 2022-05-31 自然资源部国土整治中心 盐碱地改造装置
CN114711111A (zh) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-08 四平市圣星生物科技有限公司 一种盐碱地水稻栽培方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109821866B (zh) * 2019-01-16 2021-02-19 安徽工程大学 基于河道底泥资源化利用的盐碱地修复结构及其修复方法
CN110615713A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-27 河海大学 一种炭基微生物有机肥及其制备方法
CN111903467A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-11-10 中交疏浚技术装备国家工程研究中心有限公司 一种改良海相淤泥用于种植土的工艺
CN112723959A (zh) * 2021-03-12 2021-04-30 南京朴厚生态科技有限公司 一种滨海滩涂盐碱地土壤改良剂及其制备工艺

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103275731A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-04 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 一种盐碱地改良剂及其制备方法和应用
CN105367335A (zh) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-02 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 生物炭基滨海盐碱地改良调理剂及其制备方法和应用
CN106085458A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-11-09 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 一种盐碱地灌木种植用改良剂配方及其改良方法
CN106242915A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-21 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 一种利用甘蔗渣发酵制备的有机肥料及其改良河套灌区盐碱地的方法
CN107311787A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-11-03 钟春明 盐碱土壤专用有机肥

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102531801A (zh) * 2012-01-05 2012-07-04 上海创博生态工程有限公司 一种酸性生物有机肥料及其制备方法
CN104919931A (zh) * 2015-06-15 2015-09-23 刘长生 一种盐碱地改良方法
CN105052290A (zh) * 2015-07-13 2015-11-18 河海大学 一种利用淤泥改良盐碱地表层土进行脱盐的方法
CN105123008B (zh) * 2015-08-07 2017-04-12 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 秸秆生物碳与微生物菌肥组配改良盐碱地的方法
CN105418316A (zh) * 2015-12-14 2016-03-23 王桂君 一种适用于盐碱化土壤的生物炭肥改良剂及其制备方法和施用方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103275731A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-04 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 一种盐碱地改良剂及其制备方法和应用
CN105367335A (zh) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-02 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 生物炭基滨海盐碱地改良调理剂及其制备方法和应用
CN106085458A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-11-09 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 一种盐碱地灌木种植用改良剂配方及其改良方法
CN106242915A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-21 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 一种利用甘蔗渣发酵制备的有机肥料及其改良河套灌区盐碱地的方法
CN107311787A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-11-03 钟春明 盐碱土壤专用有机肥

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113412697A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-09-21 青岛万慧源环保科技有限公司 一种盐碱地的改良方法
CN114557161A (zh) * 2022-04-14 2022-05-31 自然资源部国土整治中心 盐碱地改造装置
CN114711111A (zh) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-08 四平市圣星生物科技有限公司 一种盐碱地水稻栽培方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107853093B (zh) 2020-05-05
CN107853093A (zh) 2018-03-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2019104755A1 (zh) 一种滩涂盐碱地的生物改良剂及其制备方法和应用
CN102432394B (zh) 一种蔬菜无土栽培育苗基质
CN103787775A (zh) 一种桉树育苗栽培基质及其制备方法
CN109879447A (zh) 景观湖水生态系统的构建方法
CN102986513A (zh) 一种瓜果蔬菜的无土栽培基质
CN110106126A (zh) 一株胶质芽孢杆菌及其在制备盐碱土壤改良剂中的应用
CN105964680B (zh) 一种滨海盐碱地连作棉花土壤生态修复剂及其制备方法与应用
CN105123248A (zh) 红壤坡耕地建复合草带截留土壤养分的方法
CN105503333A (zh) 一种有机稻专用育秧基质
CN107852884B (zh) 一种利用固氮蓝藻改良酸化土壤和提升地力的方法
CN110603923A (zh) 一种盐碱地生物改良的方法
CN112931146A (zh) 一种黄瓜专用育苗基质及其制备方法
CN106433676A (zh) 一种土壤改良剂及其在新垦沿海滩涂盐碱地有机农业培肥中的应用
CN105950174A (zh) 一种用于盐碱地的微生物土壤调理剂
CN105000986A (zh) 一种促生长的江南油杉育苗轻基质
CN110627582A (zh) 一种固体炭基肥和液体药肥一体制剂的制备方法
CN109369241A (zh) 一种基于木本植物炼制的盐碱化土壤改良剂制备及使用方法
CN108157124A (zh) 一种利用猪粪水和秸秆制备育苗基质的方法及获得的产品和应用
CN111675582A (zh) 一种用于盐碱地改良的微生物制剂及其制备和应用
CN109329131B (zh) 红树林区绿色低碳养殖方法
CN109430120B (zh) 红树林区利用海水养殖废水养殖大弹涂鱼方法
CN113455135B (zh) 一种构建种植土壤肥沃耕层的方法
CN110169332A (zh) 一种油茶专用育苗基质及其制作方法
CN110143840A (zh) 一种保水供肥改酸型山原红壤改良剂及其应用
CN105777426B (zh) 一种用于园林的生态型土壤改性剂

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17933308

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17933308

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1