WO2019102487A1 - Composition utile pour le prétraitement dans le tannage sans eau et procédé de tannage correspondant - Google Patents

Composition utile pour le prétraitement dans le tannage sans eau et procédé de tannage correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019102487A1
WO2019102487A1 PCT/IN2018/050347 IN2018050347W WO2019102487A1 WO 2019102487 A1 WO2019102487 A1 WO 2019102487A1 IN 2018050347 W IN2018050347 W IN 2018050347W WO 2019102487 A1 WO2019102487 A1 WO 2019102487A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
tanning
range
water
fatliquor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2018/050347
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Palanisamy Thanikaivelan
Rathinam ARAVINDHAN
Balaraman Madhan
Palanivel SARAVANAN
Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao
Original Assignee
Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research filed Critical Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research
Priority to EP18734308.2A priority Critical patent/EP3704275B1/fr
Priority to CN201880082583.3A priority patent/CN111556901B/zh
Priority to BR112020010308-0A priority patent/BR112020010308A2/pt
Publication of WO2019102487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019102487A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
    • C14C3/10—Vegetable tanning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
    • C14C3/06—Mineral tanning using chromium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/28—Multi-step processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
    • C14C9/02—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes using fatty or oily materials, e.g. fat liquoring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition useful for pre-treatment in waterless tanning. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition that finds application in tanning, wherein the said composition uses the inherent water present in the substrate to be tanned, thereby eliminating the need of addition of external water.
  • the developed composition is useful in leather processing industry for making chrome or vegetable tanned leather in an eco-benign way without adding to the environmental pollution.
  • the basification is not necessary in this process (Legesse et al, The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 97, 475-486 2002; Rao et al, The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 99, 82-94, 2004; WO 2012153203A1). Nevertheless, the disclosed process employs aqueous medium in significant quantity and discharge wastewater with fairly low pollution loads in comparison to the conventional pickle based chrome tanning system.
  • a dispersing agent composition was developed for carrying out tanning without water or any other medium (WO 2017009867).
  • the dispersing agent essentially comprises polyalkylene polyhydric compound, an organic acid and a non-ionic surfactant.
  • the major constituent of the said dispersing agent is polyalkylene polyhydric compound, which would increase the cost of the composition and would limit the commercial viability.
  • Our co-pending Indian patent application No. 201611009091 provides a process for waterless chrome tanning that eliminates the use of water, salt, sulfuric acid and basification salts during the chrome tanning process. This process has been receiving more attention in global leather industries and several tanners in India have already adopted the process. However, use of more water and expensive organic acids for pre-treatment are posing problems for implementation in commercial environment. Hence, absorption of these new waterless chrome tanning technologies in worldwide leather industries has been slow thus threatening the sustainability of leather industries.
  • the inventors of the present invention realized that there exists a dire need to provide a composition and process useful for pre treatment during waterless chrome tanning process, which helps to eliminate water from tanning process thereby reducing the wastewater discharge. Elimination of mineral tanning salt and common salt will reduce the pollution load and chemical cost of the tanning process, thereby benefiting the industry.
  • the main objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a composition useful in pre-treatment in waterless tanning process, which obviates the limitations as stated above.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to avoid the use of water both during chrome and vegetable tanning and utilize inherent water present in the substrate.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to use auxiliary chemicals like acid stable cationic fatliquors during the tanning process.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to improve the uptake of chromium and vegetable tannins during the process. Still another objective of the present invention is to reduce the pollution load and toxic chemicals in the effluent.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce processing time, water and cost for pre-treatment during waterless tanning in comparison to conventional processing.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to eliminate the use of salt, sulfuric acid and basification process in comparison to conventional processing.
  • the present invention provides a composition useful in pre-treatment in waterless tanning process, wherein the said composition comprising: i. 90 to 95% (v/v) of organic acid having carbon chain length in the range of Cl to C3; ii. 3 to 8% (v/v) of primary alcohol having carbon chain length in the range of Cl to C3; and
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the pre-treatment composition useful in waterless tanning, which comprises mixing 90 to 95% (v/v) of organic acid having carbon chain length in the range of Cl to C3, 3 to 8% (v/v) of primary alcohol having carbon chain length in the range of Cl to C3 and 2 to 5% (v/v) of a non-ionic surfactant for a period in the range of 5 to 30 min to obtain the composition.
  • the said composition being water soluble, exhibiting a pH in the range of 1.8 to 2.6 as a 10% solution and characterized by transparent appearance.
  • the present invention provides a waterless tanning process using the developed composition, wherein the steps comprising: i. treating the delimed substrate to be tanned with 0.1 to 5% w/w of the developed composition in the presence of 10 to 60% water to adjust the pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.8 followed by draining the float to obtain pre-treated substrate, ii. treating the pre-treated substrate as obtained in step (i) with 0.2 to 2.0% of a conventional fatliquor and 0.2 to 1.0% of an alkali metal salt of organic acid having carbon chain of length not more than two for a period in the range of 20 to 60 min,
  • step (iii) treating the substrate as obtained in step (ii) with 3 to 50% of conventional tanning agent, added in one or more instalments, for a period in the range of 90 to 600 min with simultaneous checking of pH in the range of 3.6 to 4.4 to obtain tanned substrate.
  • the organic acid used may be selected from methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propionic acid either individually or in different combinations.
  • the primary alcohol used may be selected from methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol either individually or in different combinations.
  • the non-ionic surfactant used may be selected from 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate either individually or in different combinations.
  • the conventional fatliquor used may be selected from cationic fatliquor, acid stable fatliquor, universal fatliquor, chrome stable fatliquor either individually or in different combinations.
  • the alkali metal salt of organic acid used may be selected from sodium methanoate, sodium ethanoate either individually or in different combinations.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of composition, which comprising mixing 90 to 95% (v/v) of an organic acid having carbon chain length in the range of Cl to C3, 3 to 8% (v/v) of primary alcohol having carbon chain length in the range of Cl to C3 and 2 to 5% (v/v) of a non-ionic surfactant are mixed together for a period of 5 to 30 min to obtain a composition which is useful for pre-treatment in waterless tanning processes.
  • the prepared composition has the following characteristics: pH of 10% solution: 1.8 to 2.6
  • composition is used for waterless tanning process as described below.
  • Delimed substrate is treated with 0.1 to 5% of the composition in the presence of 10-60% water.
  • the pH of the pelt is adjusted in the range of 4.8 to 5.8.
  • the float is drained and the substrate is treated with 0.2 to 2.0% of conventional fatliquor and 0.2 to 1.0% alkali metal salt of organic acid having carbon chain of length not more than two.
  • the substrate is treated with 3 to 50% of conventional tanning agent, added in one or more instalments, for a period in the range of 90 to 600 min.
  • the pH is checked to be in the range of 3.6 to 4.4 to obtain tanned substrate.
  • the inventive step of the present invention lies in preparing the composition by prudent selection and combination of key chemicals such that the resultant composition can be easily used for pre-treatment in waterless tanning, which would help in carrying out the tanning more effectively and easily utilizing the internal moisture content of raw material to reduce the effluent discharge. Further, elimination of common salt and considerable reduction in water requirement, duration of the process and cost are achieved in the new invention.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 45 ml of methanoic acid, 4 ml of methanol and 1 ml 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 1.80. The colour of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • One delimed substrate (cow hide) to be tanned weighing 3 kg was treated with the above composition diluted with 500 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 1200 ml water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 4.8.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 6 g of cationic fatliquor and 6 g of sodium methanoate. After a period of 20 min, 90 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 90 min. The pH was checked to be 3.8 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • BCS chrome tanning agent
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 7 ml of ethanoic acid, 0.2 ml of ethanol and 0.15 ml Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.41. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • Three delimed substrate (cow hide) to be tanned weighing 7.5 kg were treated with the above composition diluted with 75 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 3000 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.2.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 37.5 g of acid stable fatliquor and 15 g of sodium ethanoate.
  • 375 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 180 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 4.0 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 41 ml of propionic acid, 2.3 ml of propan-2-ol and 2.25 ml [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.58. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • Two delimed substrate (cow hide) to be tanned weighing 5 kg were treated with the above composition diluted with 900 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 2000 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.4.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 15 g of Universal fatliquor and 27.5 g of sodium methanoate.
  • 300 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 180 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 4.10 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 45 ml of methanoic acid, 45 ml of ethanoic acid, 2.5 ml of methanol, 2.5 ml of ethanol, 2 ml of 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol, 2 ml of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and 1 ml of [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4- dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.10. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 18 ml of methanoic acid, 18 ml of ethanoic acid, 18 ml of propionic acid, 2 ml of methanol, 2 ml of ethanol, 0.8 ml of propan-2-ol, 1 ml of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and 0.2 ml of [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4- dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.10. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 30 ml of methanoic acid, 15 ml of ethanoic acid, 26 ml of propionic acid, 1 ml of methanol, 0.5 ml of propan-2-ol, 0.5 ml of 2-[4-(2,4,4- trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol, 0.75 ml of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate and 1 ml of [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.25. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • delimed substrate to be tanned weighing 10 kg were treated with the above composition diluted with 750 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 4000 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.0.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 10 g of acid stable fatliquor, 10 g of universal fatliquor and 50 g of sodium methanoate.
  • 800 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 420 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 3.9 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 40 ml of methanoic acid, 15 ml of ethanoic acid, 50 ml of propionic acid, 4 ml of methanol, 2 ml of ethanol, 4 ml of propan-2-ol, and 2 ml of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.6. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • One delimed substrate (cow hide) to be tanned weighing 2 kg was treated with the above composition diluted with 1000 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 800 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.8.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 20 g of cationic fatliquor, 20 g of chrome stable fatliquor and 6 g of sodium ethanoate.
  • 60 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 120 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 4.4 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 10 ml of methanoic acid, 90 ml of ethanoic acid, 5 ml of ethanol and 5 ml of 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.20. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • delimed substrate to be tanned weighing 10 kg were treated with the above composition diluted with 1000 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 4000 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 4.8.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 50 g of acid stable fatliquor and 50 g of sodium methanoate.
  • 600 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 300 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 4.1 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 25 ml of methanoic acid, 20 ml of propionic acid, 2.5 ml of ethanol, 2 ml of 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol and 0.5 ml of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.00. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • Ten delimed substrate (cow hide) to be tanned weighing 20 kg were treated with the above composition diluted with 3000 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 8000 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 4.8.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 20 g of cationic fatliquor, 100 g of acid stable fatliquor, 25 g of universal fatliquor, 50 g of chrome stable fatliquor, 25 g of sodium methanoate and 25 g of sodium ethanoate.
  • 1600 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval and drummed for a period of 540 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 3.7 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 41 ml of propionic acid, 2.3 ml of propan-2-ol and 2.25 ml [2-[(2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.58. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • Composition was prepared by mixing of 40 ml of methanoic acid, 15 ml of ethanoic acid, 50 ml of propionic acid, 4 ml of methanol, 2 ml of ethanol, 4 ml of propan-2-ol, and 2 ml of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate together for a period of 5 min. pH of 10% solution of the composition was 2.6. The color of the composition was transparent and it had good solubility in water.
  • One delimed substrate (cow hide) to be tanned weighing 2 kg was treated with the above composition diluted with 1000 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 600 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.6.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 20 g of cationic fatliquor, 20 g of Universal fatliquor and 6 g of sodium ethanoate.
  • 1 kg of wattle GS powder was added in 4 feeds with 20 min interval and drummed for a period of 600 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 3.6 to obtain vegetable tanned leather.
  • a versatile composition for facilitating waterless tanning is provided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)

Abstract

L'utilisation d'eau pendant le tannage au chrome ou le tannage végétal est inévitable car elle est importante pour la diffusion et la distribution de l'agent de tannage dans la matrice. Cela conduit à la génération d'eaux usées contenant des polluants tels que le chrome qui doivent être prises en charge efficacement. La présente invention concerne une nouvelle composition pour la mise en œuvre d'un tannage sans eau plus efficace et plus facile. La préparation de la composition implique une combinaison judicieuse de produits chimiques spécialisés clés nécessaires au prétraitement lors du tannage sans eau. L'utilisation d'une nouvelle composition pour le prétraitement dans le tannage sans eau permet de réduire les besoins en eau, la durée du procédé ainsi que son coût. De plus, l'utilisation de sel et le processus de basification sont évités dans le nouveau procédé. L'invention fait un effort pour introduire la durabilité dans l'industrie du cuir.
PCT/IN2018/050347 2017-11-24 2018-05-30 Composition utile pour le prétraitement dans le tannage sans eau et procédé de tannage correspondant WO2019102487A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18734308.2A EP3704275B1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2018-05-30 Composition convenant au traitement préalable de tannage exempt d'eau et procédé de tannage correspondant
CN201880082583.3A CN111556901B (zh) 2017-11-24 2018-05-30 可用于无水鞣制中的预处理的组合物及相应的鞣制方法
BR112020010308-0A BR112020010308A2 (pt) 2017-11-24 2018-05-30 composição útil para pré-tratamento de curtimento sem água, processo para preparar a composição e processo de curtimento aprimorado

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201711042200 2017-11-24
IN201711042200 2017-11-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019102487A1 true WO2019102487A1 (fr) 2019-05-31

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PCT/IN2018/050347 WO2019102487A1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2018-05-30 Composition utile pour le prétraitement dans le tannage sans eau et procédé de tannage correspondant

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EP (1) EP3704275B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111556901B (fr)
BR (1) BR112020010308A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019102487A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5900027A (en) * 1995-03-03 1999-05-04 Geihsler; Helmut Process for preparing animal hides or pelts
US20110146707A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Laura Cermenati Liquid acidic hard surface cleaning composition
WO2012153203A1 (fr) 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Procédé de tannage au chrome pour la fabrication de cuir réutilisant une liqueur de chrome usée
WO2014162059A1 (fr) 2013-04-02 2014-10-09 Taminco Finland Oy Procédé de tannage respectueux de l'environnement
WO2017009867A1 (fr) 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition d'agent dispersant pour le tannage des cuirs/peaux et procédé pour sa préparation

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA200900840B (en) * 2006-08-21 2010-05-26 Unilever Plc Detergent composition
IN2014DE00085A (fr) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-17 Council Scient Ind Res

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5900027A (en) * 1995-03-03 1999-05-04 Geihsler; Helmut Process for preparing animal hides or pelts
US20110146707A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Laura Cermenati Liquid acidic hard surface cleaning composition
WO2012153203A1 (fr) 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Procédé de tannage au chrome pour la fabrication de cuir réutilisant une liqueur de chrome usée
WO2014162059A1 (fr) 2013-04-02 2014-10-09 Taminco Finland Oy Procédé de tannage respectueux de l'environnement
WO2017009867A1 (fr) 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition d'agent dispersant pour le tannage des cuirs/peaux et procédé pour sa préparation

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LEGESSE ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION, vol. 97, 2002, pages 475 - 486
MANFRED ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS, vol. 66, 2012, pages 291 - 296
RAO ET AL., JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, vol. 11, 2003, pages 591 - 599
RAO ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION, vol. 99, 2004, pages 82 - 94
SILAMBARASAN ET AL., JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, vol. 87, 2015, pages 567 - 572
SILAMBARASAN ET AL., RSC ADVANCES, vol. 5, 2015, pages 66815 - 66823
SURESH ET AL., JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, vol. 9, 2001, pages 483 - 491

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112020010308A2 (pt) 2020-11-17
EP3704275B1 (fr) 2022-12-07
CN111556901B (zh) 2022-07-08
EP3704275A1 (fr) 2020-09-09
CN111556901A (zh) 2020-08-18

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