WO2019100958A1 - 一种自动灭火组合物 - Google Patents
一种自动灭火组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019100958A1 WO2019100958A1 PCT/CN2018/114990 CN2018114990W WO2019100958A1 WO 2019100958 A1 WO2019100958 A1 WO 2019100958A1 CN 2018114990 W CN2018114990 W CN 2018114990W WO 2019100958 A1 WO2019100958 A1 WO 2019100958A1
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- fire extinguishing
- extinguishing composition
- fire
- component
- potassium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of novel fire extinguishing agents, and more particularly to an automatic fire extinguishing composition.
- the fire extinguishing system currently on the market usually consists of a detection unit, a control unit and a fire extinguishing unit.
- the detection unit first operates to transmit a fire signal to the control unit, which then activates the fire suppression unit to extinguish the fire.
- These unit components have a complicated structure, occupy a large space, and the fire extinguishing time lags behind.
- the existing hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents mainly include S-type and K-type fire extinguishing agents.
- pyrotechnic agents are needed as a heat source and a power source.
- the combustion of pyrophoric agents causes the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent to be decomposed to generate a large amount of fire extinguishing agents.
- the substance is ejected together with a large amount of gas generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic agent, thereby achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire.
- the shortcoming is that the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent releases a large amount of heat at the same time as the combustion reaction releases the hot aerosol, which may cause secondary combustion, in order to effectively reduce the temperature of the device and the aerosol, and avoid secondary fires.
- the cooling and cooling material of the existing hot aerosol fire extinguishing device can reduce the temperature of the product and greatly weaken the fire extinguishing performance of the product.
- many products have reduced the fire extinguishing. Level, or continue to increase the quality of the actual fire extinguishing agent, so that the product volume increases, the use efficiency decreases, which leads to the structure of the device is complicated and cumbersome
- the present invention provides a simpler, safer and more efficient automatic fire extinguishing composition without the need for detection, control and other front-mounted units to directly capture Fire situation, fire extinguishing in real time.
- An automatic fire extinguishing composition characterized in that the fire extinguishing composition is applied around an easy fire point, and in the event of a fire, the automatic fire extinguishing composition absorbs heat generated by the fire field to perform a flameless chemical reaction to generate a gas and a fire extinguishing substance.
- the automatic fire extinguishing composition comprises a main fire extinguishing component, a gas generating component and a binder, which are in terms of mass percentage: 30% to 65% of the main fire extinguishing component, 15% to 40% of the gas generating component, and 15 binder % ⁇ 40%.
- the main fire extinguishing component is sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese carbonate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, potassium sorbate, potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate.
- sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium perchlorate, potassium dichromate, and potassium chromate is sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese carbonate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydrogen tartrate, potassium sorbate, potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate.
- sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium dichromate, and potassium chromate sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium dichromate, and potassium chromate.
- the gas generating component is one or more of dicyandiamide, melamine, cesium carbonate, azodicarbonamide, nitroguanidine, cesium phosphate, guanidine hydrochloride, urea, and sulfamate.
- the binder is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, acetal glue, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, phenolic resin, shellac, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, and starch.
- the mass percentage of each component in the fire extinguishing composition is:
- the adhesive is 15% to 30%
- the mass percentage of each component in the fire extinguishing composition is:
- the adhesive is 15% to 25%
- the fire extinguishing composition is formed into a sheet shape or a strip shape or a column shape or other easy-to-paste sheet shape by pressing and solvent drying, and is pasted in a space around the easy ignition point.
- the fire extinguishing composition is made into a coating and sprayed on a space around the easy ignition point.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the automatic fire extinguishing composition.
- the preparation method comprises the following steps:
- the main fire-extinguishing component and the gas-generating component are pulverized to a fineness of 80 to 200 standard purposes, and mixed according to the ratio, and sieved through 80 to 200 mesh for 3 times;
- the binder solution is added to the mixed powder, stirred for 10 minutes, and then allowed to stand for 30 min;
- the preparation method comprises the following steps:
- the main fire extinguishing component and the gas generating component are pulverized to a fineness of 80 to 200 standard purposes, and mixed according to the ratio, and sieved 3 times with 80 to 200 mesh;
- the binder solution is added to the mixed powder and stirred for 10 minutes.
- the present invention also provides a novel fire extinguishing method using the fire extinguishing composition, characterized in that the automatic fire extinguishing composition is coated or pasted around an easy fire point, and in the event of a fire, the automatic fire extinguishing composition absorbs the fire field
- the generated heat is subjected to a self-excited flameless chemical reaction to generate a gas and a fire extinguishing substance, thereby achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire
- the fire extinguishing composition comprises a main fire extinguishing component, a gas generating component and a binder, and the mass percentage of the component is :
- the binder is 15% to 40%.
- the fire extinguishing mechanism of the automatic fire extinguishing composition of the present invention is as follows:
- the automatic fire extinguishing composition of the present invention is distributed in the form of a coating or patch and around the easy ignition point. When a fire occurs, a large amount of heat is generated.
- the automatic fire extinguishing composition of the present invention absorbs heat and performs a chemical reaction to generate a large amount of fire extinguishing. Active substances, fire directly to the fire.
- the fire extinguishing composition does not require a starting device.
- the fire extinguishing composition absorbs the heat generated by the fire, and the chemical reaction is a flameless reaction, thereby avoiding the secondary fire hazard caused by flaming combustion. .
- the present invention is a simple, low cost and highly reliable fire extinguishing composition that does not require any power source after manufacture, does not require a dedicated smoke/temperature detector, and does not require complicated equipment and piping.
- the automatic fire extinguishing composition of the invention integrates the detecting, controlling, starting and fire extinguishing unit, has the advantages of simple structure, small occupied space, rapid fire extinguishing and low maintenance cost.
- the automatic fire extinguishing composition of the invention is especially suitable for early fire prevention and control in a small space, such as: a switch cabinet, a power cabinet, etc., only need to paste or spray the fire extinguishing composition patch of the invention around the easy ignition point, ie Can effectively control early fires.
- the automatic fire extinguishing composition of the present invention does not need to be equipped with a conventional detecting and controlling unit, and does not require a starting device.
- the fire extinguishing composition absorbs the heat generated by the fire field to perform a flameless chemical reaction, generating gas and fire extinguishing substances, and realizing
- the automatic fire extinguishing function is safe and reliable and does not cause secondary fire hazards.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 5 seconds, and the fire was extinguished within 10 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 294 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 302 ° C.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 8 seconds, and the fire was extinguished within 13 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 302 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 310 ° C.
- Polyvinyl alcohol of 20 was weighed and dissolved in 20 g of boiling water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 3 seconds, and the fire was extinguished within 5 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 283 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 292 ° C.
- nitrocellulose 20 g was weighed and dissolved completely with 20 g of acetone to prepare a nitrocellulose solution.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 6 seconds, and the fire was extinguished within 10 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 298 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 305 ° C.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 4 seconds, and the fire was extinguished within 8 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 292 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 300 ° C.
- a layer of composition having a thickness of 0.5 mm is applied in sections on the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein one side of the distribution box
- the material is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 3 seconds, and the fire-extinguishing was performed within 6 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 297 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 306 ° C.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 5 seconds, and the fire-extinguishing was performed within 8 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 286 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 299 ° C.
- nitrocellulose 20 g was weighed and dissolved completely with 15 g of acetone and 5 g of cyclohexanone to prepare a nitrocellulose solution.
- the dried sheet-like fire extinguishing composition is cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and is pasted on the top of the inner surface of a distribution box having a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height), wherein The material on one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire.
- the n-heptane was ignited, and the fire-extinguishing composition patch was observed to start within 6 seconds, and the fire was extinguished within 10 seconds.
- the whole process was a flameless reaction, and the trigger temperature was 296 ° C, and the reaction temperature after the start was 303 ° C.
- the dried sheet-shaped fire extinguishing composition was cut into a rectangular patch of 3 cm*3 cm, and the adhesive was attached to a size of 10 cm (length) * 10 cm (width) * 20 cm (height).
- the fire extinguishing composition is easily sprayed into the distribution box, and the commercially available aerosol product is placed at the bottom of the power distribution cabinet.
- the material of one side of the distribution box is made of transparent plexiglass to facilitate observation of the fire extinguishing.
- Example 1-11 Commercial aerosol products Trigger temperature / °C 280-298 580-650 Reaction temperature / °C 291-306 700-850 Trigger reaction time / s 3-8 8-12 Fire extinguishing time / s 5-13 10-20
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自动灭火组合物及其灭火方法，该灭火组合物可涂覆或粘贴于易着火点周围，在发生火灾时，所述自动灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质；该自动灭火组合物包含主灭火成分、产气成分和粘合剂，其按质量百分比计为：主灭火成分30％～65％，产气成分为15％～40％，粘合剂为15％～40％，本发明的自动灭火组合物无需配备常规的探测及控制单元，不需要启动装置，发生火灾时，该灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质，实现自动灭火功能，安全可靠有效避免二次火灾的发生。
Description
本发明涉及新型灭火剂领域，更具体地说是一种自动灭火组合物。
目前市场上的消防灭火系统，通常由探测单元、控制单元及灭火单元等几部分构成。发生火灾时，探测单元首先动作，将火灾信号传输到控制单元，控制单元再启动灭火单元，从而进行火灾灭火。这些单元部件结构复杂，占用空间大，灭火时间滞后。
传统的灭火产品，按充装的灭火剂类型，分为气体灭火器、水基灭火器和干粉灭火器。这些产品都需要高压驱动方能实现系统的自动启动，系统的附属配件多，一方面投资费用提高，另一方面，由于附属配件多，系统发生故障的机率增加，为维护带来了困难。
现有的热气溶胶灭火剂主要有S型和K型灭火剂，在使用时，需要以烟火类药剂作为热力源和动力源，通过烟火类药剂燃烧使热气溶胶灭火剂分解产生出大量的可灭火物质，随烟火药剂燃烧产生的大量气体一起喷出，进而实现灭火目的。其不足之处在于热气溶胶灭火剂在发生燃烧反应释放出热气溶胶的同时，会释放出大量的热，可能会造成二次燃烧，为有效降低装置和气溶胶的温度，避免发生二次火灾，需要增加冷却系统，现有热气溶胶灭火装置的冷却降温材料虽然能降低产品的温度，同时也大大削弱了产品的灭火性能，为了弥补冷却系统带来的灭火性能 上的损失，很多产品要么降低了灭火级别，要么继续加大实际灭火剂的质量，使得产品体积增大，使用效率下降，这导致装置结构复杂笨重
发明内容
针对现有灭火装置的现状，特别是热气溶胶灭火系统中的固有缺陷，本发明提供了一种更简便，更安全，更高效的自动灭火组合物，无需探测、控制等前置单元，直接捕捉火场情况，实时启动灭火。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：该灭火组合物涂覆于易着火点周围，在发生火灾时，所述自动灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质；该自动灭火组合物包含主灭火成分、产气成分和粘合剂，其按质量百分比计为：主灭火成分30％～65％，产气成分为15％～40％，粘合剂为15％～40％。
进一步地，所述主灭火成分为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸锰、硝酸钾、酒石酸氢钾，山梨酸钾、高氯酸钾、氯酸钾、高锰酸钾、氯酸钠、高氯酸钠、重铬酸钾、铬酸钾中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述产气成分为双氰胺、三聚氰胺、碳酸胍、偶氮二甲酰胺、硝基胍、磷酸胍、盐酸胍、脲、氨基磺酸胍中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述粘合剂为聚乙烯醇、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、酚醛树脂、虫胶、乙基纤维素、硝化棉、淀粉中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物中各组分所占质量百分比为：
主灭火成分40％～60％
产气成分为15％～30％
粘合剂为15％～30％
进一步地，所述灭火组合物中各组分所占质量百分比为：
主灭火成分40％～60％
产气成分为15％～25％
粘合剂为15％～25％
进一步地，所述灭火组合物采用压制、溶剂晾干成型为片状或条状或柱状或其它易于粘贴的板片状，粘贴于易着火点周围空间。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物制成涂料，喷涂于易着火点周围空间。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述自动灭火组合物的制备方法，所述灭火组合物制备为板片状时，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将粘合剂溶于溶剂中，制成质量分数为30％～65％的溶液；
2)将主灭火成分和产气成分粉碎至80～200标准目的细度，并按比例要求混合，用80～200目筛过3遍；
3)按比例，将粘合剂溶液加入混合好的粉体中，搅拌10min后，静置30min；
4)将搅拌好的团状物放入模具中，压制成型。
所述灭火组合物制备为涂料喷涂时，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将粘合剂溶于溶剂中，制成质量分数为5％～20％的溶液；
2)将主灭火成分和产气成分粉碎至80～200标准目的细度，并按比例要求混合，并用80～200目筛过3遍；
3)按比例，将粘合剂溶液加入混合好的粉体中，搅拌10min，即得。
本发明同时提供了一种利用所述灭火组合物的新型灭火方法，其特征在于：将该自动灭火组合物涂覆或粘贴于易着火点周围，在发生火灾时，所述自动灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行自激发式无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质，进而达到灭火目的；所述灭火组合物包含主灭火成分、产气成分和粘合剂，其组分所占质量百分比为：
主灭火成分30％～65％
产气成分为15％～40％
粘合剂为15％～40％。
本发明的自动灭火组合物灭火机理如下：
本发明的自动灭火组合物以涂层或贴片形式分布与易着火点周围，当有火灾发生时，会产生大量的热，本发明的自动灭火组合物吸收热量而进行化学反应，生成大量的灭火活性物质，直达火场进行灭火。
与传统的气溶胶发生剂不同，该灭火组合物不需要启动装置，另外，该灭火组合物吸收火灾产生的热量，进行的化学反应为无焰反应，避免了有焰燃烧产生的二次火灾危害。
相对于现有技术，本发明的优势在于：
1)本发明是一种简单、低成本且高度可靠的灭火组合物，制成产品后，无需任何电源，无需专门的烟感/温感探测器，无需复杂的设备及管线。本发明的自动灭火组合物，集探测、控制、启动、灭火单元于一体，结构简单、占用空间小、灭火安全迅速、维护成本低。
2)本发明的自动灭火组合物尤其适用于微小空间早期火情防控，如： 开关柜、变电柜等，仅需将本发明的灭火组合物贴片粘贴或喷涂与易着火点周围，即可有效控制早期火情。
3)本发明的自动灭火组合物无需配备常规的探测及控制单元，不需要启动装置，发生火灾时，该灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质，实现自动灭火功能，安全可靠不会产生二次火灾隐患。
以下是本发明内容的具体实施例，用于阐述本申请文件中所要解决技术问题的技术方案，有助于本领域技术人员理解本发明内容，但本发明技术方案的实现并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
称取22g的酚醛并用18g的酒精将其溶解完全，制成酚醛溶液。
将20g的碳酸氢钠、36g的磷酸二氢铵和22g双氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将酚醛溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片5秒内启动，10秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度294℃，启动后的反应温度为302℃。
实施例2
称取22g的硝化棉并用18g的丙酮将其溶解完全，制成硝化棉溶液。
将22g的硝酸钾、22g的高氯酸钾、11g的碳酸氢钾和22g的三聚氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将硝化棉溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片8秒内启动，13秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度302℃，启动后的反应温度为310℃。
实施例3
称取10g的乙基纤维素并用90g的酒精将其溶解完全，制成乙基纤维素溶液。
将10g的氯酸钾、11g的酒石酸氢钾、5g的硝酸钾和5g硝基胍及5g的碳酸胍用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将乙基纤维素溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀。
用喷枪将混合好的溶液喷至尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面，喷涂厚度为0.3mm，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片4秒内启动，8秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度285℃，启动后的反应温度为 300℃。
实施例4
称取8g的羟丙基甲基纤维素并用92g的水将其溶解完全，制成羟丙基甲基纤维素溶液。
将12g的碳酸锰、7g的高锰酸钾、9g的高氯酸钠和6g偶氮二甲酰胺及4g脲用100目筛混合均匀，然后将羟丙基甲基纤维素溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀。
用喷头将混合好的溶液喷至尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面，喷涂厚度为0.5mm，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片3秒内启动，6秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度280℃，启动后的反应温度为291℃。
实施例5
称取20的聚乙烯醇并用20g的开水将其溶解完全，制成聚乙烯醇溶液。
将56g的硝酸钾和22g的三聚氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将酚醛溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1.5mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ 3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片3秒内启动，5秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度283℃，启动后的反应温度为292℃。
实施例6
称取20g的硝化棉并用20g的丙酮将其溶解完全，制成硝化棉溶液。
将22g的硝酸钾、22g的重铬酸钾、11g的碳酸氢钾和22g的三聚氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将硝化棉溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片6秒内启动，10秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度298℃，启动后的反应温度为305℃。
实施例7
称取10g的酚醛树脂和10g的乙基纤维素并用20g的酒精将其溶解完全，制成酚醛-乙基纤维素溶液。
将13g的氯酸钾、31g的氯酸钠、10g的碳酸氢钾和20g的双氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将酚醛-乙基纤维素溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中， 配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片4秒内启动，8秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度292℃，启动后的反应温度为300℃。
实施例8
称取3g的酚醛和5g虫胶并用92g的酒精将其溶解完全，制成酚醛-虫胶溶液。
将19g的磷酸二氢钾、9g的高氯酸钠和6g偶氮二甲酰胺及4g脲用100目筛混合均匀，然后将酚醛-虫胶素溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀。
用涂料刷，在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面，分次涂刷厚度为0.5mm的组合物层，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片3秒内启动，6秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度297℃，启动后的反应温度为306℃。
实施例9
称取18g的缩醛胶并用22g的酒精将其溶解完全，制成缩醛胶溶液。
将25g的碳酸氢钠、31g的磷酸二氢铵和22g三聚氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将缩醛胶溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺 寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片5秒内启动，8秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度286℃，启动后的反应温度为299℃。
实施例10
称取8g的硝化棉并用92g的丙酮将其溶解完全，制成硝化棉溶液。
将8g的碳酸氢钾、10g的高锰酸钾、9g的高氯酸钾和6g三聚氰胺及4g脲用100目筛混合均匀，然后将硝化棉溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀。
用喷头将混合好的溶液喷至尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面，喷涂厚度为0.5mm，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片3秒内启动，5秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度291℃，启动后的反应温度为302℃。
实施例11
称取20g的硝化棉并用15g的丙酮和5g的环己酮将其溶解完全，制成硝化棉溶液。
将22g的硝酸钾、22g的高氯酸钠、11g的碳酸氢钾和22g的三聚氰胺，用100目筛网混合均匀，然后将硝化棉溶液加入混合后的粉体中，搅拌均匀，压制成1mm的片状结构，晾干待用。
将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察到灭火组合物贴片6秒内启动，10秒内灭火，全过程为无焰反应，测量得到触发温度296℃，启动后的反应温度为303℃。
实施例12
按实施例1-11，分别将晾干的片状灭火组合物裁成3cm*3cm的长方形贴片，用背胶贴在尺寸为10cm(长)*10cm(宽)*20cm(高)配电箱的内表面的顶部，将配成的灭火组合物容易喷涂在配电箱内，将市售气溶胶产品放置在配电柜底部。其中，配电箱的一个侧面的材料用透明有机玻璃，以利于观察灭火情况。将Φ3cm的容器加满正庚烷，放在配电箱底部。点燃正庚烷，观察灭火组合物及市售气溶胶产品启动时间，灭火时间，启动温度，反应温度(启动后的温度)。
| 实施例1-11 | 市售气溶胶产品 | |
| 触发温度/℃ | 280-298 | 580-650 |
| 反应温度/℃ | 291-306 | 700-850 |
| 触发反应时间/s | 3-8 | 8-12 |
| 灭火时间/s | 5-13 | 10-20 |
从表中可以看出，实施例1-11中灭火组合物的触发温度和反应反应温度明显低于市售气溶胶产品，触发反应时间短，灭火迅速，明显优于市售气溶胶灭火产品。
上述实施例仅仅是对本发明优选方案的说明，并不限制本发明。只要在本发明的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都应落入本申请的权利要求书请求保护的范围内。
Claims (11)
- 一种自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：该灭火组合物涂覆于易着火点周围，在发生火灾时，所述自动灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质；该自动灭火组合物包含主灭火成分、产气成分和粘合剂，其按质量百分比计为：主灭火成分30％～65％，产气成分为15％～40％，粘合剂为15％～40％。
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述主灭火成分为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸锰、硝酸钾、酒石酸氢钾，山梨酸钾、高氯酸钾、氯酸钾、高锰酸钾、氯酸钠、高氯酸钠、重铬酸钾、铬酸钾中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述产气成分为双氰胺、三聚氰胺、碳酸胍、偶氮二甲酰胺、硝基胍、磷酸胍、盐酸胍、脲、氨基磺酸胍中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述粘合剂为聚乙烯醇、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、酚醛树脂、虫胶、乙基纤维素、硝化棉、淀粉中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物中各组分所占质量百分比为：主灭火成分40％～60％产气成分为15％～30％粘合剂为15％～30％
- 根据权利要求5所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物中各组分所占质量百分比为：主灭火成分40％～60％产气成分为15％～25％粘合剂为15％～25％
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物采用压制、溶剂晾干成型为片状或条状或柱状或其它易于粘贴的板片状，粘贴于易着火点周围空间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的自动灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物制成涂料，喷涂于易着火点周围空间。
- 一种制造如权利要求7所述自动灭火组合物的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：1)将粘合剂溶于溶剂中，制成质量分数为30％～65％的溶液；2)将主灭火成分和产气成分粉碎至80～200标准目的细度，并按比例要求混合，用80～200目筛过3遍；3)按比例，将粘合剂溶液加入混合好的粉体中，搅拌10min后，静置30min；4)将搅拌好的团状物放入模具中，压制成型。
- 一种制造如权利要求8所述自动灭火组合物的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：1)将粘合剂溶于溶剂中，制成质量分数为5％～20％的溶液；2)将主灭火成分和产气成分粉碎至80～200标准目的细度，并按比例要求混合，并用80～200目筛过3遍；3)按比例，将粘合剂溶液加入混合好的粉体中，搅拌10min，即得。
- 一种利用权利要求1所述灭火组合物的新型灭火方法，其特征在于：将自动灭火组合物涂覆或粘贴于易着火点周围，在发生火灾时，所述自动灭火组合物吸收火场产生的热量而进行自激发式无焰化学反应，产生气体及灭火物质，进而达到灭火目的；所述灭火组合物包含主灭火成分、产气成分和粘合剂，其组分所占质量百分比为：主灭火成分30％～65％产气成分为15％～40％粘合剂为15％～40％。
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| EP4094809A4 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2024-02-28 | Yamato Protec Corp | FIRE EXTINGUISHING SHEET |
| EP4094810A4 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2024-02-28 | Yamato Protec Corp | FIRE EXTINGUISHING SHEET |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107854800A (zh) | 2018-03-30 |
| CN107854800B (zh) | 2020-12-18 |
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