WO2019100883A1 - 一种容栅式数显卷尺 - Google Patents

一种容栅式数显卷尺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100883A1
WO2019100883A1 PCT/CN2018/111316 CN2018111316W WO2019100883A1 WO 2019100883 A1 WO2019100883 A1 WO 2019100883A1 CN 2018111316 W CN2018111316 W CN 2018111316W WO 2019100883 A1 WO2019100883 A1 WO 2019100883A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tape
capacitive
housing
spring
tape cassette
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PCT/CN2018/111316
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李广金
陈叶
吴岳
杨广禄
文夏梅
卢辉
李文爱
Original Assignee
桂林市晶瑞传感技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201711173101.9A external-priority patent/CN107843165A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201721573283.4U external-priority patent/CN207472145U/zh
Application filed by 桂林市晶瑞传感技术有限公司 filed Critical 桂林市晶瑞传感技术有限公司
Priority to US16/639,296 priority Critical patent/US11187514B2/en
Publication of WO2019100883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100883A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/10—Measuring tapes
    • G01B3/1061—Means for displaying or assisting reading of length measurement
    • G01B3/1069—Electronic or mechanical display arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/10—Measuring tapes
    • G01B3/1005—Means for controlling winding or unwinding of tapes
    • G01B3/102—Means for damping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of measuring instruments, in particular to a capacitive grid type digital display tape measure.
  • Hall sensors With the development of modern electronic technology, the length measurement is gradually realized digitally and intelligently.
  • Hall sensors, photoelectric sensors, and capacitive gate sensors are widely used in the field of digital display tapes.
  • the capacitive sensor is worthy of promotion due to its low power consumption.
  • the Chinese utility model patent with the patent number 201220739071.X discloses a digital display tape measure with a laser illuminator on it, which consumes a large amount of power.
  • the accuracy of this patented product depends on the distance between the two points of the through hole which is evenly distributed on the tape and perpendicular to the length direction of the tape. For example, the measurement accuracy is 10 mm when the hole pitch is 5 mm. Too dense holes can increase the processing difficulty, so the accuracy of this tape measure will be severely limited.
  • the utility model patent with the patent number 200320102400.0 discloses a capacitive grid type digital display tape measure, which utilizes a two-piece capacitive grid sensor to measure the tape length by measuring the rotation angle, and the two-piece capacitive gate sensor has a sensor structure.
  • the coaxiality requirement is high, otherwise the measurement accuracy of the capacitive gate sensor cannot be guaranteed.
  • the capacitive gate sensor is coaxial with the barrel, and the angle of rotation of the barrel detected by the capacitive sensor is directly converted into a display code input display by the single-chip microcomputer to complete the measurement of the tape length.
  • the circumference of each winding of the tape is inconsistent (the outer ring is large and the inner ring is small), and the measuring range of the product is larger, and the more the number of winding turns, the larger the deviation value is directly Affects the measurement accuracy of the capacitive digital display tape measure.
  • This coaxial structure does not guarantee the uniformity of the tape winding, and the winding tightness affects the repeatability and reliability of the measurement results.
  • the capacitive grid sensor is mounted on the toothed rotating wheel, and the rounded hole with equal distance is arranged on the tape to cooperate with the gear rotation. The processing of the measuring tape is difficult, and the processing of the round hole on the tape is processed. Accuracy directly affects measurement accuracy. And this structure is not suitable for various types of tapes (such as tape).
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a capacitive grid type digital display tape measure.
  • a capacitive grid type digital display tape measure comprising a casing, a tape cassette, a tape, a capacitive sensor and a single chip
  • the housing is provided with a rotatable axis along the axial direction thereof a central axis, the tape cassette coaxially fastened to the central axis and corresponding to the position of the rear side of the housing, and a spring that is pre-tensioned therein is provided in the tape cassette
  • the tape is wound around a groove in the outer circumference of the tape cartridge, and one end thereof protrudes to the outside through an outlet on the side wall of the casing;
  • the capacitive sensor is located in the casing near the front side a position, and the capacitive sensor is disposed coaxially with the tape cartridge for measuring a rotation angle of the tape cartridge, and the single chip is on the capacitive sensor and is rotated by a capacitive sensor An angle is used to derive a measured length of the tape, and
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the movable grid sensor moving grid is fixed on the central axis fixed to the tape cassette, and rotates with the tape cassette, so that the capacitive sensor can reliably measure the pulling change of the tape and improve the measurement. Reliability and long-term stability.
  • the self-adjusting mechanism automatically adjusts the speed at which the tape extends out of the casing or shrinks into the casing, preventing the tape from extending out of the casing or shrinking the casing too fast, so that the response speed of the capacitive sensor can not keep up, which affects the measurement. result.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows:
  • a length value corresponding to the expansion of the tape is measured every N pitch angle by means of factory calibration, and the value of the N-pitch angle of the capacitive sensor and the length of the tape expansion are in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the MCU is stored in the MCU, and the electronic digital scale of the tape is formed in the MCU.
  • the advantageous effect of adopting the above further technical solution is to overcome the precision error caused by the inconsistency of the winding circumference of each ring of the tape.
  • the single-chip microcomputer compares the memory of the zero position in the pitch of the starting position of the capacitive gate sensor with the current position of the tape to detect whether the tape has a self-checking function, and displays through the display screen. Test results.
  • the self-adjusting mechanism includes a revolving pin and a speed limiting lever; the revolving pin is at a corresponding position on the inner wall of the housing, and a central portion of the speed limiting lever is rotatably mounted on the rotating pin, and One end of the speed limiting rod abuts against an outer circumference of the tape cassette, and the other end of the speed limiting rod extends obliquely to abut the portion of the tape between the tape cassette and the outlet.
  • a further advantage of the above further solution is that the revolving and speed limiting levers form a lever mechanism that utilizes the lever principle to control the rate of contraction of the tape.
  • the method further includes: performing a spring-loaded pre-tightening disk of the spring tape to the tape cassette by rotating when assembling the tape measure, the spring pre-tightening disk being at an end of the central axis and corresponding to a position inside the tape cassette; the spring is between the spring pre-tightening disk and the tape cassette, and one end of the spring is fixed on an outer circumference of the spring pre-tightening plate The other end is fixed on the inner circumference of the tape cassette; and the spring pre-tightening plate is further provided with a spring pre-tightening plate after the spring is pre-tightened by the spring Reserved hole.
  • the advantageous effect of adopting the above further solution is that by setting the spring pre-tightening disc structure, the pre-tightening of the spring is not affected by the structure of the casing, and assembly efficiency can be improved.
  • a first ball bearing is disposed between the spring pre-tightening disc and the end of the central shaft.
  • the capacitive gate sensor further includes a transmitting board and a receiving function board; the transmitting board, the moving grid and the receiving function board are sequentially away from the central axis along a direction from the inside of the housing to the outside of the housing. a position of one end of the tape cassette, and the emitter plate, the movable grid and the receiving function are disposed coaxially with the tape cassette; a second ball is disposed between the transmitting plate and the center shaft a bearing fixed to the central shaft and rotating synchronously with the central shaft, the receiving function plate being fixed on an inner wall of the front of the housing; the display screen being mounted on the receiving function board
  • the receiving function board is further provided with a single chip and a button that protrudes out of the housing and is used to select a measurement mode.
  • the capacitive gate sensor is a three-piece structure composed of a transmitting plate, a moving grid and a receiving function board, which reduces assembly difficulty and improves production efficiency with respect to the two-piece capacitive gate sensor.
  • the single-chip microcomputer is used for the storage of the calibration data, and the length corresponding to each fixed angle of the tape is obtained by the single-chip computer according to the rotation angle of the tape cassette measured by the capacitive sensor, thereby obtaining the measurement length of the tape.
  • the rotating structure of the double ball bearing that is, the first ball bearing and the second ball bearing, reduces the frictional force of the rotation of the tape cassette and controls the stability of the rotation of the tape cassette.
  • the button includes an accumulated measurement button, and the cumulative measurement button accumulates the plurality of measurements and obtains the measured value by controlling, by the single-chip microcomputer, the next measurement as the starting point.
  • the beneficial effect of using the above further technical solution is to increase the measurement range of the digital display tape measure.
  • the housing includes a front cover, a seat and a rear cover; the front cover and the rear cover are spaced apart from each other, and the support is between the front cover and the rear cover and connects the two stand up.
  • the tape is a steel strip, a PVC plastic fiber tape or a flexible tape.
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the back cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • a capacitive-type digital display tape measure includes a casing, a tape cassette 1, a tape, a capacitive sensor, and a single chip microcomputer.
  • the housing includes a front cover 14, a support 15 and a rear cover 16; the front cover 14 and the rear cover 16 are spaced back and forth, and the support 15 is in the front cover 14 and the rear cover 16 And connect the two together.
  • a rotatable central shaft 3 is disposed in the housing along the axial direction thereof, and the tape cassette 1 is coaxially fixed on the central shaft 3 and corresponds to a position on the rear side of the housing.
  • the tape cartridge 1 is provided with a spring 4 for pre-tightening; the tape 2 is wound around a groove collected on the outer circumference of the tape cartridge 1, and one end thereof passes through an outlet on the side wall of the casing Extend to the outside.
  • the tape 2 is a steel strip, a PVC plastic fiber tape or a flexible tape.
  • the capacitive gate sensor is located in the housing near the front side, and the capacitive sensor is coaxially disposed with the tape cassette 1 for measuring a rotation angle of the middle tape cassette 1, the single chip microcomputer Determining the measured length of the tape 2 on the capacitive sensor and measuring the rotation angle measured by the capacitive sensor, and displaying a display length of the measured length of the capacitive sensor on the front of the housing Screen 5.
  • a self-adjusting mechanism for adjusting the speed at which the tape 2 projects out of the casing or shrinks into the casing is provided at a position corresponding to the outlet of the inner wall of the casing.
  • the self-adjusting mechanism includes a revolving pole 6 and a speed limiting rod 7; the revolving pin 6 is at a corresponding position on the inner wall of the casing, and a central portion of the speed limiting lever 7 is rotatably mounted on the revolving pin 6 Above, and one end of the speed limiting rod 7 abuts against the outer circumference of the tape cassette 1, and the other end thereof extends obliquely to abut against the portion of the tape 2 between the tape cassette 1 and the outlet.
  • the reversing pin 6 and the speed limiting lever 7 form a lever mechanism.
  • the lower limit lever 7 rotates counterclockwise along the rotating pin 6 under the action of the tensile force (refer to FIG. 2).
  • One end of the rod 6 is separated from the outer circumference of the tape cassette 1 to achieve a relaxing effect, and does not affect the stretching of the tape 2; when the tape is contracted, the tape cassette 1 rotates clockwise under the action of the contraction force of the spring 4, and the speed limit lever 7 Rotating counterclockwise along the reversing pin 6 (refer to FIG.
  • the shrinkage speed of the tape 2 can be controlled, and the principle of the lever is used to control the shrinkage speed of the tape 2, preventing the tape 2 from protruding out of the casing or shrinking the casing too fast, resulting in the capacitive sensor The response speed cannot keep up with the measurement results.
  • the capacitive-type digital display tape measure further comprises a spring pre-tightening disk 8 for pre-tightening the spring tape 4 by the rotation of the tape cassette 1 when the tape measure is assembled, the spring pre-tightening disk 8 being in the At the end of the center shaft 3 and corresponding to the inside of the tape cassette 1, a first ball bearing 9 is provided between the spring pretensioning disc 8 and the end of the center shaft 3.
  • the spring 4 is between the spring pretensioning disc 8 and the tape cassette 1, and one end of the spring 4 is fixed on the outer circumference of the spring pretensioning disc 8, and the other end is fixed.
  • the spring pre-tensioning disk 8 On the inner circumference of the tape cassette 1; on the spring pre-tensioning disk 8, there is further provided a pre-position for positioning the tape cassette 1 after the spring 4 is pre-tensioned by rotation. Leave a hole.
  • the spring pre-tightening disc 8 By setting the structure of the spring pre-tightening disc 8, the fixed end of the spring 4 is first mounted on the spring pre-tightening disc 8, and the spring pre-tightening disc 8 is rotated to pre-tighten the spring 4, and then the spring pre-tightening disc 8 is passed.
  • the reserved process hole that is, the reserved hole, is pre-positioned by one (or two) tool positioning axes, and the spring pre-tightening plate 8 is caught by the rear cover 16 when the rear cover 16 of the housing is assembled.
  • the spring 4 is mounted on the spring preloading disc 8 and directly mounted on the rear cover 16, since the spring pre-tightening disc 8 is smaller than the spring winding, and the rear cover 16 is larger than the spring winding.
  • the manner in which the pre-tightening disc 8 is assembled with the spring 4 is much smaller than the blind area in which the rear cover 16 is directly assembled with the spring 4, and the assembly efficiency can be improved.
  • the capacitive gate sensor includes a transmitting plate 10, a moving gate 11 and a receiving function board 12; the transmitting board 10, the moving gate 11 and the receiving function board 12 are sequentially located along the inside of the housing to the outside of the housing
  • the center shaft 3 is away from the end of the tape cassette 1 and the transmitting plate 10, the moving grid 11 and the receiving function 12 are disposed coaxially with the tape cassette 1.
  • a second ball bearing 17 is disposed between the transmitting plate 10 and the center shaft 3, and the moving gate 11 is fixed on the central shaft 3 fixed to the tape cassette 1, and the receiving function board 12 is fixed.
  • the capacitive gate sensor is a three-piece structure composed of a transmitting plate 10, a moving gate 11 and a receiving function plate 12, and the plate spacing can be larger than that of the two-piece capacitive gate sensor, thereby reducing assembly difficulty and improving production efficiency. .
  • the present invention has made the following improvements:
  • the capacitive grid sensor measures a length value corresponding to the expansion of the tape 2 by the N-pitch angle by means of factory calibration, and the length value of the N-pitch angle of the capacitive sensor and the expansion of the tape 2 is one by one.
  • the corresponding form is stored in the single chip microcomputer, and the electronic digital scale of the tape 2 is formed in the single chip microcomputer.
  • the MCU reads the length value corresponding to the angle value from the MCU according to the rotation angle of the capacitance sensor, and then calculates the length value corresponding to the angle less than the N pitch angle by means of linear proportional conversion. , the two can be combined to achieve measurement. According to the above method of calibration, it is possible to overcome the accuracy error of the inconsistent introduction of the winding circumference of each tape. The smaller the N value, the higher the accuracy of the digital tape measure.
  • the tape setting of the capacitive digital tape measure is usually short, and many measurement occasions require a large range of measurement, in order to improve the digital display tape measure.
  • the measurement range can also be measured by means of accumulation.
  • the cumulative measurement is implemented as follows:
  • the measurement button When the first measurement is completed, the measurement button is operated, and the digital tape measure will display the first measurement data a 1 fixedly. At this time, the user operates the accumulated measurement button, and the product enters the cumulative measurement mode, and the tape zero position is updated to a 1 The next measurement will accumulate the measurement with a 1 as the starting point. When finished, press the measurement button, and the display tape will display the accumulated measurement data a 2 ,...
  • the capacitive sensor Since the capacitive sensor is used for angle measurement and counting in the manner of increasing the angular pitch, if there is a problem with the tape returning to zero, it will affect the correspondence between the angle value measured by the capacitive sensor and the electronic scale stored in the microcontroller. A calculation error occurs; for this reason, according to the uniqueness of the angle value of the single chip in the pitch, the present invention ensures that the angle value measured by the capacitive sensor and the factory mark are stored in the single chip microcomputer by checking the zero return self-checking function of the tape.
  • the single-chip microcomputer will be within the pitch of the pitch sensor in the pitch of the current tape 2 returning position and the pitch of the corresponding tape zero position recorded at the factory calibration starting position
  • the angle values are compared to achieve a self-test function for whether or not the tape 2 is zeroed, and the result of the self-test is displayed through the display screen 5.
  • the MCU detects the current position of the tape and makes the position and the zero position of the memory of the capacitive sensor starting position. Comparing, it can be judged whether the tape is returned to zero, and the tape will be reported on the display 5 when the tape fails to return to zero.
  • the user only needs to re-stretch and shrink the tape 2 until the tape 2 is returned to zero and can be used.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tape Measures (AREA)

Abstract

一种容栅式数显卷尺，包括壳体、尺带盒（1）、尺带（2）和容栅传感器，所述壳体内的沿其轴向设有可转动的中轴（3），所述尺带盒（1）通过所述中轴（3）安装在所述壳体内靠近壳体后面的一侧，在所述尺带盒（1）内设有对其进行预紧的发条（4）；所述尺带缠绕收集在所述尺带盒（1）外圆周的凹槽内；所述容栅传感器处于所述壳体内靠近壳体前面的一侧并通过测量所述中轴的转动角度来得出尺带的测量长度；所述壳体内壁对应所述出口的位置处设有用于调节所述尺带伸出到壳体外或者收缩到壳体内的速度的自调机构。通过自调机构自动调整尺带伸出到壳体外或者收缩到壳体内的速度，防止尺带伸出壳体外或收缩壳体内的速度过快，导致容栅传感器的响应速度跟不上而影响测量结果。

Description

一种容栅式数显卷尺 技术领域
本发明涉及测量仪器领域，具体涉及一种容栅式数显卷尺。
背景技术
随着现代电子技术的发展，长度测量也逐渐实现的数字化，智能化。霍尔传感器、光电传感器、容栅传感器都在数显卷尺领域被广泛应用，容栅传感器由于它低功耗的特性更值得推广。
专利号为201220739071.X的中国实用新型专利公开了一种数显卷尺，其上设有激光照射器，功耗很大。此专利产品的精度取决于其尺带上设置的均匀分布的与尺带长度方向垂直的通孔两点间的距离，如小孔间距5mm则测量精度为10mm。小孔过于密集会增加加工难度，因此这款卷尺的精度会严重受制。
专利号为200320102400.0的中国实用新型专利公开了一种容栅式数显卷尺，其利用两片式容栅传感器通过测量转动角度实现尺带长度的测量功能，两片式容栅传感器对传感器结构的同轴性要求较高，否则不能保证容栅传感器的测量精度。其实施例1中容栅传感器与发条盒同轴，将容栅传感器检测的发条盒转动的角度直接经单片机转换成显示码输入显示器以完成尺带长度的测量。此实施例中没有考虑到尺带缠绕每一圈的周长是不一致的(外圈大，内圈小)，产品的测量范围越大，缠绕圈数越多，该偏差值就越大，直接影响了容栅式数显卷尺的测量精度。这种同轴结构无法保证尺带缠绕的一致性，其缠绕松紧不一影响测量结果的重复性和可靠性。其实施例2中，容栅传感器装在带齿转动轮上，尺带上开有等距离的圆孔以配合齿轮转 动，这种结构尺带的加工难度较大，尺带上圆孔的加工精度直接会影响测量精度。且这种结构并不适应于各种不同形式的尺带(比如线带)。
发明内容
综上所述，为克服现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种容栅式数显卷尺。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种容栅式数显卷尺，包括壳体、尺带盒、尺带、容栅传感器和单片机，所述壳体内的沿其轴向设有可转动的中轴，所述尺带盒同轴线固连在所述中轴上且对应所述壳体内后侧的位置，在所述尺带盒内设有对其进行预紧的发条；所述尺带缠绕收集在所述尺带盒外圆周的凹槽内，并且其一端通过所述壳体侧壁上的出口伸出到外部；所述容栅传感器处于所述壳体内靠近前侧的位置，并且所述容栅传感器与所述尺带盒同轴线设置用于测量出所述尺带盒的转动角度，所述单片机处于所述容栅传感器上并通过容栅传感器测量出的转动角度来得出尺带的测量长度，在所述壳体的前面设有将所述容栅传感器得出的测量长度显示出来的显示屏；所述容栅传感器的动栅固定在与所述尺带盒固连的中轴上，所述壳体内壁对应所述出口的位置处设有用于调节所述尺带伸出到壳体外或者收缩到壳体内的速度的自调机构。
本发明的有益效果是：容栅传感器动栅固定在与所述尺带盒固连的中轴上，随尺带盒一起转动，能保证容栅传感器可靠地测量尺带的拉动变化，提高测量的可靠性和长期稳定性。通过自调机构自动调整尺带伸出到壳体外或者收缩到壳体内的速度，防止尺带伸出壳体外或收缩壳体内的速度过快，导致容栅传感器的响应速度跟不上而影响测量结果。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：
进一步，通过出厂校准的方式按每N节距角度计量一个对应所述尺带展开的长度值，并将容栅传感器每N节距角度与所述尺带展开的长度值以一一对应的形式存入单片机，在单片机内形成所述尺带的电子数字刻度。
采用上述进一步技术方案的有益效果为：克服尺带每一圈缠绕周长不一致而产生的精度误差。
进一步，所述单片机将对容栅传感器起始位置节距内零位位置的记忆与尺带当前位置做比较，以检测所述尺带是否归零的自检功能，并通过所述显示屏显示出检测结果。
采用上述进一步技术方案的有益效果为：判断尺带是否归零，保证测量的准确性。
进一步，所述自调机构包括转销和限速杆；所述转销处于所述壳体内壁上相应的位置处，所述限速杆的中部可转动的安装在所述转销上，并且所述限速杆的一端抵住所述尺带盒的外周，其另一端斜向延伸后抵住所述尺带处于所述尺带盒和所述出口之间的部分。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：转销和限速杆形成一杠杆机构，其利用杠杆原理来使尺带的收缩速度得到控制。
进一步，还包括在装配卷尺时通过转动来完成所述发条对所述尺带盒的预紧的发条预紧盘，所述发条预紧盘处于所述中轴的端部且对应所述尺带盒内部的位置处；所述发条处于所述发条预紧盘和所述尺带盒之间，并且所述发条的一端固定在所述发条预紧盘的外周上，其另一端固定在所述尺带盒的内周上；在所述发条预紧盘上还设有在所述发条对所述尺带盒完成预紧后将发条预紧盘定位的预留孔。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：通过设置发条预紧盘结构，发条的预紧不受壳体结构的影响，并且可提高装配效率。
进一步，所述发条预紧盘与所述中轴的端部之间设有第一滚珠轴承。
进一步，所述容栅传感器还包括发射板和接收功能板；所述发射板、所述动栅和所述接收功能板沿着所述壳体内到壳体外的方向依次处于所述中轴远离所述尺带盒一端的位置处，并且所述发射板、所述动栅和所述接收功能与所述尺带盒同轴设置；所述发射板与所述中轴之间设有第二滚珠轴承，所述动栅固定在所述中轴上并与中轴同步转动，所述接收功能板固定在所述壳体前面的内壁上；所述显示屏安装在所述接收功能板上，所述接收功能板上还设有单片机以及伸出到所述壳体外并用于选择测量模式的按键。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：该容栅传感器为由发射板、动栅和接收功能板组成的三片式结构，其相对于两片式容栅传感器而言降低了装配难度，提高生产效率。单片机用于标定数据的储存，通过单片机根据容栅传感器测得的尺带盒的转动角度来求得尺带的各定角对应的长度，从而求得尺带的测量长度。采用双滚珠轴承的转动结构，即第一滚珠轴承和第二滚珠轴承，减少尺带盒转动的摩擦力及控制尺带盒转动的稳定性。
进一步，所述按键包括累加测量按键，所述累积测量按键通过单片机控制下一次测量以上一次测量为起点来累加多次测量并得到测量值。
采用上述进一步技术方案的有益效果为：提高数显卷尺的测量范围。
进一步，所述壳体包括前盖、支座和后盖；所述前盖和所述后盖前后间隔设置，所述支座处于所述前盖和所述后盖之间并将两者连接起来。
进一步，所述尺带为钢带、PVC塑料纤维尺带或者柔性线带。
附图说明
图1为本发明三维结构图；
图2为本发明后盖局部剖视图；
图3为本发明的剖视图。
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：
1、尺带盒，2、尺带，3、中轴，4、发条，5、显示屏，6、转销，7、调节杆，8、发条预紧盒，9、第一滚珠轴承，10、发射板，11、动栅，12、接收功能板，13、按键，14、前盖，15、支座，16、后盖，17、第二滚珠轴承。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
如图1-3所示，一种容栅式数显卷尺，包括壳体、尺带盒1、尺带2、容栅传感器和单片机。所述壳体包括前盖14、支座15和后盖16；所述前盖14和所述后盖16前后间隔设置，所述支座15处于所述前盖14和所述后盖16之间并将两者连接起来。所述壳体内的沿其轴向设有可转动的中轴3，所述尺带盒1同轴固连在所述中轴3上且对应所述壳体内后侧的位置，在所述尺带盒1内设有对其进行预紧的发条4；所述尺带2缠绕收集在所述尺带盒1外圆周的凹槽内，并且其一端通过所述壳体侧壁上的出口伸出到外部。所述尺带2为钢带、PVC塑料纤维尺带或者柔性线带。所述容栅传感器处于所述壳体内靠近前侧的位置，并且所述容栅传感器与所述尺带盒1同轴线设置用于测量所述中尺带盒1的转动角度，所述单片机处于所述容栅传感器上并通过容栅传感器测量出的转动角度来得出尺带2的测量长度，在所述壳体的前面设有将所述容栅传感器得出的测量长度显示出来的显示屏5。所述壳体内壁对应所述出口的位置处设有用于调节所述尺带2伸出到壳体外或者收缩到壳体内的速度的自调机构。所述自调机构包括转销6和限速杆7；所述转销6处于所述壳体内壁上相应的位置处，所述限速杆7的中部可转动的安装 在所述转销6上，并且所述限速杆7的一端抵住所述尺带盒1的外周，其另一端斜向延伸后抵住所述尺带2处于所述尺带盒1和所述出口之间的部分。转销6和限速杆7形成一杠杆机构，尺带2拉伸时，在拉伸力的作用下限速杆7沿着转销6做逆时针转动(参照图2)，此时限速杆6的一端脱离尺带盒1的外周达到放松效果，不影响尺带2的拉伸；尺带收缩时，在发条4收缩力的作用下尺带盒1顺时针转动，限速杆7沿着转销6做逆时针转动(参照图2)，此时限速杆7的一端会抵住尺带盒1的外周以达到夹紧效果，在限速杆6与尺带盒1外周的摩擦力作用下，尺带2的收缩速度可得到控制，利用杠杆原理来使尺带2的收缩速度得到控制，防止尺带2伸出壳体外或收缩壳体内的速度过快，导致容栅传感器的响应速度跟不上而影响测量结果。
该容栅式数显卷尺还包括在装配卷尺时通过转动来完成所述发条4对所述尺带盒1的预紧的发条预紧盘8，所述发条预紧盘8处于所述中轴3的端部且对应所述尺带盒1内部的位置处，所述发条预紧盘8与所述中轴3的端部之间设有第一滚珠轴承9。所述发条4处于所述发条预紧盘8和所述尺带盒1之间，并且所述发条4的一端固定在所述发条预紧盘8的外周上，其另一端固定在所述尺带盒1的内周上；在所述发条预紧盘8上还设有在通过转动完成所述发条4对所述尺带盒1的预紧后将其定位的预留孔。通过设置发条预紧盘8结构，先把发条4的固定端装在发条预紧盘8上，转动发条预紧盘8使发条4预紧，再通过发条预紧盘8预留的工艺孔即预留孔用一(或两)根工装定位轴将发条预紧盘8预定位，当壳体的后盖16装配时发条预紧盘8被后盖16卡住，从而保留发条4预紧。同时，发条4装在发条预紧盘8上和直接装在后盖16上相比，由于发条预紧盘8比发条卷圆小，而后盖16比发条卷圆大，发条预紧盘8装配发条4的方式比后盖16直接装配发条4的方式盲区小很多，可提高装配效率。
所述容栅传感器包括发射板10、动栅11和接收功能板12；所述发射板 10、所述动栅11和所述接收功能板12沿着所述壳体内到壳体外的方向依次处于所述中轴3远离所述尺带盒1一端的位置处，并且并且所述发射板10、所述动栅11和所述接收功能12与所述尺带盒1同轴设置。所述发射板10与所述中轴3之间设有第二滚珠轴承17，所述动栅11固定在与所述尺带盒1固连的中轴3上，所述接收功能板12固定在所述壳体前面的内壁上；所述显示屏5安装在所述接收功能板12上，所述接收功能板12上还设有单片机以及伸出到所述壳体外并用于选择测量模式的按键13。该容栅传感器为由发射板10、动栅11和接收功能板12组成的三片式结构，其相对于两片式容栅传感器，板间距可以更大，从而降低了装配难度，提高生产效率。
由于尺带2以缠绕的方式缠绕在发条盒1的外圆周上，尺带2缠绕的每一圈的周长是不一致的，容栅传感器通过测量中轴3转动的角度转换成周长从而实现长度的测量。以上测量原理如按线性比例转换不可避免存在测量误差，为克服以上技术问题，通用做法是采用阿基米德螺旋线进行计算，但是此算法要求尺带缠绕必须是完美的螺旋线，现实使用中是无法达到的，不利于推广及应用，为克服以上不足，本发明特做以下改进：
容栅传感器通过出厂校准的方式按每N节距角度计量一个对应所述尺带2展开的长度值，并将容栅传感器每N节距角度与所述尺带2展开的长度值以一一对应的形式存入单片机，在单片机内形成所述尺带2的电子数字刻度。测量时，单片机根据容栅传感器的转动角度，然后通过查表的方式从单片机里读出该角度值对应的长度值，小于N节距角度对应的长度值则通过按线性比例转换的方式进行计算，将这两项合并即可实现测量。按照上面的方式校准，可以克服尺带每一圈缠绕周长不一致导入的精度误差。N值越小，数显卷尺的精度就越高。
因为尺带缠绕圈数太多会影响容栅式数显卷尺的测量精度，容栅式数显卷尺的尺带设置通常都比较短，而很多测量场合需要大量程的测量，为提高 数显卷尺的测量范围，还可以通过累加的方式进行测量，累加测量实现方式如下：
当完成第一次测量时，操作测量按键，数显卷尺会固定显示第一次的测量数据a 1，此时用户操作累加测量按键，产品则进入累加测量模式，卷尺零位会更新为a 1，下次测量则会以a 1为起点累加测量，完成时按测量按键，显卷尺会固定显示两次的累加测量数据a 2，...。
由于容栅传感器是以角度节距数累加的方式进行角度测量计数的，如尺带回零存在问题，则会影响容栅传感器测量的角度值与出厂标记在单片机内存储的电子刻度的对应关系，发生计算错误；为此，根据单片机在节距内角度值唯一性的特点，本发明通过检查尺带的归零自检功能，保证容栅传感器测量的角度值与出厂标记在单片机内存储的电子刻度的对应关系；具体如下：所述单片机将对容栅传感器在当前尺带2归零位置的节距内角度值与出厂标定起始位置时记录的对应尺带零位位置的节距内角度值做比较，以实现对所述尺带2是否归零的自检功能，并通过所述显示屏5显示出自检的结果。当尺带收缩没有归零(如尺带缠绕松、尺带内部卷曲等)，单片机检测出尺带的当前位置，并将该位置与其记忆的容栅传感器起始位置节距内零位位置做比较，即可判断尺带是否归零，尺带归零失败时会在显示屏5上报错。此时，用户只需要重新拉伸并收缩尺带2直到尺带2归零合格即可使用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种容栅式数显卷尺，包括壳体、尺带盒(1)、尺带(2)、容栅传感器和单片机，所述壳体内沿其轴向设有可转动的中轴(3)，所述尺带盒(1)同轴线固连在所述中轴(3)上且对应所述壳体内后侧的位置，在所述尺带盒(1)内设有对其进行预紧的发条(4)；所述尺带(2)缠绕收集在所述尺带盒(1)外圆周的凹槽内，并且其一端通过所述壳体侧壁上的出口伸出到外部；所述容栅传感器处于所述壳体内靠近前侧的位置，并且所述容栅传感器与所述尺带盒(1)同轴线设置用于测量出所述尺带盒(1)的转动角度，所述单片机处于所述容栅传感器上并通过容栅传感器测量出的转动角度来得出尺带(2)的测量长度，在所述壳体的前面设有将所述容栅传感器得出的测量长度显示出来的显示屏(5)；其特征在于，所述容栅传感器的动栅(11)固定在与所述尺带盒(1)固连的中轴(3)上，所述壳体内壁对应所述出口的位置处设有用于调节所述尺带(2)伸出到壳体外或者收缩到壳体内的速度的自调机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述容栅传感器通过出厂校准的方式按每N节距角度计量一个对应所述尺带(2)展开的长度值，并将容栅传感器每N节距角度与所述尺带(2)展开的长度值以一一对应的形式存入单片机，在单片机内形成所述尺带(2)的电子数字刻度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述单片机将对容栅传感器起始位置节距内零位位置的记忆与尺带(2)当前位置做比较，以检测所述尺带(2)是否归零，并通过所述显示屏(5)显示出检测结果。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述自调机 构包括转销(6)和限速杆(7)；所述转销(6)处于所述壳体内壁上相应的位置处，所述限速杆(7)的中部可转动的安装在所述转销(6)上，并且所述限速杆(7)的一端抵住所述尺带盒(1)的外周，其另一端斜向延伸后抵住所述尺带(2)处于所述尺带盒(1)和所述出口之间的部分。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，还包括在装配卷尺时通过转动来完成所述发条(4)对所述尺带盒(1)的预紧的发条预紧盘(8)，所述发条预紧盘(8)处于所述中轴(3)的端部且对应所述尺带盒(1)内部的位置处；所述发条(4)处于所述发条预紧盘(8)和所述尺带盒(1)之间，并且所述发条(4)的一端固定在所述发条预紧盘(8)的外周上，其另一端固定在所述尺带盒(1)的内周上；在所述发条预紧盘(8)上还设有在所述发条(4)对所述尺带盒(1)完成预紧后再将发条预紧盘(8)定位的预留孔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述发条预紧盘(8)与所述中轴(3)的端部之间设有第一滚珠轴承(9)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述容栅传感器还包括发射板(10)和接收功能板(12)；所述发射板(10)、所述动栅(11)和所述接收功能板(12)沿着所述壳体内到壳体外的方向依次处于所述中轴(3)远离所述尺带盒(1)一端的位置处，并且所述发射板(10)、所述动栅(11)和所述接收功能(12)与所述尺带盒(1)同轴设置；所述发射板(10)与所述中轴(3)之间设有第二滚珠轴承(17)，所述动栅(11)固定在所述中轴(3)上并与中轴(3)同步转动，所述接收功能板(12)固定在所述壳体前面的内壁上；所述显示屏(5)安装在所述接收功能板(12)上，所述接收功能板(12)上还设有所述单片机以及伸出到所述壳体外并用于选择测量模式的按键(13)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述按键(13) 包括累加测量按键，所述累积测量按键通过单片机控制下一次测量以上一次测量为起点来累加多次测量并得到测量值。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述壳体包括前盖(14)、支座(15)和后盖(16)；所述前盖(14)和所述后盖(16)前后间隔设置，所述支座(15)处于所述前盖(14)和所述后盖(16)之间并将两者连接起来。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的容栅式数显卷尺，其特征在于，所述尺带(2)为钢带、PVC塑料纤维尺带或者柔性线带。
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