WO2019100363A1 - 塑料的生物降解方法 - Google Patents

塑料的生物降解方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100363A1
WO2019100363A1 PCT/CN2017/113041 CN2017113041W WO2019100363A1 WO 2019100363 A1 WO2019100363 A1 WO 2019100363A1 CN 2017113041 W CN2017113041 W CN 2017113041W WO 2019100363 A1 WO2019100363 A1 WO 2019100363A1
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Prior art keywords
cfu
colonies
total number
plastic
soaking
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PCT/CN2017/113041
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄慧禅
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黄慧禅
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/113041 priority Critical patent/WO2019100363A1/zh
Publication of WO2019100363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100363A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L17/00—Compositions of reclaimed rubber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a biodegradation method for plastics.
  • Plastic foam is not easy to be decomposed in nature, and is not easily degraded by microorganisms. Even if it is buried deeply, it will pollute the groundwater source, destroy the soil structure, and reduce the production of food crops. Therefore, the plastic foam must be treated.
  • the common method for treating plastic foam is incineration treatment.
  • the incineration treatment can handle a large amount of plastic foam, a large amount of toxic gas is generated during the incineration process, which seriously pollutes the air and the atmosphere. Therefore, we must find an effective way to solve the "white pollution.”
  • the present invention provides a biodegradation method for plastics, which enables the plastic to be recycled and reused conveniently. After the waste plastics are recycled, they can be re-formed into products, and can also be made into gasoline and diesel to effectively solve the plastic pollution. Environmental and social problems brought about.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a biodegradation method of plastic, characterized in that it comprises the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is placed in the soaking solution for 24 to 72 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 37-60 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 comprises the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 8-17, sodium hydroxide 6-11, luteolin 13-19, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 11-21, triethanolamine 9-17 , resveratrol 3-9, mannitol 4-8.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.21 moL/L to 0.39 moL/L.
  • the soaking liquid in the invention can be combined with the functional group of the network skeleton of the three-dimensional structure of the plastic raw material, so that the tightness of the three-dimensional structure is reduced, the structure becomes loose, and the infiltration of the subsequent fungi is facilitated to more comprehensive contact degradation.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.6 ⁇ 10 6 -2.8 ⁇ 10 8 cfu/g, and degrading the fermentation at 25-36° C., pH 6.8-8.0. 7-10 days.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubingus 8-17, Cladosporium 11-21, Streptomyces lividans 21-34, Simple green fungus 4-19, medium 36 -53; the total number of colonies of Aspergillus tubingus is 3.6 ⁇ 10 4 - 5.3 ⁇ 10 5 cfu / g; the total number of colonies of the bacillus bacillus is 1.6 ⁇ 10 5 - 3.7 ⁇ 10 6 cfu / g; The total number of colonies of Streptomyces fuliginea is 2.2 ⁇ 10 6 -1.7 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the simple strain is 5.4 ⁇ 10 4 -6.1 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • the strain used in the mixed bacterial liquid, the Aspergillus tubingensis after research, it is found that Aspergillus tubing can grow on the surface of the polyurethane and generate enzymes through the enzymes and plastics produced during the growth process. The reaction destroys the chemical bonds between the plastic molecules or between the polymers; at the same time, the fungus also utilizes the physical strength of its hyphae to help "crack" the plastic polymer.
  • Cladosporium cladosporoides It has been found through research that Cladosporium is a mold capable of producing conidia and belongs to one of the deuteromycetes. It is a mold that is common both indoors and outdoors. The color is dark green, so it is often confused with Aspergillus. However, the difference between Cladosporium and Penicillium and Aspergillus is that the hyphae also bear color, and the colony as a whole appears dark.
  • the Streptomycesiakyyrus spore silk 3-8 circles narrow spiral, most of which are quite close.
  • the spores are spherical, elliptical, with a rather long thorn on the surface.
  • Sucrose nitrate agar gas white, followed by creamy, gray rose.
  • the base is green on the reverse side. Soluble pigment yellow-green.
  • Synthetic agar air silk is initially white, then light gray. The base is good. The soluble pigment is light green.
  • Glucose aspartate agar air silk is initially white, then light gray. The base is good and the back is green. Soluble pigment yellow-green.
  • Starch agar air silk is initially white, and then creamy to gray. The base is good.
  • the soluble pigment is light green.
  • Glycerol aspartate agar (ISP), inorganic salt starch agar (ISP), yeast malt extract agar (ISP), oatmeal agar (ISP) gas white, light gray reddish brown, grayish yellow pink.
  • the base of the base is greenish yellow, olive gray, olive or olive brown.
  • the soluble pigment is yellow to yellowish green and is not sensitive to pH.
  • Nutritional agar The gas is white, rarely. The base yarn is colorless to slightly green. Soluble pigmented chestnut brown. Oatmeal agar: air silk is initially white, then light gray. The base of the base is white to light gray. Soluble pigment yellow-green.
  • Potato block the gas is white and the cream is light gray.
  • Soluble pigment dark chestnut brown Gelatin liquefaction is fast. Milk is degenerate. Starch hydrolysis is fast. Nitrate reduction. Produces melanin and H2S. Tyrosinase is weak or absent. Use xylose, sucrose, rhamnose, raffinose, mannitol, and lactose, dextrin, salicin, sodium citrate. Take advantage of all 9 ISP carbon sources. Inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, yeast fungi. The production of peptide antibiotics - chlortetracycline I, II, III inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria. It has a weak effect on Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Penicillium simplicissimum It has been found that Penicillium sp. is a common soil fungal microorganism. As a soil habit, it can produce higher lignin-degrading enzymes, which can transform and degrade lignin.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid of the present invention is composed of a microbial tissue system designed by the inventors of the present invention, and is like a "small society" of the bacterial flora, so that different strains perform their duties. Some of the fungi in the flora degrade the macromolecules of the plastic into small molecules, and another part of the fungi absorbs or converts the small molecules into other isomers, and the synergistic effect between the mixed bacteria of the present invention It can effectively degrade macromolecules of plastic into small molecules.
  • the metabolic pathway reduces the competition between the bacteria and the bacteria for competing for nutrients, realizes the ecological stability of the whole mixed bacteria system, and can effectively degrade the plastic into small molecular particles, so as to facilitate the second Reuse, providing a new environmental protection path for white pollution control.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 48 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 48.5 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 includes the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 13, sodium hydroxide 9, luteolin 16, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 16, triethanolamine 13, resveratrol 6, mannitol 6.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.3 mol/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.40810 8 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 9 days at 30.5 ° C, pH 7.4.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubigensis 13, Cladosporium 17, Streptomyces lividans 28, Rhizoctonia solani 12, medium 45; the Aspergillus tubigensis The total number of colonies is 2.83 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the bacillus bacillus is 1.93 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the Streptomyces lividans is 9.6 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g; The total number of colonies of the bacterium was 3.32 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 24 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 37 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 comprises the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 8, sodium hydroxide 6, luteolin 13, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 11, triethanolamine 9, resveratrol 3, mannitol 4.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.21 moL/L.
  • the soaking liquid in the invention can be combined with the functional group of the network skeleton of the three-dimensional structure of the plastic raw material, so that the tightness of the three-dimensional structure is reduced, the structure becomes loose, and the infiltration of the subsequent fungi is facilitated to more comprehensive contact degradation.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.6 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading at 25 ° C, pH 6.8 for 7 days.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus niger 8 , Cladosporium 11 , Streptomyces griseus 21 , Rhizoctonia solani 4 , Medium 36; the Aspergillus spp.
  • the total number of colonies is 3.6 ⁇ 10 4 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the genus Cladosporium is 1.6 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of Streptomyces lividans is 2.2 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g;
  • the total number of colonies of the bacterium was 5.4 ⁇ 10 4 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • the strain used in the mixed bacterial liquid, the Aspergillus tubingensis after research, it is found that Aspergillus tubing can grow on the surface of the polyurethane and generate enzymes through the enzymes and plastics produced during the growth process. The reaction destroys the chemical bonds between the plastic molecules or between the polymers; at the same time, the fungus also utilizes the physical strength of its hyphae to help "crack" the plastic polymer.
  • Cladosporium cladosporoides It has been found through research that Cladosporium is a mold capable of producing conidia and belongs to one of the deuteromycetes. It is a mold that is common both indoors and outdoors. The color is dark green, so it is often confused with Aspergillus. However, the difference between Cladosporium and Penicillium and Aspergillus is that the hyphae also bear color, and the colony as a whole appears dark.
  • the Streptomycesiakyyrus spore silk 3-8 circles narrow spiral, most of which are quite close.
  • the spores are spherical, elliptical, with a rather long thorn on the surface.
  • Sucrose nitrate agar gas white, followed by creamy, gray rose.
  • the base is green on the reverse side. Soluble pigment yellow-green.
  • Synthetic agar air silk is initially white, then light gray. The base is good. The soluble pigment is light green.
  • Glucose aspartate agar air silk is initially white, then light gray. The base is good and the back is green. Soluble pigment yellow-green.
  • Starch agar air silk is initially white, and then creamy to gray. The base is good.
  • the soluble pigment is light green.
  • Glycerol aspartate agar (ISP), inorganic salt starch agar (ISP), yeast malt extract agar (ISP), oatmeal agar (ISP) gas white, light gray reddish brown, grayish yellow pink.
  • the base of the base is greenish yellow, olive gray, olive or olive brown.
  • the soluble pigment is yellow to yellowish green and is not sensitive to pH.
  • Nutritional agar The gas is white, rarely. The base yarn is colorless to slightly green. Soluble pigmented chestnut brown. Oatmeal agar: air silk is initially white, then light gray. The base of the base is white to light gray. Soluble pigment yellow-green.
  • Potato block the gas is white and the cream is light gray.
  • Soluble pigment dark chestnut brown Gelatin liquefaction is fast. Milk is degenerate. Starch hydrolysis is fast. Nitrate reduction. Produces melanin and H2S. Tyrosinase is weak or absent. Use xylose, sucrose, rhamnose, raffinose, mannitol, and lactose, dextrin, salicin, sodium citrate. Take advantage of all 9 ISP carbon sources. Inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, yeast fungi. The production of peptide antibiotics - chlortetracycline I, II, III inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria. It has a weak effect on Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Penicillium simplicissimum It has been found that Penicillium sp. is a common soil fungal microorganism. As a soil habit, it can produce higher lignin-degrading enzymes, which can transform and degrade lignin.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid of the present invention is composed of a microbial tissue system designed by the inventors of the present invention, and is like a "small society" of the bacterial flora, so that different strains perform their duties. Some of the fungi in the flora degrade the macromolecules of the plastic into small molecules, and another part of the fungi absorbs or converts the small molecules into other isomers, and the synergistic effect between the mixed bacteria of the present invention It can effectively degrade macromolecules of plastic into small molecules.
  • the metabolic pathway reduces the competition between the bacteria and the bacteria for competing for nutrients, realizes the ecological stability of the whole mixed bacteria system, and can effectively degrade the plastic into small molecular particles, so as to facilitate the second Reuse, providing a new environmental protection path for white pollution control.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 72 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 60 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 includes the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 17, sodium hydroxide 11, luteolin 19, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 21, triethanolamine 17, resveratrol 9, mannitol 8.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.39 mol/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid having a total number of colonies of 2.8 ⁇ 10 8 cfu/g, and degrading the fermentation at 36 ° C, pH 8.0 for 10 days.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubingus 17, Cladosporium 21, Streptomyces lividans 34, Jane, 19; Medium 53; Aspergillus sp.
  • the total number of colonies is 5.3 ⁇ 105 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the bacillus bacillus is 3.7 ⁇ 106 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of Streptomyces fuliginea is 1.7 ⁇ 107 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the genus 6.1 ⁇ 105 cfu / g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 48 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 48.5 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 includes the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 13, sodium hydroxide 9, luteolin 16, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 16, triethanolamine 13, resveratrol 6, mannitol 6.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.3 mol/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.40810 8 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 9 days at 30.5 ° C, pH 7.4.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubigensis 13, Cladosporium 17, Streptomyces lividans 28, Rhizoctonia solani 12, medium 45; the Aspergillus tubigensis The total number of colonies is 2.83 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the bacillus bacillus is 1.93 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the Streptomyces lividans is 9.6 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g; The total number of colonies of the bacterium was 3.32 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 26 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 40 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 includes the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 11, sodium hydroxide 7, luteolin 15, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 13, triethanolamine 11, resveratrol 4, mannitol 5.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.25 moL/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.6 ⁇ 10 6 -2.8 ⁇ 10 8 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 8 days at 27 ° C, pH 6.9.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubingus 10, Cladosporium 13, Streptomyces lividans 25, Rhizoctonia solani, medium 41; the Aspergillus spp.
  • the total number of colonies is 7.927 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the bacillus bacillus is 6.8 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the Streptomyces lividans is 7.1 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g;
  • the total number of colonies of the bacterium was 8.0 ⁇ 10 4 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 70 hours, and the soaking temperature is kept at 58 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 comprises the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 15, sodium hydroxide 10, luteolin 18, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 18, triethanolamine 15, resveratrol 7, mannitol 7.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.36 moL/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.374 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 9 days at 34 ° C, pH 7.8.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubingus 16, Cladosporium 18, Streptomyces lividans 32, Jane genus 16 , Medium 48; the Aspergillus spp.
  • the total number of colonies is 2.1 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the genus Cladosporium is 1.4 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of Streptomyces lividans is 1.2 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g;
  • the total number of colonies of the bacterium is 1.3 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 48 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 48.5 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 comprises the following parts by weight: sodium hydroxide 9, luteolin 16, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 16, resveratrol 6, mannitol 6.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.3 mol/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.40810 8 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 9 days at 30.5 ° C, pH 7.4.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus tubigensis 13, Cladosporium 17, Streptomyces lividans 28, Rhizoctonia solani 12, medium 45; the Aspergillus tubigensis The total number of colonies is 2.83 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the bacillus bacillus is 1.93 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g; the total number of colonies of the Streptomyces lividans is 9.6 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g; The total number of colonies of the bacterium was 3.32 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 48 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 48.5 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 includes the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 13, sodium hydroxide 9, luteolin 16, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 16, triethanolamine 13, resveratrol 6, mannitol 6.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.3 mol/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.40810 8 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 9 days at 30.5 ° C, pH 7.4.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Cladosporium 17, Jane meliloti, 12, medium 45; the total number of colonies of the Cladosporium is 1.93 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/g The total number of colonies of the simple bacteria was 3.32 ⁇ 10 5 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • a method for biodegrading plastics comprising the following specific steps:
  • the pretreated raw material is immersed in the soaking solution for 48 hours, and the soaking temperature is maintained at 48.5 ° C;
  • the soaking liquid in the step S2 includes the following parts by weight: calcium hydroxide 13, sodium hydroxide 9, luteolin 16, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 16, triethanolamine 13, resveratrol 6, mannitol 6.
  • the concentration of the soaking solution is 0.3 mol/L.
  • the fermentation degradation process in the step S3 is: adding a mixed bacterial liquid with a total number of colonies of 1.40810 8 cfu/g, and fermenting and degrading for 9 days at 30.5 ° C, pH 7.4.
  • the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components by weight: Aspergillus niger 13 , Streptomyces lividans 28 , medium 45; the total number of colonies of Aspergillus tubingus is 2.83 ⁇ 10 5 cfu / g The total number of colonies of Streptomyces fuliginea was 9.6 ⁇ 10 7 cfu/g.
  • step S4 the average particle diameter of the collected degraded mixed liquid needs to be tested, and the standard is used for standby processing; if the standard is not met, the step S3 is repeated once.
  • the invention provides a biodegradation method of plastics, which can make the plastics can be conveniently recycled and reused. After the waste plastics are recovered and processed, the products can be re-formed as products, and gasoline and diesel can be obtained, thereby effectively solving the plastic pollution. Environmental and social issues.

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Abstract

提供一种塑料的生物降解方法，包括以下具体步骤：S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理24-72h，保持浸泡温度为37-60℃；S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。能够使塑料可以很方便地反复回收使用，废塑料回收后经过处理，既能重新成为制品，亦可制得汽油与柴油，有效解决塑料污染所带来的环境、社会问题。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　塑料的生物降解方法 技术领域
本发明属于环境保护技术领域，具体涉及一种塑料的生物降解方法。
背景技术
工作忙叫外卖、天气不好叫外卖，如今叫外卖已经成了不少人的生活常态。可是随着外卖量的激增，外卖消耗的包装盒、包装袋也越来越大。随之而来的白色污染，也引起了大家的重视。
中国外卖O2O行业发展报告显示，2016年在线外卖每周消费3次以上的用户占比达63.3％。按照这种消费方式，每周至少要送出4亿份外卖，由此产生4亿个一次性打包盒及一次性餐具的废弃物。外卖一次性餐具成了新的“白色污染”。对此，陕西省社科院研究员谢雨峰表示，解决一次性餐具造成的污染问题，除了在材料上下功夫，多用可降解材料，更重要的是完善制度，明确责任。
陕西省社会科学院研究员谢雨峰：“这是随着互联网经济衍生出的新的问题，整个是新的污染源的产生。至于说能不能提供可降解的(餐具)这只是技术层面需要突破的问题，希望能从制度规范层面，开始想着手规范约束，互联网经济时代出现的这种新的污染行为。”
塑料泡沫在自然界中不易腐烂，也不易被微生物降解，即便深埋也会污染地下水源，破坏土壤结构，使粮食作物减产，因此须对塑料泡沫进行处理。
目前处理塑料泡沫常用的方法是焚烧处理，焚烧处理虽然能处理大量的塑料泡沫，但在焚烧过程中会产生大量的有毒气体，严重污染空气及大气环境。因此，必须寻找解决“白色污染”的有效途径。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种塑料的生物降解方法，使塑料可以很方便地反复回收使用，废塑料回收后经过处理，既能重新成为制品，亦可制得汽油与柴油，有效解决塑料污染所带来的环境、社会问题。
本发明的技术方案为：一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理24-72h，保持浸泡温度为37-60℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙8-17、氢氧化钠6-11、木犀草素13-19、碳酸氢铵11-21、三乙醇胺9-17、白葫芦醇3-9、甘露醇4-8。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.21moL/L-0.39moL/L。
本发明中的浸泡液，能够与塑料原料的三维空间结构的网络骨架的官能团结合，使其三维空间结构的结合紧密度降低，结构变松散，便于后续菌类的渗入以更加全面的接触降解。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.6╳10 6-2.8╳10 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在25-36℃，pH6.8-8.0下发酵降解7-10天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌8-17、枝孢菌11-21、绿青链霉菌21-34、简青菌4-19、培养基36-53；所述塔宾曲霉菌 的菌落总数为3.6╳10 4-5.3╳10 5cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.6╳10 5-3.7╳10 6cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为2.2╳10 6-1.7╳10 7cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为5.4╳10 4-6.1╳10 5cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
本发明中，所述混合菌液采用的菌种，所述塔宾曲霉菌(Aspergillustubingensis):经过研究发现，塔宾曲霉菌可以在聚氨酯表面生长，并通过生长过程中产生的酶和塑料发生生物反应，破坏塑料分子间或聚合物间的化学键；同时，这一真菌还利用了其菌丝的物理强度，帮助“掰开”塑料聚合物。研究指出，在“塔宾曲霉菌”作用下，原本在自然环境中难以降解的塑料，两周就可以明显看到生物降解过程，两个月后其培养基上的塑料聚合物基本消失。
所述枝孢菌(Cladosporiumcladosporoides)：经过研究发现，枝孢菌是一种能够产生分生孢子的霉菌，属于半知菌中的一种。属于室内和室外都常见的霉菌。颜色为深绿色，因此经常与曲霉菌弄混。但是枝孢菌与青霉菌、曲霉菌不同的是菌丝也带有颜色，菌落整体呈现深色。
所述绿青链霉菌(Streptomycesiakyyrus)：孢子丝3—8圈窄螺旋形，大部分相当紧密。孢子球形、椭圆形，表面带相当长的刺。蔗糖硝酸盐琼脂：气丝白色，后乳脂色、灰玫瑰色。基丝反面绿色。可溶色素黄绿色。合成琼脂：气丝初白色，后浅灰色。基丝好。可溶色素浅绿色。葡糖天冬素琼脂：气丝初白色，后浅灰色。基丝好，反面绿色。可溶色素黄绿色。淀粉琼脂：气丝初白色，后乳脂色至灰色。基丝好。可溶色素浅绿色。甘油天冬素琼脂(ISP)、无机盐淀粉琼脂(ISP)、酵母精麦芽精琼脂(ISP)、燕麦粉琼脂(ISP)：气丝白色、浅灰红褐色、灰黄粉色。基丝反面绿黄色、橄榄灰色、橄榄色或橄榄褐色。可溶色素黄色至黄绿色，对pH不敏感。营养琼脂：气丝白色，很少。基丝无色至微绿色。可溶色素栗棕色。燕麦琼脂：气丝初白色，后浅灰色。基丝反面白色至浅灰色。可溶色素黄绿色。马铃薯块：气丝白色转乳脂浅灰色。可溶色素暗栗棕色。明胶液化快。牛奶胨化。淀粉水解快。硝酸盐还原。产生类黑色素和H2S。酪氨酸酶弱或无。利用木糖、蔗糖、鼠李糖、棉子糖、甘露醇以及乳糖、糊精、水杨苷、柠檬酸钠。利用ISP全部9种碳源。抑制革兰氏阳性细菌、分枝杆菌、酵母类真菌。产生肽类抗生素——绿青菌素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ抑制革兰氏阳性细菌、分枝杆菌。对革兰氏阴性细菌作用弱。
所述简青霉(Penicilliumsimplicissimum)：经过研究发现，简青霉是一种常见的土壤真菌微生物，作为土壤习居菌，能够产生较高的木质素降解酶，能够转化和降解木质素。
本发明的混合菌液，通过本发明的发明人设计的菌群组织方式，就像菌群的“小社会”，让不同的菌种各司其职。菌群中的一部分菌类把塑料的大分子降解成小分子，另一部分菌类再把小分子吸收或转变成其它同分异构体，通过本发明混合菌液菌种间的协效复配，能够有效地将塑料的大分子降解成小分子。通过本发明的混合菌共生体系的设置，其代谢途径降低了菌与菌之间争夺营养物质的竞争，实现整个混合菌系统的生态稳定，能够有效地将塑料降解成为小分子颗粒，以便于二次重复利用，为白色污染治理提供了新的环保途径。
本发明的最佳实施例
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理48h，保持浸泡温度为48.5℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙13、氢氧化钠9、木犀草素16、碳酸氢铵16、三乙醇胺13、白葫芦醇6、甘露醇6。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.3moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.40810 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在30.5℃，pH7.4下发酵降解9天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌13、枝孢菌17、绿青链霉菌28、简青菌12、培养基45；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为2.83╳10 5cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.93╳10 6cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为9.6╳10 7cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为3.32╳10 5cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理24h，保持浸泡温度为37℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙8、氢氧化钠6、木犀草素13、碳酸氢铵11、三乙醇胺9、白葫芦醇3、甘露醇4。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.21moL/L。
本发明中的浸泡液，能够与塑料原料的三维空间结构的网络骨架的官能团结合，使其三维空间结构的结合紧密度降低，结构变松散，便于后续菌类的渗入以更加全面的接触降解。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.6╳10 6cfu/g的混合菌液，在25℃，pH6.8下发酵降解7天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌8、枝孢菌11、绿青链霉菌21、简青菌4、培养基36；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为3.6╳10 4cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.6╳10 5cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为2.2╳10 6cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为5.4╳10 4cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
本发明中，所述混合菌液采用的菌种，所述塔宾曲霉菌(Aspergillustubingensis):经过研究发现，塔宾曲霉菌可以在聚氨酯表面生长，并通过生长过程中产生的酶和塑料发生生物反应，破坏塑料分子间或聚合物间的化学键；同时，这一真菌还利用了其菌丝的物理强度，帮助“掰开”塑料聚合物。研究指出，在“塔宾曲霉菌”作用下，原本在自然环境中难以降解的塑料， 两周就可以明显看到生物降解过程，两个月后其培养基上的塑料聚合物基本消失。
所述枝孢菌(Cladosporiumcladosporoides)：经过研究发现，枝孢菌是一种能够产生分生孢子的霉菌，属于半知菌中的一种。属于室内和室外都常见的霉菌。颜色为深绿色，因此经常与曲霉菌弄混。但是枝孢菌与青霉菌、曲霉菌不同的是菌丝也带有颜色，菌落整体呈现深色。
所述绿青链霉菌(Streptomycesiakyyrus)：孢子丝3—8圈窄螺旋形，大部分相当紧密。孢子球形、椭圆形，表面带相当长的刺。蔗糖硝酸盐琼脂：气丝白色，后乳脂色、灰玫瑰色。基丝反面绿色。可溶色素黄绿色。合成琼脂：气丝初白色，后浅灰色。基丝好。可溶色素浅绿色。葡糖天冬素琼脂：气丝初白色，后浅灰色。基丝好，反面绿色。可溶色素黄绿色。淀粉琼脂：气丝初白色，后乳脂色至灰色。基丝好。可溶色素浅绿色。甘油天冬素琼脂(ISP)、无机盐淀粉琼脂(ISP)、酵母精麦芽精琼脂(ISP)、燕麦粉琼脂(ISP)：气丝白色、浅灰红褐色、灰黄粉色。基丝反面绿黄色、橄榄灰色、橄榄色或橄榄褐色。可溶色素黄色至黄绿色，对pH不敏感。营养琼脂：气丝白色，很少。基丝无色至微绿色。可溶色素栗棕色。燕麦琼脂：气丝初白色，后浅灰色。基丝反面白色至浅灰色。可溶色素黄绿色。马铃薯块：气丝白色转乳脂浅灰色。可溶色素暗栗棕色。明胶液化快。牛奶胨化。淀粉水解快。硝酸盐还原。产生类黑色素和H2S。酪氨酸酶弱或无。利用木糖、蔗糖、鼠李糖、棉子糖、甘露醇以及乳糖、糊精、水杨苷、柠檬酸钠。利用ISP全部9种碳源。抑制革兰氏阳性细菌、分枝杆菌、酵母类真菌。产生肽类抗生素——绿青菌素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ抑制革兰氏阳性细菌、分枝杆菌。对革兰氏阴性细菌作用弱。
所述简青霉(Penicilliumsimplicissimum)：经过研究发现，简青霉是一种常见的土壤真菌微生物，作为土壤习居菌，能够产生较高的木质素降解酶，能够转化和降解木质素。
本发明的混合菌液，通过本发明的发明人设计的菌群组织方式，就像菌群的“小社会”，让不同的菌种各司其职。菌群中的一部分菌类把塑料的大分子降解成小分子，另一部分菌类再把小分子吸收或转变成其它同分异构体，通过本发明混合菌液菌种间的协效复配，能够有效地将塑料的大分子降解成小分子。通过本发明的混合菌共生体系的设置，其代谢途径降低了菌与菌之间争夺营养物质的竞争，实现整个混合菌系统的生态稳定，能够有效地将塑料降解成为小分子颗粒，以便于二次重复利用，为白色污染治理提供了新的环保途径。
实施例2
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理72h，保持浸泡温度为60℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙17、氢氧化钠11、木犀草素19、碳酸氢铵21、三乙醇胺17、白葫芦醇9、甘露醇8。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.39moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为2.8╳10 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在36℃，pH8.0下发酵降解10天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌17、枝孢 菌21、绿青链霉菌34、简青菌19、培养基53；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为5.3╳105cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为3.7╳106cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为1.7╳107cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为6.1╳105cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
实施例3
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理48h，保持浸泡温度为48.5℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙13、氢氧化钠9、木犀草素16、碳酸氢铵16、三乙醇胺13、白葫芦醇6、甘露醇6。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.3moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.40810 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在30.5℃，pH7.4下发酵降解9天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌13、枝孢菌17、绿青链霉菌28、简青菌12、培养基45；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为2.83╳10 5cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.93╳10 6cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为9.6╳10 7cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为3.32╳10 5cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
实施例4
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理26h，保持浸泡温度为40℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙11、氢氧化钠7、木犀草素15、碳酸氢铵13、三乙醇胺11、白葫芦醇4、甘露醇5。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.25moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.6╳10 6-2.8╳10 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在27℃，pH6.9下发酵降解8天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌10、枝孢菌13、绿青链霉菌25、简青菌6、培养基41；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为7.927╳10 6cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为6.8╳10 5cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为7.1╳10 6cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为8.0╳10 4cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
实施例5
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理70h，保持浸泡温度为58℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙15、氢氧化钠10、木犀草素18、碳酸氢铵18、三乙醇胺15、白葫芦醇7、甘露醇7。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.36moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.374╳10 7cfu/g的混合菌液，在34℃，pH7.8下发酵降解9天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌16、枝孢菌18、绿青链霉菌32、简青菌16、培养基48；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为2.1╳10 5cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.4╳10 6cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为1.2╳10 7cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为1.3╳10 5cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
对比例1
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理48h，保持浸泡温度为48.5℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钠9、木犀草素16、碳酸氢铵16、白葫芦醇6、甘露醇6。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.3moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.40810 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在30.5℃，pH7.4下发酵降解9天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌13、枝孢菌17、绿青链霉菌28、简青菌12、培养基45；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为2.83╳10 5cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.93╳10 6cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为9.6╳10 7cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为3.32╳10 5cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
对比例2
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理48h，保持浸泡温度为48.5℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙13、氢氧化钠9、木犀草素16、碳酸氢铵16、三乙醇胺13、白葫芦醇6、甘露醇6。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.3moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为 1.40810 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在30.5℃，pH7.4下发酵降解9天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：枝孢菌17、简青菌12、培养基45；所述所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.93╳10 6cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为3.32╳10 5cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
对比例3
一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理48h，保持浸泡温度为48.5℃；
S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙13、氢氧化钠9、木犀草素16、碳酸氢铵16、三乙醇胺13、白葫芦醇6、甘露醇6。
进一步的，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.3moL/L。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.40810 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在30.5℃，pH7.4下发酵降解9天。
进一步的，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌13、绿青链霉菌28、培养基45；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为2.83╳10 5cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为9.6╳10 7cfu/g。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
平均颗粒度大小测试
通过现有技术的颗粒度测试仪，对经实施例、对比例处理的废弃塑料原料进行平均粒径大小检测，结果如表1所示。
实验组 平均粒径(mm)
实施例1 1.62
实施例2 1.64
实施例3 1.47
实施例4 1.52
实施例5 1.55
对比例1 12.83
对比例2 19.59
对比例3 32.41
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组 合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。需注意的是，本发明中所未详细描述的技术特征，均可以通过任一现有技术实现。
工业实用性
本发明提供一种塑料的生物降解方法，使塑料可以很方便地反复回收使用，废塑料回收后经过处理，既能重新成为制品，亦可制得汽油与柴油，有效解决塑料污染所带来的环境、社会问题。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体步骤：
    S1.将收集的塑料原料筛分，清洗干净，进行机械破坏减小其体积；
    S2.将经过预处理的原料，放入浸泡液中浸泡处理24-72h，保持浸泡温度为37-60℃；
    S3.清洗经过浸泡的原料，加入发酵罐中进行发酵降解；
    S4.收集经过降解的混合液，等待二次提取回收利用。
    所述步骤S2中的浸泡液包括以下重量份数的组分：氢氧化钙8-17、氢氧化钠6-11、木犀草素13-19、碳酸氢铵11-21、三乙醇胺9-17、白葫芦醇3-9、甘露醇4-8。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，所述浸泡液的浓度为0.21moL/L-0.39moL/L。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中的发酵降解的工艺为：加入菌落总数为1.6╳10 6-2.8╳10 8cfu/g的混合菌液，在25-36℃，pH6.8-8.0下发酵降解7-10天。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，所述混合菌液包括以下重量份数的组分：塔宾曲霉菌8-17、枝孢菌11-21、绿青链霉菌21-34、简青菌4-19、培养基36-53；所述塔宾曲霉菌的菌落总数为3.6╳10 4-5.3╳10 5cfu/g；所述枝孢菌杆菌的菌落总数为1.6╳10 5-3.7╳10 6cfu/g；所述绿青链霉菌的菌落总数为2.2╳10 6-1.7╳10 7cfu/g；所述简青菌的菌落总数为5.4╳10 4-6.1╳10 5cfu/g。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的塑料的生物降解方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，需要对收集的经过降解的混合液的平均颗粒粒径进行测试，达标则备用处理；不达标则重复步骤S3操作一次。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11243956A (ja) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-14 Research Institute Of Innovative Technology For The Earth ポリエステルの製造方法
CN101792718A (zh) * 2009-12-23 2010-08-04 北京林业大学 降解生物塑料的真菌菌株及其用途
CN105733029A (zh) * 2016-05-14 2016-07-06 李文东 一种防霉抗菌生物可降解塑料及其制备方法
CN106317941A (zh) * 2016-08-15 2017-01-11 安徽明诚塑业有限公司 一种抗菌抗撕裂的可降解垃圾袋及其制备方法
CN107379327A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2017-11-24 四川益良塑料制品有限公司 一种再生塑料的回收工艺

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11243956A (ja) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-14 Research Institute Of Innovative Technology For The Earth ポリエステルの製造方法
CN101792718A (zh) * 2009-12-23 2010-08-04 北京林业大学 降解生物塑料的真菌菌株及其用途
CN105733029A (zh) * 2016-05-14 2016-07-06 李文东 一种防霉抗菌生物可降解塑料及其制备方法
CN106317941A (zh) * 2016-08-15 2017-01-11 安徽明诚塑业有限公司 一种抗菌抗撕裂的可降解垃圾袋及其制备方法
CN107379327A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2017-11-24 四川益良塑料制品有限公司 一种再生塑料的回收工艺

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