CN109628349B - 一株具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌及其应用 - Google Patents

一株具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌及其应用 Download PDF

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CN109628349B
CN109628349B CN201910009899.6A CN201910009899A CN109628349B CN 109628349 B CN109628349 B CN 109628349B CN 201910009899 A CN201910009899 A CN 201910009899A CN 109628349 B CN109628349 B CN 109628349B
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李江
沈子扬
沈子帆
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Abstract

本发明提供一株具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌Polarbacteria sp.QED‑12,其保藏编号为CGMCC No.17023。本发明所筛选的南极菌Polarbacteria sp.QED‑12分离自南极企鹅岛土壤,该菌株对禽类羽毛具有降解作用。本发明再一个方面提供了一种降解羽毛的方法,是使用本发明的南极菌发酵液对羽毛进行降解。本发明首先从南极微生物中筛选获得具有羽毛降解活性的菌株Polarbacteria sp.QED‑12。菌株Polarbacteria sp.QED‑12的发酵液在15℃温度下能有效降解鸡毛,本发明中的获得菌株在禽类羽毛生物降解中具有潜在的应用前景。

Description

一株具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于微生物筛选技术领域,具体涉及一株具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌及其应用。
背景技术
禽类屠宰加工每年产生的羽毛废弃物高达几百万吨,其中鸡的羽毛大概占到总量的5-7%,这些羽毛废弃物通常被焚烧和掩埋,因此会污染土壤、空气和水源,带来了巨大的环境压力。而这些羽毛废弃物,而这些废弃物中含有大量的蛋白质(角蛋白)和氨基酸,角蛋白是一类脊椎动物上皮细胞中最丰富的蛋白质,也是皮肤的主要组分,同时也存在于附属物中包括:皮毛、指甲、羽毛等。如果对这些羽毛废弃物加以合理利用,不仅可以变废为宝,也会大大地减少环境污染问题。羽毛降解产物由于富含蛋白和氨基酸可以添加到动物饲料中,另外,随着生物技术的发展,这些羽毛废弃物也可加工为高质量、低成本的微生物培养基。目前通常采用物理和化学方法来降解羽毛作为动物的饲料,但这些传统方法不仅会破坏其中的氨基酸而且会降低这些蛋白的质量和消化率。因此,采用生物技术处理这些羽毛废弃物成为该行业迫切的需求。
角蛋白酶是一类能够有效水解不溶性角蛋白的酶类,微生物来源的角蛋白酶由于具有较高的活性和广泛的作用底物范围引起了广泛的兴趣。目前,已有一些微生物来源的角蛋白酶被发现,包括来源于Bacillus licheniformis、Chryseobacterium、Pseudomonas,Microbacterium spp.、Chryseobacterium spp.、Sterptomyces spp.等微生物的角蛋白酶,但这些微生物均来源于常温微生物,最适作用温度通常在30℃以上,在低温条件下活性较弱,因此在实际应用中具有很大的局限性。
发明内容
本发明提供一株具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌Polaribacter sp.QED-12,能应用于家禽羽毛降解技术领域。
本发明所提供的南极菌Polaribactersp.QED-12株,于2018年12月21日保藏在位于北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号的中国科学院微生物研究所的中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.17023;
本发明所筛选的南极菌Polaribacter sp.QED-12分离自南极企鹅岛土壤,
本发明还提供该菌株对禽类羽毛降解中的应用;
所述的禽类羽毛为鸡毛;
本发明再一个方面提供了一种降解羽毛的方法,是使用本发明的南极菌发酵液对羽毛进行降解;
其中发酵液制备所使用的培养基,其一种具体组成如下:蛋白胨0.5%,酵母粉0.1%,陈海水500ml;自来水500ml;pH值7.0。
本发明的优点在于:
1.首次从南极微生物中筛选获得具有羽毛降解活性的菌株Polaribactersp.QED-12。
2.提供了菌株Polaribacter sp.QED-12的潜在用途:菌株Polaribacter sp.QED-12的发酵液在15℃温度下能有效降解鸡毛,本发明中的获得菌株在禽类羽毛生物降解中具有潜在的应用前景。
附图说明
图1:纯化的QED-12菌株。
具体实施方式
本发明分离的具有羽毛降解活性的南极菌Polaribacter sp.QED-12来源于企鹅岛的土壤样品。位于南极洲的企鹅岛上栖息着大量的企鹅,遍布着粪便和羽毛,特别是在企鹅的换羽季节,随处可见大量的羽毛,该环境中分离的羽毛降解微生物能够在较低的作用温度下发挥作用,在实际应用中具有良好的应用前景。
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细的说明。
实施例1:菌株的纯化
菌株分离自国家海洋局第一海洋研究所环球航次在南极企鹅岛采集的土壤样品,采用佐贝尔2216E培养基进行划线筛选,菌株放置在10℃培养箱中静置培养7d,纯化后的菌株进行16S rDNA种属鉴定,纯化后的菌株保存于-80℃超低温冰箱中备用。
将纯化获得的15株南极菌株接种到含有2216E培养基的5ml试管中,然后加入外形完整、经灭菌的鸡毛,于15℃培养15d后,观察羽毛降解情况。结果发现,菌株Polaribactersp.QED-12(图1)能够在15℃低温条件下有效降解试管中的羽毛,因此选择该菌株进行后续的研究。
实施例2、QED-12菌株发酵液的蛋白酶活性
本发明采用偶氮(azocasein)作为底物来测定QED-12菌株发酵液的蛋白质降解活性。菌株QED-12接种于2216E培养基中,10℃培养3d后,发酵液经8000rpm离心5min后取上清,500μl的发酵上清液加入500μl 1%偶氮溶液(pH8.0),采用TCA溶液作为对照。处理和对照组分别于5、15、30℃反应1h,然后置于4℃放置15min,反应液于12000rpm离心10min后取上清液备用。750μl反应上清液与750μl新鲜配置的1N NaOH混合均匀后,于440nm测定吸光值,比较不同温度下的酶活。
结果表明,在不同温度下,菌株QED-12发酵液均具有蛋白降解活性,但在低温条件下的酶活更好,温度为15℃时最高的酶活为210.3U,(表1)。
表1:在不同温度下菌株QED-12发酵液的蛋白酶活
Figure GDA0003386793640000041
实施例2:QED-12菌株发酵液降解羽毛应用
菌株QED-12接种于2216E液体培养基中于15℃培养48h,发酵液经8000rpm离心5min,取10ml上清液加入灭菌的50ml三角瓶中,准确称取0.1g经灭菌的鸡毛加入到三角瓶中。将上述的三角瓶分别置于5、15、30℃培养箱中反应7d后观察降解效果,并将反应液进行离心、烘干后称重,比较在不同温度下的降解效果。
试验结果表明,在不同温度下菌株QED-12发酵液均能降解羽毛(见表2)。因此南极菌QED-12在羽毛降解领域具有潜在的应用价值。
表2:QED-12发酵液的羽毛降解效果
Figure GDA0003386793640000042
因此,本发明的菌株具有在低温条件下降解羽毛的效果,能够用于家禽羽毛降解应用中。

Claims (5)

1.一株南极菌,其特征在于,所述的南极菌为南极菌Polaribacter sp.QED-12株,其保藏编号为CGMCC No.17023。
2.权利要求1所述的南极菌在禽类羽毛降解中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的禽类羽毛为鸡毛;
4.一种降解羽毛的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法是使用权利要求1所述的南极菌发酵液对羽毛进行降解。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法,其中发酵液制备所使用的培养基,其组成如下:蛋白胨0.5%,酵母粉0.1%,陈海水500ml;自来水500ml;pH值7.0。
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