WO2019096320A1 - 三相电控制系统及变流器、逆变器和电力补偿装置 - Google Patents

三相电控制系统及变流器、逆变器和电力补偿装置 Download PDF

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WO2019096320A1
WO2019096320A1 PCT/CN2018/116315 CN2018116315W WO2019096320A1 WO 2019096320 A1 WO2019096320 A1 WO 2019096320A1 CN 2018116315 W CN2018116315 W CN 2018116315W WO 2019096320 A1 WO2019096320 A1 WO 2019096320A1
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phase
current
control system
converter
voltage
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PCT/CN2018/116315
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English (en)
French (fr)
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汪隽迈
冯志宏
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浙江电牛电气有限公司
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Priority to EP18878840.0A priority Critical patent/EP3687053A4/en
Publication of WO2019096320A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019096320A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/425—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a high frequency AC output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power electronics, in particular to a three-phase electric control system and a converter, an inverter and a power compensation device.
  • the positive half wave and the negative half wave of a sine wave have a width of 180°.
  • the addition of positive sinusoidal half-wave currents of three phases is not a positive straight DC current; the addition of three-phase negative sinusoidal half-wave currents is not a negative straight DC current. Therefore, ordinary three-phase diode rectification, thyristor rectification, etc. can not directly obtain a straight DC current from the three-phase grid, but must add some filtering equipment, such as filter capacitors, inductors, or turn three-phase into six-phase or ten Two-phase communication, etc.
  • the invention is directed to the prior art that the straight DC current cannot be directly obtained from the three-phase power grid, and the disadvantages of some filtering devices must be added, and the three-phase electric control system and the converter, the inverter and the power compensation device are provided. .
  • the three-phase electric control system includes a control circuit, and an electronic switch is disposed in the control circuit, and the control circuit respectively generates an A-phase current i A , a B-phase current i B and a C-phase current i with a waveform phase difference of 120° in sequence by an electronic switch.
  • C , phase A current i A , phase B current i B and phase C current i C have a phase period of 360°, and phase A current i A , phase B current i B and phase C current i C are superposed to form an output current i D , i D is a straight DC wave with a constant current value.
  • Phase A currents i A , i B and i C can both be positive or negative currents
  • phase A currents i A include i A+ and i A-
  • phase B currents i B include i B+ and i B-
  • phase C currents i C includes i C+ and i C-
  • i A+ , i B+ and i C+ are positive currents and superimposed to form a forward output current i D+
  • i A- , i B- and i C- are negative currents and superimposed to form a negative direction
  • the output currents i D- , i D+ and i D- are straight DC waves of constant current value.
  • first sine wave I A a first sine wave I A , a second sine wave I B , and a third sine wave I C
  • the first sine wave I A being formed by superposition of i A+ and i A-
  • the second sine wave I B by i B+ and i B- stacking
  • the third sine wave I C is formed by superposition of i C+ and i C-
  • the first sine wave I A , the second sine wave I B , and the third sine wave I C are both sinusoidal waves.
  • phase period of phase A current i A , phase B current i B and phase C current i C includes four segments of waveforms;
  • I D is the amplitude of the current waveform, ⁇ is the angular frequency, and t is the time;
  • i B+ ( ⁇ t) i A+ ( ⁇ t-120°);
  • i C+ ( ⁇ t) i A+ ( ⁇ t+120°);
  • i A- ( ⁇ t) -i A+ ( ⁇ t+180°);
  • i B- ( ⁇ t) -i B+ ( ⁇ t+180°);
  • i C- ( ⁇ t) -i C+ ( ⁇ t+180°);
  • i A+ and i A- are superimposed to form i A
  • i B+ and i B- are superposed to form i B
  • i C+ and i C ⁇ are superposed to form i C
  • i A , i B and i C constitute three mutual differences 120 . ° sine wave.
  • the converter also includes the above three-phase electrical control system.
  • the angular frequency of the A-phase current i A , the B-phase current i B and the C-phase current i C is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be equal to the angular frequency of the three-phase AC voltage.
  • the phase of the A-phase current i A , the B-phase current i B and the C-phase current i C is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be different from the phase of the three-phase voltage by a fixed angle ⁇ .
  • the reactive power compensation device further includes the above three-phase electric control system, and controls the angular frequency of the A-phase current i A , the B-phase current i B and the C-phase current i C and the angular frequency of the three-phase AC voltage through the three-phase electric control system are equal, the a-phase current i a control system via a three-phase, B-phase current i and the three-phase voltage of the phase B and C-phase current i C differs by a fixed angle [Phi], or when ⁇ -90 ° ⁇ At +90°, the DC voltage of the converter is close to zero, and the power factor of the converter is also close to zero.
  • the converter can provide positive or negative reactive power respectively, which becomes a continuously adjustable power factor compensation device.
  • the harmonic compensation device also includes the above three-phase electric control system.
  • the angular frequency of the A-phase current i A , the B-phase current i B and the C-phase current i C is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be an integral multiple of the angular frequency of the three-phase AC voltage.
  • the phase of the A-phase current i A , the B-phase current i B and the C-phase current i C is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be different from the phase of the three-phase voltage by a fixed angle ⁇ .
  • the three-phase current A-phase current i A , the B-phase current i B and the C-phase current i C are harmonic currents which are integer multiples of the three-phase AC grid frequency.
  • the present invention has significant technical effects by adopting the above technical solution: the present invention realizes a trigger control strategy of a converter, which can realize conversion from a three-phase sinusoidal current to a completely flat direct current and
  • the DC side voltage is adjustable from 0% to 87% of the peak value of the three-phase AC line voltage, and the converter can be used, but not limited to, in the field of rectification for four-quadrant operation.
  • Implementing a trigger control strategy of the converter, which can realize conversion from DC to three-phase sinusoidal current and controllable reactive and harmonic components on the AC side the converter can be used but not limited to AC frequency conversion field.
  • a trigger control strategy for a converter that produces three-phase sinusoidal reactive and higher harmonic currents, and reactive and high-order harmonics have controllable phase, amplitude, and positive and negative
  • the sequence component which may be, but is not limited to, used in the fields of reactive power, negative sequence, and harmonic compensation.
  • Fig. 1 is a waveform diagram of i A+ of the present invention.
  • i D+ is a flat DC waveform.
  • Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of i A- , i B- and i C- and a waveform diagram of an output wave i D- obtained by superimposing three waveforms, i D- is a flat DC waveform.
  • Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of i A obtained by superimposing i A+ and i A- .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit topology of a three-phase AC converter.
  • the three-phase electric control system comprises a control circuit, and an electronic switch is arranged in the control circuit, and the control circuit respectively generates an A-phase current i A and a B-phase current i B whose waveform phases are sequentially different by 120° by the adjustment of the electronic switch.
  • phase A current i A is simplified to i A
  • phase B current i B is simplified to i b
  • the phase C current i C is simplified to i c
  • i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 phase period are 360 °
  • I the output current is superimposed is formed i D 4
  • i D 4 is the current value of the constant direct current straight wave.
  • i A 1, i B 2 and i C 3 both contain positive and negative currents, i A 1 includes i A+ 11 and i A- 12, i B 2 includes i B+ 21 and i B- 22, i C 3 includes i C+ 31 and i C- 32; i A+ 11, i B+ 21 and i C+ 31 are positive currents and superimposed to form a forward output current i D+ 41; i A- 12, i B- 22 and i C- 32 are Negative currents are superimposed to form a negative output current i D- 42, i D+ 41 and i D- 42 are straight DC waves of constant current value.
  • i A 1 i A + 11 + i A - 12
  • i B 2 i B + 21 + i B - 22
  • i C 3 i C + 31 + i C - 32.
  • i A 1, i B 2 and i C 3 are both positively chirped.
  • Each phase period of i A 1, i B 2 and i C 3 includes four segments of waveforms
  • I D is the amplitude of the current waveform, ⁇ is the angular frequency, and t is the time;
  • i B+ ( ⁇ t) i A+ ( ⁇ t-120°);
  • i C+ ( ⁇ t) i A+ ( ⁇ t+120°);
  • i A- ( ⁇ t) -i A+ ( ⁇ t+180°);
  • i B- ( ⁇ t) -i B+ ( ⁇ t+180°);
  • i C- ( ⁇ t) -i C+ ( ⁇ t+180°);
  • i A+ 11 and i A- 12 are superposed to form i A 1
  • i B+ 21 and i B- 22 are superposed to form i B 2
  • i C+ 31 and i C- 32 are superposed to form i C 3
  • i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 form three sine waves that are 120° out of each other.
  • the converter further includes the above three-phase electric control system, and the angular frequency of the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be equal to the angular frequency of the three-phase AC voltage, through three
  • the phase electric control system controls the phase of the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 to be different from the phase of the three-phase voltage by a fixed angle ⁇ .
  • the transformer converts the direct current into three-phase alternating current, and the angle of the angle ⁇ is changed by the three-phase electric control system to achieve the purpose of changing the magnitude of the output DC voltage of the converter.
  • Changing the angle ⁇ will change the magnitude of the output DC voltage, and will also change the phase difference between the three-phase current and the three-phase voltage, so that reactive power can be output to the three-phase AC grid, which can be used to compensate the reactive power of the grid.
  • the positive reactive (or negative reactive) generated by i A1 , i B1 and i C1 is exactly offset by the negative reactive (or positive reactive) generated by i A2 , i B2 and i C2 .
  • the converter purely provides an energy conversion between AC and DC without generating reactive power, ie a converter with a power factor of 1.0.
  • the power compensation device includes a reactive power compensation device and a harmonic compensation device.
  • the reactive power compensation device further includes the above three-phase electric control system, and the angular frequency of the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be equal to the angular frequency of the three-phase AC voltage,
  • the three-phase electric control system controls the phase of the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 to be different from the phase of the three-phase voltage by a fixed angle ⁇ , when ⁇ -90° or ⁇ +90°
  • the output DC voltage of the current device is close to zero, and the power factor of the converter is also close to zero.
  • the converter can provide positive or negative reactive power respectively, and becomes a continuously adjustable power factor compensation device.
  • the harmonic compensation device further includes the above three-phase electric control system.
  • the angular frequency of the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 is controlled by the three-phase electric control system to be an integral multiple of the angular frequency of the three-phase AC voltage.
  • the phase of the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 is controlled by a three-phase electrical control system to differ from the phase of the three-phase voltage by a fixed angle ⁇ .
  • the three-phase currents i A 1 , i B 2 and i C 3 are harmonic currents which are integer multiples of the three-phase AC grid frequency.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电力电子领域，公开了三相电控制系统及变流器、逆变器和电力补偿装置，其包括控制电路，控制电路中设置有电子开关，控制电路通过电子开关的调节分别产生波形相位依次相差120°的iA(1)、iB(2)和iC(3)。iA(1)、iB(2)和iC(3)的相位周期均为360°，iA(1)、iB(2)和iC(3)叠加形成输出电流iD(4)。iD(4)为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。本发明为实现一个变流器的触发控制策略，该变流器可实现从三相正弦波电流到完全平直的直流电流的转换且直流侧电压从三相交流线电压峰值的0％-87％可调，该变流器可以但不限于使用于四象限工作的整流领域。

Description

三相电控制系统及变流器、逆变器和电力补偿装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子领域，尤其涉及三相电控制系统及变流器、逆变器和电力补偿装置。
背景技术
现行的三相交流电流波形大多以正弦波为理想波。背离正弦波者含有各种级次的谐波分量。正常的交流电网和交流用电设备均希望谐波含量很小，为此需加入清除谐波的电路或设备。
现行的直流电流波形大多以平直的波形为理想波。背离平直者含有交流谐波分量。正常的直流电源均希望谐波含量很小，为此需加入滤波电路或设备。
一个正弦波的正半波和负半波的宽度均为180°。但是三相正的正弦半波电流相加并不是正的平直的直流电流；三相负的正弦半波电流相加并不是负的平直的直流电流。因此平常的三相二极管整流、晶闸管整流等均不能从三相电网直接获得平直的直流电流，而必须加上某些滤波设备，譬如滤波电容、电感、或者将三相变成六相或十二相交流等。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中不能从三相电网直接获得平直的直流电流，而必须加上某些滤波设备的缺点，提供了三相电控制系统及变流器、逆变器和电力补偿装置。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明通过下述技术方案得以解决：
三相电控制系统，包括控制电路，控制电路中设置有电子开关，控制电路通过电子开关的调节分别产生波形相位依次相差120°的A相电流i A、B相电流 i B和C相电流i C，A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的相位周期均为360°，A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C叠加形成输出电流i D，i D为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。
A相电流i A、i B和i C均可为正电流或负电流，A相电流i A包括i A+和i A-，B相电流i B包括i B+和i B-，C相电流i C包括i C+和i C-；i A+、i B+和i C+均为正电流并叠加形成正向输出电流i D+；i A-、i B-和i C-为负电流并叠加形成负向输出电流i D-,i D+和i D-为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。
还包括第一正弦波I A、第二正弦波I B和第三正弦波I C，第一正弦波I A由i A+和i A-叠加形成，第二正弦波I B由i B+和i B-叠加形成，第三正弦波I C由i C+和i C-叠加形成，第一正弦波I A、第二正弦波I B和第三正弦波I C均为正弦波。
A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的每个相位周期均包括四段波形；
控制电路控制产生的i A+的一个周期内的四段波形如下：
当-30°<ωt<＝30°          i A+(ωt)＝I D*(1+sin(ωt-60°))；
当30°<ωt<＝150°          i A+(ωt)＝I D*(sin(ωt))；
当150°<ωt<＝210°         i A+(ωt)＝I D*(1-sin(ωt-120°))；
当210°<ωt<＝330°         i A+(ωt)＝0；
其中I D为电流波形的幅值，ω为角频率,t为时间；
控制电路控制产生的i B+、i C+、i A-、i B-和i C-的波形分别如下：
i B+(ωt)＝i A+(ωt-120°)；
i C+(ωt)＝i A+(ωt+120°)；
i A-(ωt)＝-i A+(ωt+180°)；
i B-(ωt)＝-i B+(ωt+180°)；
i C-(ωt)＝-i C+(ωt+180°)；
其中，将i A+与i A-叠加形成i A，i B+与i B-叠加形成i B，i C+与i C-叠加形成i C，i A、i B和i C构成三个互差120°的正弦波。
变流器，还包括以上的三相电控制系统。通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等。通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ。当90°<φ<＝270°时，变流器成为逆变器，将直流电转变为三相交流电。通过三相电控制系统控制角度φ的大小从而可改变变流器的直流电压与交流电压之间的比例关系，由此可调节直流电压或交流电压的大小。
无功补偿装置，还包括以上的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，当φ≈-90°或φ≈+90°时，变流器的直流电压接近零，变流器的功率因数也接近于零，变流器可分别提供正的或负的无功功率，成为可连续调节的功率因数补偿装置。
谐波补偿装置，还包以上的三相电控制系统。通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的角频率为三相交流电压的角频率的整数倍。通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ。此时三相电流A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C为三相交流电网频率整数倍的谐波电流。调节角度φ和电流的大小使得A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C恰好等于电网中用电设备产生的谐波电流且与其方向相反，就补偿了电网中的一个谐波电流。重复这一过程让三相电控制系统同时产生多个不同整数倍的谐波电流并使A相电流i A、B相电流 i B和C相电流i C成为所有谐波电流之和就可以补偿电网中的所有谐波电流。
本发明由于采用了以上技术方案，具有显著的技术效果：本发明为实现一个变流器的触发控制策略，该变流器可实现从三相正弦波电流到完全平直的直流电流的转换且直流侧电压从三相交流线电压峰值的0％-87％可调，该变流器可以但不限于使用于四象限工作的整流领域。实现一个变流器的触发控制策略，该变流器可实现从直流到三相正弦电流的转换且交流侧的无功及谐波分量可控，该变流器可以但不限于使用于交流变频领域。实现一个变流器的触发控制策略，该变流器可产生三相正弦无功和高次谐波电流，无功和各高次谐波均具有可控的相位、幅值及正序和负序分量，该变流器可以但不限于使用于无功、负序及谐波补偿领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明的i A+的波形图。
图2是i A+、i B+和i C+的波形图以及三个波形叠加后得到的输出波i D+的波形图，i D+为一平直的直流波形。
图3是i A-、i B-和i C-的波形图以及三个波形叠加后得到的输出波i D-的波形图，i D-为一平直的直流波形。
图4是i A+和i A-叠加后得到的i A的波形图。
图5是三相交流变流器的主电路拓扑原理图。
附图中各数字标号所指代的部位名称如下：1—i A、2—i B、3—i C、4—i D、11—i A+、12—i A-、21—i B+、22—i B-、31—i C+、32—i C-、41—i D+、42—i D-。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
三相电控制系统，如图所示，包括控制电路，控制电路中设置有电子开关，控制电路通过电子开关的调节分别产生波形相位依次相差120°的A相电流i A、B相电流i B和C相电流i C，以下A相电流i A简化为i A表示，B相电流i B简化为i b表示，C相电流i C简化为i c表示，i A1、i B2和i C3的相位周期均为360°，i A1、i B2和i C3叠加形成输出电流i D4，i D4为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。
i A1、i B2和i C3均包含有正电流和负电流，i A1包括i A+11和i A-12，i B2包括i B+21和i B-22，i C3包括i C+31和i C-32；i A+11、i B+21和i C+31均为正电流并叠加形成正向输出电流i D+41；i A-12、i B-22和i C-32为负电流并叠加形成负向输出电流i D-42,i D+41和i D-42为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。
还包括i A1＝i A+11+i A-12，i B2＝i B+21+i B-22，i C3＝i C+31+i C-32。i A1、i B2和i C3均为正玹波。
i A1、i B2和i C3的每个相位周期均包括四段波形；
控制电路控制产生的i A+11的一个周期内的四段波形如下：
当-30°<ωt<＝30°          i A+(ωt)＝I D*(1+sin(ωt-60°))；
当30°<ωt<＝150°          i A+(ωt)＝I D*(sin(ωt))；
当150°<ωt<＝210°         i A+(ωt)＝I D*(1-sin(ωt-120°))；
当210°<ωt<＝330°         i A+(ωt)＝0；
其中I D为电流波形的幅值，ω为角频率,t为时间；
控制电路控制产生的i B+21、i C+31、i A-12、i B-22和i C-32的波形分别如下：
i B+(ωt)＝i A+(ωt-120°)；
i C+(ωt)＝i A+(ωt+120°)；
i A-(ωt)＝-i A+(ωt+180°)；
i B-(ωt)＝-i B+(ωt+180°)；
i C-(ωt)＝-i C+(ωt+180°)；
其中,将i A+11与i A-12叠加形成i A1,i B+21与i B-22叠加形成i B2,i C+31与i C-32叠加形成i C3，i A1、i B2和i C3构成三个互差120°的正弦波。
变流器，还包括以上的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等，通过三相电控制系统控制三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，当90°<φ<＝270°时，变流器成为逆变器，将直流电转变为三相交流电，通过三相电控制系统改变角度φ的大小即达到了改变变流器的输出直流电压的大小的目的。改变角度φ的大小会改变输出直流电压的大小，同时也将改变三相电流和三相电压之间的相位差，从而可以向三相交流电网输出无功功率，可用于电网无功功率的补偿。当不需要无功补偿时，可通过三相电控制系统同时产生2个三相电流并使总电流为2个电流的叠加，即i A＝i A1+i A2，i B＝i B1+i B2，i C＝i C1+i C2，并使2个三相电流的相位角与三相电压的相位角分别相差+φ和-φ。这样，i A1、i B1和i C1所产生的正无功(或负无功)就恰好和i A2、i B2和i C2所产生的负无功(或正无功)相抵消，此时变流器纯粹提供交流-直流间的能量变换而不会产生无功功率,即功率因素为1.0的变流器。
电力补偿装置包括无功补偿装置和谐波补偿装置。
无功补偿装置，还包括以上的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等，通过三相电控制系统控制三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，当φ≈-90°或φ≈+90°时，变流器的输出直流电压接近零，变流器的功率因数也接近于零，变流器可分别提供正的或负的无功功率，成为可连续调节的功率因数补偿装置。
谐波补偿装置，还包括以上的三相电控制系统。通过三相电控制系统控制三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3的角频率为三相交流电压的角频率的整数倍。通过三相电控制系统控制三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ。此时三相电流i A1、i B2和i C3为三相交流电网频率整数倍的谐波电流。调节角度φ和电流的大小使得i A1、i B2和i C3恰好等于电网中用电设备产生的谐波电流且与其方向相反，就补偿了电网中的一个谐波电流。重复这一过程让三相电控制系统同时产生多个不同整数倍的谐波电流并使i A1、i B2和i C3成为所有谐波电流之和就可以补偿电网中的所有谐波电流，从而构成电网谐波补偿装置。总之，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所作的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明专利的涵盖范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 三相电控制系统，其特征在于：包括控制电路，控制电路中设置有电子开关，控制电路通过电子开关的调节分别产生波形相位依次相差120°的A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)，A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的相位周期均为360°，A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)叠加形成输出电流i D(4)，i D(4)为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三相电控制系统，其特征在于：A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)为正电流或负电流，A相电流i A(1)包括i A+(11)和i A-(12)，B相电流i B(2)包括i B+(21)和i B-(22)，C相电流i C(3)包括i C+(31)和i C-(32)；i A+(11)、i B+(21)和i C+(31)叠加形成正向输出电流i D+(41)；i A-(12)、i B-(22)和i C-(32)叠加形成负向输出电流i D-(42),i D+(41)和i D-(42)为电流值恒定的平直的直流波。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三相电控制系统，其特征在于：还包括第一正弦波I A(101)、第二正弦波I B(201)和第三正弦波I C(301)，第一正弦波I A(101)由i A+(11)和i A-(12)叠加形成，第二正弦波I B(201)由i B+(21)和i B-(22)叠加形成，第三正弦波I C(301)由i C+(31)和i C-(32)叠加形成，第一正弦波I A(101)、第二正弦波I B(201)和第三正弦波I C(301)均为正弦波。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3所述的三相电控制系统，其特征在于：A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的每个相位周期均包括四段波形；
    控制电路控制产生的i A+(11)的一个周期内的四段波形如下：
    当-30°<ωt<＝30°          i A+(ωt)＝I D*(1+sin(ωt-60°))；
    当30°<ωt<＝150°          i A+(ωt)＝I D*(sin(ωt))；
    当150°<ωt<＝210°         i A+(ωt)＝I D*(1-sin(ωt-120°))；
    当210°<ωt<＝330°         i A+(ωt)＝0；
    其中I D为电流波形的幅值，ω为角频率,t为时间；
    控制电路控制产生的i B+(21)、i C+(31)、i A-(12)、i B-(22)和i C-(32)的波形分别如下：
    i B+(ωt)＝i A+(ωt-120°)；
    i C+(ωt)＝i A+(ωt+120°)；
    i A-(ωt)＝-i A+(ωt+180°)；
    i B-(ωt)＝-i B+(ωt+180°)；
    i C-(ωt)＝-i C+(ωt+180°)；
    其中，将i A+(11)与i A-(12)叠加形成i A(1)，i B+(21)与i B-(22)叠加形成i B(2)，i C+(31)与i C-(32)叠加形成i C(3)，i A(1)、i B(2)和i C(3)构成三个互差120°的正弦波。
  5. 变流器，其特征在于：还包括权利要求1-4所述的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，当-90°<φ<＝90°时，变流器工作于整流器状态，将三相交流电转变为直流电，通过三相电控制系统控制角度φ的大小从而改变变流器的输出直流电压的大小。
  6. 逆变器，其特征在于：还包括权利要求1-4所述的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A (1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，当90°<φ<＝270°时，变流器成为逆变器，将直流电转变为三相交流电，通过三相电控制系统控制角度φ的大小从而改变变流器的输出交流电压的大小。
  7. 无功补偿装置，其特征在于：还包括权利要求1-4所述的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的角频率与三相交流电压的角频率相等，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，当φ≈-90°或φ≈+90°时，变流器的直流电压接近零，变流器的功率因数也接近于零，变流器可分别提供正的或负的无功功率，成为可连续调节的功率因数补偿装置。
  8. 谐波补偿装置，其特征在于：还包括权利要求1-4所述的三相电控制系统，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的角频率为三相交流电压的角频率的整数倍，通过三相电控制系统控制A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)的相位与三相电压的相位相差一个固定的角度φ，此时A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)为三相交流电网频率整数倍的谐波电流，调节角度φ和电流的大小使得A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)等于电网中用电设备产生的谐波电流且与其方向相反，就补偿了电网中的一个谐波电流，重复这一过程让三相电控制系统同时产生多个不同整数倍的谐波电流并使A相电流i A(1)、B相电流i B(2)和C相电流i C(3)成为所有谐波电流之和就可以补偿电网中的所有谐波电流。
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