WO2019095495A1 - 一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置 - Google Patents

一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019095495A1
WO2019095495A1 PCT/CN2017/117188 CN2017117188W WO2019095495A1 WO 2019095495 A1 WO2019095495 A1 WO 2019095495A1 CN 2017117188 W CN2017117188 W CN 2017117188W WO 2019095495 A1 WO2019095495 A1 WO 2019095495A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cross
trough
flow
conveying
hot air
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PCT/CN2017/117188
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李耀明
马征
徐立章
唐忠
王建廷
韩敏
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江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US16/627,963 priority Critical patent/US11272664B2/en
Publication of WO2019095495A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019095495A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A01D41/133—Drying devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D61/00—Elevators or conveyors for binders or combines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D61/00—Elevators or conveyors for binders or combines
    • A01D61/002—Elevators or conveyors for binders or combines transversal conveying devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
    • F26B11/16—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B19/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects not covered by groups F26B9/00 - F26B17/00
    • F26B19/005—Self-contained mobile devices, e.g. for agricultural produce
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F26B9/08—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers including agitating devices, e.g. pneumatic recirculation arrangements
    • F26B9/082—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers including agitating devices, e.g. pneumatic recirculation arrangements mechanically agitating or recirculating the material being dried
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D61/00—Elevators or conveyors for binders or combines
    • A01D61/008—Elevators or conveyors for binders or combines for longitudinal conveying, especially for combines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a material conveying and feeding device for mechanized combined harvesting of wet crops.
  • the general links of mechanized combined harvesting include cutting, conveying, threshing, separation and cleaning.
  • the conveying link plays the role of material conveying and feeding, and is the key transitional link before the crop is threshed.
  • the carrying capacity of the feeding device is directly related to the working capacity of the whole machine.
  • the smoothness of the feeding and feeding process is directly related to the efficiency of several subsequent operations. Therefore, the feeding and feeding device in mechanized combined harvesting is very important.
  • the material conveying and feeding device of the mainstream combine harvester adopts a chain-type conveying structure, and the structure mainly comprises a front and rear sprocket, a conveying chain, a dent, a conveying groove shell and a tension adjusting mechanism, wherein the conveying groove
  • the shell has a large opening at the material inlet end and a small opening at the material output end.
  • the molars are fixed on the conveyor chain and move along with the conveyor chain. During the work, the material is conveyed and fed through the continuous pushing action of the molars.
  • the utility model patent with the patent number CN201520240882.9 discloses a buried scraper conveying device, which is composed of a box body, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a traction chain and a scraper, etc., and is mainly disposed above the discharge opening of the box body.
  • the baffle blocks the material on the scraper to avoid material blockage.
  • the technical solution and idea disclosed in this patent is to use the mandatory action to solve the problem of blockage of materials, which can be used for the transport of loose particles, and can not be used for the transportation and feeding of crops in mechanized combined harvesting.
  • the utility model patent with the patent number CN201320265279.7 discloses an anti-wrap structure of a combine harvester conveying trough, which is composed of a driving shaft, a driving sprocket, a conveying trough shell and a passive roller wheel assembly, mainly by increasing the initiative.
  • the diameter of the shaft and the passive shaft ie, increasing the length of the circumference
  • the utility model patent No. CN201420722484.6 discloses a conveyor for preventing material blockage, which is composed of a motor reducer, an outer pipe body, a screw conveying shaft and the like, and the main technical scheme is to pass the built-in heating pipe respectively in the phase time.
  • the plate material in the screw conveying shaft is heated and the external shock device is shocked to the outer pipe body to prevent the material in the screw conveying device from being clogged.
  • the technical solution disclosed in the patent solves the clogging problem in the material conveying process, takes into consideration the moisture characteristics of the material itself and adopts the method of heating and shocking, but the method can only be used for the staged working mode, and Material blockage can only take effect after it has occurred, without continuous efficacy and preventive function.
  • the present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, in order to ensure the feeding efficiency of the wet crops during the mechanized combined harvesting of the wet crops and to avoid the feed feed clogging, a cross-flow hot air combine harvester wet material conveying feed is provided. Into the device.
  • the utility model relates to a wet material conveying and feeding device of a cross-flow hot air type combine harvester, which comprises a hot air pumping and a material conveying part, wherein the hot air pumping part is composed of an engine radiator, a draft air guiding hood, a drafting pipe, an air pump, a air supply pipe, and a sending
  • the wind deflector is composed of one end of the exhaust pipe connected to the engine radiator through the exhaust air guiding hood, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the air pump; one end of the air supply pipe is connected with the air outlet of the air pump, and the other end is connected with the air supply
  • the cover is connected;
  • the material conveying portion comprises a chain-type trough structure A and a cross-flow air chamber structure B which are arranged side by side, and the chain chute structure A is provided by the trough casing and the driving sprocket in the trough casing, and the driven
  • the cross-flow plenum structure B is located at the lower part of the chain-type trough structure A, and comprises a trough bottom plate installed under the lower cover of the trough.
  • the bottom plate of the trough and the bottom surface of the trough casing form a cross-flow plenum, and the cross-flow plenum structure
  • the lower end of B is an air inlet and is connected to the air supply hood.
  • the bottom surface of the conveyor housing is processed with a series of air outlets and air guiding microstructures.
  • the air guiding microstructure is located at the air outlet, and the airflow is directed toward the material feeding inlet. The direction.
  • the trough housing is composed of a top cover plate of the trough, a lower cover plate of the trough, and two sides of the trough, and the upper cover of the trough is not parallel with the lower cover of the trough, and the width of the inlet end of the trough housing It is larger than the width of the outlet end of the material, and the chain sill and the lower cover of the conveying trough of the conveying trough housing have a gap of 5 to 10 mm for forming a material conveying feeding space.
  • the air outlets are arranged on the lower cover of the trough, and are equally spaced, and the spacing l ranges from 25 to 60 mm; the air outlet width s ranges from 5 to 12 mm.
  • the air guiding microstructure is a plate-like structure having an angle with the lower cover of the conveying trough, and the air guiding microstructure is at an angle of 10° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 25° with the lower cover of the conveying trough, and the apex of the wind guiding microstructure
  • the plumb line of p must intersect the lower cover of the trough, and the length of the vertical line of the vertex p and the lower cover of the trough is d ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the upper end of the cross-flow plenum is provided with a cross-flow wind wheel, and the axial position of the wind turbine shaft of the cross-flow wind wheel must be below the extension line of the bottom plate of the trough.
  • the cross-flow wind wheel is composed of a wind wheel shaft, a plane blade, a rim, a cross-flow blade, a wind wheel casing, and a wind wheel inspection cover.
  • One end of the wind turbine shaft is supported by the bearing seat, and the other end is connected with the speed-regulating drive motor.
  • a plurality of plane blades are fixed to the wind wheel shaft by means of riveting and fixed on the wind wheel shaft, and are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
  • the rim is welded to the circumferential top end of the plane blade, and the rim is tangent to the extension line of the lower cover of the conveying groove;
  • the cross-flow blade is a two-stage bent-shaped blade, the bottom is welded on the rim, and the plurality of cross-flow blade rims are evenly distributed, and a section of the top of the cross-flow blade faces the opposite direction of the rotating direction of the cross-flow wind wheel The bending, the cross-flow vane does not interfere with the movement of the chain;
  • the outer shell of the wind wheel is located at the lower ends of the cross-flow wind wheel and is connected to the bottom plate of the trough and the lower cover of the trough.
  • the plurality of cross-flow vanes are equally spaced apart on the rim by 30°.
  • twisting angle ⁇ of the cross-flow blade is 5° to 20°.
  • the wind guiding microstructure of the trough cover plate and the cross-flow wind wheel is an arc-shaped structure, and the height is 3 mm to 5 mm, and the gap between the top and the cross-track of the cross-flow blade is 1 mm to 2 mm;
  • the upper part of the cross flow wind wheel is a sealing plate.
  • a wind turbine inspection cover having a curvature ranging from 60° to 90° is disposed directly under the wind turbine casing.
  • the inside of the cross-flow plenum is provided with a plenum cavity adjusting mechanism, wherein the plenum cavity adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting plate and an adjusting nut; one end of the adjusting plate is hinged with the lower end of the trough bottom plate, and the other end is L-shaped. And freely placed through the rectangular hole at the upper end of the bottom plate of the trough; the adjusting nut is adjacent to the L structure at the right end of the adjusting plate, and is connected to the bottom plate of the trough through the threaded hole; the rotating adjusting nut can move the right end of the adjusting plate upward or downward to reach 4. Adjust the proportion of the upper and lower ends of the cross flow chamber.
  • the adjustable range of the right end of the adjusting plate does not exceed 2/3 of the vertical distance between the lower cover of the conveying trough and the bottom plate of the trough.
  • the lower cover of the trough is parallel to the bottom plate of the trough.
  • the distance between the lower cover of the trough and the bottom of the trough is Wd ⁇ 50 mm.
  • the hot air flow rate at the outlet of the air supply shroud ranges from 5 m/s to 12 m/s.
  • the wet material conveying and feeding device of the cross-flow hot air type combine harvester of the present invention is composed of hot air pumping and material conveying.
  • the hot air pumping part uses a gas pump to extract waste hot air flow from the engine radiator of the combine harvester through a pipeline.
  • the waste hot air stream is quickly transported outwards to provide a fast flowing hot air flow for the entire cross-flow hot air combine harvester wet material feed feeder.
  • the material conveying part is generally composed of an upper and lower two-layer structure, which is composed of an upper layer chain-type conveying trough structure A and a lower-layer cross-flow wind chamber structure B, which functions as a hot air drying and a forced conveying feed for the wet materials.
  • the chain-type conveying trough structure A plays a role of forced conveying and feeding of the material
  • the cross-flow plenum structure B functions as a hot air guiding drying, a gas blowing auxiliary feeding and a forced feeding of the cross-flow wind wheel.
  • the wet material conveying and feeding device of the cross-flow hot air type combine harvester of the present invention can fully utilize the waste heat generated by the engine body when the combine harvester is working, and can not only make full use of the waste heat generated by the engine heat dissipation port, Reducing the heat radiation and aging of the engine high temperature to the surrounding installation facilities, and significantly reducing the engine operating temperature of the combine harvester, ensuring the performance of the engine, improving engine operating stability and reliability; and, at the same time, the cross flow of the present invention
  • the hot air type combine harvester feeds the feeding device, accelerates the suction and heat flow generated by the engine through the air pump, and guides the pipeline to the crossflow air chamber below the trough, so that after the wet agricultural materials are harvested in the field, Before entering the threshing step, the hot air flow is heated from bottom to top throughout the conveying process, which can significantly reduce the moisture content of wet agricultural materials, avoid the transportation and threshing blockage caused by moisture, improve the smoothness of wet material transportation, and
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a wet material conveying and feeding device of a cross-flow hot air type combine harvester according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the material conveying portion of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial schematic view of a portion of the cross-flow plenum structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the structure of the micro-wind guide in the cross-flow plenum structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing a cross-flow wind wheel in the cross-flow chamber structure of the present invention.
  • the wet material conveying and feeding device of the cross-flow hot air type combine harvester of the present invention is composed of hot air pumping and material conveying.
  • the hot air pumping part uses the air pump to extract the waste hot air from the engine radiator of the combine harvester through the pipeline, and the waste hot air flow is quickly transported outward, providing a fast flow for the whole cross-flow hot air combine harvester wet material feeding and feeding device.
  • the hot air flow is composed of an engine radiator 1, a draft baffle 2, an exhaust duct 3, an air pump 4, a supply duct 5, and a air supply duct 6.
  • One end of the exhaust duct 3 is connected to the engine radiator 1 through the draft air duct 2, and the other end of the air duct 3 is connected to the air inlet of the air pump 4; one end of the air duct 5 is connected to the air outlet of the air pump 4, and the air is blown.
  • the other end of the duct 5 is connected to the air supply guide 6.
  • the hot air flow rate at the outlet of the air supply shroud 6 ranges from 5 m/s to 12 m/s, and the arrangement of the hot air pumping pipe space is determined by the specific model.
  • the material conveying part is generally an upper and lower two-layer structure, which is an upper layer chain-type conveying trough structure A and a lower-layer cross-flow wind chamber structure B, which are used for hot air drying and forced conveying and feeding of wet materials.
  • the chain-type conveying trough structure A plays a role of forced conveying and feeding of materials, and is located at the upper part of the material conveying part, and is composed of a driving sprocket 7, a driven sprocket 8, a conveying chain 9, a chain 10, and a conveying tank housing 11.
  • the drive sprocket 7 is connected to the driven sprocket 8 through the conveyor chain 9 and receives power input from the engine of the combine harvester.
  • the diameter of the drive sprocket 7 is larger than the diameter of the driven sprocket 8; the chain raft 10 is L-shaped. It is connected to the conveyor chain 9 by riveting and is equally spaced in the circumferential direction of the conveyor chain 9.
  • the trough housing 11 is composed of a trough upper cover 11-a, a trough lower cover 11-b, and two side plates 11-c of the trough, and the trough upper cover 11-a and the trough lower cover 11- b is not parallel, the material inlet end width of the trough housing 11 is larger than the material outlet end width, and the two sides of the trough plate 11-c are respectively processed with two through holes for assembling the driving sprocket 7 and the driven sprocket 8 and
  • the bearing housing; the chain 10 and the trough bottom cover 11-b of the trough housing 11 maintain a gap of 5 to 10 mm for forming a material conveying feed space.
  • the cross-flow plenum structure B functions as a hot air guiding dry, a gas blowing auxiliary feeding and a forced feeding of the cross-flow wind wheel, and is located in the lower part of the chain-type conveying trough structure A, and is installed under the trough lower cover 11-b.
  • the trough bottom cover 11-b and the trough bottom plate 12 are parallel to each other with a vertical spacing Wd ⁇ 50 mm therebetween.
  • the lower end of the cross-flow plenum structure B is an air inlet and is connected to the air supply hood 6.
  • the trough bottom cover 11-b is processed with a series of air outlets and air guiding microstructures, which are driven by hot air, and the air guiding microstructures are located at the air outlets.
  • the air outlet structure is equally spaced on the lower cover 11-b of the trough, the spacing l ranges from 25 to 60 mm; the air outlet width s ranges from 5 to 12 mm; the air guiding microstructure is the same as the trough cover 11- b has a plate-like structure with an angle, the angle between the wind guiding microstructure and the trough bottom cover 11-b is 10° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 25°, and the vertical line of the apex p of the superconducting wind microstructure must be the lower cover of the trough
  • the plates 11-b intersect, and the length d of the vertical line of the vertex p and the trough bottom cover 11-b is ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the air chamber cavity adjusting mechanism 13 is composed of an adjusting plate 13-a and an adjusting nut 13-b, wherein the left end of the adjusting plate 13-a is connected to the left end of the trough bottom plate 12 by a hinge, and the right end has an L structure and passes through the trough bottom plate.
  • the adjusting nut 13-b is adjacent to the structure of the right end L of the adjusting plate 13-a, and is connected to the trough bottom plate 12 through the screw hole, and the adjusting nut 13-b can be adjusted by the adjusting plate 13-a
  • the right end moves up or down to adjust the ratio of the upper and lower ends of the cross-flow chamber cavity; the right end of the adjustment plate 13-a is adjustable upwardly beyond the vertical spacing of the trough lower cover 11-b and the trough bottom plate 12 2/3.
  • the cross flow wind wheel 14 is located at the upper end of the cross flow wind chamber structure B, and functions as a three-in-one suction, diversion and forced feed by the wind turbine shaft 14-a and the plane blade 14-b.
  • the rim 14-c, the cross-flow vane 14-d, the wind turbine casing 14-e, and the wind turbine access cover 14-f are composed.
  • the cross-flow wind wheel 14 has a circular structure as a whole, and the inner and outer sides are closed by end plates.
  • the axial position of the wind wheel shaft 14-a must be below the extension line of the trough bottom plate 12, and one end of the wind wheel shaft 14-a is supported by the bearing seat.
  • the other end is connected with the speed-regulating drive motor;
  • the four plane blades 14-b are distributed on the circumference at a 90° pitch, and are fixed to the wind wheel shaft 14-a by riveting with the support ribs;
  • the rim 14- c is fixed to the circumferential top end of the planar blade 14-b by welding, and the rim 14-c is required to be tangent to the extension line of the trough lower cover 11-b;
  • the cross-flow vane 14-d is a thin sheet bent structure, The bottom is welded with the rim 14-c and distributed at an interval of 30° on the rim 14-c.
  • the top is bent backward in the direction of rotation, and the back inclination angle ⁇ of the bend is 5°-20°.
  • the height of the flow vane 14-d is in the range of 10 mm to 25 mm, and does not interfere with the movement of the chain loop 10; in order to form a better air guiding effect, the trough lower cover 11-b is on the left side of the cross flow wind wheel 14
  • the air guiding microstructure of the joint is an arc structure with a height of 3 mm to 5 mm, and a gap of 1 mm to 2 mm from the top trajectory of the cross-flow blade 14-d.
  • the cover plate 11-b is a light plate structure at the right side of the cross flow wind wheel 14 and naturally intersects with the wind wheel outer casing 14-e; the wind wheel outer casing 14-e is located below the cross flow wind wheel 14 and has a circumferential curved surface structure.
  • the inner side and the cross-flow vane maintain a gap of 2 mm; the wind wheel access cover 14-f is a curved surface structure and is located directly below the wind wheel housing 14-e with an arc range of 60° to 90°.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，由热风抽送和物料输送两部分组成。热风抽送部分用抽气泵（4）经由抽风管道（3）从联合收割机的发动机散热器（1）抽取废弃热气流，为物料输送喂入装置提供热气流。物料输送部分由链耙式输送槽结构（A）和贯流风室结构（B）组成，链耙式输送槽结构（A）位于贯流风室结构（B）上部，用于强制输送和喂入物料；贯流风室结构（B）利用热风干燥物料、吹送辅助喂入物料以及利用贯流风轮（14）强制喂入物料。该喂入装置利用联合收割机发动机产生的余热对潮湿物料的输送喂入过程进行辅助吹送和烘干，能降低发动机温度、减少高温对周围装置的热辐射和老化作用，而且能降低潮湿农业物料的水分含量、避免因潮湿产生的堵塞。

Description

一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置 技术领域
本发明属于农业机械领域，特别涉及一种机械化联合收获潮湿作物时的物料输送喂入装置。
背景技术
机械化联合收获的一般环节包括切割、输送、脱粒、分离和清选等，其中，输送环节起到物料输送和喂入的作用，是作物进行脱粒之前的关键过渡性环节。输送喂入装置的承载能力与整机的作业能力直接相关，输送喂入过程的顺畅性则直接关系到后续若干作业环节的效率，因而，机械化联合收获中的输送喂入装置十分重要。
目前主流联合收获机的物料输送喂入装置采用的都是链耙式输送结构，该结构主要由前后链轮、输送链、耙齿、输送槽壳体和张紧调节机构等组成，其中输送槽壳体在物料入口端开口较大、在物料输出端开口较小，耙齿固定在输送链上并随输送链运动，工作时通过耙齿的连续推送作用实现物料的输送和喂入。然而，在机械化联合收获潮湿作物时，由于作物茎秆及籽粒含水率高、粘性大，往往会在机械化联合收获的物料输送环节造成不同程度的堵塞问题，严重制约物料的输送和喂入效率，从而显著降低了整机的作业效率。
专利号为CN201520240882.9的实用新型专利公开了一种埋刮板输送装置，由箱体、驱动轮、从动轮、牵引链和刮板等部分组成，主要通过在箱体内部卸料口上方设置隔板对刮板上的物料产生阻滞作用而达到避免物料堵塞的目的。该专利公布的技术方案和思路是采用强制作用解决物料的堵塞问题，可用于散体颗粒的输运，不能用于机械化联合收获中的作物输送及喂入。
专利号为CN201320265279.7的实用新型专利公开了一种联合收割机输送槽防缠草结构，由主动轴、主动链轮、输送槽壳体和被动辊轮组件等部分组成，主要是通过增加主动轴及被动轴的直径(亦即增加圆周长度)达到避免主动轴和被动轴缠草的效果。该专利公布的技术方案仅从作物的收获高度(喂入作物的长度)出发，通过简单地增加主被动轴的圆周长度期望达到避免缠草的目的，没有充分考虑潮湿作物本身(包括茎秆和籽粒)的高含水率特性，忽略了潮湿作物在输送过程中因湿粘特性而造成的粘附堵塞和阻滞堵塞等本质问题。
专利号为CN201420722484.6的实用新型专利公开了一种防止物料堵塞的输送机，由电机减速机、外管体、螺旋输送轴等部分组成，主要技术方案是在阶段时间内分别通过内置加热管对螺旋输送轴内的板结物料进行加热和外置震打装置对外管体进行震打，达到防止螺旋输送装置内物料堵塞的目的。该专利公布的技术方案在解决物料输送过程中的堵塞问题时，考虑到了物料自身的潮湿特性并采用了加热和震打的方式，但该方法仅能用于阶段性的工作方式，且是在物料堵塞发生之后才能发挥作用，不具备持续效力和预防功能。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术的不足之处，为了在机械化联合收获潮湿作物时保障潮湿作物的输送喂入效率并避免输送喂入堵塞，提供了一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，包括热风抽送和物料输送两部分组成，热风抽送部分由发动机散热器、抽风导流罩、抽风管道、抽气泵、送风管道、送风导流罩组成，抽风管道一端通过抽风导流罩与发动机散热器相连，另一端与抽气泵的进风口相连；送风管道的一端与抽气泵的出风口相连，另一端与送风导流罩相连；物料输送部分包括上下并排的链耙式输送槽结构A和贯流风室结构B，链耙式输送槽结构A由输送槽壳体、以及位于输送槽壳体内的主动链轮、从动链轮、输送链、链耙组成，输送槽壳体为物料输送空间，主动链轮通过输送链与从动链轮相连，链耙为L形结构，通过铆接方式与输送链相连、并等间距分布在输送链周长方向；
贯流风室结构B位于链耙式输送槽结构A的下部，包括装在输送槽下盖板下方的输送槽底板，输送槽底板与输送槽壳体的底面一起构成贯流风室，贯流风室结构B的下端为入风口且与送风导流罩相连，输送槽壳体的底面上加工有一系列出风口和导风微结构，导风微结构位于出风口处，将气流导向为朝向物料喂入口的方向。
进一步地，输送槽壳体由输送槽上盖板、输送槽下盖板、输送槽两侧板组成，输送槽上盖板与输送槽下盖板不平行，输送槽壳体的物料入口端宽度大于物料出口端宽度，链耙与输送槽壳体的输送槽下盖板保持有5～10mm的间隙，用以形成物料输送喂入空间。
进一步地，出风口在输送槽下盖板上、且等间距分布，间距l范围25～60mm；出风口宽度s范围5～12mm。
进一步地，导风微结构为与输送槽下盖板具有夹角的板状结构，导风微结构为与输 送槽下盖板的夹角为10°≤β≤25°，导风微结构顶点p的铅垂线必须与输送槽下盖板相交、且顶点p与输送槽下盖板的垂线段长度d≤5mm。
进一步地，所述贯流风室上端设置有贯流风轮，贯流风轮的风轮轴的轴心位置必须在输送槽底板的延长线下方。
进一步地，所述贯流风轮由风轮轴、平面叶片、轮圈、贯流叶片、风轮外壳、风轮检修盖构成，风轮轴的一端由轴承座支撑，另一端与调速驱动电机相连接；多个平面叶片通过铆接方式与支撑筋相连固定在风轮轴上、并在在圆周均匀分布上；轮圈焊接在平面叶片的圆周顶端，且轮圈与输送槽下盖板的延长线相切；贯流叶片为两段式折弯状薄片，底部焊接在轮圈上，且多个贯流叶片轮圈上均匀分布，位于贯流叶片顶部的一段朝向贯流风轮的沿旋转方向的反方向折弯，贯流叶片不与链耙的运动产生干涉；风轮外壳位于贯流风轮的下方两端分别与输送槽底板、输送槽下盖板相连。
进一步地，多个贯流叶片在轮圈上相隔30°等间距分布。
进一步地，贯流叶片的折弯角α为5°～20°。
进一步地，输送槽下盖板与贯流风轮相配合处的导风微结构为弧形结构、且高度为3mm～5mm、与贯流叶片顶部轨迹线间隙1mm～2mm；输送槽下盖板在贯流风轮上方部分为密封板。
进一步地，位于风轮外壳正下方设有弧度范围为60°～90°风轮检修盖。
进一步地，所述贯流风室内部设置有风室型腔调节机构，所述风室型腔调节机构包括调节板和调节螺母；调节板的一端与输送槽底板下端铰链，另一端端呈L结构并穿过输送槽底板上端的矩形孔而自由放置；调节螺母靠近调节板右端L结构处、并通过螺纹孔与输送槽底板相连；旋转调节螺母可使调节板的右端向上或向下移动，达到调节贯流风室型腔上下端比例的作用.
进一步地，调节板的右端向上可调节范围不超过输送槽下盖板与输送槽底板垂直间距的2/3。
进一步地，输送槽下盖板与输送槽底板相平行。
进一步地，输送槽下盖板与输送槽底板之间的间距Wd≤50mm。
进一步地，送风导流罩出口处的热气流速度范围5m/s～12m/s。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，由热风抽送和物料输送两部分组成，热风抽送部分是用气泵经由管道从联合收割机的发动机散热器抽取废弃 热气流、并将废弃热气流向外进行快速输送，为整个贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置提供快速流动的热气流。物料输送部分总体为上下两层结构，由上层的链耙式输送槽结构A和下层的贯流风室结构B组成，对潮湿物料起热风干燥和强制输送喂入作用。链耙式输送槽结构A对物料起强制输送和喂入的作用，贯流风室结构B起热风导流干燥、气流吹送辅助喂入和贯流风轮强制喂入的作用。
本发明所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置能够充分利用联合收割机工作时发动机机体产生的废弃余热，通过在发动机散热口进行抽吸作用，不仅能物尽其用、减少发动机高温对周围装置设施的热辐射和老化作用，而且能显著降低联合收割机的发动机工作温度、保障发动机的工作性能、提高发动机工作稳定性与可靠性；同时，本发明所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，将发动机产生的废弃热气流经由抽气泵加速抽吸、输送并由管道导引至输送槽下方的贯流风室内，使潮湿农业物料在田间收割之后、进入脱粒环节之前就在输送环节全过程中得到热气流由下至上的贯穿加热，能显著降低潮湿农业物料的水分含量、避免因潮湿产生的输送和脱粒堵塞、提高潮湿物料输送顺畅性，且十分有利于保障后续脱粒、清选环节的作业性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明所述物料输送部分结构示意图。
图3是本发明所述贯流风室结构部分局部示意图。
图4是本发明所述贯流风室结构中微导风结构局部放大示意图。
图5是本发明所述贯流风室机结构中贯流风轮局部放大示意图。
图中，
1.发动机散热器，2.抽风导流罩，3.抽风管道，4.抽气泵，5.送风管道，6.送风导流罩，7.主动链轮，8.从动链轮，9.输送链，10.链耙，11.输送槽壳体，12.输送槽底板，13.风室型腔调节机构，14.贯流风轮；11-a.输送槽上盖板，11-b.输送槽下盖板，11-c.输送槽两侧板；13-a.调节板，13-b.调节螺母；14-a.风轮轴，14-b.平面叶片，14-c.轮圈，14-d.贯流叶片，14-e.风轮外壳，14-f.风轮检修盖。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，本发明所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，由热风 抽送和物料输送两部分组成。热风抽送部分是用气泵经由管道从联合收割机的发动机散热器抽取废弃热气流、并将废弃热气流向外进行快速输送，为整个贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置提供快速流动的热气流，由发动机散热器1、抽风导流罩2、抽风管道3、抽气泵4、送风管道5、送风导流罩6组成。抽风管道3的一端通过抽风导流罩2与发动机散热器1相连，抽风管道3的另一端与抽气泵4的进风口相连；送风管道5的一端与抽气泵4的出风口相连，送风管道5的另一端与送风导流罩6相连。送风导流罩6出口处的热气流速度范围5m/s～12m/s，热风抽送管道空间的布置由具体机型决定。
如图2所示，物料输送部分总体为上下两层结构，分别为上层的链耙式输送槽结构A和下层的贯流风室结构B，对潮湿物料起热风干燥和强制输送喂入作用。链耙式输送槽结构A对物料起强制输送和喂入的作用，位于物料输送部分的上部，由主动链轮7、从动链轮8、输送链9、链耙10、输送槽壳体11组成；主动链轮7通过输送链9与从动链轮8相连，从联合收割机的发动机接受动力输入，主动链轮7的直径大于从动链轮8的直径；链耙10为L形结构，通过铆接方式与输送链9相连，并等间距分布在输送链9周长方向。输送槽壳体11由输送槽上盖板11-a、输送槽下盖板11-b、输送槽两侧板11-c组成，输送槽上盖板11-a与输送槽下盖板11-b不平行，输送槽壳体11的物料入口端宽度大于物料出口端宽度，输送槽两侧板11-c分别加工有两个通孔，用于装配主动链轮7和从动链轮8及配套轴承座；链耙10与输送槽壳体11的输送槽下盖板11-b保持有5～10mm的间隙，用以形成物料输送喂入空间。
贯流风室结构B起热风导流干燥、气流吹送辅助喂入和贯流风轮强制喂入的作用，位于链耙式输送槽结构A的下部，包括装在输送槽下盖板11-b下方的输送槽底板12，输送槽底板12与输送槽壳体11的底面一起构成贯流风室。由输送槽底板12、风室型腔调节机构13、贯流风轮14组成，如图3、图4所示。输送槽下盖板11-b与输送槽底板12相互平行，两者之间的垂直间距Wd≤50mm。贯流风室结构B的下端为入风口且与送风导流罩6相连。输送槽下盖板11-b上加工有一系列出风口和导风微结构，起热风导出作用，导风微结构位于出风口处。具体要求为：出风口结构在输送槽下盖板11-b上等间距分布，间距l范围25～60mm；出风口宽度s范围5～12mm；导风微结构为与输送槽下盖板11-b具有夹角的板状结构，导风微结构与输送槽下盖板11-b的夹角10°≤β≤25°，过导风微结构顶点p的铅垂线必须与输送槽下盖板11-b相交、且顶点p与输送槽下盖板11-b的垂线段长度d≤5mm。
风室型腔调节机构13由调节板13-a和调节螺母13-b组成，其中，调节板13-a的左端与输送槽底板12左端通过铰链相连，右端呈L结构并穿过输送槽底板12右端的矩形孔而自由放置；调节螺母13-b靠近调节板13-a右端L结构处、并通过螺纹孔与输送槽底板12相连，旋转调节螺母13-b可使调节板13-a的右端向上或向下移动，达到调节贯流风室型腔上下端比例的作用；要求调节板13-a的右端向上可调节范围不超过输送槽下盖板11-b与输送槽底板12垂直间距的2/3。
如图2和图5所示，贯流风轮14位于贯流风室结构B的上端，起吸风、导流和强制喂入三合一的作用，由风轮轴14-a、平面叶片14-b、轮圈14-c、贯流叶片14-d、风轮外壳14-e、风轮检修盖14-f组成。
贯流风轮14整体为圆形结构，内外两侧有端盖板封闭，风轮轴14-a的轴心位置必须在输送槽底板12的延长线下方，风轮轴14-a的一端由轴承座支撑，另一端与调速驱动电机相连接；平面叶片14-b为4个，按90°间距分布在圆周上，并通过铆接方式与支撑筋相连固定在风轮轴14-a上；轮圈14-c通过焊接方式固定在平面叶片14-b的圆周顶端，且要求轮圈14-c与输送槽下盖板11-b的延长线相切；贯流叶片14-d为一薄片折弯结构，底部与轮圈14-c焊接而成、且相隔30°等间距分布在轮圈14-c上，顶部沿旋转方向向后折弯，折弯的后倾角α为5°～20°，要求贯流叶片14-d的高度在10mm～25mm范围内、且不与链耙10的运动产生干涉；为形成较好的导风效果，输送槽下盖板11-b在贯流风轮14左侧相配合处的导风微结构为弧形结构、且高度为3mm～5mm、与贯流叶片14-d顶部轨迹线间隙1mm～2mm，输送槽下盖板11-b在贯流风轮14右侧相配合处为一光板结构、且与风轮外壳14-e自然相交；风轮外壳14-e位于贯流风轮14的下方，为圆周弧面结构，内侧与贯流叶片保持2mm间隙；风轮检修盖14-f为弧面结构且位于风轮外壳14-e正下方，弧度范围60°～90°。
所述具体实施方案为本发明的优选实施方案，但本发明并不限于上述实施方案，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变形均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，包括热风抽送和物料输送两部分组成，
    热风抽送部分由发动机散热器(1)、抽风导流罩(2)、抽风管道(3)、抽气泵(4)、送风管道(5)、送风导流罩(6)组成，抽风管道(3)一端通过抽风导流罩(2)与发动机散热器(1)相连，另一端与抽气泵(4)的进风口相连；送风管道(5)的一端与抽气泵(4)的出风口相连，另一端与送风导流罩(6)相连；
    物料输送部分包括上下并排的链耙式输送槽结构A和贯流风室结构B，链耙式输送槽结构A由输送槽壳体(11)、以及位于输送槽壳体(11)内的主动链轮(7)、从动链轮(8)、输送链(9)、链耙(10)组成，输送槽壳体(11)为物料输送空间，主动链轮(7)通过输送链(9)与从动链轮(8)相连，链耙(10)为L形结构，通过铆接方式与输送链(9)相连、并等间距分布在输送链(9)周长方向；
    贯流风室结构B位于链耙式输送槽结构A的下部，包括装在输送槽下盖板(11-b)下方的输送槽底板(12)，输送槽底板(12)与输送槽壳体(11)的底面一起构成贯流风室，贯流风室结构B的下端为入风口且与送风导流罩(6)相连，输送槽壳体(11)的底面上加工有一系列出风口和导风微结构，导风微结构位于出风口处，将气流导向为朝向物料喂入口的方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：输送槽壳体(11)由输送槽上盖板(11-a)、输送槽下盖板(11-b)、输送槽两侧板(11-c)组成，输送槽上盖板(11-a)与输送槽下盖板(11-b)不平行，输送槽壳体(11)的物料入口端宽度大于物料出口端宽度，链耙(10)与输送槽壳体(11)的输送槽下盖板(11-b)保持有5～10mm的间隙，用以形成物料输送喂入空间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：出风口在输送槽下盖板(11-b)上、且等间距分布，间距l范围25～60mm；出风口宽度s范围5～12mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：导风微结构为与输送槽下盖板(11-b)具有夹角的板状结构，导风微结构为与输送槽下盖板(11-b)的夹角为10°≤β≤25°，导风微结构顶点p的铅垂线必须与输送槽下盖板(11-b)相交、且顶点p与输送槽下盖板(11-b)的垂线段长度d≤5mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在 于：所述贯流风室上端设置有贯流风轮(14)，贯流风轮(14)的风轮轴(14-a)的轴心位置必须在输送槽底板(12)的延长线下方。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：所述贯流风轮(14)由风轮轴(14-a)、平面叶片(14-b)、轮圈(14-c)、贯流叶片(14-d)、风轮外壳(14-e)、风轮检修盖(14-f)构成，风轮轴(14-a)的一端由轴承座支撑，另一端与调速驱动电机相连接；多个平面叶片(14-b)固定在风轮轴(14-a)上、并在在圆周均匀分布上；轮圈(14-c)焊接在平面叶片(14-b)的圆周顶端，且轮圈(14-c)与输送槽下盖板(11-b)的延长线相切；贯流叶片(14-d)为两段式折弯状薄片，底部焊接在轮圈(14-c)上，且多个贯流叶片(14-d)轮圈(14-c)上均匀分布，位于贯流叶片(14-d)顶部的一段朝向贯流风轮(14)的沿旋转方向的反方向折弯，贯流叶片(14-d)不与链耙(10)的运动产生干涉；风轮外壳(14-e)位于贯流风轮(14)的下方两端分别与输送槽底板(12)、输送槽下盖板(11-b)相连。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：多个贯流叶片(14-d)在轮圈(14-c)上相隔30°等间距分布。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：贯流叶片(14-d)的折弯角α为5°～20°。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：输送槽下盖板(11-b)与贯流风轮(14)相配合处的导风微结构为弧形结构、且高度为3mm～5mm、与贯流叶片(14-d)顶部轨迹线间隙1mm～2mm；输送槽下盖板(11-b)在贯流风轮(14)上方部分为密封板。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：位于风轮外壳(14-e)正下方设有弧度范围为60°～90°风轮检修盖(14-f)。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：所述贯流风室内部设置有风室型腔调节机构(13)，所述风室型腔调节机构(13)包括调节板(13-a)和调节螺母(13-b)；调节板(13-a)的一端与输送槽底板(12)下端铰链，另一端端呈L结构并穿过输送槽底板(12)上端的矩形孔而自由放置；调节螺母(13-b)靠近调节板(13-a)右端L结构处、并通过螺纹孔与输送槽底板(12)相连；旋转调节螺母(13-b)可使调节板(13-a)的右端向上或向下移动，达到调节贯流风室型腔上下端比例的作用.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：调节板(13-a)的右端向上可调节范围不超过输送槽下盖板(11-b)与输送槽底板 (12)垂直间距的2/3。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12项所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：输送槽下盖板(11-b)与输送槽底板(12)相平行。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：输送槽下盖板(11-b)与输送槽底板(12)之间的间距Wd≤50mm。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的贯流热风式联合收割机潮湿物料输送喂入装置，其特征在于：送风导流罩(6)出口处的热气流速度范围5m/s～12m/s。
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