WO2019093345A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2019093345A1 WO2019093345A1 PCT/JP2018/041259 JP2018041259W WO2019093345A1 WO 2019093345 A1 WO2019093345 A1 WO 2019093345A1 JP 2018041259 W JP2018041259 W JP 2018041259W WO 2019093345 A1 WO2019093345 A1 WO 2019093345A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display device using quantum dots.
- the organic EL device is configured by laminating an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a cathode on a substrate.
- Such an organic EL element is formed of an organic compound, and emits light by excitons generated by the recombination of electrons and holes injected into the organic compound.
- the quantum dot is a nanoparticle having a particle diameter of several nm to several tens of nm, which is composed of several hundreds to several thousands of atoms. Quantum dots are also called fluorescent nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, or nanocrystals.
- the quantum dot has a feature that the emission wavelength can be variously changed according to the particle size and the composition of the nanoparticle.
- a light emitting element using a quantum dot can realize thinning and surface emission similarly to the organic EL element.
- This invention is made in view of this point, and it aims at providing the display provided with the light emitting element containing a quantum dot.
- the present invention is a display device including a display area, wherein the display area includes a first electrode, a layer between the first electrode and a light emitting layer, the light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer and the second electrode. And a light emitting element in which the second electrode is stacked on the substrate in this order, the light emitting layer is formed of an inorganic layer containing quantum dots, and the light emitting element has a bottom emission. It is characterized by being a type.
- all layers from the first electrode to the second electrode are formed of an inorganic layer.
- the layer between the first electrode and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer, and the layer between the light emitting layer and the second electrode are preferably the inorganic layer formed of nanoparticles. .
- the display device preferably has flexibility.
- the quantum dots have a structure in which the surface of the core is not covered by the shell.
- At least one of the layer between the first electrode and the light emitting layer, the light emitting layer, and the layer between the light emitting layer and the second electrode is formed by an inkjet method. Is preferred.
- all layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode be formed by coating.
- all layers from the anode to the cathode can be formed of an inorganic layer.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a thin film transistor different from FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element in the first embodiment, and
- FIG. 4B is an energy level diagram of each layer in the display device of the first embodiment.
- It is a schematic diagram of the quantum dot in this embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element of embodiment different from FIG.
- FIG. 7A is an energy level diagram in the case of using a quantum dot of a core-shell structure, and FIG.
- FIG. 7B is an energy level diagram in the case of using a quantum dot of a structure in which the core is not covered by a shell.
- 8A is a cross-sectional view of a light emitting device different from that of FIG. 4, and FIG. 8B is an energy level diagram of each layer in the light emitting device of FIG. 8A. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element of embodiment different from FIG.
- FIG. 10A is an energy level diagram in the case of using a quantum dot of a core-shell structure
- FIG. 10B is an energy level diagram in the case of using a quantum dot of a structure in which the core is not covered by a shell.
- It is a schematic diagram which shows the process of forming an inorganic layer by the inkjet method.
- It is a PL data of the electron transport layer ZnO is used (ETL) X (Li) and ZnO X (K).
- a PYS data of the electron transport layer ZnO is used (ETL) X (Li) and ZnO X (K).
- 22A and 22B are schematic diagrams showing a configuration for improving the extraction efficiency in the bottom emission type.
- a plurality of display areas 2 are arranged in a matrix.
- display area 2 red light emitting area 2 a emitting red light, green light emitting area 2 b emitting green light, and blue light emitting area 2 c emitting blue light.
- red light emitting area 2 a emitting red light
- green light emitting area 2 b emitting green light
- blue light emitting area 2 c emitting blue light.
- These three light emitting regions 2a, 2n, 2c for example, are arranged in a row direction to form one set, and constitute one pixel (pixel) in color display.
- a light emitting element 3 is formed in each of the light emitting regions 2a, 2b and 2c. The layer structure of the light emitting element 3 will be described later.
- a thin film transistor (TFT) 4 is connected to each light emitting element 3.
- the light emitting element 3 is a bottom emission type.
- the thin film transistor 4 is configured by laminating a gate electrode 4a, a channel layer 4b, a gate insulating film (not shown), a drain electrode 4c, a source electrode 4d and the like on a substrate 5.
- the material of the channel layer 4 b is not limited, it is a P-type semiconductor, and is formed of, for example, amorphous silicon.
- the thin film transistor 4 shown in FIG. 2 is a top contact-bottom gate type, but may be a bottom contact-bottom gate type.
- the source electrode 4 d is connected to the power supply line, and the drain electrode 4 c is connected to the light emitting element 3.
- the thin film transistor 4 may be a top gate type shown in FIG.
- a channel layer 4b is formed on a substrate 5, and the surface of the channel layer 4 is covered with a gate insulating film 4e.
- the gate electrode 4a is formed on the surface of the gate insulating film 4e.
- the surface of the gate electrode 4a is covered with an insulating film 4f.
- a plurality of through holes penetrating the gate insulating film 4e and the insulating film 4f and communicating with the channel layer 4b are formed, and the drain electrode 4c and the source electrode 4d are formed through the respective through holes.
- the surfaces of the drain electrode 4 c and the source electrode 4 d are covered with a protective film 7.
- a transparent electrode connected to the drain electrode 4 c and the source electrode 4 d is formed on the surface of the protective film 7.
- the transparent electrode 8 shown in FIG. 3 communicates with the drain electrode 4c.
- the channel layer 4b of the thin film transistor 4 shown in FIG. 3 is formed of, for example, P-Si.
- the display device 1 has a structure in which the thin film transistor 4 and the light emitting element 3 are interposed between a pair of substrates 5 and 6, and a sealing resin (not shown) forms a frame between the substrates 5 and 6. Between the substrates 5 and 6 via the sealing resin.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element in the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B is an energy level diagram of each layer in the display device of the first embodiment.
- the light emitting element 3 includes a substrate 10, an anode 11 formed on the substrate, and a hole transport layer (HTL: Hole Transport Layer) 12 formed on the anode 11.
- a cathode (Cathode) 15 In this embodiment, the anode 11 is configured as a first electrode, and the cathode 15 is configured as a second electrode.
- FIG. 4B shows energy level models of the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13 and the electron transport layer 14, respectively.
- the holes transported in the hole transport layer 12 are injected from the HOMO level of the hole transport layer 12 to the HOMO level of the light emitting layer 13.
- electrons transported from the electron transport layer 14 are injected from the LUMO level of the electron transport layer 14 to the LUMO level of the light emitting layer 13. Then, the holes and the electrons are recombined in the light emitting layer 13, the quantum dots in the light emitting layer 13 are in an excited state, and light emission can be obtained from the excited quantum dots.
- the light emitting layer 13 is formed of an inorganic layer containing quantum dots.
- the configuration and material of the quantum dot are not limited, for example, the quantum dot in the present embodiment is a nanoparticle having a particle diameter of about several nm to several tens of nm.
- quantum dots CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe , ZnSeS, ZnTe, ZnTeS, InP, (Zn) AgInS 2, is formed by (Zn) CuInS 2, and the like. Since Cd is restricted in its use in various countries due to its toxicity, it is preferable that quantum dots do not contain Cd.
- a large number of organic ligands 21 are preferably coordinated to the surface of the quantum dot 20. Thereby, aggregation of quantum dot 20 comrades can be suppressed and the optical characteristic made into the objective expresses.
- the ligand which can be used for reaction is not specifically limited, For example, the following ligands are mentioned as a typical thing.
- the quantum dot 20 shown to FIG. 5B is a core-shell structure which has the core 20a and the shell 20b coat
- the core 20a of the quantum dot 20 shown in FIG. 5B is a nanoparticle shown in FIG. 5A. Therefore, the core 20a is formed of, for example, the materials listed above.
- the material of the shell 20b is not limited, it is made of, for example, zinc sulfide (ZnS) or the like. It is preferable that the shell 20b does not contain cadmium (Cd) as well as the core 20a.
- the shell 20 b may be in a solid solution state on the surface of the core 20 a. Although the boundary between the core 20a and the shell 20b is shown by a dotted line in FIG. 5B, this indicates that the boundary between the core 20a and the shell 20b may or may not be confirmed by analysis.
- the light emitting layer 13 may be formed of only the quantum dots listed above, or may include a quantum dot and another fluorescent material.
- the light emitting layer 13 can be formed by applying quantum dots dissolved in a solvent by, for example, an inkjet method, and some solvent component may be left in the light emitting layer 13.
- the light emitting layer 13 of the light emitting element 3 formed in the red light emitting region 2a shown in FIG. 1 contains a red quantum dot that emits red light.
- the light emitting layer 13 of the light emitting element 3 formed in the green light emitting region 2 b shown in FIG. 1 contains green quantum dots that fluoresce green.
- the light emitting layer 13 of the light emitting element 3 formed in the blue light emitting region 2c shown in FIG. 1 contains blue quantum dots that fluoresce in blue.
- the wavelength of blue light emission is preferably about 450 nm. As described above, the health risk can be suppressed by adjusting so as not to emit light with a wavelength shorter than 450 nm.
- the light emitting layer 13 can be formed using an existing thin film forming method such as the above-described ink jet method or vacuum evaporation method.
- the hole transport layer 12 is made of an inorganic substance having the function of transporting holes or an organic substance.
- the hole transport layer 12 is preferably made of an inorganic material, for example, NiO or be formed of an inorganic oxide such as WO 3 is preferable.
- the hole transport layer 12 is preferably formed of, in particular, nanoparticles of NiO.
- the metal oxide may be doped with Li, Mg, Al or the like.
- the hole transport layer 12 may be an inorganic substance other than the inorganic oxide.
- the hole transport layer 12 can be formed by a printing method such as an inkjet method, or can be formed by an existing thin film technology such as a vacuum evaporation method, as in the case of the light emitting layer 13.
- the electron transport layer 14 is made of an inorganic substance or an organic substance having a function of transporting electrons.
- the electron transport layer 14 is preferably made of an inorganic substance, and for example, is preferably formed of an inorganic oxide such as ZnO x , Ti—O, Zn—O, Sn—O, V—O, or Mo—O. . Two or more of these can be selected.
- the electron transport layer 14 is particularly preferably formed of ZnO X nanoparticles.
- the metal oxide may be doped with Li, Mg, Al, Mn or the like.
- the electron transport layer 14 may be an inorganic substance (for example, CsPbBr 3 or the like) other than the inorganic oxide.
- X is not limited, it is about 0.8 to 1.2.
- the electron transport layer 14 can be formed of a solvent containing nanoparticles by a printing method such as an inkjet method, or an existing thin film technology such as a vacuum evaporation method.
- the material of the anode 11 is not limited.
- the anode 11 may be an indium-tin complex oxide (ITO), a metal such as Au, a conductive transparent material such as CuISnO 2 , ZnO X, etc.
- ITO indium-tin complex oxide
- the anode 11 is preferably formed of ITO.
- the anode 11 can be formed on the substrate 10 as a thin film of such an electrode material by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the anode 11 since the light is taken out from the substrate 10 side, the anode 11 needs to be a transparent electrode, and is preferably the above-described metal oxide or a very thin metal film.
- the material of the cathode 15 is not limited in the present embodiment, for example, the cathode 15 can use a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material.
- the electrode material Al, Mg, Li, or a mixture thereof can be mentioned.
- the cathode 15 is preferably formed of Al.
- the cathode 15 can be formed of a thin film of such electrode material by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the material of the substrate 10 is not limited in the present embodiment, the substrate 10 can be formed of, for example, glass, plastic or the like. Since this embodiment is configured to extract light from the substrate 10 side (thin film transistor side), the substrate 10 is preferably a transparent substrate. As a transparent substrate, glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film can be mentioned, for example.
- the substrate 10 may be either a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate, but by using a flexible substrate, flexibility can be obtained.
- the transparent resin film is, for example, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (TAC) or the like.
- the display device 1 of FIG. 2 by making both of the substrates 5 and 6 flexible, the display device 1 can have flexibility.
- the substrates 5 and 6 can also be formed of the same material as the substrate 10.
- the substrate 5 can double as the substrate 10.
- all layers from the anode 11 to the cathode 15, that is, the anode 11, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, the electron transport layer 14 and the cathode 15 can all be formed of an inorganic layer.
- film formation can be performed using the same coating / drying apparatus or the like, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the magnitude relationship of the HOMO levels from the anode 11 to the hole transport layer 12 and the light emitting layer 13 can be optimized, and the magnitude relationship of the LUMO levels from the cathode 15 to the electron transport layer 14 and the light emitting layer 13 is optimized.
- the carrier balance can be improved as compared with the case of using an organic compound.
- the number of layers can be reduced without forming the hole injection layer and the electron injection layer separately from the transport layer.
- the transport layer can also serve as the injection layer.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device of the second embodiment.
- the anode 11, the hole injection layer (HIL: Hole Injection layer) 16, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, the electron transport layer 14, and the cathode 15 are stacked in this order on the substrate 10. ing.
- the hole injection layer 16 is included between the anode 11 and the hole transport layer 12.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device of the third embodiment.
- the anode 11, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, the electron transport layer 14, the electron injection layer (EIL: Electron Injection Layer) 18, and the cathode 15 are stacked in this order on the substrate 10. There is.
- an electron injection layer 18 is included between the electron transport layer 14 and the cathode 15.
- FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device of the fourth embodiment.
- the anode 11, the hole injection layer 16, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, the electron transport layer 14, the electron injection layer 18, and the cathode 15 are stacked in this order on the substrate 10.
- the hole injection layer 16 is included between the anode 11 and the hole transport layer 12, and the electron injection layer 18 is further included between the electron transport layer 14 and the cathode 15.
- the material of the hole injection layer 16 and the electron injection layer 18 is not limited and may be an inorganic substance or an organic substance, but by forming the hole injection layer 16 and the electron injection layer 18 with an inorganic layer, the anode 11 to the cathode All layers up to 15 can be formed of inorganic layers, which is preferred.
- the materials of the hole injection layer 16 and the electron injection layer 18 are variously selected based on the energy level model.
- the layer between the anode 11 and the light emitting layer 13 is the hole transport layer 12, or the hole injection layer 16, or the layer that serves both as the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, or
- the hole transport layer 12 and the hole injection layer 16 are preferably stacked.
- the layer between the cathode 15 and the light emitting layer 13 is the electron transport layer 14 or the electron injection layer 18, or a layer which combines the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer, or the electron transport layer It is preferable that the layer 14 and the electron injection layer 18 be stacked.
- the thin film transistor 4 is, for example, a bottom gate type, and the drain electrode 4 c is connected to the anode 11 of the light emitting element 3.
- the drain electrode 4 c can be used also as the anode 11 without overlapping the drain electrode 4 c to form the anode 11. Thereby, the connection between the light emitting element 3 and the thin film transistor 4 or the ground line can be appropriately made.
- the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, and the electron transport layer 14 can all be an inorganic layer formed of nanoparticles.
- each layer can be formed by printing using an inkjet method or the like, and each layer can be formed easily and with a uniform film thickness. Thereby, the light emission efficiency can be effectively improved.
- the quantum dot used for the light emitting layer 13 of the present embodiment has a core-shell structure
- the energy level diagram shown in FIG. 7A is obtained, and the energy level of the shell may become a barrier to recombination of holes and electrons.
- the surface of the core is not covered with the shell (the surface of the core is exposed: the material constituting the quantum dot is uniform from the center of the quantum dot to the surface) It is preferred to use.
- the energy barrier at the time of the recombination of the hole and the electron disappears, the hole and the electron can be efficiently recombined, and the light emission efficiency can be improved. It is.
- the light emitting element 3 includes the substrate 10, the cathode (Cathode) 15 formed on the substrate, and the electron transport layer (ETL: Electron) formed on the cathode 15.
- Transport Layer (EML) 14 light emitting layer (EML: emitter layer) 13 formed on electron transport layer 14, hole transport layer (HTL: Hole Transport Layer) 12 formed on light emitting layer 13, and hole transport And an anode 11 formed on the layer 12.
- each layer is as described above.
- the anode 11 constitutes a second electrode
- the cathode 15 constitutes a first electrode. Since the light emitting element 3 of this embodiment is a bottom emission type, the cathode 15 is formed of a transparent electrode such as ITO, and the anode 11 is made of a non-transparent material capable of reflecting light such as Al. preferable. Thus, light is reflected by the anode 11 and light can be extracted from the cathode 15 side (thin film transistor side).
- FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of a light emitting device in an embodiment different from FIG. 8A.
- an anode 15 an electron transport layer 14, a light emitting layer 13, a hole transport layer 12, a hole injection layer (HIL: Hole Injection layer) 16, and an anode 11 are stacked in this order. It is done.
- the hole injection layer 16 is included between the anode 11 and the hole transport layer 12.
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element in an embodiment different from FIG. 8A.
- the cathode 15, the electron injection layer (EIL: Electron Injection Layer) 18, the electron transport layer 14, the light emitting layer 13, the hole transport layer 12, and the anode 11 are stacked in this order on the substrate 10.
- EIL Electron Injection Layer
- an electron injection layer 18 is included between the electron transport layer 14 and the cathode 15.
- FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element in an embodiment different from FIG. 8A.
- the cathode 15, the electron injection layer 18, the electron transport layer 14, the light emitting layer 13, the hole transport layer 12, the hole injection layer 16, and the anode 11 are stacked in this order on the substrate 10.
- a hole injection layer 16 is included between the anode 11 and the hole transport layer 12, and an electron injection layer 18 is further included between the electron transport layer 14 and the cathode 15.
- the quantum dots used in the light emitting layer 13 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 have a core-shell structure, the energy level diagram shown in FIG. 10A is obtained, and the energy level of the shell is a hole and an electron. It can be a barrier to binding. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 10B, by using quantum dots that do not cover the surface of the core with a shell, the energy barrier at the time of recombination of holes and electrons disappears, and holes and electrons can be efficiently reassembled. It is possible to combine and improve the luminous efficiency. In order to improve the electron transport efficiency and the hole transport efficiency, it is preferable to coordinate the organic ligand 21 on the surface of the quantum dot 20 as shown in FIG. 5A.
- the light emitting device of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is an inverted EL in which the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 6 are reversely stacked, and the thin film transistor is preferably an n-ch TFT.
- a Zn—O-based semiconductor can be preferably used.
- Poly-Si can also be preferably used.
- the first electrode on the side of the substrate 10 is a transparent electrode
- the second electrode on the side away from the substrate 10 is a reflection of light. It is formed of a highly permeable non-permeable material (preferably metal).
- At least one of the layer between the anode 11 and the light emitting layer 13, the light emitting layer 13, and the layer between the light emitting layer 13 and the cathode 15 can be formed by an inkjet method.
- the mask 30 is disposed on the substrate 10, and the inorganic layer 31 is printed by the ink jet method in the plurality of application areas 30 a which are spaces provided in the mask 30.
- the surface of the side wall 30 b is treated with fluorine so that the side wall 30 b of the mask 30 has water repellency, for example.
- the affinity of the ink with the surface of the side wall 30b can be suppressed, and problems such as the surface of the printed inorganic layer 31 being recessed can be suppressed, and the degree of planarization of the surface of the inorganic layer 31 can be increased. It is.
- This embodiment is a bottom emission type, and the carrier balance can be appropriately improved in the conventional EL type light emitting element 3 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. Moreover, all layers located between the anode 11 and the cathode 15 can be coated and formed. That is, in the configuration of FIG. 4A and FIG. 8A, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13 and the electron transport layer 14 can all be formed by coating. Further, in the configuration of FIG. 6A and FIG. 9A, the hole injection layer 16, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13 and the electron transport layer 14 can all be formed by coating. Further, in the configuration shown in FIGS. 6B and 9B, the hole transport layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, the electron transport layer 14, and the electron injection layer 18 can all be formed by coating. Thus, the manufacturing process of the light emitting element can be simplified.
- the display device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and the arrangement of the red light emitting region 2a, the green light emitting region 2b, and the blue light emitting region 2c may be other than that in FIG. Further, it is also possible to make a display device having only one light emitting area or two light emitting areas among the red light emitting area 2a, the green light emitting area 2b, and the blue light emitting area 2c.
- quantum dots can be configured as point light sources or surface light sources, and selection of a substrate realizes curved light sources and flexible products. be able to.
- the display device using the quantum dot of the present embodiment is superior in terms of color rendering property, light emitting property, product life, and product price.
- the display device using the quantum dots of the present embodiment can be used as a PL light emitter in parallel with the EL light emitter.
- a hybrid light emitting element in which an EL light emitter and a PL light emitter are stacked can be realized.
- the PL luminous body can be superimposed on the surface of the EL luminous body, and the emission wavelength can be changed in the quantum dots contained in the PL luminous body by light emission from the excited quantum dots in the EL luminous body .
- the EL luminous body has a laminated structure of the above-described light emitting element, and as the PL luminous body, for example, a sheet-like wavelength conversion member in which a plurality of quantum dots are dispersed in a resin. Such a hybrid configuration can be realized by using quantum dots.
- an inkjet printing method it is preferable to use an inkjet printing method, a spin coater method, or a dispenser method as a coating method in order to achieve both the increase in the area of the display device using quantum dots and the reduction in manufacturing cost.
- the ⁇ in the “dropping” column shown in Table 1 is a sample dropped properly, and the cross is a sample in which a dropping failure occurred.
- each sample of “polyvinylcarbazole” is applied to the hole injection layer (hole injection layer).
- the sample of “zinc oxide nanoparticles” is applied to the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer.
- IPA and propylene glycol are not preferable and need to be changed.
- a hydrophilic solvent is preferable.
- an alcohol type can be applied as a hydrophilic solvent.
- EPDM ethylene propylene diene rubber
- the shell thickness is 0.1 nm or more and 4.0 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or more and 3.5 nm or less, more preferably 1.0 nm or more and 3.0 nm or less, and further preferably 1. It was 3 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less.
- the quantum dot thickness is not limited, the quantum dot thickness is 5 nm to 50 nm, preferably 10 nm to 45 nm, more preferably 15 nm to 40 nm, still more preferably 20 nm to 40 nm, still more preferably , 25 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- Example 1 is a core only and Example 2 of a square mark is a core coated with a shell.
- Photoelectron Yield Spectroscopy can measure the ionization potential. For example, it can be measured with a device called AC-2, AC-3 of Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 As shown in FIG. 13, it was found that the rising energy was different between Example 1 and Example 2. In Example 1, it was about 6.1 eV, and in Example 2, it was about 7.1 eV.
- FIG. 14 is a PYS measurement result of Example 3 and Example 4 of Cd type
- the fourth embodiment is thicker than the third embodiment. It was found that the rising energy was different between Example 3 and Example 4. In Example 3, it was about 7.1 eV, and in Example 4, it was about 8.1 eV.
- FIG. 15 is an energy level diagram of each layer in the light emitting device used in the experiment.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the current value and the EQE of EL light emitters and PL light emitters using red quantum dots.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the current value of the EL light emitter and the PL light emitter using red quantum dots and EQE, and the relationship between the current value of the EL light emitter using blue quantum dots and EQE. Is a graph showing The shell thickness is different between the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. The shell thickness of the fifth embodiment is thicker than that of the sixth embodiment. Further, in FIG. 17, the shell thickness is the thickest in the seventh example, and the shell thickness becomes thinner in the order of the eighth example and the ninth example.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the energy band gap Eg of each layer, the energy E CB at the lower end of the conduction band, the energy E VB at the upper end of the valence band, and the energy level diagram of each layer in the light emitting device used in the experiment.
- ZnO X (Li) was used for L1 or L2 shown in FIG.
- Li may or may not be doped.
- X is about 0.8 to 1.2.
- ETL electron injection layer
- a ZnO X used for the electron transporting layer was found to be able to widen the band gap With ZnO X (Li).
- ZnO x (Li) has an effect of reducing the particle size.
- PVK shown in FIG. 18 is a hole injection layer, and B1, B2, G (H), G (I3) and R (F) are light emitting layers (EL layers), and ZnO X , L 2 and L 4 are electrons. It is an injection layer.
- B1 or B2 is used for the light emitting layer
- ZnO X can be used for the electron injecting layer, but when G (H), G (I3), R (F) is used for the light emitting layer, electron injecting It has been found preferable to use L2 or L4 for the layer.
- L2 and L4 are ZnO x (Li).
- EL layer when a light emitting layer (EL layer) having a shallow conduction band is used, it is effective to apply ZnO x (Li) to the electron injecting layer or the electron transporting layer.
- ZnO X (Li) is obtained by stirring a zinc acetate-ethanol solution at a predetermined temperature and for a predetermined time and then mixing and stirring a LiOH ⁇ 4H 2 O-ethanol solution to obtain centrifugal separation, washing, etc. Can be generated.
- FIGS. 19 to 21 show UV (band gap), PL, and PYS data of ZnO x (Li) and ZnO x (K) applied to the electron injection layer (ETL).
- ZnO x (K) is produced using KOH as a catalyst, and K and Li are not doped. It was found that in the case of ZnO x (Li) and ZnO x (K), deviations occurred in the UV and PL data.
- PYS it was found that ZnO X (Li) and ZnO X (K) were hardly deviated, and the rising energy was hardly changed.
- ZnO X whose band gap is controlled with various particle sizes as electron injection / transport layers of EL elements using quantum dots, or doped ZnO whose defects or band gaps are controlled by adding a doped species.
- a thin insulating layer may be interposed between the EL layer and the electron injection layer, or ZnO X and the molecule may be integrated, for balance adjustment. It is preferable to add the function of performing hole blocking by
- the integral layer refers to, for example, the integration of ZnO x and T2T (2,4,6-tris (biphenyl-3-yl) -1,3,5-triazine).
- X is about 0.8 to 1.2.
- ZnO x has a function that can be used as a hole injection / transport layer by performing not only the electron injection / transport layer but also ozone treatment or the like. In other words, it has been found that by carrying out ozone treatment on ZnO x , the hole transport capability is improved.
- a glass substrate (refractive index: about 1.6) is disposed on the lower surface of an ITO substrate (refractive index: 1.8 to 2.0), and a refractive index of about 1 made of resin or the like on the lower surface of the glass substrate is about 1
- the lens of .6 was arranged.
- one or more, for example, a resin layer or glass having a high refractive index (greater than 1.5 and less than 1.8) is disposed between the ITO electrode and the glass substrate. Therefore, the diffusion effect is also exhibited, and further improvement of the extraction efficiency is expected.
- a light emitting element including a quantum dot can be applied to a display device, and excellent light emission characteristics can be obtained.
Abstract
Description
量子ドットの構成及び材質を限定するものではないが、例えば、本実施形態における量子ドットは、数nm~数十nm程度の粒径を有するナノ粒子である。
脂肪族1級アミン系、オレイルアミン:C18H35NH2、ステアリル(オクタデシル)アミン:C18H37NH2、ドデシル(ラウリル)アミン:C12H25NH2、デシルアミン:C10H21NH2、オクチルアミン:C8H17NH2
脂肪酸、オレイン酸:C17H33COOH、ステアリン酸:C17H35COOH、パルミチン酸:C15H31COOH、ミリスチン酸:C13H27COOH、ラウリル(ドデカン)酸:C11H23COOH、デカン酸:C9H19COOH、オクタン酸:C7H15COOH
チオール系、オクタデカンチオール:C18H37SH、ヘキサンデカンチオール:C16H33SH、テトラデカンチオール:C14H29SH、ドデカンチオール:C12H25SH、デカンチオール:C10H21SH、オクタンチオール:C8H17SH
ホスフィン系、トリオクチルホスフィン:(C8H17)3P、トリフェニルホスフィン:(C6H5)3P、トリブチルホスフィン:(C4H9)3P
ホスフィンオキシド系、トリオクチルホスフィンオキシド:(C8H17)3P=O、トリフェニルホスフィンオキシド:(C6H5)3P=O、トリブチルホスフィンオキシド:(C4H9)3P=O
発光層13は、上記に挙げた量子ドットのみで形成されてもよいし、量子ドットと、別の蛍光物質とを含んでいてもよい。また、発光層13は、溶剤に溶かした量子ドットを、例えば、インクジェット法により塗布して形成することができ、発光層13中に多少、溶剤成分が残されていてもよい。
正孔輸送層12は、正孔を輸送する機能を有する無機物質、或いは、有機物質からなる。正孔輸送層12は、無機物質から成ることが好ましく、例えば、NiOや、WO3等の無機酸化物で形成されることが好ましい。正孔輸送層12は、特に、NiOのナノ粒子で形成されることが好ましい。また、正孔輸送層12には、例えば、NiOにAl2O3等を混合させることも出来る。また、金属酸化物に、Li、Mg、Al等がドープされてもよい。また、正孔輸送層12は、無機酸化物以外の無機物質であってもよい。
電子輸送層14は、電子を輸送する機能を有する無機物質、或いは、有機物質からなる。電子輸送層14は、無機物質から成ることが好ましく、例えば、ZnOX、Ti-O、Zn-O、Sn-O、V-O、Mo-O等の無機酸化物で形成されることが好ましい。これらのうち2種以上選択することもできる。電子輸送層14は、特に、ZnOXのナノ粒子で形成されることが好ましい。また、金属酸化物に、Li、Mg、Al、Mn等がドープされてもよい。また、電子輸送層14は、無機酸化物以外の無機物質(例えば、CsPbBr3等)であってもよい。Xは、限定されるものではないが、0.8~1.2程度である。
本実施形態では、陽極11の材質を限定するものではないが、例えば、陽極11は、インジウム-スズの複合酸化物(ITO)、Au等の金属、CuISnO2、ZnOX等の導電性透明材で形成されることが好ましい。このうち、陽極11は、ITOで形成されることが好ましい。陽極11は、基板10上に、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜で形成することができる。
本実施形態では、陰極15の材質を限定するものではないが、例えば、陰極15は、金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質として用いることができる。例えば、電極物質としては、Al、Mg、Li、あるいはこれら混合物等を挙げることができる。このうち、陰極15は、Alで形成されることが好ましい。
本実施形態では、基板10の材質を限定するものでないが、基板10としては、例えば、ガラス、プラスチック等で形成することができる。本実施形態は、基板10側(薄膜トランジスタ側)から光を取り出す構成であるため、基板10は、透明基板であることが好ましい。透明基板としては、例えば、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。
実験では、表2に示す各サンプルの量子ドット(緑色QD)を製造し、図4Aの発光素子を備えたボトムボトムエミッション型の表示装置にて、シェル厚と外部量子効率(External Quantum Efficiency:EQE)との関係について調べた。
図15は、実験で使用した発光素子における各層のエネルギー準位図である。図16は、赤色量子ドットを使用したEL発光体及びPL発光体の電流値とEQEとの関係を示すグラフである。また、図17は、赤色量子ドットを使用したEL発光体及びPL発光体の電流値とEQEとの関係を示すグラフ、更に、青色量子ドットを使用したEL発光体の電流値とEQEとの関係を示すグラフである。図16に示す実施例5と実施例6では、シェル厚が異なる。実施例5のほうが実施例6よりシェル厚が厚い。また、図17では、実施例7が、最もシェル厚が厚く、実施例8及び実施例9の順にシェル厚が薄くなっている。
図18は、実験で使用した発光素子における各層のエネルギーバンドギャップEg、伝導帯下端のエネルギーECB、価電子帯上端のエネルギーEVBを表すグラフ、及び各層のエネルギー準位図である。図18に示すL1或いはL2に、ZnOX(Li)を用いた。ここで、Liはドープされていても、されていなくてもよい。限定するものではないが、Xは、0.8~1.2程度である。図18に示すように、電子注入層(ETL)や、電子輸送層に用いるZnOXに、ZnOX(Li)を用いるとバンドギャップを広げることができるとわかった。ZnOX(Li)により粒子径を小さくする効果があるものと推測される。図18に示すPVKは、ホール注入層であり、B1、B2、G(H)、G(I3)、R(F)は、発光層(EL層)であり、ZnOX、L2、L4が電子注入層である。発光層に、B1やB2を用いる場合、電子注入層に、ZnOXを用いることができるが、発光層に、G(H)、G(I3)、R(F)を用いる場合は、電子注入層に、L2或いはL4を用いることが好ましいとわかった。L2及びL4は、ZnOX(Li)である。
ボトムエミッション型において、取り出し効率を向上させるために、図22に示すように、屈折率を最適化することで、取り出し効率を約1.5倍~2倍にできると考えられる。なお、図22A及び図22Bに示す数値は、各層の屈折率を示している。
Claims (7)
- 表示領域を備えた表示装置であって、
前記表示領域は、第1電極、前記第1電極と発光層との間の層、前記発光層、前記発光層と第2電極との間の層、及び、前記第2電極が基板上にこの順で積層された発光素子を有し、
前記発光層は、量子ドットを含む無機層で形成されており、前記発光素子は、ボトムエミッション型であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 前記第1電極から前記第2電極に至る全ての層が、無機層で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1電極と発光層との間の層、前記発光層、及び前記発光層と第2電極との間の層が、ナノ粒子で形成された前記無機層であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の表示装置。
- 前記表示装置は、可撓性を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記量子ドットは、コアの表面がシェルで覆われていない構造であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1電極と発光層との間の層、前記発光層、及び前記発光層と第2電極との間の層の少なくともいずれか1層は、インクジェット法で形成されることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1電極と前記第2電極の間に位置する全ての層が、塗布して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
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- 2018-11-07 CN CN201880069567.0A patent/CN111279793A/zh active Pending
- 2018-11-07 KR KR1020207012490A patent/KR20200078515A/ko unknown
- 2018-11-07 WO PCT/JP2018/041259 patent/WO2019093345A1/ja unknown
- 2018-11-07 EP EP18875190.3A patent/EP3709773A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-07 US US16/758,610 patent/US20210184074A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-11-08 TW TW107139694A patent/TW201926740A/zh unknown
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WO2020240807A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | シャープ株式会社 | 発光素子及び表示装置 |
WO2021053813A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-25 | シャープ株式会社 | 表示デバイスおよび表示デバイスの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201926740A (zh) | 2019-07-01 |
US20210184074A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
EP3709773A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
JPWO2019093345A1 (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
EP3709773A4 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
KR20200078515A (ko) | 2020-07-01 |
AU2018363925A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
CN111279793A (zh) | 2020-06-12 |
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