WO2019091022A1 - 基于单桩式风能 - 波浪能 - 潮流能集成发电系统 - Google Patents

基于单桩式风能 - 波浪能 - 潮流能集成发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019091022A1
WO2019091022A1 PCT/CN2018/077525 CN2018077525W WO2019091022A1 WO 2019091022 A1 WO2019091022 A1 WO 2019091022A1 CN 2018077525 W CN2018077525 W CN 2018077525W WO 2019091022 A1 WO2019091022 A1 WO 2019091022A1
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energy
power generation
wave
single pile
tidal
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PCT/CN2018/077525
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English (en)
French (fr)
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施伟
宁德志
周林
南洋海
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大连理工大学
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Priority to US16/495,047 priority Critical patent/US10890162B2/en
Publication of WO2019091022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019091022A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/142—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which creates an oscillating water column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/262—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the relative movement between a tide-operated member and another member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of marine renewable energy utilization, and particularly relates to an integrated power generation system combining wind energy and oscillating water column wave energy and tidal energy energy based on a single pile structure based on a wind energy-wave energy-trend energy combined power generation device. .
  • Offshore wind energy, wave energy and tidal energy are all marine renewable energy sources.
  • Wind power is currently the most renewable energy source with large-scale development prospects.
  • Offshore wind power has become a new direction for the development of international wind power and has attracted the attention of all countries.
  • the development of offshore wind energy is of great significance for China to control atmospheric haze and adjust energy structure.
  • Wind-rich waters usually have abundant wave energy.
  • the tidal current power generation is basically unaffected by the weather, and the output power is relatively stable, which has developed rapidly in recent years.
  • tidal current wave energy and tidal energy power generation devices have limited commercialization due to low energy conversion efficiency, high power generation cost, and low reliability.
  • Wave power generation devices mainly include: sea snake type, oscillating float type, oscillating water column type, swing type, and wave type power generation devices.
  • the tidal current power generation device mainly includes a horizontal axis and a vertical axis tidal power generation device.
  • the present invention provides a single-pile wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integrated power generation system, which allows the three to share the support structure and the power transmission system.
  • a single pile-type support structure is used to establish an integrated system of wind energy, oscillating water column wave energy and horizontal axis tidal energy system to form an integrated power generation system.
  • the invention can fully utilize the marine renewable resources, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the utilization rate of the single pile foundation and reducing the total power generation cost of the integrated system, improving the overall economy of the offshore wind farm, and reducing the cost of wind energy, wave energy and tidal energy power generation.
  • a single-pile wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integrated power generation system a single pile foundation fan, an oscillating water column wave energy, and a horizontal axis tidal energy integrated power generation structure, including a single pile fixed wind power generation system and an oscillating water column type a wave energy generating device 4 and a horizontal axis tidal power generating device; further comprising a wave energy generating device located at a sea level of the single pile and a tidal energy generating device disposed under the water;
  • the single pile fixed wind power generation system comprises a fan 1, a tower 2, a single pile foundation 6 and a power transmission system; the fan 1 is connected to a single pile foundation 6 through a tower 2, and the single pile foundation 6 is fixed to the seabed 7; the oscillating water column type wave energy generating device 4 is fixed on the single pile foundation 6 by the first sleeve 3; the horizontal axis tidal power generating device comprises an outrigger structure and a tidal energy generator, and two tidal currents
  • the generator 12 is mounted at both ends of the arm structure 14, and the center position of the arm structure is connected through the second sleeve 13 and the single pile foundation 6, and the axial and inflow of the tidal current generator 12 is realized by adjusting the plane of the structure. Consistent in direction;
  • the oscillating water column wave power generation device 4 includes a casing body of a wave energy power generation device, a wave inlet 8, a gas chamber 10, and an air turbine generator 11; the inside of the casing body of the wave energy power generation device is a gas chamber 10, one of which There is a wave inlet 8 on the side, two circular air outlets on the top, and an air turbine generator 11 installed at the air outlet; in use, a single-pile wind-wave energy-trend energy integrated power generation system is placed in the water Under the action of waves, the wave enters the air chamber 10 through the wave inlet 8 to form an oscillating water column 9 that vibrates up and down.
  • the oscillating water column 9 moves up and down to make the gas in the air chamber 10 reciprocate through the air outlet at the top of the air chamber 10, and further Driving the air turbine generator 11 to generate electricity;
  • the air chamber 10 adopts a taper shape to ensure an increase in the end pressure of the airflow, and the air turbine generator 11 is driven to rotate faster, thereby improving power generation efficiency.
  • the wave inlet 8 faces the dominant direction of the wave, improving conversion efficiency.
  • the air turbine generator 11 employs a two-way air turbine generator.
  • the fan 1 is a megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine.
  • the tidal current generator 12 is a horizontal axis tidal energy generator.
  • the invention fully utilizes the single pile base of the fixed fan, and the wave energy, the tidal energy device share the support structure and the power transmission system.
  • the single pile wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integrated power generation system is characterized in that the wave energy generating device is axially symmetrically arranged on a single pile fan, and the wave load can be appropriately reduced.
  • the tidal current energy generator is symmetrically distributed left and right to reduce load instability.
  • the single pile fan has simple structure, convenient construction, low construction cost and wide application range.
  • the wave energy device adopts the shape of a round table, which reduces the wave load and improves the stability of the system.
  • the new fixed wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integrated power generation system improves the effective utilization rate of the sea area, reduces the construction cost and maintenance cost, and fully utilizes the existing mature fan technology to promote the wave energy device and the tidal energy device.
  • Commercial application is a reliable offshore renewable energy generation platform.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a single pile type wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integration system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a single pile wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integration system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial plan view of the single pile wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integration system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment of a novel fixed wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integration system of the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis fan 1 is connected to the single pile foundation 6 and the seabed 7 through the tower 2 and the single pile foundation 6.
  • the wave energy generating device is an oscillating water column type wave energy generating device 4, which is arranged near the sea level of the single pile foundation 6 and is fastened to the single pile foundation 6 by the first sleeve 3, and the first sleeve 6 serves to protect the single pile foundation.
  • the action of 6 is that two tidal current generators 12 are mounted on both ends of the outrigger structure 14, and the center position of the boom structure 14 is connected through the second sleeve 13 and the single pile foundation 6, by adjusting the plane of the boom structure 14
  • the axial direction and the incoming flow direction of the tidal energy generator are the same.
  • the wind power generator 1 performs a rotary motion under the driving of the wind, converts the wind power into mechanical energy, and then drives the wind power generator 1 to generate electricity through the gear box.
  • the oscillating water column 9 in the oscillating water column type wave power generating device 4 reciprocates under the external force of the undulating wave, and is converted into a reciprocating motion of the gas in the plenum 10, thereby driving the air turbine generator 11 to generate electricity.
  • the two-way air turbine generator is used, so that the wave landing process can be used for power generation, and the power generation continuity is good and the efficiency is high.
  • the tidal current generator 12 is installed at both ends of the arm structure, and the center position of the arm structure 14 is connected through the second sleeve 13 and the single pile foundation 6, and the axial direction of the tidal current generator 12 is realized by adjusting the plane of the structure. Consistent flow direction
  • the method is: the wind power generator 1 emits electric energy under the action of the wind; the oscillating water column type wave energy generating device 4 is fixed by the first sleeve 3 and the single pile foundation 6 near the sea level, and the wave that surges toward the wave inlet 8 enters
  • the oscillating water column type wave energy generating device 4 upper and lower vibrating water columns 9 are generated in the gas chamber 10.
  • the vibrating water column 9 vibrates up and down, the gas in the gas chamber 10 is reciprocated through the gas outlet at the upper end of the gas chamber, and the gas reciprocates through the gas outlet.
  • the air turbine generator 11 is driven to generate electricity to generate electrical energy.
  • the two tidal current generators 12, which are symmetrically distributed, are rotated by the incoming flow to generate electric energy.
  • the electric energy generated by the wind power generator 1, the electric energy generated by the wave energy device, and the electric energy generated by the tidal current are collected and sent to the power grid through the transmission system for use by the land users.
  • the construction and installation process based on the single pile wind energy-wave energy-trend energy integration system is as follows: First, the single pile foundation 6 is installed on the seabed using the existing offshore wind turbine single pile construction process; secondly, the sleeve is installed to the single pile On the foundation 6; the boom structure 14, the tidal energy generator 12 and the oscillating water column wave power generation device 4, which are installed on the shore in advance, are transported to the installed position by a professional construction ship, and finally installed on the sleeve 2 And the top fan 1, completes the construction and installation based on the single pile wind energy-oscillating water column wave energy-horizontal axis tidal energy integrated power generation system.
  • the single pile foundation support structure adopted by the invention is convenient in processing, installation and construction, and the cost is low; the wind power generation, the wave energy power generation and the tidal power generation are completed on the same support structure, so that the three share the support platform and the power transmission
  • the supporting system greatly reduces the cost of power generation; the structure is stable and reasonable, which further proves the implementability of the present invention and has significant technical effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，包括单桩固定式风力发电系统、振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置(4)和水平轴潮流能发电装置。单桩固定式风力发电系统包括风机(1)、塔筒(2)、单桩基础(6)和电力传输系统。水平轴潮流能发电装置包括伸臂结构和潮流能发电机。振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置(4)包括波浪能发电装置的外壳本体、波浪进口(8)、气室(10)以及空气透平发电机(11)。该集成发电系统提高了海域的有效利用率，降低了建设成本和维修费用，充分利用现有的成熟风机技术，促进了波浪能装置和潮流能装置商业化的应用，是一种可靠的海上可再生能源发电平台。

Description

基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统 技术领域
本发明属于海洋可再生能源利用技术领域，尤其涉及了一种风能-波浪能-潮流能联合发电装置，以单桩结构为基础将风能和振荡水柱式波浪能以及潮流能相结合的集成发电系统。
 背景技术
海上风能、波浪能和潮流能都是海洋可再生能源。风力发电是目前最具可规模化发展前景的可再生能源。海上风电已成为国际风电发展的新方向，备受各国关注。发展海上风能对于我国治理大气雾霾、调整能源结构具有重要意义。风能丰富水域通常也有丰富的波浪能。潮流能发电基本不受天气影响，输出功率较为平稳，近年来发展迅速。然而，潮流能波浪能和潮流能发电装置，由于能量转化效率低，发电成本较高，可靠性不高，在一定程度上限制了其商业化。近海风电场的基座中，单桩基座因其建造成本低、安装简便、无需海床准备、适用性强等优点被广泛使用，目前已安装的海上风机中80%采用单桩基础。随着我国安装设备的开发和安装技术的成熟，单桩基础在我国海上风电产业中的应用前景极为广泛。波浪能发电装置主要有：海蛇式、振荡浮子式、振荡水柱式、摆动式、越浪式等发电装置。潮流能发电装置主要包括水平轴和垂直轴潮流能发电装置。
把海上风电开发、波浪能资源和潮流能资源利用相结合，可以有效的提高海上风电场的发电能力，提高整体发电系统的经济性，推进波浪能和潮流能装置的商业化，是解决海洋可再生能源综合利用，降低可再生能源发电成本的有效途径。
 技术问题
本发明为了提供了一种基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，使三者共享支撑结构和电力传输系统。在海洋中利用单桩式支撑结构建立了风能、振荡水柱式波浪能、水平轴潮流能系统于一体的集成系统，形成一个整体的发电系统。该发明可充分利用海上可再生资源，从而达到提高单桩基础利用率并降低集成系统发电总成本的目的，提高海上风电场的整体经济性，降低风能、波浪能和潮流能发电的成本。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，单桩基础的风机、振荡水柱式波浪能、水平轴潮流能集成的发电结构，包括单桩固定式风力发电系统、振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4和水平轴潮流能发电装置；还包括位于单桩海平面处的波浪能发电装置和设在水下的潮流能发电装置；
所述的单桩固定式风力发电系统包括风机1、塔筒2、单桩基础6和电力传输系统；所述的风机1通过塔筒2与单桩基础6相连，单桩基础6固定于海床7；所述的振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4通过第一套筒3固定在单桩基础6上；所述的水平轴潮流能发电装置包括伸臂结构和潮流能发电机，两个潮流能发电机12安装在伸臂结构14的两端，伸臂结构的中心位置通过第二套筒13和单桩基础6连接，通过调整结构所在平面，实现潮流能发电机12的轴向和来流方向一致；
所述的振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4包括波浪能发电装置的外壳本体、波浪进口8、气室10以及空气透平发电机11；波浪能发电装置的外壳本体内部为气室10，其一侧设有波浪进口8，顶部设有两个圆形出气口，出气口处安装有空气透平发电机11；使用时，将基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统放在水域中，在波浪作用下，波浪经波浪进口8进入气室10而形成上下振动的振荡水柱9，振荡水柱9作上下振动运动使气室10内的气体往复通过气室10顶部的出气口，进而驱动空气透平发电机11发电；
所述的气室10采用锥形，保证气流末端压强增大，更快的推动空气透平发电机11转动，提高发电效率。
所述的波浪进口8朝向波浪的主导方向，提高转换效率。
所述的空气透平发电机11采用双向空气透平发电机。
所述的风机1为兆瓦级水平轴风力发电机。
所述的潮流能发电机12是水平轴潮流能发电机。
本发明充分利用了固定式风机的单桩基座，和波浪能、潮流能装置共享支撑结构及电力传输系统。
本发明所述的单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于所述的波浪能发电装置轴对称布置于单桩风机，可适当减小波浪载荷。所述的潮流能发电机左右对称分布，可减少载荷的不稳定性。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
1、单桩风机结构简单、施工便利、建造成本低、适用范围广。
2、将海上风电同波浪能发电装置、潮流能发电装置相结合，共用海上平台、变压、输电等设备，提高了系统的整体发电功率，增加了发电量和有效工作小时数，降低了投资成本。
3、波浪能装置采用圆台外形，降低了波浪载荷，提高了系统的稳定性能。
4、该新型固定式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统提高了海域的有效利用率，降低了建设成本和维修费用，充分利用现有的成熟风机技术，促进了波浪能装置和潮流能装置商业化的应用，是一种可靠的海上可再生能源发电平台。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成系统结构图。
图2是本发明的单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成系统侧视图。
图3是本发明的单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成系统局部俯视图。
图中：1风机；2塔筒；3第一套筒；4振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置；
5海平面；6单桩基础；7海床；8波浪进口；9振荡水柱；10气室；
11 空气透平发电机；12潮流能发电机；13第二套筒；14伸臂结构。
 本发明的实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面结合附图和技术方案，对本发明作进一步说明。
图1和图2出示了本发明所述的一种新型固定式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成系统的实施方式。
如图1所示，水平轴风机1 通过塔筒2和单桩基础6和海床7相连。波浪能发电装置是振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4，设在单桩基础6海平面附近，通过第一套筒3紧固在单桩基础6上，第一套筒6起到保护单桩基础6的作用，两个潮流能发电机12安装在伸臂结构14的两端，伸臂结构14的中心位置通过第二套筒13和单桩基础6连接，通过调整伸臂结构14所在平面，实现潮流能发电机的轴向和来流方向一致。风力发电机1在风力的推动下做旋转运动，将风力转换成机械能，再经过齿轮箱，驱动风力发电机1发电。另一方面，振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4内的振荡水柱9在波浪起伏的外力作用下做往复运动，进而转化为气室10内气体的往复运动，从而驱动空气透平发电机11发电。采用双向空气透平发电机，因而波浪起落过程均可用来发电，发电连续性较好，效率高。潮流能发电机12安装在伸臂结构的两端，伸臂结构14的中心位置通过第二套筒13和单桩基础6连接，通过调整结构所在平面，实现潮流能发电机12的轴向和来流方向一致
该方法为：风力发电机1在风力作用下发出电能；振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4通过第一套筒3和单桩基础6在海平面附近固连，涌向波浪进口8的波浪进入到振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4内，在气室10中产生上下的振动水柱9，振动水柱9上下振动运动时使气室10内的气体往复通过气室上端的出气口，气体往复通过出气口时驱动空气透平发电机11发电，产生电能。对称分布的两台潮流能发电机12在来流的推动下做旋转运动，从而产生电能。风力发电机1产生的电能、波浪能装置产生的电能和潮流能产生的电能汇集后，通过传输系统送至电网，供陆地用户使用。
基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成系统的施工安装流程如下：首先，用现有的海上风机单桩施工工艺，将单桩基础6安装在海床上；其次将套筒安装到单桩基础6上；将预先在岸上安装好的伸臂结构14、潮流能发电机12以及振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置4，利用专业施工船运到装机位置安装在套筒上，最后安装塔筒2和顶部风机1，完成基于单桩式风能-振荡水柱式波浪能-水平轴潮流能集成发电系统的施工安装。
由此，本发明采用的单桩基础支撑结构加工、安装和施工方便，成本较低；风力发电、波浪能发电、潮流能发电在同一个支撑结构上完成，使三者共享支撑平台和电力传输配套系统，很大程度上降低了发电的成本；结构稳定合理，更进一步证明了本发明的可实施性，具有显著的技术效果。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，单桩基础的风机、振荡水柱式波浪能、水平轴潮流能集成的发电结构，其特征在于，所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统包括单桩固定式风力发电系统、振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置(4)和水平轴潮流能发电装置；还包括位于单桩海平面处的波浪能发电装置和设在水下的潮流能发电装置；
    所述的单桩固定式风力发电系统包括风机(1)、塔筒(2)、单桩基础(6)和电力传输系统；所述的风机(1)通过塔筒(2)与单桩基础(6)相连，单桩基础(6)固定于海床(7)；所述的振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置(4)通过第一套筒(3)固定在单桩基础(6)上；所述的水平轴潮流能发电装置包括伸臂结构和潮流能发电机，两个潮流能发电机(12)安装在伸臂结构(14)的两端，伸臂结构的中心位置通过第二套筒(13)和单桩基础(6)连接，通过调整结构所在平面，实现潮流能发电机(12)的轴向和来流方向一致；
    所述的振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置(4)包括波浪能发电装置的外壳本体、波浪进口(8)、气室(10)以及空气透平发电机(11)；波浪能发电装置的外壳本体内部为气室(10)，其一侧设有波浪进口(8)，顶部设有两个圆形出气口，出气口处安装有空气透平发电机(11)；使用时，将基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统放在水域中，在波浪作用下，波浪经波浪进口(8)进入气室(10)而形成上下振动的振荡水柱(9)，振荡水柱(9)作上下振动运动使气室(10)内的气体往复通过气室(10)顶部的出气口，进而驱动空气透平发电机(11)发电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的气室(10)采用锥形，保证气流末端压强增大，更快的推动空气透平发电机(11)转动，提高发电效率。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的的波浪进口(8)朝向波浪的主导方向，提高转换效率。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的空气透平发电机(11)采用双向空气透平发电机。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的空气透平发电机(11)采用双向空气透平发电机。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或5所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的风机(1)为兆瓦级水平轴风力发电机；所述的潮流能发电机(12)是水平轴潮流能发电机。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的风机(1)为兆瓦级水平轴风力发电机；所述的潮流能发电机(12)是水平轴潮流能发电机。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的基于单桩式风能-波浪能-潮流能集成发电系统，其特征在于，所述的风机(1)为兆瓦级水平轴风力发电机；所述的潮流能发电机(12)是水平轴潮流能发电机。
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