WO2019090807A1 - 一种两波束阵列天线及系统 - Google Patents

一种两波束阵列天线及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019090807A1
WO2019090807A1 PCT/CN2017/111545 CN2017111545W WO2019090807A1 WO 2019090807 A1 WO2019090807 A1 WO 2019090807A1 CN 2017111545 W CN2017111545 W CN 2017111545W WO 2019090807 A1 WO2019090807 A1 WO 2019090807A1
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degrees
dual
array antenna
polarized
power distribution
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PCT/CN2017/111545
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴泽海
吴壁群
苏振华
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广东博纬通信科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201721504544.7U external-priority patent/CN207517897U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201711113913.4A external-priority patent/CN108092008B/zh
Application filed by 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东博纬通信科技有限公司
Publication of WO2019090807A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019090807A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a two-beam array antenna and system.
  • Intensive hotspots for mobile communication users including large stadiums, performing arts centers, convention centers, high-speed rail stations, terminal buildings, and citizen plazas, have high traffic and data traffic.
  • large-scale venues and other communication hotspot areas are planned to cover more sectors, and a large number of frequency reuse is used to increase capacity.
  • the traditional solution uses multi-sector coverage with a circular or elliptical antenna covering the area.
  • the 3dB wavelength of the antenna level is 65 degrees.
  • the 3dB to 20dB power drop angle is greater than 60 degrees, outside the main lobe range.
  • the slow decline leads to a large overlap area of adjacent sectors, and the adjacent area has large interference, which seriously affects the transmission rate of the communication system, and the capacity increase is limited.
  • Patent US13127592A1 proposes to construct a low sidelobe dual beam antenna that can operate at 1710-2200 MHz by mixing 2x3 and 2x4 beamforming networks and corresponding radiating element module combinations.
  • the dual beam antenna sidelobe suppression is better than 20dB, and 95% of the energy is directed to the radiated sector, which significantly reduces the interference to adjacent sectors.
  • the direction diagram is shown in Figure 2.
  • the use of two beam antennas in the stadium can increase the capacity by reducing the sector coverage, but the elliptical coverage area has the disadvantages of excessive overlap of adjacent sectors and easy occurrence of blind spots.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a two-beam array antenna includes a metal reflector, a radiation unit array, a plurality of power distribution networks, and two beam forming networks; a radiation unit array, a power distribution network, and a beam forming network are mounted on the metal reflector;
  • the array of radiating elements includes M rows and N columns of dual-polarized vibrators, and M ⁇ 2, N ⁇ 8;
  • Each row of the plurality of dual-polarized oscillators is arranged along a horizontal reference line, and there is no overlap between the reference lines corresponding to each row of the dual-polarized oscillators; each of the plurality of dual-polarized oscillators is arranged along a vertical reference line, and each column There is no overlap between the reference lines corresponding to the dual-polarized oscillators;
  • Each beamforming network has 2 input ports and N output ports, including a first input port forming a first beam and a second input port forming a second beam, and the N columns connected to the M ⁇ N array N output ports;
  • Each of the plurality of dual-polarized oscillators is connected to a vertical power distribution network output port, and the number of power distribution networks is N, and each power distribution network includes two Wilkinson power splitters whose output ports are M; beamforming The output port of the network is connected to the input port of the power distribution network to form a dual-polarized two-beam array antenna with four output ports.
  • each power distribution network includes two Wilkinson power splitters with an output port of five.
  • each beam forming network includes two 180 degree mixers, two 60 degree phase shifters, two three way Butler matrix circuits, and two 2-way power splitters; one input for each 180 degree hybrid
  • the port is connected to a 50 ohm resistor to ground.
  • One output port is connected to the input port of one of the 3-way Butler matrix circuits through a 60-degree phase shifter, and the other output port is connected to another 3-way Butler matrix.
  • One input port of the circuit; the phase change relationship of the output ports corresponding to the three input ports of each of the three Butler matrix circuits is +120 degrees, -120 degrees, and 0 degrees, respectively, and the input port corresponding to the phase change of 0 degrees is connected to 50 ohms.
  • each 3-way Butler matrix circuit is connected to the input port of one 2-way splitter, the four output ports of two 2-way splitters, and the two 3-way Butler matrix circuits. The remaining four output ports serve as output ports for the beamforming network.
  • each row and each column of the two dual-polarized oscillators need to be increased by 180 degrees, and the amplitude is less than 5 dB smaller than other energy-optimized dual-polarized oscillators; the lowest energy of each power distribution network is two
  • the output port is connected to the 180-degree phase shifter and then connected to the dual-polarized vibrator; the phase difference between the output ports of each beam forming network is +60 degrees or -60 degrees, and each beam forming network has the lowest energy output of the two output ports. Connect the power distribution network after the 180 degree phase shifter.
  • the bipolar vibrators are equally spaced in the horizontal direction, and the bipolar vibrators are equally spaced in the vertical direction and are 0.3 to 0.7 times the center frequency wavelength.
  • the horizontal spacing of the dual-polarized vibrators is equal to the vertical spacing, and both are 0.5 times the center frequency wavelength.
  • the first beam has a first azimuth angle between -15 and -30 degrees; the second beam has a second azimuth angle between 15 degrees and 30 degrees.
  • the horizontal plane of the two-beam array antenna is split into two rectangular beams with a half-power width of 29 degrees, each of which has a stable amplitude and a peak of 3 dB in the main lobe direction, and has a fast power outside the main lobe range.
  • 3dB to 20dB power drop angle is less than 12 degrees
  • the horizontal crossover level of the two beams is -7dB
  • the vertical plane 3dB width of each beam is 50 degrees
  • the 3dB to 20dB power drop angle is less than 20 degrees.
  • a two-beam array antenna system comprising at least two of the two beam array antennas respectively operating in a middle frequency band and a high frequency band; the medium frequency band two beam array antennas operating in a frequency range of 1695-2200 MHz, and the high frequency two beam array antennas operating on In the range of 2300 to 2700 MHz, two beam array antennas of different frequency bands are combined by a combiner to share output ports.
  • the number of sectors is increased by means of beam splitting, which can not only reduce the neighboring interference of the hotspots such as the stadium, but further increase the number of sectors. Can maximize network capacity.
  • 1 is a horizontal diagram of an antenna having a 3 dB wavelength width of 65 degrees in the prior art
  • 2 is a water level pattern of a prior art low sidelobe two-beam antenna array
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a two-beam array antenna having a rectangular coverage area implemented by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a beamforming network of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of a vertical plane and a horizontal plane of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of a vertical plane and a horizontal plane of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention provides a two-beam array antenna, including a metal reflector, The radiation unit array, the plurality of power distribution networks, and the two beam forming networks; the radiation unit array, the power distribution network, and the beam forming network are mounted on the metal reflector.
  • the radiation unit array is composed of 40 dual-polarized oscillators 101, and 40 dual-polarized oscillators are divided into 8 sub-arrays, each of which includes 5 vertically polarized vibrators; 5 sub-arrays of sub-arrays
  • the vibrators are arranged along a vertical reference line, and the vertical reference lines of the plurality of sub-arrays do not overlap, and the vertical spacing is d1; the centers of the plurality of sub-arrays are arranged along a horizontal reference line with a horizontal spacing of d2.
  • Each beamforming network 103 has 2 input ports and 8 output ports, including a first input port forming a first beam and a second input port forming a second beam, and the 8 columns connected to a 5 x 8 array 8 output ports;
  • the five dual-polarized vibrators of the sub-array are connected to the vertical power distribution network 102 to form one sub-antenna, and the number of power distribution networks is eight, and each power distribution network includes two Wilkinson with five output ports.
  • a power splitter 8 sub-antennas are connected to the beam forming network 103 to form a dual-polarized two-beam array antenna, wherein P1 and P2 of the four output ports correspond to +45 degree polarization and -45 degree polarization of the first beam, P3 And P4 correspond to +45 degree polarization and -45 degree polarization of the second beam.
  • the beamforming network 103 has a structure as shown in FIG. 4, including a first input A1 forming a first beam and a second input A2 forming a second beam. It comprises two 180 degree mixers 301, two 60 degree phase shifters 302, two three way Butler matrix circuits 303 and two two way power splitters 304; one input port of the 180 degree mixer 301 is connected to a 50 ohm resistor.
  • the first output port is connected to the input port (B1/B3) of the 3-way Butler matrix circuit through a 60-degree phase shifter, and the input port of the second output port is connected to another 3-way Butler matrix circuit (B2/ B4) connection;
  • the phase change relationship of the output ports corresponding to the three input ports of each of the three-way Butler matrix circuit 303 is +120 degrees, -120 degrees, and 0 degrees, respectively, and the input port corresponding to the phase change of 0 degrees is connected with the 50 ohm resistor.
  • each of the 3-way Butler matrix circuits has one output port connected to the input port of one 2-way splitter, four output ports of two 2-way splitters, and the remaining four of the two 3-way Butler matrix circuits.
  • the output ports serve as output ports for the beamforming network.
  • the dual-polarized oscillator is less than 5dB in size to form a sharply falling edge pattern; the two lowest output ports of each power distribution network are connected to the 180-degree phase shifter and then connected to the dual-polarized oscillator; the output of each beamforming network
  • the phase difference between the ports is +60 degrees or -60 degrees, and the two output ports with the lowest energy of each beam forming network are connected to the power distribution network after being connected to the 180 degree phase shifter.
  • the pattern of the array antenna is as shown in FIG. 5, and the radiation patterns of the two beams in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are similar, and the shape of the main lobe is slightly concave and the two sides are raised in a rectangular shape.
  • the rectangular shaping pattern has two consecutive peaks in the main lobe direction, and the center frequency horizontal direction has a 3 dB width of 29 degrees per beam, a 20 dB width of 45 degrees, and an azimuth of -18 degrees for both beams. 18 degrees, the cross level is -7dB.
  • the 3dB to 20dB power drop angle in the range of 1695-2200MHz is less than 12 degrees, and the sidelobe suppression is better than 20dB.
  • the vertical plane pattern of the broadband array antenna has a stable amplitude in the main lobe direction and has at least two peaks, a center frequency of 3 dB, a wavelength of 50 degrees, a 20 dB wavelength width of 85 degrees, and a 3 dB to 20 dB power drop angle outside the main beam range. Less than 20 degrees, sidelobe suppression is better than 20dB.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention is changed on the basis of the first embodiment.
  • the number of the dual-polarized vibrators in the radiating element array of the two-beam array antenna provided by the second embodiment of the present invention is 64, and the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are both eight antenna elements.
  • the power divider network 102 is changed to two Wilkinson power splitters with an output port of 8.
  • the two output ports of the Wilkinson power splitter are 5 dB lower than the maximum power output port energy, and need to be shifted by 180 degrees.
  • the phase device is connected to the vibrator, and the rest of the structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the center frequency pattern of the two beam array antennas is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the 3dB wavelength width of each beam is 29 degrees in both horizontal and vertical planes, and the 20dB wavelength is 45 degrees.
  • the 3dB to 20dB power drop angle of each subsystem in the 1695-2200MHz frequency band is less than 12 degrees, and the sidelobe suppression is better than 20dB.
  • the present embodiment provides a narrower wave width in the vertical plane, which can make finer coverage of the area in the stadium, and further increase the network capacity by reducing the sector range and increasing the number of sectors.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention has been changed on the basis of Embodiments 1 and 2.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention provides a two-beam array antenna system, including at least two of the two beam array antennas, each of which forms a subsystem, and the number of subsystems is at least two, respectively working in the middle
  • the frequency band and the high frequency band the mid-band subsystem works in the frequency range of 1695-2200MHz
  • the high-band subsystem operates in the 2300-2700MHz frequency range
  • the subsystems in different frequency bands perform signal combining through the 1695-2200/2300-2700 combiner.
  • the pattern of the subsystem in the whole frequency range of 2300-2700 and 1695-2200MHz is similar to that of Figure 5 or Figure 6.
  • the horizontal plane of each subsystem is split into two beams, each beam center frequency 3dB horizontal wave width is 29 degrees, 20dB wave The width is 45 degrees.
  • the 3dB to 20dB power drop angle in each of the subsystem bands is less than 12 degrees, and the sidelobe suppression is better than 20dB.
  • the advantage of this embodiment lies in the working frequency bandwidth, which is compatible with the current mainstream 4G, 3G multiple standard frequency bands. Not only can the number of antennas used be reduced, the cost of wiring stations such as cables can be reduced, and operation and maintenance costs can be reduced.
  • the spacing between two adjacent polarized vibrators in the horizontal and vertical directions is fixed, that is, the dual-polarized vibrator unit is equal. Arranged by spacing.
  • the dual-polarized oscillator units can also be arranged at unequal intervals. In the case where the pitch variations of the dual-polarized vibrators are staggered, it is also possible to realize two beam patterns having a rectangular shape, which is also within the scope of the present invention without departing from the concept of the present invention.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种两波束阵列天线及系统，该阵列天线包括金属反射板、辐射单元阵列、多个功率分配网络、两个波束形成网络；辐射单元阵列、功率分配网络、波束形成网络安装在金属反射板上；辐射单元阵列包括M行N列的双极化振子，每一列的多个双极化振子与垂直方向的功率分配网络输出端口连接，波束形成网络的输出端口与功率分配网络的输入端口相连。阵列天线在水平方向具有两个对称波束，并拥有较快的波束收敛能力，3dB到20dB功率下降角度小于12度，旁瓣电平抑制优于20dB。阵列天线结构灵活，可以根据实际应用要求灵活配置间距以及振子数目等参数。采用本发明的结构，可在降低场馆等热点区域的邻区干扰基础上，最大程度的增加扇区数目来提高网络容量。

Description

一种两波束阵列天线及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，具体涉及一种两波束阵列天线及系统。
背景技术
移动通信用户密集的热点区域，包括大型体育场馆、演艺中心、会展中心、高铁车站、候机楼以及市民广场等，话务量和数据流量高。为了满足网络容量需求，大型场馆等通信热点区域规划较多的扇区进行覆盖，并采用大量的频率复用来提升容量。传统的解决方案使用覆盖区域为圆形或者椭圆形的天线进行多扇区覆盖，天线水平面3dB波宽为65度，如图1所示，3dB到20dB功率下降角度大于60度，主瓣范围外下降缓慢导致相邻扇区重叠区域较大，邻区干扰大，严重影响通信系统的传输速率，容量提升有限。
专利US13127592A1提出通过混合使用2×3和2×4的波束形成网络以及对应的辐射单元模块组合，构成一种可在1710-2200MHz工作的低旁瓣的双波束天线。该双波束天线旁瓣抑制优于20dB，并且95％的能量指向了被辐射的扇区，显著降低了对相邻扇区的干扰，其方向图如图2所示。在场馆中使用两波束天线可以通过减小扇区覆盖范围提升容量，但是椭圆形的覆盖区域存在相邻扇区重叠过大和容易出现盲区等缺点。
因此，需要一种改进的两波束阵列天线，其在宽频带的工作区间通过快速的波束收敛形成清晰且干净的矩形覆盖区域，在多扇区的精细化覆盖方案中减少相邻扇区重叠区域，降低邻区干扰，减少覆盖盲区，提高场馆等热点区域的通信容量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种覆盖区域为矩形的两波束阵列天线及系统，水平方向分裂成3dB波宽29度的两个波束,且每一个波束的覆盖区域都是矩形，邻区干扰非常小。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种两波束阵列天线，包括金属反射板、辐射单元阵列、多个功率分配网络、两个波束形成网络；辐射单元阵列、功率分配网络、波束形成网络安装在金属反射板上；
所述辐射单元阵列包括M行N列的双极化振子，且M≥2，N≥8；
每一行多个双极化振子沿一水平参考线排列，且每一行双极化振子对应的参考线之间没有交叠；每一列多个双极化振子沿一垂直参考线排列，且每一列双极化振子对应的参考线之间没有交叠；
每一个波束形成网络具有2个输入端口和N个输出端口，包括形成第一波束的第一输入端口和形成第二波束的第二输入端口、以及连接到M×N阵列的所述N列的N个输出端口；
每一列的多个双极化振子与垂直方向的功率分配网络输出端口连接，功率分配网络数量为N个，每一个功率分配网络包含两个输出端口为M的威尔金森功分器；波束形成网络的输出端口与功率分配网络的输入端口相连，形成一个具有四个输出端口的双极化两波束阵列天线。
进一步地，所述水平方向排列的双极化振子数目为N＝8；所述双极化振子在每一条垂直参考线上数目为M＝5。
进一步地，每一个功率分配网络包含两个输出端口为5的威尔金森功分器。
进一步地，每一个波束形成网络包括2个180度混合器、2个60度移相器、2个3路巴特勒矩阵电路和2个2路功分器；每一个180度混合器的一个输入端口连接50ohm电阻接地，一个输出端口通过60度移相器与其中一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的输入端口连接，另外一个输出端口连接另外一个3路巴特勒矩阵电 路的一个输入端口；每一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的三个输入端口对应的输出端口的相位变化关系分别为+120度、-120度和0度，对应0度相位变化的输入端口连接50ohm电阻接地；每一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的其中一个输出端口连接1个2路功分器的输入端口，2个2路功分器的4个输出端口和2个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的其余4个输出端口作为波束形成网络的输出端口。
进一步地，每一行以及每一列的两个双极化振子需增加180度移相器，并且幅度相对于其它能量最大的双极化振子小5dB以上；每一个功率分配网络的能量最低的两个输出端口连接180度移相器后连接双极化振子；每一个波束形成网络的输出端口之间的相位差为+60度或-60度，每一个波束形成网络能量最低的两个输出端口连接180度移相器后连接功率分配网络。
进一步地，所述双极化振子水平方向间距相等，所述双极化振子垂直方向间距相等，为0.3至0.7倍中心频率波长。
进一步地，所述双极化振子水平间距与垂直间距相等，均为0.5倍中心频率波长。
进一步地，第一波束具有-15至-30度之间的第一方位角；第二波束具有15度至30度之间的第二方位角。
进一步地，所述两波束阵列天线的水平面劈裂成2个半功率波宽为29度的矩形波束，每一个波束主瓣方向3dB范围内幅度稳定且拥有2个波峰，主瓣范围以外功率快速下降，3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于12度，两个波束的水平交叉电平为-7dB；每一个波束的垂直面3dB波宽为50度，3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于20度。
一种两波束阵列天线系统，包括至少两个所述两波束阵列天线，分别工作在中频段以及高频段；中频段两波束阵列天线工作在1695-2200MHz频段范围，高频段两波束阵列天线工作于2300～2700MHz频段范围，不同频段的两波束阵列天线通过合路器进行信号合路，以共享输出端口。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
采用本发明的结构，在保持阵列天线具有较快的波束收敛能力的基础上，通过波束分裂的方式增加扇区数量，不仅可以降低场馆等热点区域的邻区干扰，而且进一步增加扇区数量，可以最大程度提高网络容量。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术一种3dB波宽为65度的天线水平方向图；
图2为现有技术的低旁瓣两波束天线阵列水平面方向图；
图3为本发明实现的具有矩形覆盖区域的两波束阵列天线结构图；
图4为本发明实施例一提供的天线的波束形成网络结构图；
图5为本发明实施例一的天线垂直面与水平面方向图；
图6为本发明实施例二的天线垂直面与水平面方向图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面将结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。需要指出的是，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
如图3所示，本发明实施例一提供一种两波束阵列天线，包括金属反射板、 辐射单元阵列、多个功率分配网络、2个波束形成网络；辐射单元阵列、功率分配网络、波束形成网络安装在金属反射板上。
所述辐射单元阵列由40个双极化振子101组成，40个双极化振子分成8个子阵列，每一个子阵列包含5个位于垂直方向的双极化振子；子阵列的5个双极化振子沿着一条垂直参考线排列，多个子阵列的垂直参考线之间没有交叠，垂直间距为d1；多个子阵列的中心沿着一条水平参考线排列，水平间距为d2。
每一个波束形成网络103具有2个输入端口和8个输出端口，包括形成第一波束的第一输入端口和形成第二波束的第二输入端口、以及连接到5×8阵列的所述8列的8个输出端口；
所述子阵列的5个双极化振子与垂直方向的功率分配网络102连接，形成一个子天线，功率分配网络数量为8个，每一个功率分配网络包含两个输出端口为5的威尔金森功分器；8个子天线与波束形成网络103连接，形成双极化两波束阵列天线，其四个输出端口中P1和P2对应第一波束的+45度极化和-45度极化，P3和P4对应第二波束的+45度极化和-45度极化。
所述波束形成网络103结构如图4所示，包含形成第一波束的第一输入A1，以及形成第二波束的第二输入A2。其包括2个180度混合器301、2个60度移相器302、2个3路巴特勒矩阵电路303和2个2路功分器304；180度混合器301的一个输入端口连接50ohm电阻接地，第一个输出端口通过60度移相器与3路巴特勒矩阵电路的输入端口(B1/B3)连接，第二个输出端口与另外一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的输入端口(B2/B4)连接；每一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路303的三个输入端口对应的输出端口的相位变化关系分别为+120度、-120度和0度，对应0度相位变化的输入端口连接50ohm电阻接地；每一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路其中一个输出端口连接1个2路功分器的输入端口，2个2路功分器的4个输出端口和2个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的其余4个输出端口作为波束形成网络的输出端口。
振子水平间距与垂直间距相等，即d1＝d2，数值为工作频率的半个波长；每一行以及每一列的两个双极化振子需增加180度移相器，并且幅度相对于其它能量最大的双极化振子小5dB以上，以形成边缘陡降的方向图；每一个功率分配网络的能量最低的两个输出端口连接180度移相器后连接双极化振子；每一个波束形成网络的输出端口之间的相位差为+60度或-60度，每一个波束形成网络能量最低的两个输出端口连接180度移相器后连接功率分配网络。
所述阵列天线的方向图如图5所示，垂直方向与水平方向两波束的辐射方向图类似，呈主瓣方向轻微凹陷、两边隆起的矩形赋形形状。所述矩形赋形方向图在主瓣方向有连续2个波峰，中心频率水平方向每一个波束3dB波宽为29度，20dB波宽为45度，两个波束的方位角为-18度和+18度，交叉电平为-7dB。整个频段1695-2200MHz范围内3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于12度，旁瓣抑制优于20dB。
所述的宽频阵列天线的垂直面方向图为主瓣方向幅度稳定且拥有至少2个波峰，中心频率3dB波宽为50度，20dB波宽为85度，主波束范围以外3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于20度，旁瓣抑制优于20dB。
实施例二
本发明实施例二在实施例一的基础上进行了变化。
本发明实施例二提供的两波束阵列天线的辐射单元阵列中双极化振子个数为64，垂直方向和水平方向都是8个天线单元。功分器网络102变化为2个输出端口为8的威尔金森功分器，所述威尔金森功分器其中两个输出端口比功率最大输出端口能量低5dB以上，且需通过180度移相器与振子相连，其余部分结构与实施例一相同。
两波束阵列天线中心频率方向图如图6所示。每个波束3dB波宽在水平面与垂直面均为29度，20dB波宽为45度。所述每个子系统在1695-2200MHz频段内的3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于12度，旁瓣抑制优于20dB。与实施例一 相比，本实施例在垂直面提供更窄的波宽，可以对场馆内区域做更精细的覆盖，通过缩小扇区范围从而增加扇区数量，进一步提升网络容量。
实施例三
本发明实施例三在实施例一和二的基础上进行了变化。
本发明实施例三提供一种两波束阵列天线系统，包括至少2个所述两波束阵列天线，每一个两波束阵列天线形成一个子系统，子系统的个数至少是2个，分别工作在中频段以及高频段；中频段子系统工作在1695-2200MHz频段范围，高频段子系统工作于2300-2700MHz频段范围，不同频段的子系统通过1695-2200/2300-2700合路器进行信号合路，以共享输出端口。
子系统在2300-2700以及1695-2200MHz的整个频段的方向图与图5或图6类似，每个子系统水平面分裂成两个波束，每一个波束中心频点3dB水平面波宽为29度，20dB波宽为45度。所述每个子系统频段内的3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于12度，旁瓣抑制优于20dB。
本实施例的优点在于工作频带宽，兼容目前主流的4G，3G的多个制式频段。不仅可以减少所用的天线数目，减少线缆等布站成本，也可以减少运营维护费用。
需要强调的是，以上3个实施例中，每个子系统的辐射单元阵列中，位于水平和垂直方向相邻两个双极化振子之间的间距是固定的，即双极化振子单元是等间距排列的。然而，在实际工程应用中，双极化振子单元也可以是不等间距排列的。这种双极化振子的间距变化交错排列的情形，也可以实现具有矩形赋形的两波束方向图，由于不脱离本发明的构思，也在本发明的保护范围之内。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附 权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，包括金属反射板、辐射单元阵列、多个功率分配网络、两个波束形成网络；辐射单元阵列、功率分配网络、波束形成网络安装在金属反射板上；
    所述辐射单元阵列包括M行N列的双极化振子，且M≥2，N≥8；
    每一行多个双极化振子沿一水平参考线排列，且每一行双极化振子对应的参考线之间没有交叠；每一列多个双极化振子沿一垂直参考线排列，且每一列双极化振子对应的参考线之间没有交叠；
    每一个波束形成网络具有2个输入端口和N个输出端口，包括形成第一波束的第一输入端口和形成第二波束的第二输入端口、以及连接到M×N阵列的所述N列的N个输出端口；
    每一列的多个双极化振子与垂直方向的功率分配网络输出端口连接，功率分配网络数量为N个，每一个功率分配网络包含两个输出端口为M的威尔金森功分器；波束形成网络的输出端口与功率分配网络的输入端口相连，形成一个具有四个输出端口的双极化两波束阵列天线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，所述水平方向排列的双极化振子数目为N＝8；所述双极化振子在每一条垂直参考线上数目为M＝5。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，每一个功率分配网络包含两个输出端口为5的威尔金森功分器。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，每一个波束形成网络包括2个180度混合器、2个60度移相器、2个3路巴特勒矩阵电路和2个2路功分器；每一个180度混合器的一个输入端口连接50ohm电阻接地，一个输出端口通过60度移相器与其中一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的输入端口连接， 另外一个输出端口连接另外一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的一个输入端口；每一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的三个输入端口对应的输出端口的相位变化关系分别为+120度、-120度和0度，对应0度相位变化的输入端口连接50ohm电阻接地；每一个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的其中一个输出端口连接1个2路功分器的输入端口，2个2路功分器的4个输出端口和2个3路巴特勒矩阵电路的其余4个输出端口作为波束形成网络的输出端口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，每一行以及每一列的两个双极化振子需增加180度移相器，并且幅度相对于其它能量最大的双极化振子小5dB以上；每一个功率分配网络的能量最低的两个输出端口连接180度移相器后连接双极化振子；每一个波束形成网络的输出端口之间的相位差为+60度或-60度，每一个波束形成网络能量最低的两个输出端口连接180度移相器后连接功率分配网络。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，所述双极化振子水平方向间距相等，所述双极化振子垂直方向间距相等，为0.3至0.7倍中心频率波长。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，所述双极化振子水平间距与垂直间距相等，均为0.5倍中心频率波长。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，第一波束具有-15至-30度之间的第一方位角；第二波束具有15度至30度之间的第二方位角。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的两波束阵列天线，其特征在于，所述两波束阵列天线的水平面劈裂成2个半功率波宽为29度的矩形波束，每一个波束主瓣方向3dB范围内幅度稳定且拥有2个波峰，主瓣范围以外功率快速下降，3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于12度，两个波束的水平交叉电平为-7dB；每一个波束的垂直 面3dB波宽为50度，3dB至20dB功率下降角度小于20度。
  10. 一种两波束阵列天线系统，其特征在于，包括至少两个权利要求1-9任一所述的两波束阵列天线，分别工作在中频段以及高频段；中频段两波束阵列天线工作在1695-2200MHz频段范围，高频段两波束阵列天线工作于2300～2700MHz频段范围，不同频段的两波束阵列天线通过合路器进行信号合路，以共享输出端口。
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