WO2019088862A1 - Painéis minerais multifuncionais e respetivo processo de fabrico - Google Patents
Painéis minerais multifuncionais e respetivo processo de fabrico Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019088862A1 WO2019088862A1 PCT/PT2018/050041 PT2018050041W WO2019088862A1 WO 2019088862 A1 WO2019088862 A1 WO 2019088862A1 PT 2018050041 W PT2018050041 W PT 2018050041W WO 2019088862 A1 WO2019088862 A1 WO 2019088862A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- panels
- mineral
- kaolin
- metasilicate
- manufacturing process
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 aluminate calcium carbonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019463 artificial additive Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010751 BS 2869 Class A2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/044—Water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/10—Compositions or ingredients thereof characterised by the absence or the very low content of a specific material
- C04B2111/1006—Absence of well-defined organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to non-combustible mineral-based multifunctional panels which are free of contaminants, especially formaldehyde. They are mainly destined to the area of construction, rehabilitation, architecture and decoration, with industrial applications.
- the main purpose of the panels of the present invention is the development of decorative and sustainable panels with high demands on environmental, structural and aesthetic performance.
- the invention further pertains to the manufacturing process of such panels.
- HPL High Pressure Laminates
- Phenolic panels outside, are usually applied as a coat of ventilated facades, in urban furniture, on balconies and in children's equipment. Inside, they can be used in changing rooms, more specifically in partition doors and cabinets.
- HPL high pressure laminates
- these products consist of a core of kraft paper impregnated with phenolic resin and an outer layer of decorative paper impregnated with melamine resin.
- Phenolic panels for outdoor use have to undergo a process of treatment by Electron Beam Curing (process of curing by electron beam), a process of high investment that is reflected in the cost of phenolic panels for outdoor use, which very few companies have this technology.
- Another known treatment for phenolic panels for outdoor use is the application of an acrylic resin overcoat.
- the panels thus produced do not meet the same characteristics as those indicated at the beginning of this paragraph.
- the resins incorporated in the manufacture of phenolic panels whether for indoor or outdoor use, contain contaminants, namely formaldehyde, a substance which, in certain concentrations, namely those typically used in those types of panels, is harmful to health.
- the phenolic panels are subjected to a non-continuous process of high pressure pressing.
- the high pressure process consists of the simultaneous application of heat (temperature ⁇ 120 ° C) and high pressure ( ⁇ 5 MPa or 50 bar).
- heat temperature ⁇ 120 ° C
- high pressure ⁇ 5 MPa or 50 bar.
- a chemical cross-linking reaction occurs and the phenolic resins melt with the melamine, forming a homogeneous, non-porous compact panel (with a density ⁇ 1.35 g / cm 3) whose surface has the desired appearance.
- phenolic panels present problems when in contact with water, because the core in Kraft paper after the contact with the water, during the drying and evaporation of the water, creates uneven tensions, leading to the firing and detachment of the panel.
- Another factor that contributes greatly to the early degradation of phenolic panels of this type is the Kraft paper fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction, which causes that the dilation of the phenolic panels is predominantly in one direction, that is, not homogeneous (creation of bends ).
- melamine resin renders phenolic panels porous, absorbs dust, dirt and other types of pollution that will contribute to accelerate the degradation of the panels.
- US 2013/0323497 discloses an alternative, fire resistant laminate with class A2.
- the laminate described in this invention comprises several steps and materials used for manufacturing the "traditional" HPL panels, namely formaldehyde resins.
- the object of the present invention is the design of multifunctional mineral panels with various application possibilities, in the areas of construction, rehabilitation, architecture and decoration, including urban or other furniture, as well as in industrial applications, namely in decorative and indoor floorings and coverings , without the use of formaldehyde.
- the panels according to the invention are characterized in that they are composed in dry mass percentage by 1 to 35% of calcium aluminate, 5 to 40% of kaolin as the first filler and 10 to 25% of amorphous silicate, associated with 5 to 40% of a second mineral filler.
- kaolin has a dual function, acting either as a first filler or as a plasticizing agent.
- the mineral panels are rigid panels, they are composed, in dry mass percentage, of 1 to 35% of calcium aluminate, 5 to 15% 10 to 25% amorphous silicate, 10 to 40% calcium carbonate, as the second mineral filler, 1 to 15% vegetable fibers, 1 to 3% of metasilicate, 0.2 to 2% of aluminum hydroxide , 0.1 to 0.5% of polycarboxylate and 1 to 3% of polymethyl methacrylate, in a preferred composition, also in dry mass percentage, composed of 10 to 30% of calcium aluminate, 7 to 15% kaolin, 12 to 20% amorphous silicate, 20 to 40% calcium carbonate, as the second mineral filler, 5 to 10% vegetable fibers, 1.5 to 2.5% metasilicate, 0.3 to 1, 5 aluminum hydroxide, 0.2 to 0.4% polycarboxylate and 1 to 3% polymethyl methacrylate.
- the mineral panels are composed, in dry mass percentage, for 1 to 30% of calcium aluminate, 10 to 30% kaolin, 10 to 25% amorphous silicate, 5 to 30% calcium carbonate, as second mineral filler, 5 to 30% vegetable fibers, 1 to 3% synthetic fibers, 1 to 2% metallicasilicate, 2 to 2% of aluminum hydroxide, 0.1 to 0.5% of polycarboxylate and 0.3 to 5% of polymethyl methacrylate of low hardness, with, in a preferred composition, also in dry mass percentage, compounds 10 to 25% calcium aluminate, 15 to 25% kaolin, 12 to 20% amorphous silicate, 8 to 25% calcium carbonate, as the second mineral filler, 8 to 25% vegetable fibers, 2 to 3 % of synthetic fibers, 1 to 2% of metasilicate, 0.3 to 1.5% of aluminum hydroxide, 0.2 to 0.4% of polycarboxylate and 0.3 to 5% of polymethyl meth
- the mineral panels are composed, in dry mass percentage, for 1 to 30% of calcium aluminate, 15 to 40 % of kaolin, 10 to 25% of amorphous silicate, 10 to 35% of industrial talc, as the second mineral filler, 5 to 20% of a blend of vegetable fibers, 1 to 2% of synthetic fibers, 1 to 3% of metasilicate , 0.2 to 2% of aluminum hydroxide, 0.1 to 0.5% of polycarboxylate and 1 to 4% of polymethylmethacrylate of low hardness, with, in a preferred composition, also in dry mass percentage, composed of 10 to 25% calcium aluminate, 20 to 38% kaolin, 12 to 20% amorphous silicate, 15 to 30% industrial talc, as the second mineral filler, 7 to 15% of a mixture of vegetable fibers, 1 to 2% of synthetic fibers, 1 to 2.5 of metasilicate, 0.3 to 1.5% of aluminum hydroxide,
- Memory panels are understood to be flexible panels that charge under load but do not instantly resume the starting position when the loads are removed.
- said three embodiments generally comprise panels characterized in that they are composed in percentage dry mass by 1 to 35% of calcium aluminate, 5 to 40% of kaolin, while the first charge , 10 to 25% amorphous silicate, 5 to 40% of a second mineral filler, of calcium carbonate or industrial talc, 1 to 3% metasilicate, 0.2 to 2% aluminum hydroxide, 0.1 to 0, 5% polycarboxylate, 0.3 to 5% polymethylmethacrylate or polymethyl methacrylate of low TG and 1 to 30% fibers.
- wetting agents in addition to the above-described components, in addition to the aforesaid polycarboxylate and polymethyl methacrylate, wetting agents, PH regulators and pigments, in very small percentages may also be used as additives.
- approximately 96%, dry mass, of the product corresponds to natural raw materials.
- cork granulates preferably with an average diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm, in a proportion of 3 to 10% by weight.
- thermal energy accumulating microspheres may be used in percentages of 5 to 15% by weight.
- the mineral panels may combine in one and the same core, in any combination, the characteristics of the three embodiments described above, in several layers.
- a panel according to the invention may have a rigid central layer, and two flexible surface layers.
- Another example would be a panel with a core composed of a rigid central layer a flexible surface layer and another surface layer with memory.
- the combination can have more than three layers in the same core.
- the invention further pertains to the manufacturing process of the panels described above.
- Such a process comprises the following steps: a first step of forming a fiber web; - a second step consisting of the impregnation of the fiber mesh with methasilicate and drying thereof; - a third step consisting in drying the impregnated mesh; - a fourth step consisting in the formation of one or more sheets resulting from the impregnation of the previously pre-impregnated and dried prior mesh with at least one suspension compound according to the invention, i.e.
- step iv) which composition, in dry mass percentage, is, respectively, as indicated above for the first to third embodiments.
- the synthetic additives which enter into the composition of the compound used in step iv), and which have a flowing and binder function, respectively, namely the polycarboxylate and the polymethyl methacrylate or polymethyl methacrylate of low TG, are suspended in water at about 55% to 65% by weight.
- the blade (s) is (are) a cutting target followed by a sheathing, either a sheathing, namely by winding, followed by shearing, thereby forming a panel pre-core, which is subjected to pressure, between about 50 and 100 bar, in particular in a press, with the formation of a panel blank.
- the panel cores are targeted for activation, preferably in autoclave, followed by a natural silicon stage. Alternatively, activation and silification can occur both naturally at a longer stage. Autoclaving may further be promoted, but, for that, it is necessary to add unnatural accelerating agents to the impregnation compound of the mesh used in step iv).
- Finishing of the panels starts with a pre-finishing step in which the blank panels undergo the following three steps: a) drying; b) calibration and rectification of thickness; and c) primer application to the surfaces.
- the cores of the panels are either surface lacquered or applied to an impregnated decorative film, or a final surface finish. Finally, the panels thus formed are subject to perimeter cutting of squaring and wrapping.
- the aforementioned panel core once consolidated its silification process, is subjected to drying, followed by calibration, and first application of a primer and finally being of an ink or protective varnish, whether of a decorative surface film, in the latter case after the application of a glue product thereof on the said primary.
- the panels according to the invention are distinguished from phenolic panels by their incombustibility (class A1), since they are free of contaminants, especially formaldehyde, having high dimensional stability and high resistance to humidity, as well as a decorative surface resistant to various environmental conditions, allowing a variety of finishes.
- the panels according to the invention are weather resistant, frost and thaw resistant, resistant to impact and resistant to microorganisms, in addition to being highly durable and recyclable. Due to these properties, these panels can be safely used in a wide range of applications where, for example, phenolic panels can not be used due, in particular, to their flammability.
- Another important advantage of the present invention over phenolic panels is the manufacturing method, since it incorporates lower energy consumption and does not use environmentally harmful raw materials.
- Figure 1 shows schematically a core of a panel according to the invention.
- Figure 2 schematically shows a panel core according to the invention, according to one embodiment using cork or other acoustically insulating material.
- Figure 3 schematically shows a panel according to the invention, according to one embodiment in which the central core is covered, superficially, on each side by impregnated decorative films.
- Figure 4 schematically shows a panel according to the invention, according to one embodiment in which the central core is covered, superficially, on each side by an aluminum decorative film.
- Figures 5, 6 depict schematically and respectively the case of a panel according to the invention in the following configurations: rigid and flexible.
- Figure 7 shows, schematically, the case of a panel according to the invention in a "memory" configuration, the natural position of the panel being found, that is to say the panel not being requested by external forces, the interrupted line is indicated ( dash / dot).
- Figures 8, 9 and 10 depict, schematically and respectively, the case of panels according to the invention with a core having 3 main layers: flexible / rigid / flexible, rigid / flexible / rigid and "memory” / rigid / "with memory”.
- Figure 11 is a schematic exemplary representation of the first step of the manufacturing process of the panels according to the invention, the formation of the fiber web.
- Figure 12 is an exemplary schematic representation of the second and third steps of the manufacturing process of the panels of the invention: first impregnation of the mesh and subsequent drying.
- Figure 13 is a schematic exemplary representation of the fourth step of the manufacturing process of the panels according to the invention - the second impregnation of the fiber mesh, this time forming a blade - and two variants of the fifth step of the same process, respectively the cutting and blading of blades or the blinding of blades with cutting.
- Figure 14 is an exemplary schematic representation of the sixth step of the manufacturing process of the panels according to the invention - pressing the pre-core of the panel - and part of the seventh step of the same process, the autoclave activation.
- Figure 15 is an exemplary schematic representation of the second part of the sixth step of the manufacturing process of the panels according to the invention - natural silica - and the first stage of the pre-finishing process of the panels.
- Figure 16 is an exemplary schematic representation of the second and third steps of the pre-finishing process of the panels according to the invention - the calibration and rectification of the thickness, as well as the application of primer, respectively - and also of two variants of the first stage of final finishing of the panels, namely: the application of a protective paint or varnish and the application of an impregnated decorative film.
- Figure 17 is an exemplary schematic representation of the final finishing operation - the perimetral squaring cut - and the packaging operation.
- the manufacturing process of the panels comprises, as shown in Figure 11, a first step (i) of forming a fiber web (501) (500), in which the fibers are deposited in a uniform layer having a density of about 16 to 20 g / m 2 on a conveyor belt and made to pass through a roller calender (701) under a pressure of about 20 to 30 bar at a temperature of about 120 ° C, forming a knit of fibers that can be rolled up, in particular on a roll (502).
- the fibers Prior to the aforementioned deposition of the fiber layer, the fibers are selected.
- the fibers used are selected from vegetable fibers, either of a single type, depending on the type of products to be produced, of more than one type. In the same way, synthetic fibers can still be used. If the fibers are not of a single type, their dosing is followed by a blending operation in order to obtain a uniform distribution for the purposes of the aforesaid deposition.
- a second step (ii) of the process, viewable in Figure 12 the fiber web is impregnated, for a short period, preferably continuously, with a solution of metasilicate in suspension in water at about 60 to 70% by mass , the excess moisture being removed, for example by a pair of press rollers (not shown in the figure), and the mesh thus impregnated being subjected, in a third step (iii), also shown in figure 12, namely a process of drying in a dryer at a temperature of 120 to 140 ° C at ambient pressure, whereupon the impregnated and dried fabric can be rewound, namely in a roll 503.
- the impregnation may be by any known method, such as, for example, by immersion continuously in a vat (for example, a vat of less than one meter in length and with the fiber web being circulated at a rate of about 100 m / min), by passing between transfer rollers or by spraying.
- a vat for example, a vat of less than one meter in length and with the fiber web being circulated at a rate of about 100 m / min
- Said impregnation of the fiber mesh serves to waterproof the fibers which thus retain their mechanical properties, avoiding their natural biological degradation process, rendering them completely inert, and, in addition, to increase their resilience to fire. Additionally it favors adhesion to the mesh of the compound to be subsequently impregnated.
- a compound according to the invention which is preferably formed by metering its inerts and the mixture thereof in a dry mixer (702) and the subsequent mixing thereof in a second mixer (703) with the liquid components dosed, namely liquid silicates (the metasilicate, suspended in water at 30 to 40% by weight) and the additives (namely polycarboxylate and the polymethyl methacrylate, suspended in water at 55% to 65% by weight), and additional water, at a ratio of at least 40% by weight, relative to the dry inerts, to keep the resulting compound in suspension.
- a compound according to the invention which is preferably formed by metering its inerts and the mixture thereof in a dry mixer (702) and the subsequent mixing thereof in a second mixer (703) with the liquid components dosed, namely liquid silicates (the metasilicate, suspended in water at 30 to 40% by weight) and the additives (namely polycarboxylate and the polymethyl methacrylate, suspended in water at 55% to 65% by weight), and additional water
- This impregnation (iv) of the pre-impregnated mesh with silicates with said compound is preferably made in a curtain system, preferably on a microperforated conveyor and preferably subjected to vacuum in the lower part, to remove excess water and favor the traction of the mesh on the carpet.
- the blade (504) thus formed has a thickness of from about 0.8 to 1.2 mm in thickness.
- the curtain system is multiple and it is possible to deposit different compounds according to the invention for forming the desired panels as described above so that at each moment the forming sheet has the composition suitable to the panel and, if applicable, to the part of the panel panel, which will integrate.
- a panel pre-core 505 is formed from the blade 504 formed in the previous step, which may be done by any of the following two variants (v-1; v-2 ) of the process (both viewable in Figure 13):
- the blade 504 is cut into portions of the desired length for the panel, each section being deposited on the last section previously cut until the number of blade sections desired for forming a panel is reached, following the assembly as a whole encastelado, denominated panel pre-core (505), for a press;
- a forming roll the perimeter of which corresponds to the maximum length of each panel, is continuously winding the blade 504, giving a number of turns corresponding to the number of blade layers desired for the panel core, the pre-core (505) and wound off the forming roll and proceed to a press.
- each panel pre-core (505) is pressed at a pressure of from 50 to 100 bar for about 15 to 20 seconds. Pressing allows the air in the frame structure to be removed and further fully compresses the panels and gives them a high density. According to the present embodiment of the invention, panels larger than 3700 by 1650 mm and with thicknesses of 6 to 20 mm can be obtained. In the case of non-coiling, it is technically possible to obtain even higher thicknesses.
- the thickness of the panel is gradually obtained during the production of the core, as described above, it is certain that at the end of the pressing, the blades are inextricably connected to one another, yielding a density of at least 1500 kg / m 3.
- these blanks are pre-compressed and have sufficient strength to be manipulated by machine or by hand.
- the already pressed raw cores 506 are stacked and sent to an autoclave where, in a seventh step (vii-1), for the activation of the additives, they are subjected to a temperature of about 80 at 120 ° C, at a pressure of about 3 to 4 bar, for a period of 4 to 6 hours, leaving panels having a relative humidity of 30 to 50%.
- An eighth step (vii-2), shown in Figure 15, follows in which the panel pre-cores are subjected to a natural silica process for about 10 to 15 days at room temperature.
- a ninth step (a) panel cores with a relative humidity of about 20 to 30% relative humidity are subjected to a drying process in a dryer at ambient pressure at a temperature of about 100 to 120 ° C, for about 5 to 6 hours, leaving at a relative humidity of about 1 to 2%.
- the panel cores are individually calibrated to the desired thickness, whereafter, in a eleventh step (c), a methacrylate based primer is applied superficially.
- the primary cores are individually subject to decorative surface finish by one of the following two processes ( ⁇ -1; ⁇ -2), both of which can be visualized in figure 16:
- Each panel core is subject to the application ( ⁇ -1) of protective paint or varnish (609) on each of its two surfaces.
- ⁇ -1 protective paint or varnish
- a polyester resin or an acrylic resin and, as paint, a water-based paint can be used as a varnish.
- Each panel core is subjected to the hot application ( ⁇ -2), at least on one side, of a reactive product for bonding on the primer and a decorative surface film (3), subjected to the application of a pressure of approximately 2 to 3 bar in a roller mill (706).
- the reactive product for hot gluing of the surface film is preferably selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane, polyester, epoxy and polyether.
- the decorative film may be, for example, a sheet of paper impregnated with a synthetic resin, a sheet of metal - namely aluminum, copper or stainless steel - or a film of polymers, such as polyester (PES), polyethylene terephthalate ( PET) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the decorative film can both have a uniform color, as can be fancy, with any motifs or decorative patterns, such as imitation wood or natural stones.
- each panel is mitered to the desired final measurement, ready for use or packaging.
- the process according to the invention has the advantage of being of low energy cost.
- FIG. 1 to 10 several examples are shown either of panels according to the invention, or of cores of such panels.
- the cores can be colored by refusing pigments, for example different colors can be used for the blades / cores of different rigidity.
- the cross-sectional view of a panel thus identifies its type.
- the panels according to the invention exhibit high chemical resistance, as well as UV rays, scratch wear and impact.
- the panels still have certain enhanced beneficial characteristics, such as thermal resistance, in the already mentioned case of the use of cork in the core of the panels.
- energy-storing microspheres are used in the core of the panels, these can be used as heat accumulators, which release the heat absorbed during the day.
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Abstract
Description
- uma primeira etapa de formação de uma malha de fibras;
- uma segunda etapa que consiste na impregnação da malha de fibras, com metassilicato, e secagem da mesma;
- uma terceira etapa que consiste na secagem da malha impregnada;
- uma quarta etapa que consiste na formação de uma ou mais lâminas resultantes da impregnação da malha da etapa anterior – antes pré-impregnada e seca – com pelo menos um composto em suspensão segundo a invenção, isto é, integrando, em percentagem mássica, em seco, 1 a 35% de aluminato de cálcio, 5 a 40% de caulino, enquanto primeira carga, e 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, associados a 5 a 40% de uma segunda carga mineral;
- uma quinta etapa que consiste na formação de um pré-núcleo de painel, por corte e encastelamento, ou vice-versa, da(s) lâmina(s) impregnada(s) com o(s) composto(s) segundo a invenção;
- uma sexta etapa que consiste na formação de um núcleo em bruto de painel, por prensagem do pré-painel;
- uma sétima etapa que consiste na ativação dos compostos do núcleo em bruto do painel.
1 | Núcleo(s)de painel | |
11 | Camada rígida | |
12 | Camada flexível | |
13 | Camada com memória | |
2 | Cortiça | |
3 | Película decorativa impregnada | |
4 | Película decorativa de alumínio | |
500 | Fibras | |
501 | Malha de fibras | |
502 | Rolo de malha de fibras | |
503 | Rolo de malha de fibras impregnadas secas | |
504 | Lâmina de malha impregnada com composto | |
505 | Pré-núcleo(s) de painel | |
506 | Núcleo em bruto de painel | |
600 | 1ª suspensão de metassilicato | |
601 | inertes | |
602 | 2ª suspensão de metassilicato | |
603 | aditivos | |
604 | água | |
605 | Pigmento 1 | |
606 | Pigmento 2 | |
607 | Granulado de cortiça | |
608 | primário | |
609 | Verniz ou tinta | |
700 | Aplicador de fibras | |
701 | Calandra | |
702 | Misturador de secos | |
703 | Misturador de inertes com metassilicato, aditivos e água | |
704 | Primeiro tanque agitador | |
705 | Segundo tanque agitador | |
706 | Laminadora de rolos | |
i | Primeira etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
ii | Segunda etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
iii | Terceira etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
iv | Quarta etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
v-1 | Primeira variante da quinta etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
v-2 | Segunda variante da quinta etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
vi | Sexta etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
vii-1 | Primeira variante da sétima etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
vii-2 | Segunda variante da sétima etapa do processo de fabrico dos painéis | |
a | Primeira etapa do processo de pré-acabamento dos painéis | |
b | Segunda etapa do processo de pré-acabamento dos painéis | |
c | Terceira etapa do processo de pré-acabamento dos painéis | |
α-1 | Primeira variante da primeira operação de acabamento final | |
α-2 | Segunda variante da primeira operação de acabamento final | |
β | Segunda operação acabamento final |
- A lâmina (504) vai sendo cortada em troços com o comprimento desejado para o painel, sendo cada troço depositado sobre o último troço anteriormente cortado até se atingir o número de troços de lâmina desejado para a formação de um painel, seguindo o conjunto assim encastelado, denominado pré-núcleo (505) de painel, para uma prensa;
- Um rolo formador, cujo perímetro corresponde ao comprimento máximo de cada painel vai enrolando continuamente sobre si a lâmina (504), dando um número de voltas correspondente ao número de camadas de lâmina pretendido para o núcleo de painel, sendo então o pré-núcleo (505) de painel enrolado e cortado e feito descolar do rolo formador e seguir para uma prensa.
- Cada núcleo de painel é alvo da aplicação (α-1) de tinta ou verniz protetores (609) em cada uma das suas duas superfícies. Em particular, pode-se usar, como verniz, uma resina de poliéster ou uma resina acrílica e, como tinta, uma tinta à base de água.
- Cada núcleo de painel é alvo da aplicação (α-2) a quente, pelo menos de um dos lados, de um produto reativo para colagem sobre o primário e de uma película decorativa superficial (3), sujeita à aplicação de uma pressão de aproximadamente 2 a 3 bar numa laminadora de rolos (706). O produto reativo para a colagem a quente da película superficial, é preferencialmente selecionado de entre o conjunto compreendido por: poliuretano, poliéster, epóxi e polieter. A película decorativa pode ser, por exemplo, uma folha de papel impregnada com uma resina sintética, uma folha de metal - designadamente de alumínio, cobre ou aço inox – ou um filme de polímeros, como seja, poliéster (PES), polietileno tereftalato (PET) ou policloreto de vinil (PVC). A película decorativa tanto pode ter cor uniforme, como pode ser de fantasia, com quaisquer motivos ou padrões decorativos, como imitações madeira ou de pedras naturais.
- com iões de prata, que interferem no crescimento de colónias de microrganismos, podendo assim os painéis com tais películas ser usados em ambientes onde a limpeza e a higiene são uma prioridade. As áreas de aplicação típicas são ambientes fechados, centros hospitalares, centros de saúde, escolas, creches, vestiários, sistemas de ar condicionado.
- com uma pintura contendo pigmentos especiais de alta performance e alta qualidade, que melhoram significativamente os níveis de reflexão em tons escuros, com uma importante redução das temperaturas superficiais. As áreas de aplicação típicas são em ambientes exteriores enquanto revestimentos de fachadas e fachadas ventiladas, mormente com elevada exposição solar
Claims (35)
- Painéis minerais caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 1 a 35% de aluminato de cálcio, 5 a 40% de caulino, enquanto primeira carga, e 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, associados a 5 a 40% de uma segunda carga mineral.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 1 a 35% de aluminato de cálcio, 5 a 15% de caulino, 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, 10 a 40% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 1 a 15% de fibras vegetais, 1 a 3% de metassilicato, 0,2 a 2% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,1 a 0,5% de policarboxilato e 1 a 3% de polimetil-metacrilato.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 2, caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 10 a 30% de aluminato de cálcio, 7 a 15% de caulino, 12 a 20% de silicato amorfo, 20 a 40% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 5 a 10% de fibras vegetais, 1,5 a 2,5% de metassilicato, 0,3 a 1,5 de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,2 a 0,4% de policarboxilato e 1 a 3% de polimetil-metacrilato.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 1 a 30% de aluminato de cálcio, 10 a 30% de caulino, 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, 5 a 30% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 5 a 30% de fibras vegetais, 1 a 3% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 2% de metassilicato, 0,2 a 2% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,1 a 0,5% de policarboxilato e 0,3 a 5% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 4, caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 10 a 25% de aluminato de cálcio, 15 a 25% de caulino, 12 a 20% de silicato amorfo, 8 a 25% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 8 a 25% de fibras vegetais, 2 a 3% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 2% de metassilicato, 0,3 a 1,5% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,2 a 0,4% de policarboxilato e 0,3 a 5% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 1 a 30% de aluminato de cálcio, 15 a 40% de caulino, 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, 10 a 35% de talco industrial, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 5 a 20% de uma mistura de fibras vegetais, 1 a 2% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 3% de metassilicato, 0,2 a 2% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,1 a 0,5% de policarboxilato e 1 a 4% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 6, caracterizados por serem compostos, em percentagem mássica, em seco, por 10 a 25% de aluminato de cálcio, 20 a 38% de caulino, 12 a 20% de silicato amorfo, 15 a 30% de talco industrial, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 7 a 15% de uma mistura de fibras vegetais, 1 a 2% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 2,5 de metassilicato, 0,3 a 1,5% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,2 a 0,4% de policarboxilato e 1 a 4% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por o respetivo núcleo poder ter várias camadas distintas cada uma delas com a composição segundo pelo menos uma das reivindicações 2 a 7.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por compreenderam, pelo menos numa das faces, uma película decorativa unida ao núcleo.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por compreenderam granulados de cortiça no núcleo.
- Painéis minerais de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 1, caracterizados por compreenderam microesferas acumuladoras de energia térmica, no núcleo.
- Processo de fabrico dos painéis minerais segundo as reivindicações anteriores, caracterizado por compreender as seguintes etapas:
i) formação de uma malha de fibras;
ii) impregnação da dita malha de fibras, com metassilicato;
iii) secagem da malha impregnada;
iv) formação de uma ou mais lâminas impregnando a malha – antes pré-impregnada e seca – com pelo menos um composto em suspensão integrando, em percentagem mássica, em seco, 1 a 35% de aluminato de cálcio, 5 a 40% de caulino, enquanto primeira carga, e 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, associados a 5 a 40% de uma segunda carga mineral;
v) formação de um pré-núcleo de painel, por corte e encastelamento, ou vice-versa, da(s) dita(s) lâmina(s) impregnada(s) com o(s) composto(s) indicado(s) na etapa iii);
vi) formação de um núcleo em bruto de painel, por prensagem do pré-painel;
vii) ativação dos compostos do núcleo em bruto do painel. - Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 12, caracterizado por, antes da etapa i), haver uma operação prévia de dosificação de fibras de vários tipos, designadamente de entre fibras vegetais e/ou fibras sintéticas, seguida de uma operação de homogeneização da distribuição da mistura de fibras.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo a reivindicação n.º 12 ou n.º 13, caracterizado por a etapa i) consistir na deposição de uma camada uniforme de fibras, com uma densidade de cerca de 16 a 20 g/m2, sobre um tapete rolante e no atravessamento desta por uma calandra de rolos, sob uma pressão de cerca de 20 a 30 bar a uma temperatura de cerca de 120 ºC.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 14, caracterizado por a etapa ii) consistir na impregnação da malha de fibra, durante um breve período, com uma solução de metassilicato em suspensão em água a cerca de 60 a 70%, em massa, sendo o excesso de humidade removido após tal impregnação.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 15, caracterizado por a impregnação ser feita em contínuo e por a remoção do excesso de humidade ser feita, também em contínuo, por um par de rolos pressores, imediatamente após tal impregnação.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 16, caracterizado por a etapa iii) consistir numa secagem a uma temperatura de 120 a 140 ºC, à pressão ambiente.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 17, caracterizado por o composto em suspensão, com que a malha é impregnada na etapa iv), ter a seguinte composição, em percentagem mássica, em seco: 1 a 35% de aluminato de cálcio, 5 a 15% de caulino, 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, 10 a 40% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 1 a 15% de fibras vegetais, 1 a 3% de metassilicato, 0,2 a 2% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,1 a 0,5% de policarboxilato e 1 a 3% de polimetil-metacrilato.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 18, caracterizado por, o composto em suspensão, com que a malha é impregnada na etapa iv), ter a seguinte composição, em percentagem mássica, em seco: 10 a 30% de aluminato de cálcio, 7 a 15% de caulino, 12 a 20% de silicato amorfo, 20 a 40% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 5 a 10% de fibras vegetais, 1,5 a 2,5% de metassilicato, 0,3 a 1,5 de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,2 a 0,4% de policarboxilato e 1 a 3% de polimetil-metacrilato.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 17, caracterizado por o composto em suspensão, com que a malha é impregnada na etapa iv), ter a seguinte composição, em percentagem mássica, em seco: 1 a 30% de aluminato de cálcio, 10 a 30% de caulino, 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, 5 a 30% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 5 a 30% de fibras vegetais, 1 a 3% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 2% de metassilicato, 0,2 a 2% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,1 a 0,5% de policarboxilato e 0,3 a 5% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 19, caracterizado por, o composto em suspensão, com que a malha é impregnada na etapa iv), ter a seguinte composição, em percentagem mássica, em seco: 10 a 25% de aluminato de cálcio, 15 a 25% de caulino, 12 a 20% de silicato amorfo, 8 a 25% de carbonato de cálcio, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 8 a 25% de fibras vegetais, 2 a 3% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 2% de metassilicato, 0,3 a 1,5% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,2 a 0,4% de policarboxilato e 0,3 a 5% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 17, caracterizado por o composto em suspensão, com que a malha é impregnada na etapa iv), ter a seguinte composição, em percentagem mássica, em seco: 1 a 30% de aluminato de cálcio, 15 a 40% de caulino, 10 a 25% de silicato amorfo, 10 a 35% de talco industrial, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 5 a 20% de uma mistura de fibras vegetais, 1 a 2% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 3% de metassilicato, 0,2 a 2% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,1 a 0,5% de policarboxilato e 1 a 4% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 22, caracterizado por, o composto em suspensão, com que a malha é impregnada na etapa iv), ter a seguinte composição, em percentagem mássica, em seco: 10 a 25% de aluminato de cálcio, 20 a 38% de caulino, 12 a 20% de silicato amorfo, 15 a 30% de talco industrial, enquanto segunda carga mineral, 7 a 15% de uma mistura de fibras vegetais, 1 a 2% de fibras sintéticas, 1 a 2,5 de metassilicato, 0,3 a 1,5% de hidróxido de alumínio, 0,2 a 0,4% de policarboxilato e 1 a 4% de polimetil-metacrilato de baixa dureza vítrica.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 23, caracterizado por, na etapa iv, os aditivos sintéticas que entram na composição do composto nela usado, e que têm função fluidificante e ligante, respetivamente, a saber o policarboxilato e o polimetil-metacrilato ou o polimetil-metacrilato de baixo TG (baixa dureza vítrica), estarem em suspensão em água, a cerca de 55% a 65%, em massa, por os inertes na forma líquida, que entram na composição do dito composto, a saber, o metassilicato, estarem em suspensão em água a 30 a 40%, em massa, e por ser água adicional, numa proporção de, pelo menos, 40%, em massa, em relação à massa dos inertes secos.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 24, caracterizado por, na etapa v), a pelo menos uma lâmina gerada na etapa iv) ser alvo de corte seguido de encastelamento.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 24, caracterizado por, na etapa v), a pelo menos uma lâmina gerada na etapa iv) ser alvo de encastelamento, designadamente por enrolamento, seguido de corte.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 26, caracterizado por, na etapa vi), o pré-núcleo de painel formado na etapa v), ser submetido a uma pressão compreendida entre 50 e 100 bar
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 27, caracterizado por, na etapa vii), os núcleos em bruto de painel formados na etapa vi), serem alvo de ativação (vii-1), em autoclave, a uma temperatura entre 80 e 120 ºC, a uma pressão de 3 a 4 bar, durante 4 a 6 h, seguida de silificação natural (vii-2) à temperatura e pressão ambiente, durante 10 a 15 dias.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 27, caracterizado por, na etapa vii), os núcleos em bruto de painel formados na etapa vi), serem alvo de ativação natural (vii-2), com silificação durante cerca de 2 meses
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com pelo menos uma das reivindicações n.ºs 12 a 29, caracterizado por, após a etapa vii), haver uma um pré-acabamento dos painéis composto por:
a) secagem;
b) calibragem e retificação de espessura;
c) aplicação de primário. - Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 30, caracterizado por a etapa a), de secagem, se processar a uma temperatura de cerca de 100 a 120 ºC, durante cerca de 5 a 6 horas, à pressão ambiente.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 30, caracterizado por o primário aplicado na etapa c) ser acrílico.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 30, caracterizado por os painéis serem alvo de acabamento (α-1) com tinta ou verniz protetores em pelo menos uma das suas faces.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com a reivindicação n.º 30, caracterizado por os painéis serem alvo de acabamento (α-2) com película decorativa em pelo menos uma das suas faces.
- Processo de fabrico de acordo com as reivindicações n.ºs 33 ou 34, caracterizado por os painéis serem alvo de corte perimetral de esquadrejamento (β) e embalamento.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201880084918.5A CN111868000B (zh) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | 多官能无机面板及其制造方法 |
EA202091146A EA202091146A1 (ru) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | Многофункциональные минеральные панели и способ их получения |
EP18822517.1A EP3708554A1 (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | Multifunctional mineral panels and their manufacturing process |
BR112020009008-5A BR112020009008B1 (pt) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | Painéis minerais e processo para fabricar painéis minerais |
MX2020004686A MX2020004686A (es) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | Paneles minerales multifuncionales y su proceso de fabricacion. |
CA3082496A CA3082496A1 (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | Multifunctional mineral panels and their manufacturing process |
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PT110389 | 2017-11-06 | ||
PT110389A PT110389B (pt) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | Painéis minerais multifuncionais e respetivo processo de fabrico |
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WO2019088862A1 true WO2019088862A1 (pt) | 2019-05-09 |
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PCT/PT2018/050041 WO2019088862A1 (pt) | 2017-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | Painéis minerais multifuncionais e respetivo processo de fabrico |
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EP (1) | EP3708554A1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN111868000B (pt) |
CA (1) | CA3082496A1 (pt) |
EA (1) | EA202091146A1 (pt) |
MX (1) | MX2020004686A (pt) |
PT (1) | PT110389B (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2019088862A1 (pt) |
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US3616021A (en) | 1969-10-29 | 1971-10-26 | Formica Corp | Process for preparing a decorative laminate surfaced with a transparent thermoplastic film |
FR2267206A1 (en) | 1974-04-12 | 1975-11-07 | Formica Sa | Moulding plates for embossing resin impregnated laminates - using metal plates etched to various depths by aqueous ferric chloride |
DE4204583A1 (de) * | 1992-02-15 | 1993-08-19 | Modern Ecological Prod | Verbundwerkstoff, verfahren seiner herstellung und seine verwendung |
RU2150439C1 (ru) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-06-10 | Самарская государственная архитектурно-строительная академия | Вяжущее |
WO2002031287A1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-18 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Composite building material |
US20080185749A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Kastner Kenneth P | Sodium silicate treated fibrous composites |
BG109905A (bg) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-30 | "Оргахим" Ад | Топлоизолационен материал |
US20130323497A1 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2013-12-05 | Gerald Ullrich | Flame resistant laminate |
DE202013011896U1 (de) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-09-16 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Feuerbetonversatz enthaltend ein Geopolymer-Bindemittelsystem sowie die Verwendung des Versatzes |
EP2875924A1 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-05-27 | Kronotec AG | New mineral binder and the use thereof for the manufacturing of wood-based panels |
FR3034094A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-30 | Hoffmann Jb Tech | Composition pour materiau de construction a base de metakaolin, procede de fabrication associe et utilisation pour la realisation d'elements de construction |
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CN105801070B (zh) * | 2016-03-06 | 2018-09-07 | 胡春宇 | 赭石碳纤维涂料板 |
-
2017
- 2017-11-06 PT PT110389A patent/PT110389B/pt active IP Right Grant
-
2018
- 2018-11-06 WO PCT/PT2018/050041 patent/WO2019088862A1/pt unknown
- 2018-11-06 EA EA202091146A patent/EA202091146A1/ru unknown
- 2018-11-06 CA CA3082496A patent/CA3082496A1/en active Pending
- 2018-11-06 MX MX2020004686A patent/MX2020004686A/es unknown
- 2018-11-06 CN CN201880084918.5A patent/CN111868000B/zh active Active
- 2018-11-06 EP EP18822517.1A patent/EP3708554A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3616021A (en) | 1969-10-29 | 1971-10-26 | Formica Corp | Process for preparing a decorative laminate surfaced with a transparent thermoplastic film |
FR2267206A1 (en) | 1974-04-12 | 1975-11-07 | Formica Sa | Moulding plates for embossing resin impregnated laminates - using metal plates etched to various depths by aqueous ferric chloride |
DE4204583A1 (de) * | 1992-02-15 | 1993-08-19 | Modern Ecological Prod | Verbundwerkstoff, verfahren seiner herstellung und seine verwendung |
RU2150439C1 (ru) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-06-10 | Самарская государственная архитектурно-строительная академия | Вяжущее |
WO2002031287A1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-18 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Composite building material |
US20080185749A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-07 | Kastner Kenneth P | Sodium silicate treated fibrous composites |
BG109905A (bg) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-30 | "Оргахим" Ад | Топлоизолационен материал |
US20130323497A1 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2013-12-05 | Gerald Ullrich | Flame resistant laminate |
DE202013011896U1 (de) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-09-16 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Feuerbetonversatz enthaltend ein Geopolymer-Bindemittelsystem sowie die Verwendung des Versatzes |
EP2875924A1 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-05-27 | Kronotec AG | New mineral binder and the use thereof for the manufacturing of wood-based panels |
FR3034094A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-09-30 | Hoffmann Jb Tech | Composition pour materiau de construction a base de metakaolin, procede de fabrication associe et utilisation pour la realisation d'elements de construction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT110389B (pt) | 2023-12-13 |
CA3082496A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
CN111868000A (zh) | 2020-10-30 |
BR112020009008A2 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
MX2020004686A (es) | 2020-12-03 |
CN111868000B (zh) | 2022-07-08 |
EP3708554A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
EA202091146A1 (ru) | 2020-09-07 |
PT110389A (pt) | 2019-05-06 |
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