WO2019086649A1 - Fermenteur à écoulement à bouchons pour une installation de biogaz - Google Patents

Fermenteur à écoulement à bouchons pour une installation de biogaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019086649A1
WO2019086649A1 PCT/EP2018/080108 EP2018080108W WO2019086649A1 WO 2019086649 A1 WO2019086649 A1 WO 2019086649A1 EP 2018080108 W EP2018080108 W EP 2018080108W WO 2019086649 A1 WO2019086649 A1 WO 2019086649A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plug flow
reactor vessel
reactor
container
substrate
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Application number
PCT/EP2018/080108
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Niederbacher
Original Assignee
Michael Niederbacher
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michael Niederbacher filed Critical Michael Niederbacher
Priority to EP18800068.1A priority Critical patent/EP3707232A1/fr
Publication of WO2019086649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019086649A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C12M27/08—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with different stirrer shapes in one shaft or axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/42—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of agitation speed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/10—Separation or concentration of fermentation products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plug flow fermenter of a biogas plant according to the preamble of claim 1, a biogas plant according to claim 33 and a method for producing biogas according to the preamble of claim 34.
  • wet fermentation there are two methods used in practice for biogas production, namely wet fermentation and dry fermentation.
  • the fundamental difference between wet fermentation and dry fermentation is that the dry matter content in the region of the fermenter inlet in wet fermentation is regularly between 9 to 14%, whereas that of dry fermentation is higher and generally> 25%.
  • the process temperatures for wet fermentation are usually around 37 ° C (mesophilic), whereas for dry fermentation they are usually around 55 ° C (thermophilic).
  • dry fermentation or dry fermentation is that in this comparatively dry, fibrous and contaminant-containing biomass, such as biowaste, organic fractions from residual waste, manure and green waste, which are problematic to process in wet fermenting biogas plants can be processed to biogas to create. Dry fermentation can thus use substrates that are not in competition with food production to produce biogas.
  • fibrous and contaminant-containing biomass such as biowaste, organic fractions from residual waste, manure and green waste
  • a fermentation tank a so-called garage fermenter
  • a mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic mixing of the fermenter content is omitted here.
  • the temperature control and inoculation with methane bacteria takes place here via the recirculation of the percolate accumulating during the course of the process.
  • the substrate addition thus takes place only at the beginning of the fermentation process and the introduced material is then completely fermented.
  • Such biogas plants are regularly modular and have several fermenter tanks to achieve a more or less uniform gas production.
  • the continuous dry fermentation process similar to the wet fermentation, the substrate is introduced continuously or at intervals in the reactor or fermenter tank.
  • plug flow fermenters are used, in which the substrate, preferably in conjunction with the use of hydraulic piston pumps, is conveyed as a plug through the fermenter.
  • plug-flow fermenter is known from DE 44 16 521 A1.
  • the fermenter is here specifically designed as a horizontal cylindrical fermenter. In the two opposite end walls of the cylindrical reactor vessel, a rotational axis of a stirrer is mounted centrally. At this axis of rotation stirring arms are arranged at regular, axial intervals.
  • a plug flow fermenter of a biogas plant which has a reactor vessel, in the reactor interior a, preferably by dry fermentation, fermented substrate as a plug flow with biogas production is fermentable, wherein the reactor vessel a container inlet through which the substrate to be fermented in the interior of the reactor can be fed, and has a plug flow in the direction of flow from the container inlet spaced container outlet, through which the fermented substrate from the reactor interior is dischargeable.
  • the fermenter has a central storage space as a cavity which, viewed in the circumferential direction, is surrounded at least in regions by the annular or ring-shaped reactor vessel, so that the plug flow from the vessel inlet flows as a substantially annular flow in the direction of the vessel outlet.
  • the reactor vessel is formed like a ring or ring sections, it can be formed relatively bulky even in confined space, wherein the reactor container enclosed or surrounded central storage space can also be used for other tasks related to biogas production.
  • the reactor vessel in particular seen in plan view, has an outer annular wall and a radial outer annular wall
  • the inner annular wall also at least partially the central storage space limited on the circumference.
  • ring wall is to be understood here in a comprehensive sense and should include both annularly closed walls and only circular ring sections as walls.
  • the reactor vessel can be designed in the manner of a circular ring section which encloses the central storage space only in regions, so that the plug flow from the container inlet flows as an annular flow along the circular ring section in the direction of the container outlet.
  • a design of the reactor vessel as a circular ring section may be provided, for example, that the reactor vessel, for example, semi-circular or three-quarter circle-like design and thus does not form a closed loop.
  • Such a construction in which then preferably the container inlet and the container outlet are arranged on opposite end portions of the reactor vessel in the flow direction, can be provided, for example, if, for example, due to a specific terrain situation, not designed as a completely closed ring reactor vessel is feasible.
  • an embodiment in which the reactor is in the form of a tome or annulus as an annular container completely enclosing the central storage space and in which the container inlet region having the container inlet and the container outlet region having the container outlet in an abutment region, is substantially particularly preferred , adjoin one another.
  • a separator on the reactor side especially in the interior of the reactor, is to be provided, which separates the container inlet region and the container outlet region in the adjoining region from one another, in particular fluidically, so that the plug stream flows from the container inlet as ring stream in the direction of the separator and thus container outlet.
  • a desired ridge-in-first-out plug flow is thus ensured, also in connection with the preferred embodiment of a ring container in which the entire available ring volume is utilized as the fermentation volume and thus as the gas generation volume , which is characterized by a minimum residence time of the substrate in the reactor vessel and possibly also allows a sanitation of the substrate in the reactor vessel.
  • the separating device can basically be designed in different ways, for example by means of an air gap between the container inlet region and the container outlet region. However, an embodiment in which the separating device is formed by at least one, at least partially, preferably completely, over the interior cross-section extending partition wall is particularly preferred.
  • This at least one partition wall preferably extends at least partially, preferably completely, between the outer and the inner annular wall, with reference to the interior cross-section.
  • the term "dividing wall" is also to be understood here in a comprehensive sense and may be formed, for example, by at least one locally fixed, rigid wall, for example by a concrete wall in conjunction with a concrete container formed from concrete be formed in other ways, for example by a displaceable slide or the like, the desired separation between the container inlet area and the Be perspectiveserauslass Jardin Jardin can accomplish, just to name another example.
  • the separating device in particular a partition wall as a separating device, as from the reactor vessel at least partially, preferably completely, removable or withdrawable (for example slide as withdrawable solution) separation device is formed.
  • the separating device in particular a partition wall as a separating device, can be completely taken out or pulled out of the reactor vessel or the reactor interior, so that the reactor vessel can then also be used, for example, as a wet fermentation fermenter vessel. This significantly increases the flexibility and allows easy conversion or retrofitting of the system.
  • the radius of the inner ring wall for example, at least 5m and / or the radius of the outer ring wall is at least 10m. It is understood that the radius of the outer ring wall is always greater than that of the inner ring wall.
  • the plug-flow fermenter according to the invention is particularly suitable for large-volume fermentor structures in which the outer ring wall, for example in conjunction with a completely closed ring container, has a diameter of 40m, while the inner ring wall then, for example, a diameter of about 30m may be such that it is to ensure that sets a desired plug flow in the reactor interior.
  • the plug flow fermenter according to the invention it can be provided according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the plug flow fermenter according to the invention that in the reactor interior a plurality of arranged in plug flow flow direction spaced stirring means is arranged, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • the substrate can be locally circulated by means of these stirring means, for example, to dissolve gas bubbles from the substrate or to mix sinking heavy substances.
  • these stirring means Alternatively or additionally be promoted by the stirring means the substrate in plug flow flow direction.
  • the latter is in connection with very large-sized, large-volume reactor vessels an advantage to accomplish a functionally reliable delivery of the substrate in plug flow direction.
  • several stirring devices can also be arranged transversely side by side, that is to say in the radial direction, which is predetermined, for example, as a function of the radial distance between the inner and outer annular wall.
  • the stirring means may be formed according to a preferred embodiment, at least in part substantially the same and thus form identical parts, which is particularly advantageous in terms of maintenance and installation.
  • the stirring devices can in principle have a different distance from each other in the plug flow direction.
  • particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the stirring means are evenly spaced from each other. By such a uniform spacing can be a particularly uniform and over the Pfropfenstrom- flow direction seen controllable Substartschreib achieve.
  • the stirring means based on the lying in a horizontal plane reactor vessel, aligned approximately vertically, although of course inclined to the vertical, ie an obliquely inclined or angled, arrangement thereof is basically possible.
  • the approximately vertical orientation of the stirring devices, based on the reactor vessel lying in the horizontal plane enables a particularly simple assembly and arrangement of the stirring devices, in particular with a further particularly preferred embodiment, according to which the reactor vessel has an upper ceiling wall, seen in the vertical axis direction, which is preferably walkable and / or preferably formed at least partially planar.
  • the stirring means can be guided from outside the reactor vessel through the top wall agitator shaft with at least one Have stirring blades, wherein the stirring shaft of a arranged outside of the reactor vessel, preferably supported on the ceiling wall and / or gehalterten, actuator is driven.
  • the reactor vessel thus preferably has an easily producible, upper ceiling wall, which is preferably walkable and / or preferably at least partially planar, because here then a ceiling wall is created, which has an advantageous multiple function, in particular in connection with the assembly and maintenance of equipment components, such as the stirring devices or even of recorded or formed in the central storage space functional units, as will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the stirring shaft preferably passes through the cover gas-tight.
  • the opening may also be dimensioned so that the stirring shaft can be introduced and expelled through the latter, preferably together with the at least one stirring blade arranged on the stirring shaft, into the interior of the reactor. The opening thus serves as a service opening, through which the stirring shaft together with the stirring blades arranged there can be easily and reliably inserted from the ceiling wall into the reactor interior and also discharged therefrom.
  • the opening is annularly surrounding and immersed in the sealing position in the substrate apron.
  • This apron ensures that the stirrer shaft is arranged together with it Stirring wings gas-tight from the reactor interior and can be applied.
  • the opening is slit-like, which is advantageous, for example, in connection with stirring blades extending away from the agitator shaft on opposite sides, because here then, simply without folding on or off the agitator blades, a simple engagement. and spreading the stirring shaft together with stirring blades is possible.
  • the opening in particular a slot-like opening, as just described, extends from radially outside to radially inside (or vice versa from radially inside to radially outside).
  • At least a part of the stirring means is assigned a bottom-side gutter, in particular a sand gutter.
  • the term "assigned” here is to be interpreted in a broad sense and means that such a gutter can basically be located substantially at the bottom below the respective agitator or agitator shaft It is essential in connection with the bottom collecting gutters that, especially when an "associated" stirring device is actuated, material to be withdrawn from the interior of the reactor, in particular a material, be withdrawn therefrom Substrate-sand mixture as deducted material, accumulates.
  • gutter is also to be understood expressly in a broad sense and should also include large-scale extraction devices, such as a discharge shaft as a gutter.
  • a take-off device is provided, by means of which the accumulating in the gutter material from the at least one gutter is removable.
  • a separator may be provided, to which the material withdrawn by means of the withdrawal device is supplied and in which the withdrawn material, preferably the already mentioned substrate-sand mixture, can be separated into a substrate phase and into a waste phase, in particular a sand phase.
  • a recycling device is further provided, by means of which the substrate phase separated in the separator can be fed to the interior of the reactor as percolate, preferably seen in the vertical axis direction can be fed to the substrate from above as percolate.
  • a return device is expressly provided only as an option, that is, in principle, only one separator may be provided, so that the percolate is then supplied to the substrate in the interior of the reactor in another way, for example to achieve inoculation of the substrate.
  • separator is here to be interpreted explicitly and expressly also includes embodiments such as a settling tank.
  • the draw-off device preferably has a discharge line guided to each collecting trough, wherein the withdrawal lines open into a collecting line, preferably designed as a ring line, which is led to the separator.
  • a collecting line preferably designed as a ring line
  • the extraction device is further at least one conveying device, for example a withdrawal pump, by means of which the material to be separated can be withdrawn from the collecting channels and conveyed into the separator.
  • blocking elements for example valves
  • the return device can be designed with a return line, at least one delivery device, such as a pump, and a blocking element, such as a valve, in order to reliably control the return at specific times.
  • a plurality of, preferably in the circumferential direction, spaced-out discharge lines is provided around the reactor container, which form a take-off device and which, preferably through a lateral or outer annular wall of the reactor vessel, are guided into the bottom-side, lower region of the reactor interior and / or into the bottom-side, lower region of the central storage space, so that they are to be pulled off Material, in particular a substrate-sand mixture, from the reactor vessel or from the central storage space (if it acts, for example, as a wet fermentation fermentation tank) is removable.
  • the discharge lines lead into a collecting line, for example a ring line.
  • a collecting line for example a ring line.
  • the withdrawn material can then analogously to the previously described in connection with the gutters or the collecting ducts solution either directly from the individual exhaust ducts or indirectly via a connecting lines connecting the manifold, eg a loop, a separator or settling tank are supplied in in which the withdrawn material, preferably the previously mentioned substrate-sand mixture, is separable into a substrate phase and into a waste phase, in particular a sand phase.
  • the reactor vessel can basically have any desired cross-sectional shape. Particularly preferred, however, is an embodiment in which the walls of the reactor vessel, seen in cross-section through the reactor vessel, form a frame surrounding the interior of the reactor, preferably rectangular. Such a reactor vessel is easy to produce, for example made of concrete.
  • the plug-flow fermenter according to the invention furthermore preferably has at least one gas removal device, by means of which the biogas formed in the interior of the reactor can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel.
  • at least one gas discharge line of the gas extraction device is guided in the region of the container outlet in the reactor interior.
  • a feed device for example a feed screw, is preferably provided by means of which the substrate to be fermented can be reliably fed to the interior of the reactor via the at least one container inlet.
  • the plug-flow fermenter according to the invention can have a discharge device for a functionally reliable discharge of the fermented substrate from the reactor interior, by means of which the fermented substrate can be discharged via the container outlet.
  • a discharge device may be formed by a discharge pump as a conveyor.
  • the plug flow fermenter has a control device, by means of which the supply into and the discharge from the reactor vessel and thus the residence time of the substrate in the reactor vessel can be controlled or regulated.
  • the control or regulation is preferably carried out so that the residence time in the reactor vessel is between 25 to 50 days.
  • Such a residence time has proved to be particularly advantageous in order to achieve effective biogas production with a high biogas yield in conjunction with a plug-flow fermenter according to the invention.
  • the substrate to be fermented, preferably by dry fermentation, in the reactor vessel has a dry matter content of 12 to 40% DM, preferably 19 to 30% DM.
  • the central storage space can be supplied to an advantageous further use, for example to form a storage container.
  • This storage container can basically be formed in a single chamber with a single chamber to there, for example, a to record certain good or medium.
  • the storage container can also be of multi-chamber design in order to receive and store different substances or media etc. in the several chambers or to provide different functional units there.
  • the storage container is very generally speaking more preferably designed as open or closed by a cover storage container and / or are in the storage tank in a biogas plant processable substances and / or media and / or produced in a biogas plant as an intermediate and / or final product substances and / or media storable.
  • the storage container can form a pre-pit, preferably closed by a cover, for temporary storage of the substrate which can be fed into the reactor container, wherein a removal and supply device is provided, by means of which the substrate can be removed from the pre-pit and the reactor container via the container inlet can be fed.
  • a removal and supply device is provided, by means of which the substrate can be removed from the pre-pit and the reactor container via the container inlet can be fed.
  • the storage container can form a, preferably closed by a cover, process water storage for the reactor vessel, in which the metered into the reactor vessel process water is cached, wherein a removal and supply device is provided by means the process water from the process water storage tank can be removed and fed to the reactor vessel via the container inlet.
  • the removal and delivery device may in turn have corresponding lines, control valves and conveyors.
  • the storage container thus forms a receiving space for such substances or substances which are supplied to the reactor vessel during the fermentation process Need to become.
  • a compact design is provided, in which the arranged without the components to be provided in a confined space, which in turn brings with it the advantage of short distances, especially in connection with a cable routing etc ..
  • the storage container forms a closed by a cover gas storage for the biogas produced in the reactor vessel, wherein a gas extraction device is provided by means of which the biogas formed in the reactor interior can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel and introduced into the gas reservoir.
  • a gas extraction device has corresponding lines, control valves and conveyors.
  • the storage container is formed by a closed by a cover Notwithstandingvergärungs fermenter container in which a to be fermented by wet fermentation substrate is added.
  • a particularly advantageous combination of a dry fermentation and a wet fermentation results in the narrowest space in a compactly constructed fermenter. This significantly increases the flexibility in connection with the use of substrates and thus the production of biogas with maximum biogas yield.
  • the cover of the wet fermentation fermentor tank can be formed by any top wall, for example a concrete ceiling.
  • the cover is particularly preferably formed by a film roof, which also acts as a gas storage.
  • This wet fermentation fermenter tank preferably has at least one service device with a gas-tight closure by means of a cover, cover-side service opening, through which a at one Guide mast height adjustable guided diving equipment, especially a Tauchrhak réelle or a submersible pump, for maintenance and service work substantially gas-tight out of the fermenter fermenter tank and back into the fermenter fermentation tank into it is movable.
  • This service opening is preferably part of a cover side arranged, preferably walk-on, pedestal plate, which adjoins a container side wall of the fermentation fermenter tank, preferably in such a way that the pedestal is accessible from a seen in Hochachsencardi upper, vorzuweise flat, top wall of the reactor vessel.
  • this cover plate is then followed by the cover, in particular a foil roof as cover.
  • the container side wall of the fermentation fermenter tank can project beyond the ceiling wall in the direction of the vertical axis with a wall overhang to which the platform plate adjoins.
  • a particularly good, visible from the outside, spatial separation of the dry fermenter and wet fermenter can be achieved, at the same time this wall supernatant is outstandingly suitable to connect a film roof gas-tight in a functionally reliable manner.
  • the platform plate can also be easily reached via the top wall of the reactor vessel, for example by a staircase.
  • the pedestal plate may also preferably be supported from below by means of a support device arranged and fixed to a fermenter container interior wall region, for example a support frame.
  • the service opening gas-tight closing cover device is also preferably formed by at least one lid and / or by a service opening projecting away from the service opening (service shaft), the forms a receiving space for at least an upper portion of the guide mast.
  • a sealing element protruding into the fermenter container interior in the sealing position can be arranged around the service opening, which at least during maintenance and service work dips into the liquid substrate accommodated in the fermenter container and below the gas phase region annularly enclosed by the sealing element the openable service opening and above the substrate gas-tight from the remaining gas phase region of the fermenter container interior separates.
  • the sealing element is formed by a rigid, non-displaceable and inflexible as well as permanently protruding from the service opening in the direction of fermenter tank interior apron in the form of a pipe socket-like collar.
  • an embodiment in which the discharge device of the reactor vessel can be discharged from the reactor vessel via the substrate is also particularly preferred. It is also part of a metering device of the wet fermentation fermenter vessel, so that the substrate discharged from the reactor vessel at least partially reaches the wet fermentation vessel can be fed.
  • a particularly advantageous cycle or a particularly advantageous combination of the dry fermentation with the wet fermentation is created because the discharged from the reactor vessel substrate here serves in a dual function at the same time as a feedstock for wet fermentation in the fermenter tank fermentation.
  • a gas extraction device of the reactor vessel has at least one gas line, by means of which the biogas produced in the reactor vessel can be fed to the wet fermentation tank, in particular on the roof side.
  • the wet fermentation fermenter tank thus serves in an advantageous dual function at the same time as a gas storage for the biogas produced in the reactor vessel of the plug flow fermenter.
  • the wet fermentation fermentor tank may also have at least one discharge chute or at least one discharge chute, as has already been described above in connection with the reactor vessel. That is, in the wet fermentation fermenter tank, for example associated with the at least one submersible mixer, a bottom-side collecting channel, in particular a sand collecting channel, is provided.
  • the term "assigned" is also to be interpreted here in a broad sense.Almost essential in connection with the at least one bottom collecting gutter is that it collects material to be withdrawn from the reactor interior, in particular a substrate / sand mixture as the material to be withdrawn.
  • the term discharge chute is again to be understood explicitly in a broad sense and should also include large-scale discharge devices, for example a discharge chute as a chute
  • a trigger device is also provided in connection with this embodiment, by means of which the accumulating in the gutter material With such an embodiment, it is ensured that the material to be withdrawn from settling in the post-fermenting fermenter container is defined and accumulates in the collecting channels, from where it can be reliably removed.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective top view of an exemplary one
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic, exploded perspective view of the essential details of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a plan view of the fermenter according to FIG. 1 with the ceiling wall partly omitted
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a side view of the exemplary invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment, in which the reactor vessel is designed in the manner of a circular ring section which surrounds or encloses a central storage space or storage tank only in regions on a peripheral side.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective top view of an exemplary embodiment of a plug-flow fermenter 1 of a biogas plant not shown here is shown schematically. 2, which shows a schematic exploded view of the essential components of the plug-flow fermenter 1 of FIG. 1, and can be seen from FIG. 3, the plug-flow fermenter 1 has a reactor vessel 2 which is here is formed in the manner of a Toms or circular ring as a ring container which completely encloses a central storage space 5.
  • This reactor vessel 2 has an outer annular wall 3 and a radially to the outer annular wall 3 spaced, concentric with the outer annular wall 3 arranged, inner annular wall 4, wherein the inner annular wall 4 also limits the central storage space 5 circumferentially.
  • the outer annular wall 3 and the inner annular wall 4 are here arranged on a bottom wall 6, which forms both the bottom wall region of the reactor vessel 2 and the bottom wall region of the central storage space 5.
  • the reactor vessel 2 further has a top wall 7, preferably in the vertical direction z, which is preferably accessible and flat, so that the walls 3, 4, 6 and 7 of the reactor vessel 2 , in cross-section through the reactor vessel 2 seen, one, a reactor interior 9 form here by way of example rectangular frame surrounding.
  • the inner annular wall 4 projects beyond the ceiling wall 7 in the vertical axis direction z with a wall overhang 8.
  • the reactor vessel 2 here has a container inlet 10 in the region of the outer annular wall 3, via which a substrate to be fermented can be supplied continuously or at intervals at intervals by means of a feed device designed here as a feed screw 11. By pressing in the substrate, a feed force for the plug flow in its flow direction 18 (see FIG. 3) is preferably generated at the same time.
  • a container outlet 12 is provided on the outer annular wall 3 of the reactor vessel 2, via which the fermented substrate can be discharged from the reactor interior 9 by means of a discharge device designed, for example, as a discharge pump 13. As can also be seen from FIGS.
  • this reactor vessel 2 designed as an annular container, the container inlet region 14 having the container inlet 10 and the container outlet region 15 adjoining the container outlet 12 adjoin one another in an adjoining region 16, a partition wall being provided in the reactor interior 9 17 is provided, which fluidly separates the container inlet region 14 and the container outlet region 15 in the adjoining region 16, so that the substrate to be fermented flows starting from the container inlet 10 as ring and plug flow 18 in the direction of the partition wall 17 and thus in the direction of the container outlet 12. If necessary, this partition wall 17 can be made removable so that the reactor vessel 2 can also be converted into a wet fermenter tank.
  • the partition wall 17 extends in this case between the outer ring wall 3 and the inner ring wall 4 completely over the interior cross-section.
  • a plurality of stirrer devices 19 spaced apart in the plug flow direction 18 are further arranged, by means of which the substrate to be fermented is locally circulatable and / or by means of which the substrate can be conveyed in the plug flow direction 18.
  • the agitators 19 are preferably formed substantially the same and also preferably have a uniform distance from each other.
  • the agitators 19 are further vertically oriented with respect to the reactor vessel 2 lying in a horizontal plane, and here by way of example each have a stirring shaft 20 guided from outside the reactor vessel 2 through the top wall 7 with a plurality of agitator blades 21 spaced apart from one another in the direction of agitation wavelength, which is particularly apparent from US Pat Figure 4 can be seen.
  • the agitators 19 also each have an actuating device, for example a drive motor 22, which is arranged outside of the reactor vessel 2 and supported and supported on the top wall 7. By means of the drive motor 22, the stirring shaft 20 can be rotated.
  • actuating device for example a drive motor 22, which is arranged outside of the reactor vessel 2 and supported and supported on the top wall 7.
  • the top wall 7 in the field of Rhakwellen press is on by means of a cover 23 gas-tight sealable opening 24, wherein the agitator shaft 20, the cover 23 engages each gas-tight.
  • the openings 24 are also dimensioned so that the agitator shaft 20 through this together with the stirring blades 21 both in the reactor interior 9 can be introduced and be brought out. For this reason, the openings 24 extend here as an example slit-like over the entire width of the top wall 7, starting from the inner ring wall 4 to the outer ring wall 3rd
  • the agitators 19 is assigned a bottom collecting gutter 26, in which, in particular during actuation of the agitators 19, material to be withdrawn from the reactor interior 9, in particular a substrate-sand mixture, accumulates.
  • the collecting channels 26 are arranged here in each case at a distance between two stirring devices 19, the collecting channels 26 further extending here by way of example in the radial direction between the outer annular wall 3 and the inner annular wall 4.
  • the collecting channels 26 may be formed, for example, as trough-shaped depressions, into which a discharge line 27 opens, which in turn is part of a discharge device, by means of which the accumulating in the respective gutter 26 material from the gutter 26 can be deducted.
  • the discharge lines 27 open here by way of example in a ring line 28 as a manifold, through which the withdrawn material is fed to a separator 29 of the discharge device, in which the withdrawn material, preferably a substrate-sand mixture, in a substrate phase and in a waste phase, preferably a Sandphase, is separated.
  • discharge lines 27 then form a discharge device and are here exemplified by the outer ring wall 3 of the reactor vessel 2 through, in the bottom, lower portion of the reactor interior 9 and / or led to the bottom, lower portion of the central storage space 5, so in that a material to be withdrawn therefrom, in particular a substrate / sand mixture, can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel 2 or from the central storage space 5 and fed to the manifold 28.
  • the withdrawn material is analogously to the previously supplied to the separator 29, in which the withdrawn material, preferably a substrate-sand mixture, in a substrate phase and in a waste phase, preferably a sand phase, is separated. Possibly.
  • Manifold 28 may be provided for all exhaust ducts 27 or two manifolds 28 may be provided, ie in each case a manifold 28 for each of the different types of exhaust ducts 27th
  • the metered addition of the biomass, the discharge of the biomass, the actuation of the stirring devices, the removal of the material from the collecting channels and the recycling of the substrate into the reactor vessel 2 are in each case controlled by means of a control device, not shown.
  • a control device By means of this control device, in particular the supply into and out of the reactor vessel 2 and thus the residence time of the substrate in the reactor vessel 2 is controlled and regulated.
  • the control or regulation is carried out so that the residence time in the reactor vessel 2 is between 25 to 50 days and / or that the substrate in the reactor vessel 2 has a dry matter content of 12 to 40% TS, preferably 19 to 30% TS.
  • a gas extraction device 31 is provided, by means of which the generated biogas (methane gas) can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel 2.
  • the central storage space 5 here exemplarily forms a storage container of a wet fermenter tank 32, in which a substrate to be fermented by means of wet fermentation is received.
  • the storage container is formed here by the inner ring wall 4 together with a dome-like foil roof 33 as a cover, wherein the foil roof 33 is fixed at least partially on the edge of the wall overhang 8.
  • the wet fermentation fermentation vessel 32 here has, by way of example, two service devices 34 arranged on opposite sides of the container.
  • Each of these service facilities 34 has a walkable platform plate 36 arranged at the edge in the area of the wall overhang 8, which has a service opening which can be closed gas-tight by means of a service shaft 35, through which a submersible mixer 38 guided vertically adjustable on a guide mast 37 substantially gas-tight during maintenance and service work out of the wet fermentation harvesting tank 32 and back into the fermentation tank fermenter 32 is movable into it.
  • the pedestal plate 36 is supported here in each case by means of a support frame, not shown, on the inner annular wall 4.
  • the foil roof 33 is connected to the pedestal plate 36 in a gastight manner.
  • a gas line 39 of the gas discharge device 31 of the reactor vessel 2 can be guided into the wet fermenter tank 32 so that the biogas produced in the reactor vessel 2 is temporarily stored in the film roof 33 serving as a gas reservoir becomes.
  • a discharge device of the reactor vessel 2 having the discharge pump 13 can also simultaneously be part of a metering device of the wet fermentation tank 32, so that the substrate discharged from the reactor vessel can be used in defined amounts and at specific times a metering line 40 are fed to the fermentation fermenter tank 32.
  • FIG. 5 shows only schematically and by way of example that the reactor vessel 2 can also be designed in the manner of a circular ring section which surrounds the central storage chamber 5 only in regions, so that the plug flow from the vessel inlet 10 starts out as an annular flow 18 along the circular ring section 42 flows in the direction of the container outlet 12. It can also be seen from FIG. 5 that the container inlet 10 and the container outlet 12 are here arranged on end regions of the reactor container 2 which are opposite to one another in the direction of flow 18.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un fermenteur à écoulement à bouchons (1) d'une installation de biogaz, comprenant une cuve de réacteur (2), dans l'espace intérieur (9) de laquelle un substrat devant être fermenté, de préférence par fermentation sèche, peut être fermenté sous forme d'écoulement à bouchons avec la production de biogaz, la cuve de réacteur (2) comprenant une entrée de cuve (10), à travers laquelle le substrat devant être fermenté peut être introduit dans l'espace intérieur (9) du réacteur, et une sortie de cuve (12) espacée de l'entrée de cuve (10) dans la direction d'écoulement (18) de l'écoulement à bouchons, à travers laquelle le substrat fermenté peut être évacué de l'espace intérieur (9) du réacteur. Selon l'invention, le fermenteur (1) comprend un espace de stockage (5) central comme espace creux, qui est entouré au moins par endroits dans la direction circonférentielle par la cuve de réacteur (2) réalisée en forme annulaire ou en forme de segment annulaire, de telle sorte que l'écoulement à bouchons s'écoule en partant de l'entrée de cuve (10) sous forme d'écoulement annulaire en direction de la sortie de cuve (12).
PCT/EP2018/080108 2017-11-06 2018-11-05 Fermenteur à écoulement à bouchons pour une installation de biogaz WO2019086649A1 (fr)

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DE102017010229.5A DE102017010229A1 (de) 2017-11-06 2017-11-06 Pfropfenstrom-Fermenter einer Biogasanlage

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CN112226337A (zh) * 2020-09-01 2021-01-15 北控十方(山东)环保能源集团有限公司 一种处理餐厨和厨余垃圾的双环式厌氧反应罐
CN113175672A (zh) * 2021-05-07 2021-07-27 郑州航空工业管理学院 一种垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾发酵装置
FR3120234A1 (fr) 2021-02-26 2022-09-02 Méthamax Dispositif pour cuve ou pré-fosse de production de biogaz avec pompe multifonctions
WO2023030624A1 (fr) 2021-09-01 2023-03-09 Schmack Biogas Service Gmbh Procédé et installation de traitement de substrat biologique
WO2023098697A3 (fr) * 2021-11-30 2023-08-17 康码（上海）生物科技有限公司 Appareil de réaction de biosynthèse in vitro et procédé de biosynthèse in vitro

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DE102019109999A1 (de) * 2019-04-16 2020-10-22 Michael Niederbacher Pfropfenstrom-Fermenter für eine Biogasanlage

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CN112226337A (zh) * 2020-09-01 2021-01-15 北控十方(山东)环保能源集团有限公司 一种处理餐厨和厨余垃圾的双环式厌氧反应罐
FR3120234A1 (fr) 2021-02-26 2022-09-02 Méthamax Dispositif pour cuve ou pré-fosse de production de biogaz avec pompe multifonctions
CN113175672A (zh) * 2021-05-07 2021-07-27 郑州航空工业管理学院 一种垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾发酵装置
CN113175672B (zh) * 2021-05-07 2023-04-25 郑州航空工业管理学院 一种垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾发酵装置
WO2023030624A1 (fr) 2021-09-01 2023-03-09 Schmack Biogas Service Gmbh Procédé et installation de traitement de substrat biologique
WO2023098697A3 (fr) * 2021-11-30 2023-08-17 康码（上海）生物科技有限公司 Appareil de réaction de biosynthèse in vitro et procédé de biosynthèse in vitro

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