WO2019085735A1 - 蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备 - Google Patents

蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085735A1
WO2019085735A1 PCT/CN2018/110354 CN2018110354W WO2019085735A1 WO 2019085735 A1 WO2019085735 A1 WO 2019085735A1 CN 2018110354 W CN2018110354 W CN 2018110354W WO 2019085735 A1 WO2019085735 A1 WO 2019085735A1
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Prior art keywords
steam
chamber
sterilization
trap
water
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PCT/CN2018/110354
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English (en)
French (fr)
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卢允庄
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王一田
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Publication of WO2019085735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085735A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of steam sterilization technology, in particular to a steam pasteurization device for sterilizing by using negative pressure saturated steam.
  • Steam sterilization is a moist heat sterilization.
  • the steam has the characteristics of strong penetrating power and latent heat.
  • the presence of water molecules helps the microbial protein to coagulate or denature faster. Therefore, compared with ordinary dry heat sterilization, steam sterilization has the advantages of complete sterilization, good effect, short time and easy control.
  • Common steam sterilization includes atmospheric steam sterilization and autoclaving. Atmospheric steam sterilization is carried out in a non-closed container. The presence of a large amount of air affects the penetration of steam into the interior of the sterilized food. The method of intermittent sterilization or continuous sterilization is required to achieve the sterilization effect. Autoclaving is the use of saturated steam at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure to kill microorganisms in a closed high-pressure steam sterilizer. It is mainly used for products or foods that can withstand high temperatures.
  • the food is subjected to short-time sterilization by high-temperature and high-pressure saturated steam or superheated steam, such as the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN 1135721 A and the application number CN200510134732.0, both of which have a sterilization temperature of 130 ° C or more.
  • high-temperature and high-pressure saturated steam or superheated steam such as the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN 1135721 A and the application number CN200510134732.0, both of which have a sterilization temperature of 130 ° C or more.
  • High although the sterilization time is short, such high temperatures still cause many foods to discolor or deteriorate.
  • short-term (several seconds or tens of seconds) processing is difficult for large-scale batch food production to achieve uniform food temperature and to ensure sterilization.
  • the temperature of the wall of the sterilization chamber is low.
  • the higher temperature steam is condensed in the wall of the sterilization chamber, which wastes energy; in addition, the condensed water may promote the microorganisms still viable in the sterilization chamber. Growth, affecting the sterilization effect, and condensed water may also reduce the quality of the food if it falls into the food.
  • the steam used for food sterilization is clean and cannot be directly used for boiler steam.
  • Many steam sterilizers are not equipped with a steam generating device specially used for food sterilization, or the steam generated by the steam generating device is underheated or overheated. High cost, high cost, and unstable operation.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a steam pasteurization apparatus having high sterilization efficiency, low energy consumption, and low cost.
  • a steam pasteurization device including:
  • a steam generating device coupled to the sterilization chamber for providing a vacuum saturated steam for sterilization of the sterilization chamber
  • a vacuum trap is coupled to the sterilization chamber for evacuating the sterilization chamber prior to sterilization and for trapping steam in the sterilization chamber after sterilization.
  • the sterilization chamber comprises a casing and a heat exchange tube; the casing is provided with an inlet port and an exhaust port, and the inlet port is connected to the steam generating device through an outlet pipe, Means for conveying negative pressure saturated steam generated by the steam generating device to the sterilization chamber; the exhaust port is connected to the vacuum trap through a trapping line for the vacuum trapping The device captures steam in the sterilization chamber after sterilization; the heat exchange tube is secured to an outer surface of the housing for heating the housing.
  • said sterilization chamber further comprises a counter-radiation panel secured to the inner surface of said housing and spaced from said housing by a plurality of insulating pads.
  • the heat insulating mat has a thickness of from 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the steam generating device comprises:
  • a body having a cavity therein, a lower portion of the cavity being a liquid chamber, an upper portion of the cavity being a steam chamber; and a water supply pipe connected to the body for replenishing the liquid cavity ;
  • a heat exchanger disposed in the liquid chamber for heating liquid water to convert liquid water into steam and into the steam chamber, the inlet end and the outlet end of the heat exchanger respectively extending from the body outer.
  • a position corresponding to the liquid chamber is connected to the water inlet pipe and the water return pipe; the water inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet port of the heat exchange pipe, and the inlet pipe is provided with heat.
  • the volume of the liquid chamber occupies 1/2 to 3/4 of the volume of the cavity;
  • the water supply pipe is provided with an automatic water supply valve;
  • the automatic water supply valve is a float valve or a liquid level control switch Solenoid valve.
  • the heat exchanger is a coil heat exchanger, and an inlet end of the coil heat exchanger is connected to a steam supply line of an external boiler, and a high temperature steam regulating valve is disposed on the steam supply line;
  • the outlet end of the coil heat exchanger is connected to a water outlet pipe, and a steam trap is disposed on the outlet pipe.
  • a side view of the body is provided with a sight glass for observing the liquid level in the cavity; and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the cavity is disposed in the cavity.
  • the vacuum trapping device comprises a trap chamber, a steam trap heat exchanger and a vacuum pump; the steam trap heat exchanger is disposed in the trap chamber for cooling and cooling the trap chamber; a first suction line and a trapping line are connected to the trap chamber, and the vacuum pump is disposed on the first steam trapping line for vacuuming the sterilization chamber through the trap chamber before sterilization .
  • the vacuum trapping device comprises a trap chamber, a steam trap heat exchanger and a vacuum pump, the steam trap heat exchanger being disposed in the trap chamber for cooling the trap chamber to cool down; a first suction line and a trapping line are connected to the trap chamber, and the vacuum pump is disposed on the first steam trapping line for vacuuming the sterilization chamber through the trap chamber before sterilization ;
  • a second exhaust line is connected to the main body, and the second exhaust line is in communication with the first exhaust line for vacuuming the main body before the steam generating device is started.
  • the cooling medium in the steam trap heat exchanger is water, a refrigerant or a brine.
  • the casing, the main body and the collecting chamber are both cylindrical; the outer side of the casing and the outer side of the main body are provided with a heat insulating layer.
  • the sterilization chamber is connected to an intake air line for allowing outside air to enter the sterilization chamber after the sterilization is completed, and the intake air line is provided with an intake valve.
  • the invention is suitable for large-scale batch production, has good economy, high sterilization efficiency, and can maintain the nutrient composition and flavor of the food.
  • the invention generates negative pressure saturated steam below atmospheric pressure by the steam generating device, and utilizes the characteristics of large latent heat of saturated steam and strong penetrating ability to pasteurize the food under the condition of improving food temperature and water activity. It is especially suitable for the sterilization of porous low-water content foods that are not resistant to high temperatures.
  • the invention adopts a vacuum-steam sterilization-steam trapping sterilization process, and after the steam sterilization is finished, the steam trapping device is used to capture the steam in the sterilization chamber and the surface of the food and the condensed water in the pores are evaporated.
  • the steam without the need to open the vacuum pump to extract steam from the sterilization chamber, avoids the adverse effects of pumping a large amount of steam on the operation of the vacuum pump, and also saves energy consumption.
  • the present invention heats the sterilization chamber by using hot water having the same temperature as the saturated steam generated in the steam generating device, so that the temperature of the sterilization chamber is substantially equal to the temperature of the saturated steam entering the sterilization chamber, thereby avoiding the steam being extinguished.
  • the condensation of the wall of the chamber not only ensures a good sterilization environment, but also greatly reduces energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a steam pasteurization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 1.
  • 100-sterilization chamber 101-shell; 1011-inlet port; 1012-exhaust port; 1013-inlet air port; 102-heat exchange tube; 1021-inlet port; 1022-outlet port; 103-chamber 104-anti-radiation panel; 105-insulation mat; 106-pressure sensor; 107-inlet air line; 1071-intake valve; 108-insulation layer;
  • 200-steam generator 201- body; 2011-liquid chamber; 2012-steam chamber; 202-coil heat exchanger; 203-out steam line; 2031-steam valve; 204-hydration line; Water supply valve; 205-supply steam line; 2051 high temperature steam regulating valve; 206-water outlet pipeline; 2061-hydrophobic valve; 207-inlet water pipeline; 2071-hot water pump; 208-return water pipeline; 209-temperature sensor;
  • 300-vacuum trapping device 301-catching chamber; 302-capturing pipeline; 3021-exhaust valve; 303-steam trap heat exchanger; 304-vacuum pump; 305-first pumping pipeline; Vacuum valve; 306- second pumping line; 3061-second vacuum valve; 307-inlet line; 3071-cooling pump; 308-return line; 309-drain line;
  • the embodiment of the invention discloses a steam pasteurization device, which is mainly used for sterilizing products that are not resistant to high temperature, such as food, as shown in FIG. 1 , steam pasteurization equipment.
  • the sterilization chamber 100, the steam generating device 200 and the vacuum trapping device 300 are included; the sterilization chamber 100 is used for placing a product to be sterilized; the steam generating device 200 is connected to the sterilization chamber 100 for providing the sterilization chamber 100 Vacuum-saturated steam for sterilization; vacuum trap 300 is coupled to sterilization chamber 100 for evacuating sterilization chamber 100 prior to sterilization and for trapping vapor within sterilization chamber 100 after sterilization .
  • the steam generating device 200 needs to be connected to the vacuum pump 304 to vacuum the inside of the steam generating device to generate negative pressure saturated steam, and the vacuum generating device 200 may be additionally provided with a vacuum pump 304 or a vacuum trapping device.
  • the vacuum pump 304 of 300 which is shown in the present embodiment, shares the vacuum pump 304 with the vacuum trap 300, and the specific connection structure will be described in detail below.
  • the steam pasteurization apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention sterilizes the product in the sterilization chamber 100 by means of the steam generating device 200 and the vacuum trapping device 300, and the negative pressure saturated steam provided by the steam generating device 200 has It has the characteristics of large latent heat and strong penetrating ability, and pasteurizes food under the condition of improving food temperature and water activity, especially suitable for sterilization of porous low-water content foods which are not resistant to high temperature; vacuum trapping device The 300 traps the steam in the sterilization chamber 100 after the sterilization is completed without the aid of the vacuum pump 304, thereby preventing the extracted steam from adversely affecting the operation of the vacuum pump 304 while also saving energy consumption.
  • the sterilization chamber 100 shown in this embodiment includes a housing 101 in which a chamber 103 for accommodating a product to be sterilized is formed.
  • the shape of the housing 101 can be selected according to actual needs, such as a shell.
  • the body 101 has a cylindrical shape, and the cylindrical cross section may be square or elliptical, etc., and the embodiment is preferably cylindrical.
  • the casing 101 is provided with an inlet port 1011 and an exhaust port 1012 (it is to be noted that the so-called port may be only a port that communicates inside and outside; or a pipe, port and pipe may be connected to the port.
  • the steam inlet port 1011 is connected to the steam outlet port of the steam generating device 200 through the steam outlet pipe 203 for conveying the negative pressure saturated steam generated in the main body 201 to the sterilization chamber 100
  • the steam exhaust port 1012 is connected to the vacuum trap 300 through a trap line 302 for trapping the vacuum trap 300 in the sterilization chamber 100 after sterilization.
  • the sterilization chamber 100 of the embodiment further includes a heat exchange tube 102, and the heat exchange tube 102 is fixed on the outer surface of the housing 101, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the heat exchange tubes 102 in the present embodiment are uniformly and orderly distributed on the casing 101, and are fixed to the casing 101 by welding.
  • the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange tube 102 can be selected as needed.
  • the hot water in the steam generating device 200 is used as the heat exchange medium, and the specific structure will be described in detail below.
  • the sterilization chamber 100 of the present embodiment further includes a counter-radiation panel 104 fixed to the inner surface of the housing 101 and passing through a plurality of thermal insulation pads 105 and a shell.
  • the spacing of the body 101, the arrangement of the anti-radiation panel 104 effectively reduces the radiant heat exchange and convective heat transfer between the housing 101 and the product, reduces the influence of the housing 101 on the product temperature, and also contributes to energy saving.
  • the retroreflective sheeting 104 can be secured to the housing 101 in a variety of ways.
  • the retroreflective sheeting 104 is secured to the housing 101 by a combination of bolts and nuts.
  • the arrangement of the insulation pad 105 helps to separate the anti-radiation plate 104 from the casing 101, prevents the anti-radiation plate 104 from directly contacting the casing 101, and causes heat conduction.
  • the shape and size of the insulation pad 105 and the adjacent insulation pads 105 are The distance between the two is not limited, as long as the anti-radiation panel 104 and the housing 101 are supported and the anti-radiation panel 104 is supported.
  • the thermal insulation pad 105 in this embodiment has a block shape and a thickness of 3 mm to 10 mm, for example, thickness.
  • the thickness of the heat insulating mat 105 of the present embodiment is preferably 5 mm, which is 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or 10 mm or the like.
  • the casing 101 of the sterilization chamber 100 further has an inlet air port 1013, and an inlet air passage 107 is connected to the inlet air port 1013, and an intake valve 1071 is connected to the inlet air line 107 for After the sterilization is completed, air is introduced into the chamber 103 of the casing 101, and the pressure in the sterilization chamber 100 is raised to ambient atmospheric pressure to take out the sterilized product.
  • a pressure sensor 106 is also provided on the housing 101.
  • a steam generating device 200 of a steam pasteurization apparatus includes a main body 201 and a heat exchanger 202.
  • the main body 201 has a cavity therein, and a portion of the lower portion of the cavity that accommodates the liquid is defined as In the liquid chamber 2011, a portion of the upper portion of the chamber containing steam is defined as a steam chamber 2012, and the liquid chamber 2011 and the steam chamber 2012 are completely integrated; the main body 201 has a connection with the steam inlet port 1011 of the sterilization chamber 100.
  • the steam outlet port there is a water supply port, and a water supply line 204 is connected to the water supply port.
  • the water supply line 204 is provided with an automatic water supply valve 2041, and the water supply line 204 is used to replenish the liquid chamber 2011 with liquid water.
  • the volume of the body 201 is ensured to have sufficient water to continuously generate steam and avoid dry burning.
  • the automatic water supply valve 2041 in this embodiment is a float valve or a solenoid valve with a liquid level control switch.
  • An outlet pipe 203 is connected to the outlet port, and a steam valve 2031 is disposed on the outlet pipe 203 to adjust the amount of steam supplied to the sterilization chamber 100.
  • the steam outlet port shown in this embodiment is located at the top of the main body 201, and may of course deviate from the top, but at least corresponds to the steam chamber 2012 and communicates with the steam chamber 2012.
  • the heat exchanger 202 is disposed in the liquid chamber 2011 and immersed in the liquid water for heating the liquid water to convert the liquid water into steam and into the steam chamber 2012, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the heat exchanger 202 respectively extend
  • the main body 201 is connected to a device for providing a heat exchange medium externally.
  • the heat exchange medium may be steam or hot water, and the steam may utilize industrial waste heat or waste heat.
  • steam provided by an external boiler is used as a heat exchange medium, of course, Not limited to this, it is also possible to select heat exchange media from other sources depending on the actual situation and needs.
  • the heat exchanger in the embodiment of the present invention is a coil heat exchanger 202.
  • the inlet end of the coil heat exchanger 202 is connected to the steam supply line 205 of the external boiler, and the steam line 205 is provided.
  • a high temperature steam regulating valve 2051 is disposed thereon to control the conduction and the cutoff of the steam supply line 205, and the opening degree of the high temperature steam valve 2031 can also be adjusted according to the temperature of the steam in the main body to adjust the steam supply amount, thereby making the steam
  • the generating device 200 is stable in operation, and the supplied steam is not underheated or overheated; the outlet end of the coiled heat exchanger 202 is connected to the water outlet pipe 206, and the water outlet pipe 206 is provided with a steam trap 2061 for coil heat exchange.
  • the water formed by condensation in the vessel 202 is discharged, so that the cyclic heat exchange is continuously performed.
  • the heat exchange tube 102 of the sterilization chamber 100 of the present embodiment utilizes the heated liquid water in the main body 201 of the steam generating device 200 as a heat exchange medium.
  • the water inlet pipe 207 and the water return pipe 208 are respectively connected to the position corresponding to the liquid chamber 2011 on the main body 201.
  • the water inlet and exhaust pipes are 208, that is, the water inlet pipe 207 is located back. Below the water line 208.
  • the water inlet pipe 207 is connected to the water inlet port 1021 of the heat exchange pipe 102, and the water inlet pipe 207 is provided with a hot water pump 2071, so that the hot water forms a circulating flow through the hot water pump 2071, and also causes the liquid water (ie, heat) in the main body 201.
  • the water temperature of the water is more uniform, and, due to the circulating flow of the hot water, the flow of water immersed in the surface of the heat exchanger in the hot water is enhanced, which is more favorable for heat exchange.
  • the water return pipe 208 is connected to the water outlet port 1022 of the heat exchange pipe 102 for returning the hot water after the heat exchange to the main body 201 to perform the heat exchange cycle, thereby realizing the use of the liquid heated in the steam generating device 200.
  • the water continues to heat the housing 101.
  • the hot water flows as a heat exchange medium through the heat exchange tube 102 outside the casing 101 of the sterilization chamber 100, and heats the casing 101.
  • the temperature of the heated casing 101 is slightly lower than the temperature of the hot water; the saturated steam flows through the inlet pipe and the steam valve provided on the inlet pipe before entering the chamber 103 of the casing 101 of the sterilization chamber 100. 2031, such that the pressure and temperature thereof are slightly decreased, so that the temperature of the steam in the chamber 103 is substantially equal to the temperature of the casing 101, and the condensation of steam on the inner wall surface of the casing 101 is avoided, thereby ensuring a good sterilization environment. It also significantly reduces energy consumption.
  • the shape and structure of the main body 201 of the steam generating device 200 can be selected according to actual needs, and the main body 201 in this embodiment has a cylindrical shape.
  • the amount of liquid in the main body 201 must ensure that the heat exchanger is submerged therein, but the specific amount can be selected according to requirements, for example, the volume of the liquid chamber 2011 occupies 1/2 to 3/4 of the volume of the cavity, and the liquid is preferably liquid in this embodiment.
  • the volume of the cavity 2011 accounts for 2/3 of the volume of the cavity.
  • the side surface of the main body 201 is mounted with a sight glass (not shown) for observing the liquid level in the cavity.
  • the mirror preferably corresponds to the liquid level in the main body 201.
  • the position is convenient for observation, but it is also feasible if the mirror is slightly deviated from the liquid level without affecting the condition of the observation body 201.
  • the sight glass can be disposed on the main body 201 in various ways.
  • the sight glass of the embodiment has a flange seat (not shown) which is welded to the side surface of the main body 201 through a flange seat.
  • a temperature sensor 209 is disposed in the cavity, and according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 209, the high temperature steam regulating valve 2051 on the steam supply line 205 can be adjusted to adjust the boiler.
  • the supply of steam causes the steam generating device 200 to generate a vacuum saturated steam of a desired temperature.
  • the bottom of the main body 201 is further provided with a drain pipe (not shown), and a drain valve is arranged on the drain pipe for non-working conditions during the shutdown period, during maintenance, or other need to discharge the main body.
  • a drain pipe (not shown)
  • An exhaust pipe (not shown) may be disposed on the main body 201, and a check valve is disposed on the exhaust pipe to allow only the steam in the main body 201 to be discharged without allowing other external gases to flow into the main body 201.
  • the steam generating device 200 in the embodiment of the present invention can stably, continuously, efficiently, and safely supply negative pressure saturated steam, and the negative pressure saturated steam having the above advantages enters the sterilization chamber 100 to complete pasteurization of the product.
  • the steam generating device 200 in this embodiment has the advantages of low working pressure, simple manufacturing process, and convenient installation and maintenance.
  • the vacuum trap device 300 in the embodiment of the present invention includes a trap chamber 301, a steam trap heat exchanger 303, and a vacuum pump 304; the steam trap heat exchanger 303 is disposed in the trap chamber 301; the trap chamber 301 A first suction line 305 and a trap line 302 are connected to the upper; the trap line 302 is connected to the exhaust port 1012 of the sterilization chamber 100 for trapping the steam in the sterilization chamber 100 after the sterilization is completed.
  • a trap valve 3021 is disposed on the trap line 302; a vacuum pump 304 is disposed on the first trap line for evacuating the sterilization chamber 100 through the trap chamber 301 prior to sterilization.
  • a first vacuum valve 3051 is disposed on the first steam trapping conduit for controlling the conduction or the cutoff of the first steam trapping conduit.
  • the vacuum trap 300 and the steam generating device 200 share the vacuum pump 304, that is, the vacuum pump 304 is used both to evacuate the sterilization chamber 100 before sterilization, and to be used before the steam generating device 200 adds water.
  • the steam generating device 200 is evacuated.
  • the main body 201 is connected to a second air suction line 306, and the second air suction line 306 is in communication with the first air suction line 305, so that the vacuum pump 304 can evacuate the inside of the main body 201 of the steam generating device 200.
  • the second pumping line 306 of the present embodiment is connected to the steam outlet line 203, that is, the second pumping line 306 and the steam outlet line 203 are combined into one main pipe. It is then connected to the steam outlet port on the main body 201.
  • a second vacuum valve 3061 is disposed on the second air suction line 306 to control the conduction and the cutoff of the second air suction line 306.
  • the two ends of the steam trap heat exchanger 303 respectively extend out of the trap chamber 301, one end of which is connected to the liquid inlet line 307 for introducing a cooling medium into the steam trap heat exchanger 303, and the other end is
  • the liquid return line 308 is connected for discharging the heat transfer medium, and the cooling medium may be water, a refrigerant or a brine.
  • a cooling pump 3071 is provided on the inlet line 307.
  • a drain line 309 is connected to a lower portion of the collection chamber 301.
  • the drain line 309 is provided with a drain valve 3091 for discharging the condensed water condensed in the trap chamber 301 out of the trap chamber 301.
  • the casing 101, the main body 201 and the collecting chamber 301 shown in the embodiment of the present invention are both cylindrical.
  • an insulating layer (not shown) may be disposed outside the main body 201 of the embodiment.
  • the outer side of the casing 101 of the sterilization chamber 100 is provided with an insulating layer 108.
  • the vacuum pump 304 and the second vacuum valve 3061 are opened, the inside of the main body 201 is vacuumed, the second vacuum valve 3061 is closed, and then the automatic water filling valve 2041 is opened to the main body 201.
  • the volume of water added is preferably 2/3 of the total volume of the body 201 cavity;
  • the high pressure steam regulating valve 2051 of the steam generating device 200 is turned on, and the high temperature and high pressure steam from the boiler enters the coil heat exchanger 202, and the temperature of the water in the main body 201 rises, and the control program controls the opening degree of the high pressure steam regulating valve to make the temperature
  • the temperature measured by sensor 209 is equal to the temperature required for sterilization;
  • the hot water pump 2071 is activated, and the hot water in the main body 201 enters the heat exchange tube 102 to heat the casing 101 of the sterilization chamber 100, so that the temperature of the casing 101 rises to near the sterilization temperature.
  • the product to be sterilized is sent to the sterilization chamber 100, the vacuum pump 304, the first vacuum valve 3051 and the exhaust valve 3021 are opened, and the chamber of the sterilization chamber 100 is evacuated, and when the pressure in the sterilization chamber 100 drops to the required vacuum After the pressure (e.g., 1000 Pa), the vacuum pump 304, the first vacuum valve 3051, and the exhaust valve 3021 are closed.
  • the pressure e.g. 1000 Pa
  • the steam valve 2031 is opened, and the steam in the steam chamber 2012 is introduced into the sterilization chamber 100.
  • the steam contacts the surface of the product and penetrates into the product interior, and some of the steam condenses on the surface of the product and the void thereof, and the pathogenic bacteria are at a higher temperature and
  • the water activity is inactivated; when the steaming time reaches the required sterilization time (for example, 20 minutes), the steam valve 2031 is closed, and the pathogen inactivation process ends.
  • the cooling pump 3071 of the vacuum trapping device 300 is activated, and a cooling medium is introduced into the steam trap heat exchanger 303 to cool the steam trap heat exchanger 303; the steam exhaust valve 3021 is opened, and the steam in the chamber 103 enters the trap chamber 301.
  • the intake valve 1071 is opened, and after the pressure in the chamber 103 is raised to the ambient atmospheric pressure, the sterilized product is taken out, and the drain valve 3091 on the drain line 309 of the vacuum trap device 300 is opened to be discharged into the trap chamber 301. Condensate. Finally, the intake valve 1071 and the drain valve 3091 are closed.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其包括：灭菌室，其用于放置需要灭菌的产品；蒸汽发生装置，其与所述灭菌室连接，用于为所述灭菌室提供灭菌用的负压饱和蒸汽；以及真空捕集装置，其与所述灭菌室连接，用于在灭菌之前对所述灭菌室抽真空，并用于在灭菌后捕集所述灭菌室内的蒸汽。

Description

蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备 技术领域
本发明涉及蒸汽灭菌技术领域，尤其涉及一种利用负压饱和蒸汽进行灭菌的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备。
背景技术
蒸汽灭菌属于湿热灭菌，蒸汽具有穿透力强、潜热大的特点，同时水分子的存在有助于微生物的蛋白质较快凝固或变性。因此，与普通的干热灭菌相比，蒸汽灭菌具有灭菌完全、效果好、时间短和易于控制等优点。
常见的蒸汽灭菌包括常压蒸汽灭菌和高压蒸汽灭菌。常压蒸汽灭菌在非密闭的容器中进行，因大量空气的存在影响了蒸汽向灭菌食品内部的穿透作用，需要采取间歇灭菌或持续灭菌的方法，才能达到灭菌效果。高压蒸汽灭菌是在密闭的高压蒸汽灭菌器内，利用压力大于常压的饱和水蒸汽来杀死微生物，其主要用于能耐高温的产品或食品。
现有蒸汽灭菌装置存在的问题有：
1.采用高温高压的饱和蒸汽或过热蒸汽对食品进行短时间灭菌，如公开号为CN 1135721 A和申请号为CN200510134732.0的中国专利申请，两者的灭菌温度均高达130℃或更高，虽然灭菌时间较短，但这么高的温度仍然会使许多食品变色变味或变质。另外，短时间(数秒或数十秒)的处理方式对大规模批次式的食品生产来说很难使食品的温度达到均匀并保证灭菌效果。
2.灭菌室壁面的温度较低，当向灭菌室通入蒸汽时，较高温度的蒸汽在灭菌室壁面大量凝结，浪费能源；另外，凝结水可能促使灭菌室内仍然存活的微生物生长，影响灭菌效果，而凝结水如果滴落到食品中还可能降低食品品质。
3.在灭菌过程中，蒸汽会在食品表面及孔隙内凝结成凝结水，蒸汽灭菌结束后为去除该凝结水，需要对灭菌室再次抽真空以使这部分凝结水蒸发。使用普通的油封式机械真空泵抽除大量蒸汽时易造成润滑油的乳化，并可能损坏真空泵；而采用水封式真空泵(例如申请号为CN200910009527.X的中国 专利申请)或喷射式抽空装置(例如申请号为CN201410346922.8的中国专利申请)等抽真空装置则存在极限真空低、噪音大、工作效率低及耗能大等一系列问题。
4.食品灭菌用的蒸汽要求洁净，不能直接用锅炉蒸汽，许多蒸汽灭菌器没有配置专门用于食品灭菌的蒸汽发生装置，或者是蒸汽发生装置存在产生的蒸汽欠加热或过热、能耗大、成本高和运行不稳定等问题。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明实施例提供一种灭菌效率高、能耗低且成本低的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例采用了如下技术方案：蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，包括：
灭菌室，其用于放置需要灭菌的产品；
蒸汽发生装置，其与所述灭菌室连接，用于为所述灭菌室提供灭菌用的负压饱和蒸汽；以及
真空捕集装置，其与所述灭菌室连接，用于在灭菌之前对所述灭菌室抽真空，并用于在灭菌后捕集所述灭菌室内的蒸汽。
作为优选，所述灭菌室包括壳体和换热管；所述壳体上开设有进汽端口和排汽端口，所述进汽端口与所述蒸汽发生装置通过出汽管路连接，以用于将所述蒸汽发生装置产生的负压饱和蒸汽输送至所述灭菌室；所述排汽端口与所述真空捕集装置通过捕集管路连接，以用于使所述真空捕集装置在灭菌后捕集所述灭菌室内的蒸汽；所述换热管固定于所述壳体的外表面上，用于为所述壳体加热。
作为优选，所述灭菌室还包括反辐射板，所述反辐射板固定于所述壳体的内表面上并通过多个隔热垫与所述壳体间隔。
作为优选，所述隔热垫的厚度为3mm～10mm。
作为优选，所述蒸汽发生装置包括：
主体，其内具有容腔，所述容腔的下部为液体腔，所述容腔的上部为蒸汽腔；所述主体上还连接有补水管路，以用于为所述液体腔补充液体水；和
换热器，其设置于所述液体腔内用于为液体水加热，以使液态水转化为蒸汽并进入所述蒸汽腔，所述换热器的进口端和出口端分别伸出所述主体外。
作为优选，所述主体上对应所述液体腔的位置还连接有进水管路和回水管路；所述进水管路与所述换热管的进水端口连接，所述进水管路上设置有热水泵；所述回水管路与所述换热管的出水端口连接。
作为优选，所述液体腔的容积占所述容腔的容积的1/2～3/4；所述补水管路上设置有自动补水阀；所述自动补水阀为浮球阀或带液位控制开关的电磁阀。
作为优选，所述换热器为盘管式换热器，所述盘管式换热器的进口端与外部锅炉的供蒸汽管路连接，所述供蒸汽管路上设置有高温蒸汽调节阀；所述盘管式换热器的出口端连接出水管路，所述出水管路上设置有疏水阀。
作为优选，所述主体的侧面安装有用于观察所述容腔内液位的视镜；所述容腔内设有用于测量容腔内温度的温度传感器。
作为优选，所述真空捕集装置包括捕集室、捕汽换热器和真空泵；所述捕汽换热器设置于所述捕集室内，用于使所述捕集室冷却降温；所述捕集室上连接有第一抽气管路和捕集管路，所述真空泵设置在所述第一捕汽管路上用于在灭菌之前通过所述捕集室对所述灭菌室抽真空。
作为优选，所述真空捕集装置包括捕集室、捕汽换热器和真空泵，所述捕汽换热器设置于所述捕集室内，用于使所述捕集室冷却降温；所述捕集室上连接有第一抽气管路和捕集管路，所述真空泵设置在所述第一捕汽管路上用于在灭菌之前通过所述捕集室对所述灭菌室抽真空；
所述主体上连接有第二抽气管路，所述第二抽气管路与所述第一抽气管路连通，以用于在所述蒸汽发生装置启动前对所述主体内抽真空。
作为优选，所述捕汽换热器内的冷却介质为水、制冷剂或载冷剂。
作为优选，所述壳体、所述主体和所述捕集室均为筒状；所述壳体的外侧和所述主体的外侧均设置有保温层。
作为优选，所述灭菌室上连接有用于在灭菌完成后使外界空气进入所述灭菌室的进空气管路，所述进空气管路上设置有进气阀。
本发明实施例的有益效果是：
1、本发明适用于规模化批次生产、经济性好、灭菌效率高而又能保持食品中营养物质成份和风味不变。
2、本发明通过蒸汽发生装置产生低于大气压力的负压饱和蒸汽，利用饱和蒸汽潜热大、穿透能力强的特点，在提高食品温度和水活度的情况下对食品进行巴氏灭菌，特别适用于不耐高温的多孔隙低含水量食品的灭菌。
3、本发明采用真空-蒸汽灭菌-蒸汽捕集的灭菌过程，在蒸汽灭菌结束后，通过蒸汽捕集装置来捕集灭菌室内的蒸汽和食品表面及孔隙内凝结水蒸发而产生的蒸汽，而无需采用开启真空泵对灭菌室抽真空的方式抽取蒸汽，既避免了抽除大量蒸汽对真空泵运行的不利影响，也节省了能源消耗。
4、本发明利用蒸汽发生装置内与其产生的饱和蒸汽温度相同的热水对灭菌室加热，从而使灭菌室的温度与进入灭菌室的饱和蒸汽的温度基本相等，避免了蒸汽在灭菌室壁面的凝结，既保证了良好的灭菌环境，又大幅度降低了能源消耗。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备的结构示意图。
图2为图1中A部分的放大图。
图中标号说明：
100-灭菌室；101-壳体；1011-进汽端口；1012-排汽端口；1013-进空气端口；102-换热管；1021-进水端口；1022-出水端口；103-腔室；104-反辐射板；105-隔热垫；106-压力传感器；107-进空气管路；1071-进气阀；108-保温层；
200-蒸汽发生装置；201-主体；2011-液体腔；2012-蒸汽腔；202-盘管式换热器；203-出汽管路；2031-蒸汽阀；204-补水管路；2041-自动补水阀；205-供蒸汽管路；2051-高温蒸汽调节阀；206-出水管路；2061-疏水阀；207-进水管路；2071-热水泵；208-回水管路；209-温度传感器；
300-真空捕集装置；301-捕集室；302-捕集管路；3021-排汽阀；303-捕汽换热器；304-真空泵；305-第一抽气管路；3051-第一抽真空阀；306- 第二抽气管路；3061-第二抽真空阀；307-进液管路；3071-冷却泵；308-回液管路；309-排水管路；3091-排水阀。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
如图1所示，本发明实施例公开了一种蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其主要用于对不耐高温的产品的灭菌，例如食品，如图1所示，蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备包括灭菌室100、蒸汽发生装置200和真空捕集装置300；灭菌室100内用于放置需要灭菌的产品；蒸汽发生装置200与灭菌室100连接，用于为灭菌室100提供灭菌用的负压饱和蒸汽；真空捕集装置300与灭菌室100连接，用于在灭菌之前对灭菌室100抽真空，并用于在灭菌后捕集灭菌室100内的蒸汽。其中，蒸汽发生装置200需要连接真空泵304，以在其加水启动工作之前对其内抽真空，以能够产生负压饱和蒸汽，可以为蒸汽发生装置200另设真空泵304，也可以利用真空捕集装置300的真空泵304，本实施例示出的是与真空捕集装置300共用真空泵304，具体连接结构将在下文详细介绍。
本发明实施例的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备利用蒸汽发生装置200和真空捕集装置300相配合的方式对灭菌室100内的产品进行灭菌，蒸汽发生装置200提供的负压饱和蒸汽，具有潜热大、穿透能力强的特点，在提高食品温度和水活度的情况下对食品进行巴氏灭菌，特别适用于不耐高温的多孔隙低含水量食品的灭菌；真空捕集装置300在灭菌结束后捕集灭菌室100内的蒸汽，而无需借助真空泵304，从而避免了抽除的蒸汽对真空泵304的运行造成不利影响，同时也节省了能源的消耗。
继续结合图1，本实施例示出的灭菌室100包括壳体101，壳体101内形成用于容置待灭菌产品的腔室103，壳体101的形状可以根据实际需要选择，例如壳体101为筒形，筒形的截面可以为方形或椭圆形等，本实施例优选为筒形。壳体101上设有进汽端口1011和排汽端口1012(需要说明的是，所谓的端口，即可以仅仅是一个连通内外的口；也可以是在口上连接有一节 管路，口和管路共同形成端口)，进汽端口1011与蒸汽发生装置200的出汽端口通过出汽管路203连接，以用于将主体201内产生的负压饱和蒸汽输送至灭菌室100，排汽端口1012与真空捕集装置300通过捕集管路302连接，以用于使真空捕集装置300在灭菌后捕集灭菌室100内的蒸汽。进一步的，为了给壳体101加热，以使在灭菌过程中壳体101的温度与腔室103内的温度基本一致，避免蒸汽在壳体101的内壁面上的凝结，保证良好的灭菌环境，并大幅降低能源消耗，本实施例的灭菌室100还包括换热管102，换热管102固定于壳体101的外表面上，具体参见图1和图2。为了对壳体101均匀加热，本实施中的换热管102均匀有序的分布在壳体101上，并通过焊接的方式与壳体101固定。换热管102内的换热介质可以根据需要选择，本实施例是利用蒸汽发生装置200内的热水作为换热介质，具体结构将在下文详细介绍。
如图1所示，并结合图2，本实施例的灭菌室100进一步还包括反辐射板104，反辐射板104固定于壳体101的内表面上并通过多个隔热垫105与壳体101间隔，反辐射板104的设置有效地减少了壳体101与产品之间的辐射换热和对流换热，降低了壳体101对产品温度的影响，同时也有利于节能。另外，在灭菌结束后，对产品降温时，防止壳体101与其内部空间的换热，影响产品降温。反辐射板104可以通过多种方式与壳体101固定，本实施是通过螺栓和螺母结合的方式将反辐射板104固定在壳体101上。隔热垫105的设置有助于分隔反辐射板104与壳体101，防止反辐射板104与壳体101直接接触发生热传导，隔热垫105的形状和大小尺寸以及相邻隔热垫105之间的距离均不限，只要能实现间隔反辐射板104与壳体101并支撑反辐射板104即可，本实施例中的隔热垫105为块状，其厚度为3mm～10mm，例如厚度为3mm、4mm、5mm或10mm等等，本实施例的隔热垫105的厚度的优选为5mm。
如图1所示，灭菌室100的壳体101上还具有进空气端口1013，进空气端口1013上连接有进空气管路107，进空气管路107上连接有进气阀1071，用于在灭菌结束后，向壳体101的腔室103内通入空气，使灭菌室100内的压力回升至环境大气压，以便取出灭菌好的产品。为了监测壳体101的腔室103内的压力，壳体101上还设有压力传感器106。
继续结合图1，本发明实施例的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备的蒸汽发生装置200包括：主体201和换热器202，主体201内具有容腔，将容腔的下部容置液体的部分定义为液体腔2011，容腔的上部容置蒸汽的部分定义为蒸汽腔2012，液体腔2011和蒸汽腔2012是完全贯通的一个整体；主体201上除了具有与灭菌室100的进汽端口1011相连接的出汽端口外，还具有补水端口，补水端口上连接有补水管路204，补水管路204上设置有自动补水阀2041，通过补水管路204用于为液体腔2011内补充液体水，使主体201的容腔内保证有足够的水量，以能够连续不断的产生蒸汽并避免干烧现象的发生。本实施例中的自动补水阀2041为浮球阀或带液位控制开关的电磁阀。出汽端口上连接有出汽管路203，出汽管路203上设置有蒸汽阀2031，以调节供给灭菌室100的蒸汽量。本实施例示出的出汽端口位于主体201的顶部，当然也可以偏离顶部，但至少要对应蒸汽腔2012并与蒸汽腔2012连通。换热器202设置于液体腔2011内并浸没在液体水内，用于为液体水加热，以使液态水转化为蒸汽并进入蒸汽腔2012，换热器202的进口端和出口端分别伸出主体201外，以与外部提供换热介质的设备连接，换热介质可以采用蒸汽或热水，蒸汽可以利用工业余热或废热，本实施例是利用外部锅炉提供的蒸汽作为换热介质，当然并不仅限于此，也可以根据实际情况和需要，选用其他来源的换热介质。
如图1所示，本发明实施例中的换热器为盘管式换热器202，盘管式换热器202的进口端与外部锅炉的供蒸汽管路205连接，供蒸汽管路205上设置有高温蒸汽调节阀2051，以控制供蒸汽管路205的导通与截止，同时也可以根据主体内蒸汽的温度调节高温蒸汽阀2031的开度，以调节蒸汽的供应量，从而使蒸汽发生装置200运行稳定，提供的蒸汽不会欠加热或过热；盘管式换热器202的出口端连接出水管路206，出水管路206上设置有疏水阀2061，以将盘管式换热器202内凝结形成的水排出，使循环换热连续进行。
为了节省零部件的数量，以减小整套设备的体积，并降低成本，本实施例的灭菌室100的换热管102利用蒸汽发生装置200的主体201内被加热的液体水作为换热介质。具体的，如图1所示，主体201上对应液体腔2011的位置还分别连接有进水管路207和回水管路208，本实施例为下进上出式， 即，进水管路207位于回水管路208的下方。进水管路207与换热管102的进水端口1021连接，进水管路207上设置有热水泵2071，使热水通过热水泵2071形成循环流动，同时也使得主体201内的液体水(即热水)的水温更均匀，而且，由于热水的循环流动，使得浸没在热水中的换热器表面的水的流动增强，更有利于热交换。回水管路208与换热管102的出水端口1022连接，用于使换热后的热水回流至主体201内，以使换热循环进行，从而实现了利用蒸汽发生装置200内被加热的液体水对壳体101的持续加热。
由于蒸汽发生装置200内产生的饱和蒸汽的温度与其内热水的温度基本相等，热水作为换热介质流经灭菌室100的壳体101外的换热管102，对壳体101进行加热，被加热后的壳体101的温度略低于热水的温度；饱和蒸汽在进入灭菌室100的壳体101的腔室103之前流经进汽管道和设于进汽管道上的蒸汽阀2031，使得其压力和温度略有下降，从而使腔室103内的蒸汽温度与壳体101的温度基本相等，避免了蒸汽在壳体101内壁面的凝结，既保证了良好的灭菌环境，又大幅降低了能源的消耗。
蒸汽发生装置200的主体201的形状结构可以根据实际需要选择，本实施例中的主体201为筒状。另外，主体201内的液体量必须保证换热器浸没其中，但具体量可以根据需要选择，例如，液体腔2011的容积占容腔的容积的1/2～3/4，本实施例优选液体腔2011的容积占容腔的容积的2/3。
继续结合图1，为了方便操作人员监控，主体201的侧面安装有用于观察容腔内液位的视镜(图中未示出)，作为优选方案，视镜最好对应主体201内液位的位置，以方便观察，但在不影响观察主体201内情况的前提下视镜如果稍偏离液位也是可行的。视镜可通过多种方式设置于主体201上，本实施例的视镜具有法兰座(图中未示出)，视镜通过法兰座焊接在主体201的侧面上。为了方便监测主体201内热水和饱和蒸汽的温度，容腔内设有温度传感器209，根据温度传感器209测得的温度，可以调节供蒸汽管路205上的高温蒸汽调节阀2051，以调节锅炉蒸汽的供应量，使蒸汽发生装置200产生出温度符合要求的负压饱和蒸汽。
如图1所示，主体201的底部还设置有排水管路(图中未示出)，排水管路上设置有排水阀，用于在停产期间、检修期间等非工作状态下或其他需 要排出主体201内液体水的情况下排出主体201内的液体水。主体201上还可以设置排汽管路(图中未示出)，排汽管路上设置单向阀，以仅允许将主体201内的蒸汽排出，而不允许其他外界的气体向主体201内流动。
本发明实施例中的蒸汽发生装置200可以稳定、连续、高效、安全地提供负压饱和蒸汽，该具有上述优点的负压饱和蒸汽进入灭菌室100以完成对产品的巴氏灭菌。本实施例中的蒸汽发生装置200同时具有工作压力低、制造工艺简单、安装维护方便的优点。
继续结合图1，本发明实施例中的真空捕集装置300包括捕集室301、捕汽换热器303和真空泵304；捕汽换热器303设置于捕集室301内；捕集室301上连接有第一抽气管路305和捕集管路302；捕集管路302与灭菌室100的排汽端口1012连接，用于在灭菌结束后捕集灭菌室100内的蒸汽，捕集管路302上设置有排汽阀3021；真空泵304设置在第一捕汽管路上，用于在灭菌之前通过捕集室301对灭菌室100抽真空。第一捕汽管路上设置有第一抽真空阀3051，以用于控制第一捕汽管路的导通或截止。
为了减少零部件，真空捕集装置300和蒸汽发生装置200共用真空泵304，即，真空泵304既用于在灭菌前对灭菌室100抽真空，同时又用于在蒸汽发生装置200加水之前对蒸汽发生装置200抽真空。如图1所示，主体201上连接第二抽气管路306，第二抽气管路306与第一抽气管路305连通，以使真空泵304能对蒸汽发生装置200的主体201内抽真空。为了减少蒸汽发生装置200上开设的端口的数量，本实施例的第二抽气管路306连接在出汽管路203上，即，第二抽气管路306和出汽管路203汇合成一条主管后与主体201上的出汽端口连接。第二抽气管路306上设置有第二抽真空阀3061，以控制第二抽气管路306的导通和截止。
如图1所示，捕汽换热器303的两端分别伸出捕集室301，其中一端与进液管路307连接，用于向捕汽换热器303内引入冷却介质，另一端与回液管路308连接，用于将换热后的冷却介质导出，冷却介质可以为水、制冷剂或载冷剂等。另外，为了给冷却介质提供动力，使其循环流动，进液管路307上设置有冷却泵3071。
如图1所示，捕集室301的下部连接有排水管路309，排水管路309上 设置有排水阀3091，用于将捕集室301内凝结的凝结水排出捕集室301。
本发明实施例示出的壳体101、主体201和捕集室301均为筒状。为了节省能源，减少主体201对外界的散热，本实施例的主体201外可以设置保温层(图中未示出)。为了减少了灭菌室100对所处环境的散热，灭菌室100的壳体101的外侧和设置有保温层108。
下面结合图1对本发明实施例的巴氏灭菌装置的工作过程进行说明：
A、准备阶段
在向蒸汽发生装置200的主体201内加水之前先开启真空泵304和第二抽真空阀3061，使主体201内部为真空后关闭第二抽真空阀3061，然后开启自动补水阀2041，向主体201内加水，加入水的体积最优为主体201容腔的总容积的2/3；
开启蒸汽发生装置200的高压蒸汽调节阀2051，从锅炉来的高温高压蒸汽进入盘管换热器202，主体201内的水的温度升高，控制程序控制高压蒸汽调节阀的开度，使温度传感器209测得的温度等于灭菌所需的温度；
启动热水泵2071，主体201内的热水进入换热管102内，为灭菌室100的壳体101加热，使壳体101的温度升高到接近灭菌温度。
B、抽真空阶段：
将要灭菌的产品送入灭菌室100，开启真空泵304、第一抽真空阀3051和排汽阀3021，对灭菌室100腔抽真空，当灭菌室100内的压力下降到所需真空压力(如1000Pa)后，关闭真空泵304、第一抽真空阀3051和排汽阀3021。
C、蒸汽灭菌阶段：
开启蒸汽阀2031，将蒸汽腔2012内的蒸汽通入灭菌室100内，蒸汽接触产品表面并渗透到产品内部，部分蒸汽在产品表面及其空隙内部凝结，致病菌在较高的温度和水活度下失活；当通入蒸汽的时间达到所需灭菌时间(如20min)后，关闭蒸汽阀2031，致病菌灭活过程结束。
D、蒸汽捕集阶段：
启动真空捕集装置300的冷却泵3071，向捕汽换热器303内通入冷却介质，使捕汽换热器303降温；开启排汽阀3021，腔室103内的蒸汽进入捕集 室301内并在较低温度的捕汽换热器303的表面凝结；同时腔室103内的压力下降，当腔室103内的压力小于食品温度对应的饱和压力时，食品表面及孔隙内部的凝结水蒸发，蒸发过程吸收热量，使食品温度下降；待腔室103内的压力下降到所需的捕汽压力(如3000Pa)后关闭冷却泵3071，停止冷却介质的流通。
E、解除真空阶段：
开启进气阀1071，待腔室103内的压力回升到环境大气压后，取出灭菌好的产品，并打开真空捕集装置300的排水管路309上的排水阀3091，排出捕集室301内的凝结水。最后关闭进气阀1071和排水阀3091。
如要进行下一批次产品的灭菌，则重复上述B-C-D-E过程。
上述实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，包括：
    灭菌室，其用于放置需要灭菌的产品；
    蒸汽发生装置，其与所述灭菌室连接，用于为所述灭菌室提供灭菌用的负压饱和蒸汽；以及
    真空捕集装置，其与所述灭菌室连接，用于在灭菌之前对所述灭菌室抽真空，并用于在灭菌后捕集所述灭菌室内的蒸汽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述灭菌室包括壳体和换热管；所述壳体上开设有进汽端口和排汽端口，所述进汽端口与所述蒸汽发生装置通过出汽管路连接，以用于将所述蒸汽发生装置产生的负压饱和蒸汽输送至所述灭菌室；所述排汽端口与所述真空捕集装置通过捕集管路连接，以用于使所述真空捕集装置在灭菌后捕集所述灭菌室内的蒸汽；所述换热管固定于所述壳体的外表面上，用于为所述壳体加热；所述灭菌室上连接有用于在灭菌完成后使外界空气进入所述灭菌室的进空气管路，所述进空气管路上设置有进气阀。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述灭菌室还包括反辐射板，所述反辐射板固定于所述壳体的内表面上并通过多个隔热垫与所述壳体间隔；所述隔热垫的厚度为3mm～10mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述蒸汽发生装置包括：
    主体，其内具有容腔，所述容腔的下部为液体腔，所述容腔的上部为蒸汽腔；所述主体上还连接有补水管路，以用于为所述液体腔补充液体水；和
    换热器，其设置于所述液体腔内用于为液体水加热，以使液态水转化为蒸汽并进入所述蒸汽腔，所述换热器的进口端和出口端分别伸出所述主体外。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述主体上对应所述液体腔的位置还连接有进水管路和回水管路；所述进水管路与所述换热管的进水端口连接，所述进水管路上设置有热水泵；所述回水管路与所述换热管的出水端口连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述液体 腔的容积占所述容腔的容积的1/2～3/4；所述补水管路上设置有自动补水阀；所述自动补水阀为浮球阀或带液位控制开关的电磁阀；所述容腔内设有用于测量容腔内温度的温度传感器。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述换热器为盘管式换热器，所述盘管式换热器的进口端与外部锅炉的供蒸汽管路连接，所述供蒸汽管路上设置有高温蒸汽调节阀；所述盘管式换热器的出口端连接出水管路，所述出水管路上设置有疏水阀。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述真空捕集装置包括捕集室、捕汽换热器和真空泵，所述捕汽换热器设置于所述捕集室内，用于使所述捕集室冷却降温；所述捕集室上连接有第一抽气管路和捕集管路，所述真空泵设置在所述第一捕汽管路上用于在灭菌之前通过所述捕集室对所述灭菌室抽真空；
    所述主体上连接有第二抽气管路，所述第二抽气管路与所述第一抽气管路连通，以用于在所述蒸汽发生装置启动前对所述主体内抽真空。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述捕汽换热器内的冷却介质为水、制冷剂或载冷剂。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的蒸汽巴氏灭菌设备，其特征在于，所述壳体、所述主体和所述捕集室均为筒状；所述壳体的外侧和所述主体的外侧均设置有保温层。
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