WO2019085447A1 - 一种背接触式太阳电池组件及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种背接触式太阳电池组件及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019085447A1
WO2019085447A1 PCT/CN2018/088318 CN2018088318W WO2019085447A1 WO 2019085447 A1 WO2019085447 A1 WO 2019085447A1 CN 2018088318 W CN2018088318 W CN 2018088318W WO 2019085447 A1 WO2019085447 A1 WO 2019085447A1
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battery
negative electrode
adjacent
back contact
solar cell
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PCT/CN2018/088318
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English (en)
French (fr)
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路忠林
吴仕梁
张凤鸣
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江苏日托光伏科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019085447A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085447A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022441—Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a structure and a manufacturing technology of a novel photovoltaic solar cell module, which is applied to the manufacture of a solar cell module.
  • back-contact solar cells and components are a typical representative of high-efficiency photovoltaic products because they have no metal gate lines on the front side (IBC full back contact type).
  • the battery or the metal-free main grid line effectively eliminates or reduces the front side shading of the metal grid line, and improves the utilization of incident light to achieve the purpose of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the product.
  • MVT metal perforated wound battery effectively eliminates or reduces the front side shading of the metal grid line, and improves the utilization of incident light to achieve the purpose of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the product.
  • the industrialization of back-contact batteries and components has not been smooth so far. The main reason is the lack of simple, efficient and low-cost component packaging.
  • the typical component packaging method is to use a ribbon to bond bus bars in series (patent application number 201110140708.3) And the metal circuit board-based packaging method (patent application number 201310215117.7), the two methods of the battery chip and the interconnection structure and assembly are complicated, and need to consume a large amount of metal interconnection materials to reduce the power loss caused by the interconnection series resistance.
  • the material cost of the package is further increased, so the technology of the back contact type solar cell module has been developed so far, and the industry urgently needs a low-cost and easy-to-implement solution.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new back contact type battery and assembly structure and preparation method, which simplifies the preparation method and can greatly reduce the production cost, making it suitable for large-scale production needs.
  • the present invention provides a low cost, easy to implement back contact battery assembly structure and method of preparation.
  • the invention fully utilizes the mature industrial technology on the market, has low material cost, simple process steps, is easy to implement, and is also suitable for large-scale production and manufacture.
  • a back contact type solar cell assembly the back contact type solar cell is provided with a dicing position line, and the back contact type solar cell can be divided into several identical divided battery cells along the dicing position line, each The two long sides of the split battery unit are respectively provided with a row of positive electrode points and a row of negative electrode points, the positive electrode points and the negative electrode points are axisymmetric with respect to the split battery cells; adjacent positive electrode points of two adjacent divided battery cells And the negative electrode point is line-symmetric with respect to the dicing position of the shard; when interconnecting and packaging into components, it is only necessary to linearly interconnect adjacent pairs of positive electrode points and negative electrode points of adjacent contiguous battery cells located on both sides of the scribe line.
  • the serialized battery cells are connected in series and in parallel to form a complete component circuit, and the component circuit is completed into a complete solar cell module by subsequent processes such as lamination and junction box assembly. Finished product.
  • a method for preparing a back contact solar cell module comprising the steps of:
  • a scribe line position between the split battery unit and the split battery unit is fabricated on the back contact solar cell, and a row of positive electrode points and a column of negative power are respectively formed on the two long sides of each of the divided battery cells.
  • a pole, the positive electrode point and the negative electrode point are axisymmetric with respect to the split battery unit; adjacent positive electrode points and negative electrode points of the adjacent two divided battery cells are line symmetrical;
  • the adjacent segmented battery cells are sequentially arranged in order, and the positive and negative electrode points between the adjacent segmented battery cells are respectively connected by the interconnection bars, and the interconnection strips may be solder ribbons.
  • Other metal foils may be used in the form of soldering or conductive adhesive bonding.
  • the number of divided battery cells connected in series is generally 2 to 500, and the serial interconnected battery cells may be further connected in parallel.
  • To increase the working current generally 2 to 10 strings can be connected in parallel. If necessary, the parallel battery cell strings can be further connected in series with other serial battery cell strings to obtain suitable component rated power, operating current and voltage, etc.
  • the above-mentioned interconnected battery is packaged into a complete assembly by combining conventional component materials and processes such as glass, back sheet and packaging materials. If a transparent polymer back sheet or a glass back sheet is used, that is, the back side of the module also has incident light. When the back side of the battery used has a light transmitting structure, the back side of the battery can also generate electricity, and the above components can be made into a double-sided power generating assembly.
  • the back contact solar cell assembly and the preparation method provided by the present invention have a special symmetrical structure and can be divided into a plurality of individual segment units, and the electrode confluence points ( Positive and negative electrode points are distributed on both sides of the small piece unit.
  • the short-distance linear interconnection of the positive and negative electrodes on the back side of the adjacent battery sheets can be performed very simply.
  • the operating current of the small-chip unit is much smaller than that of the large piece, and the internal resistance power loss of the battery piece interconnection is greatly reduced, so that the interconnection strip of ultra-thin and small cross-sectional area can be selected, and the short interconnection distance is combined, and the consumption of the interconnection strip is expected to be reduced 90. More than %, the cost is greatly reduced, and because the ultra-thin interconnect strip reduces the stress on the battery, making it more suitable for the packaging of ultra-thin cells, which has great space for cost reduction and efficiency.
  • 1a is a schematic view showing the structure of the back surface of the back contact solar cell of the present invention.
  • 1b is a schematic diagram showing the electrical interconnection structure between the divided battery cells when the component is fabricated according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural view of a back surface of a full back contact type IBC battery according to an application example of the present invention
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of an electrical interconnection structure between full back contact type IBC segmented battery cells according to an application example of the present invention
  • 3a is a schematic view showing the structure of the back surface of the MWT battery according to the application example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of an electrical interconnection structure between MWT split battery cells according to an application example of the present invention.
  • a back contact solar cell assembly is provided with a dicing position line 10 on the back contact solar cell 1, and the back contact solar cell 1 can be divided into several numbers along the dicing position line 10.
  • the same divided battery cells 11 are provided with a row of positive electrode dots 110 and a row of negative electrode dots 111 on each of the long sides of each of the divided battery cells 11, and the positive electrode dots 110 and the negative electrode dots 111 are directed to the divided battery cells 11 Symmetrical; adjacent two divided battery cells 11 positive electrode point 110 and negative electrode point 111 are symmetric with respect to the segment dicing position line 10; when interconnecting and packaging into components, only the adjacent segmented battery cells 11 are located at the dicing Each pair of positive electrode points 110 and negative electrode points 111 on both sides of the position line 10 are linearly interconnected by a plurality of interconnecting strips 12, and the serialized divided battery cells 11 are arranged in series and parallel to form a complete component circuit. The component circuit is completed into a complete solar cell module
  • the method for preparing the above back contact solar cell module comprises the following steps:
  • the positive and negative electrode points are located on both sides of the long side in the small divided battery unit 11.
  • the scribe line position 10 between the split battery unit 11 and the split battery unit 11 is formed on the back contact solar cell 1, and a column is formed on each of the long sides of each of the split battery units 11.
  • Positive electrode point 110 and a column of negative electrode points 111, positive electrode point 110 and negative electrode point 111 are axisymmetric with respect to the divided battery unit 11; adjacent two divided battery cells 11 positive electrode point 110 and negative electrode point 111 are diced with respect to the slice Position line 10 is symmetrical;
  • the adjacent split battery cells 11 are sequentially aligned, and the interconnecting strips 12 are respectively connected to the positive between the adjacent split battery cells 11.
  • the negative electrode point, the interconnecting strip 12 may be a soldering strip or other metal foil.
  • the interconnecting may be in the form of soldering or conductive adhesive bonding, and the number of the divided battery cells 11 connected in series is generally 2 to 500 pieces.
  • the serial interconnected battery cells 11 of the string can be further connected in parallel to increase the operating current. Generally, 2 to 10 strings can be connected in parallel. If necessary, the parallel battery cells 11 can be further connected in series with other serial battery cells 11 to obtain Suitable component rated power, operating current and voltage, etc.;
  • the above-mentioned interconnected battery is packaged into a complete assembly by combining conventional component materials and processes such as glass, back sheet and packaging materials. If a transparent polymer backsheet or a glass backsheet is used, the above components can also be fabricated as a double-sided power generation assembly.
  • This embodiment provides an implementation method of an N-type full back contact type (IBC) battery and assembly
  • IBC full back contact
  • the back side of the N-type full back contact (IBC) battery is printed with a column of six positive electrode junctions 20, a column of six negative electrode junctions 21, and a comb corresponding to each positive electrode junction 20.
  • a toothed positive electrode grid line 22 and a comb-shaped negative electrode grid line 23 corresponding to each negative electrode junction point 21, and an N-type full back contact type (IBC) battery is provided with a scribe line position line 10, a scribe line position line 10, the N-type full back contact type (IBC) battery can be divided into six identical split battery cells 11; the positive electrode sink point 20 and the negative electrode sink point 21 are respectively disposed on the two long sides of the split battery unit 11, and
  • the positive electrode confluence point 20 and the negative electrode confluence point 21 are axisymmetric with respect to the split cell unit 11, and each pair of positive electrode confluence points 20 and negative electrode confluence points 21 of the adjacent slice cell unit 11 on both sides of the scribe line position line 10 are respectively The thickness of the strip is
  • each 36-piece battery unit 11 can be placed (equivalent to 6 whole pieces, and the working current of the divided battery unit 11 is only 1/1 of the whole piece) 6) interconnected into a string, and then every 6 strings of battery cells 11 are connected in series (one string), so that the operating current is consistent with the conventional components, and then the two strings are connected in series to form A complete 432 small piece (36 ⁇ 12, equivalent to 72 full) components, can also be connected to the protection diode between the strings.
  • the back surface of the IBC battery is printed with a specific gate line and bus point structure, and a column of 6 positive electrode confluence points 20, a column of 6 negative electrode confluence points 21, and each positive electrode confluence
  • the comb-shaped positive electrode grid line 22 corresponding to the point 20 and the comb-shaped negative electrode grid line 23 corresponding to each of the negative electrode confluence points 21 are respectively printed on the back surface of the N-type full back contact type (IBC) battery, in the N type A dicing position line 10 is disposed on the back contact type (IBC) battery, and the entire piece of the IBC battery can be divided into six identical small piece units along the dicing position line 10 by laser, plasma or mechanical means - the divided battery unit 11;
  • the positive electrode confluence point 20 and the negative electrode confluence point between adjacent divided battery cells 11 are performed using a solder ribbon. 21 welding interconnection, the thickness of the welding strip is preferably 0.05 ⁇ 0.3mm, the width is 0.2 ⁇ 2mm;
  • each 36-piece battery unit 11 (equivalent to 6 whole pieces, and the working current of the divided battery unit 11 is only 1/6 of the whole piece) can be interconnected. In series, then every 6 strings are connected in parallel (one string), so that the operating current is consistent with the conventional components, and then the two strings are connected in series to form a complete 432 small pieces (36 ⁇ 12, Equivalent to 72 whole) components, and a protection diode can be connected between the strings;
  • the above-mentioned interconnected battery is packaged into a complete assembly by combining conventional component materials and processes such as glass, back sheet and packaging materials. If a transparent polymer backsheet or a glass backsheet is used, the above components can also be fabricated as a double-sided power generation assembly.
  • This embodiment provides a method for implementing a P-type metal wound penetration (MWT) back contact battery and assembly:
  • a P-type metal wound through (MWT) back contact battery assembly including a scribe line 10, along which a P-type metal wound through (MWT) back contact battery is divided into five identical
  • the split battery unit 11 is provided with a row of 8 positive electrode points 110 and a column of 8 negative electrode points 111, and a positive electrode point 110 and a negative electrode point 111 with respect to the divided battery unit 11 on each of the long sides of each of the divided battery cells 11.
  • Axisymmetric; as shown in Fig. 3a the back surface of the MWT battery is printed with an aluminum back field 30 and a confluent point structure.
  • the positive electrode point 110 collects current through the aluminum back field 30, and the negative electrode point 111 collects the front grid current through the laser hole.
  • the entire piece of MWT battery can be divided into 5 identical small pieces unit - split battery unit 11;
  • the adjacent two divided battery cells 11 have a positive electrode point 110 and a negative electrode point 111 which are symmetric with respect to the slice dicing position line 10; when the interconnect is packaged into a component, only the adjacent divided battery cells 11 are located at the dicing position line.
  • Each pair of positive electrode points 110 and negative electrode points 111 on both sides of the 10th line are linearly interconnected into a string; as shown in FIG. 3b, after the single piece of the MWT battery is divided into five divided battery cells 11, the copper foil is used for small pieces.
  • the positive and negative electrode points between adjacent small pieces are interconnected.
  • the thickness of the copper foil is preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mm, and the width is 0.2 to 2 mm.
  • the electrode points and the copper foil pieces are bonded or soldered by a conductive paste or a solder paste.
  • the back surface of the MWT battery is printed with an aluminum back field 30 and a confluent point structure.
  • the positive electrode point 110 collects current through the aluminum back field 30, and the negative electrode point 111 collects the front grid current through the laser hole.
  • the whole piece of the MWT battery can be divided into five identical small piece units; the divided MWT battery is the dicing position line 10 of five identical divided battery cells 11, and the two long sides of each of the divided battery cells 11
  • a column of 8 positive electrode points 110 and a column of 8 negative electrode points 111 are disposed on the MWT battery, wherein the positive electrode point 110 and the negative electrode point 111 are axisymmetric with respect to the segmented battery unit 11; and are patterned by laser, plasma or mechanical means.
  • the slice position line 10 is diced, and the large piece of MWT battery is divided into five identical split battery cells 11;
  • a pair of positive and negative electrode points interconnection between adjacent divided battery cells 11 is performed using a copper foil die.
  • the thickness of the copper foil is preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mm, the width is 0.2 to 2 mm, and the electrode point and the copper foil piece are bonded or soldered by a conductive paste or a solder paste;
  • each 30-piece battery unit 11 (equivalent to 6 whole pieces, and the working current of the divided battery unit 11 is only 1/5 of the whole piece) can be interconnected. In series, then every 5 strings are connected in parallel (1 string), so that the working current is consistent with the conventional components, and then the two strings are connected in series to form a complete 300 small pieces (30 ⁇ 10, Equivalent to 60 full-size components, and a protection diode can be connected between the strings;
  • the above-mentioned interconnected battery is packaged into a complete assembly by combining conventional component materials and processes such as glass, back sheet and packaging materials. If a transparent polymer backsheet or a glass backsheet is used, the above components can also be fabricated as a double-sided power generation assembly.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种背接触式太阳电池组件及制备方法，背接触式太阳电池具有特殊对称结构，可分成若干个单独小片单元，而电极汇流点分布在小片单元两侧，制备成组件时可非常简单的进行相邻电池片背面正负极短距离直线互联即可。小片单元的工作电流远小于正常片，电池片互联的内阻功率损耗大大减少，这样又可以选用超薄及小截面积的互联条，结合更短的互联距离，预计可降低互联条消耗量90％以上，既大幅降低了成本，同时也因为超薄的互联条减少了对电池片的应力，使其更适合于超薄电池片的封装，具有极大的降本提效空间。

Description

一种背接触式太阳电池组件及制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型光伏太阳电池组件的结构和制造技术，应用于太阳电池组件的生产制造。
背景技术
在光伏产业高速发展的今天，高效太阳电池组件受到越来越多的关注，其中背接触式太阳电池及组件是高效光伏产品的一个典型代表，因为其正面无金属栅线(IBC全背接触式电池)或无金属主栅线(MWT金属穿孔缠绕电池)，有效消除或减少了金属栅线的正面遮光，提升了入射光的利用率从而达到提升产品光电转换效率的目的。但迄今背接触式电池及组件产业化并不顺利，主要原因是缺乏简单有效且低成本的组件封装方式，比较典型的组件封装方式是用焊带结合汇流条串联电池片(专利申请号201110140708.3)及基于金属电路板的封装方式(专利申请号201310215117.7)，所述两种方式的电池片和互联结构以及组装都较复杂，且需要消耗大量的金属互联材料以降低互联串阻导致的功率损失，又进一步提高了封装的材料成本，所以背接触式太阳电池组件技术发展至今，产业急需一种低成本且易实现的解决方案。
本发明的目的就是提供一种新的背接触式电池及组件的结构以及制备方法，简化了制备方法且可大幅降低生产成本，使其适合规模化的生产需要。
发明内容
发明目的：针对现有技术中存在的问题与不足，本发明提供一种较低成本、易于实现的背接触式电池组件结构及制备方法。本发明充分运用了市场上成熟的产业技术，所用材料成本低，工艺步骤也较简单，便于实施，也适合进行规模化生产制造。
技术方案：一种背接触式太阳电池组件，背接触式太阳电池上设有划片位置线，沿划片位置线可将背接触式太阳电池分割成数个相同的分片电池单元，每个分片电池单元的两长边侧分别设有一列正电极点和一列负电极点，正电极点和负电极点关于分片电池单元轴对称；相邻的两个分片电池单元相邻的正电极点和负电极点关于分片划片位置线对称；在互联封装成组件时，只需将相邻分片电池单 元位于划片位置线两侧的相邻的每对正电极点和负电极点分别直线互联成串即可，互联成串的分片电池单元再进行串并联设置以形成完整的组件电路，所述组件电路通过后续现有的层压、装接线盒等工序后制成完整的太阳电池组件成品。
一种背接触式太阳电池组件的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)在背接触式太阳电池上制作分片电池单元与分片电池单元之间的划片位置线，在每个分片电池单元的两长边侧上分别制作一列正电极点和一列负电极点，正电极点和负电极点关于分片电池单元轴对称；相邻的两个分片电池单元相邻的正电极点和负电极点分片划片位置线对称；
(2)采用激光、等离子体或者机械等方式沿划片位置线进行划片，将大片电池片划成若干个相同的分片电池单元；
(3)将分片电池单元组装成组件时，将相邻的分片电池单元顺序排列整齐，用互联条分别连接相邻分片电池单元之间的正负电极点，互联条可以是焊带，也可以是其他金属薄片，互联时可采用焊接或者导电胶粘接等形式，互联成串的分片电池单元数量一般在2～500片，成串的互联分片电池单元可进一步进行并联以提高工作电流，一般可并联2～10串，根据需要，并联后的分片电池单元串还可以进一步串联其他分片电池单元串以得到合适的组件额定功率、工作电流和电压等；
(4)结合玻璃、背板和封装材料等常规组件材料和工序将上述互联后的电池封装成完整的组件。如果采用透明聚合物背板或者玻璃背板，即使得组件背面同样有入射光，当所用电池的背面具有透光结构时，电池背面也可以发电，上述组件就可以做成双面发电组件。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的背接触式太阳电池组件及制备方法，背接触式太阳电池具有特殊对称结构，可分成若干个单独的分片单元，而电极汇流点(正负电极点)分布在小片单元两侧，制备成组件时可非常简单的进行相邻电池片背面正负极短距离直线互联。此外，小片单元的工作电流远小于大片，电池片互联的内阻功率损耗大大减少，这样又可以选用超薄及小截面积的互联条，结合短的互联距离，预计可降低互联条消耗量90％以上，既大幅降低了成本，同时也因为超薄的互联条减少了对电池片的应力，使其更适合于超薄电池片的封装，具有极大的降本提效空间。
附图说明
图1a为本发明所述背接触式太阳电池背面结构示意图；
图1b为本发明所述的制作组件时分片电池单元间的电学互联结构示意图；
图2a为本发明应用实例所述的全背接触式IBC电池背面结构示意图；
图2b为本发明应用实例所述的全背接触式IBC分片电池单元间的电学互联结构示意图；
图3a为本发明应用实例所述的MWT电池背面结构示意图；
图3b为本发明应用实例所述的MWT分片电池单元间的电学互联结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
如图1a-图1b所示，一种背接触式太阳电池组件，背接触式太阳电池1上设有划片位置线10，沿划片位置线10可将背接触式太阳电池1分割成数个相同的分片电池单元11，每个分片电池单元11的两长边侧分别设有一列正电极点110和一列负电极点111，正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片电池单元11轴对称；相邻的两个分片电池单元11正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片划片位置线10对称；在互联封装成组件时，只需将相邻分片电池单元11位于划片位置线10两侧的每对正电极点110和负电极点111分别通过互联条12直线互联成串即可，互联成串的分片电池单元11进行串并联设置以形成完整的组件电路，所述组件电路通过后续现有的层压、装接线盒等工序后制成完整的太阳电池组件成品。
上述背接触式太阳电池组件的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备如图1a所示的特定背电极结构的背接触式太阳电池1，这种电池背面电极具有平移对称结构，可划分成若干个(一般2～12个)重复的小的分片电池单元11，在小的分片电池单元11中正负电极点分别位于长边两侧。具体操作为：在背接触式太阳电池1上制作分片电池单元11与分片电池单元11之间的划片位置线10，在每个分片电池单元11的两长边侧上分别制作一列正电极点110和一列负电极点111，正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片电池单元11轴对称； 相邻的两个分片电池单元11正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片划片位置线10对称；
(2)采用激光、等离子体或者机械等方式沿图1a所示的划片位置线10进行划片，将大片电池片划成若干个相同的分片电池单元11；
(3)如图1b所示，将分片电池单元11组装成组件时，将相邻的分片电池单元11顺序排列整齐，用互联条12分别连接相邻分片电池单元11之间的正负电极点，互联条12可以是焊带，也可以是其他金属薄片，互联时可采用焊接或者导电胶粘接等形式，互联成串的分片电池单元11数量一般在2～500片，成串的互联分片电池单元11可进一步进行并联以提高工作电流，一般可并联2～10串，根据需要，并联后的分片电池单元11串还可以进一步串联其他分片电池单元11串以得到合适的组件额定功率、工作电流和电压等；
(4)结合玻璃、背板和封装材料等常规组件材料和工序将上述互联后的电池封装成完整的组件。如果采用透明聚合物背板或者玻璃背板，上述组件还可以做成双面发电组件。
实施例1：
本实施例提供一种N型全背接触式(IBC)电池和组件的实施方法；
N型全背接触式(IBC)电池组件：
如图2a-2b所示，N型全背接触式(IBC)电池背面印刷有一列6个正电极汇流点20、一列6个负电极汇流点21、与每个正电极汇流点20对应的梳齿状正电极栅线22和与每个负电极汇流点21对应的梳齿状负电极栅线23，N型全背接触式(IBC)电池上设有划片位置线10，划片位置线10可将N型全背接触式(IBC)电池分割成6个相同的分片电池单元11；正电极汇流点20和负电极汇流点21分别设置在分片电池单元11两长边侧，且正电极汇流点20和负电极汇流点21关于分片电池单元11轴对称，相邻分片电池单元11位于划片位置线10两侧的每对正电极汇流点20和负电极汇流点21分别通过焊带焊接互联，焊带厚度优选在0.05～0.3mm，宽度在0.2～2mm。
对应常规的72整片(6×12)N型全背接触式电池组件，可把每36片分片电池单元11(相当于6整片，分片电池单元11工作电流只有整片的1/6)相互互联成串，然后每6串分片电池单元11串并联在一起(1个组串)，这样工作电 流就和常规组件的保持一致，然后2个组串再串联在一起就形成了一个完整的432小片(36×12，相当于72整片)组件，组串之间还可以再接保护二极管。
N型全背接触式(IBC)电池组件的实施方法：
(1)如图2a所示，这种IBC电池背面印刷有特定的栅线和汇流点结构，将一列6个正电极汇流点20、一列6个负电极汇流点21、与每个正电极汇流点20对应的梳齿状正电极栅线22和与每个负电极汇流点21对应的梳齿状负电极栅线23分别印刷在N型全背接触式(IBC)电池背面，在N型全背接触式(IBC)电池上设置划片位置线10，整片的IBC电池可采用激光、等离子体或者机械等方式沿划片位置线10划成6个相同的小片单元——分片电池单元11；
(2)如图2b所示，在把单片IBC电池划成6个分片电池单元11后，使用焊带进行相邻分片电池单元11之间的正电极汇流点20和负电极汇流点21焊接互联，焊带厚度优选在0.05～0.3mm，宽度在0.2～2mm；
(3)对应常规的72整片(6×12)组件，可把每36片分片电池单元11(相当于6整片，分片电池单元11工作电流只有整片的1/6)相互互联成串，然后每6串并联在一起(1个组串)，这样工作电流就和常规组件的保持一致，然后2个组串再串联在一起就形成了一个完整的432小片(36×12，相当于72整片)组件，组串之间还可以再接保护二极管；
(4)结合玻璃、背板和封装材料等常规组件材料和工序将上述互联后的电池封装成完整的组件。如果采用透明聚合物背板或者玻璃背板，上述组件还可以做成双面发电组件。
实施例2：
本实施例提供一种P型金属缠绕穿透(MWT)背接触式电池和组件的实施方法：
P型金属缠绕穿透(MWT)背接触式电池组件，包括有划片位置线10，沿划片位置线10可将P型金属缠绕穿透(MWT)背接触式电池分割成5个相同的分片电池单元11，每个分片电池单元11的两长边侧分别设有一列8个正电极点110和一列8个负电极点111，正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片电池单元11轴对称；如图3a所示，这种MWT电池背面印刷有铝背场30和汇流点结构，正电极点110是通过铝背场30汇集电流，负电极点111是通过激光孔洞汇集正 面栅线电流，整片的MWT电池可划成5个相同的小片单元——分片电池单元11；
相邻的两个分片电池单元11正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片划片位置线10对称；在互联封装成组件时，只需将相邻分片电池单元11位于划片位置线10两侧的每对正电极点110和负电极点111分别直线互联成串即可；如图3b所示，在把单片MWT电池划成5个分片电池单元11后，使用铜箔小片进行相邻小片之间的正负电极点互联，铜箔厚度优选在0.01～0.1mm，宽度在0.2～2mm，电极点和铜箔小片之间通过导电胶或者锡膏进行粘接或焊接。
P型金属缠绕穿透(MWT)背接触式电池组件的实施方法：
(1)如图3a所示，这种MWT电池背面印刷有铝背场30和汇流点结构，正电极点110是通过铝背场30汇集电流，负电极点111是通过激光孔洞汇集正面栅线电流，整片的MWT电池可划成5个相同的小片单元；将分割MWT电池为5个相同的分片电池单元11的划片位置线10，每个分片电池单元11的两长边侧的一列8个正电极点110和一列8个负电极点111，设置在MWT电池上，其中正电极点110和负电极点111关于分片电池单元11轴对称；采用激光、等离子体或者机械等方式沿划片位置线10进行划片，将大片MWT电池划成5个相同的分片电池单元11；
(2)如图3b所示，在把单片MWT电池划成5个分片电池单元11后，使用铜箔小片进行相邻分片电池单元11之间的相邻一对正负电极点互联，铜箔厚度优选在0.01～0.1mm，宽度在0.2～2mm，电极点和铜箔小片之间通过导电胶或者锡膏进行粘接或焊接；
(3)对应常规的60整片(6×10)组件，可把每30片分片电池单元11(相当于6整片，分片电池单元11工作电流只有整片的1/5)相互互联成串，然后每5串并联在一起(1个组串)，这样工作电流就和常规组件的保持一致，然后2个组串再串联在一起就形成了一个完整的300小片(30×10，相当于60整片)组件，组串之间还可以再接保护二极管；
(4)结合玻璃、背板和封装材料等常规组件材料和工序将上述互联后的电池封装成完整的组件。如果采用透明聚合物背板或者玻璃背板，上述组件还可以做成双面发电组件。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：背接触式太阳电池上设有划片位置线，沿划片位置线可将背接触式太阳电池分割成数个相同的分片电池单元，每个分片电池单元的两长边侧分别设有一列正电极点和一列负电极点，正电极点和负电极点关于分片电池单元轴对称；相邻的两个分片电池单元的相邻的正电极点和负电极点关于分片划片位置线对称；在互联封装成组件时，将相邻分片电池单元位于划片位置线两侧的相邻的每对正电极点和负电极点分别互联成串；
    互联成串的分片电池单元再进行串并联设置，以形成完整的组件电路，所述组件电路可制成完整的太阳电池组件成品。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：背接触式太阳电池组件为N型全背接触式电池组件，N型全背接触式电池背面印刷有一列正电极汇流点、一列负电极汇流点、与每个正电极汇流点对应的梳齿状正电极栅线和与每个负电极汇流点对应的梳齿状负电极栅线，N型全背接触式电池上设有划片位置线，划片位置线可将N型全背接触式电池分割成多个相同的分片电池单元；正电极汇流点和负电极汇流点分别设置在分片电池单元两长边侧，且正电极汇流点和负电极汇流点关于分片电池单元轴对称，相邻分片电池单元位于划片位置线两侧的相邻的每对正电极汇流点和负电极汇流点分别互联，互联成分片电池单元串，分片电池单元串进行串并联设置以形成完整的组件电路，所述组件电路通过后续现有的层压、装接线盒等工序后制成完整的太阳电池组件成品。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：相邻分片电池单元上位于划片位置线两侧的相邻的每对正电极点和负电极点分别通过互联条直线互联成分片电池单元串。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：互联条是焊带或者金属薄片，互联条通过焊接或者导电胶粘接正电极点和负电极点。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：相邻分片电池单元上位于划片位置线两侧的相邻的每对正电极点和负电极点分别通过焊带焊接互联，焊带厚度优选在0.05～0.3mm，宽度在0.2～2mm。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：2～500片分片电池单元串联成分片电池单元串，2～10串分片电池单元串分别通过并联和串联以形成完整的组件电路。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：背接触式太阳电池为P型金属缠绕穿透背接触式电池，P型金属缠绕穿透背接触式电池上设有划片位置线，沿划片位置线可将P型金属缠绕穿透背接触式电池分割成多个相同的分片电池单元，每个分片电池单元的两长边侧分别设有一列正电极点和一列负电极点，正电极点和负电极点关于分片电池单元轴对称；P型金属缠绕穿透背接触式电池背面印刷有铝背场，正电极点通过铝背场汇集电流，负电极点通过激光孔洞汇集正面栅线电流；
    相邻的两个分片电池单元相邻的正电极点和负电极点关于分片划片位置线对称；相邻分片电池单元位于划片位置线两侧的相邻的每对正电极点和负电极点分别互联。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的背接触式太阳电池组件，其特征在于：互联条是铜箔，铜箔厚度为0.01～0.1mm，宽度为0.2～2mm，电极点和铜箔之间通过导电胶或者锡膏进行粘接或焊接。
  9. 一种背接触式太阳电池组件的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)在背接触式太阳电池上制作分片电池单元与分片电池单元之间的划片位置线，在每个分片电池单元的两长边侧上分别制作一列正电极点和一列负电极点，正电极点和负电极点关于分片电池单元轴对称；相邻的两个分片电池单元相邻的正电极点和负电极点分片划片位置线对称；
    (2)沿划片位置线进行划片，将大片电池片划成若干个相同的分片电池单元；
    (3)将分片电池单元组装成组件时，将相邻的分片电池单元顺序排列整齐，用互联条分别连接相邻分片电池单元之间的正负电极点，形成分片电池单元串，电池单元串并联后可串联其他分片电池单元串以得到需要的组件额定功率、工作电流和电压的电池；
    (4)将上述互联后的电池封装成完整的组件。
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