WO2019085344A1 - 快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台 - Google Patents

快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085344A1
WO2019085344A1 PCT/CN2018/076543 CN2018076543W WO2019085344A1 WO 2019085344 A1 WO2019085344 A1 WO 2019085344A1 CN 2018076543 W CN2018076543 W CN 2018076543W WO 2019085344 A1 WO2019085344 A1 WO 2019085344A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
vehicle
compartment
quick
vehicle battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/076543
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁习坤
李楠
马永跃
田小涛
陈炯
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18874506.1A priority Critical patent/EP3705343A4/en
Publication of WO2019085344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085344A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, and in particular to a quick power changing system, a vehicle battery turnover method and a vehicle battery operating platform.
  • the present invention provides a quick power changing system, a vehicle battery turnover method, and a vehicle battery operating platform, thereby effectively solving the above problems and other problems existing in the prior art.
  • a quick power changing system comprising:
  • a vehicle positioning device configured to position a vehicle in a position to be replaced, the vehicle having an onboard battery to be replaced;
  • a battery compartment disposed at least one side of the vehicle positioned in the to-be-returned position, and the battery compartment having at least two positions for accommodating the on-board battery;
  • a battery exchange device configured to remove the vehicle battery to be replaced from the vehicle, and install the fully charged vehicle battery removed from the position onto the vehicle;
  • a battery transfer device configured to transfer the removed in-vehicle battery into the bin and to transfer the fully charged car battery to the battery replacing device;
  • a battery turnover device is provided for transferring the onboard battery from a position in which it is placed to another position that is vacant.
  • the position has at least one first position and at least one second position, the first position being configured to be used only for the vehicle battery to be placed therein,
  • the second bin is configured for charging the onboard battery therein.
  • the interior of the first position and/or the second position is provided with a transfer member for moving the vehicle battery into or out of the position.
  • the battery compartment is disposed on both sides of the vehicle positioned in the to-be-returned position, the first position and the second position being stacked
  • the battery compartments are arranged and located on each side of the vehicle having only one first bin, the first bin being arranged below all of the second bins.
  • the battery turnover device includes:
  • a battery transfer unit configured to transfer the onboard battery placed thereon to the first position or the second position
  • a power component that is configured to provide power to move the battery transport component to the first bin or the second bin that is stacked.
  • the vehicle positioning device includes a first member for positioning it in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and positioning it in a lateral direction of the vehicle The second part.
  • the first component includes a V-shaped groove in contact with a wheel of the vehicle
  • the second component includes a thrust for applying a thrust from an outer side of the wheel toward the hub Push the piece.
  • the battery transfer device 2 is a roller or a belt.
  • a vehicle battery turnover method comprising the steps of:
  • step B Before, during, or after performing step B, transfer the car battery from its placed position to another position that is vacant.
  • step A at least one of the positions is configured as a first position to be used only for the in-vehicle battery to be placed therein, and in the position At least one of the two is configured as a second position for charging the onboard battery therein.
  • step A the battery compartment is disposed on both sides of the vehicle positioned in the to-be-returned position, and the positions are stacked, And the battery compartment located on each side of the vehicle has only one first position, and the first position is placed below all second positions.
  • step C the on-vehicle battery that has been removed from the vehicle is transferred to the other vacant position for charging, and/or will be full
  • the electric onboard battery is transferred to the other vacant position to wait for it to be subsequently removed and installed on the vehicle.
  • a vehicle battery operating platform comprising the quick power changing system according to any one of the above, or the vehicle battery operating platform is configured to The method of performing the on-vehicle battery turnover method according to any of the above.
  • the present invention artificially arranges the battery compartment in the power-changing operation platform, and efficiently performs the vehicle-mounted battery transmission operation, the power-changing and unlocking operation, and the revolving operation of the vehicle battery in different positions of the battery compartment.
  • a series of operation actions are superimposed and superimposed, so that a fast exchange between the battery to be replaced and the fully charged vehicle battery can be realized, and the vehicle switching time can be significantly reduced significantly, and the rapid operation in the compact power-changing operation platform space is successfully solved.
  • Technical problems such as power exchange.
  • the application of the invention can significantly improve the existing power exchange mode, and effectively enhance the space utilization and scalability of the power exchange operation platform.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an embodiment of a quick change system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view showing the embodiment of the quick change system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3(a)-(d) are schematic diagrams of a vehicle changing process in accordance with the embodiment of the quick change system shown in FIG. 1.
  • 4(a)-(d) are schematic diagrams showing the process of revolving between the first position and the second position of the on-vehicle battery according to the embodiment of the on-vehicle battery turnover method of the present invention.
  • vehicle battery includes, but is not limited to, a battery, a battery pack, a battery pack, and the like for powering a vehicle.
  • the quick change system includes a vehicle positioning device 1, a battery transfer device 2, a battery compartment 3, a battery turnover device 4, and a battery exchange device 5.
  • the vehicle When it is necessary to replace the onboard battery on the vehicle, the vehicle will be positioned in the position to be replaced by the vehicle positioning device 1 to facilitate subsequent operations such as power change.
  • the vehicle positioning device 1 may include a first component and a second component so that they are respectively in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle (i.e., the X-axis direction). Position the vehicle in the lateral direction (ie, the Y-axis direction).
  • first component it may for example be a V-groove structure for contacting the wheels of the vehicle to limit the relative motion of the vehicle in its longitudinal direction.
  • second component it may, for example, employ a pusher for applying thrust from the outside of the wheel of the vehicle towards the wheel hub, thereby limiting the relative motion of the vehicle in its lateral direction.
  • first and second components described above may also be implemented in any other suitable configuration, and that the vehicle positioning device itself is also allowed to contain more structural components. For the positioning function of the vehicle.
  • the battery compartment is an important component of the quick-change system of the present invention, which is provided with two or more bins for storing the vehicle battery.
  • the battery compartment can be placed on one or both sides of the vehicle that has been positioned in the position to be replaced.
  • the battery compartment 3 is exemplarily shown to be disposed on both sides of the vehicle at the same time, and four positions are provided on each side, and these positions are A stacked arrangement comprising a first position at the bottom (referenced as A or A') and three second positions (referenced as B, C, D or B', C', D').
  • the first position described above is specifically configured to store only the vehicle battery, while the second position is specifically configured to provide a vehicle battery located therein for charging.
  • the present invention it is helpful to make full use of the battery compartment by constructing positions having different functions of use, and in particular, it is possible to rearrange and optimize the exchange by combining the battery transfer device 2, the battery turnover device and the like in the present invention. Multiple links in the electrical operation process can greatly reduce the vehicle replacement time, which will be described in detail later.
  • a transport component may be provided within the first bin A and/or the second bin B, C, D in order to facilitate transport of the in-vehicle battery into or out of the bin.
  • a transfer member can be, but is not limited to, a motor driven roller or belt.
  • the present invention also allows for the use of any one or more suitable means to move the vehicle battery into or out of the bin of the battery compartment.
  • each of the on-vehicle batteries can be specifically equipped with a matching transfer member in the quick-change system, so that the vehicle battery can be quickly and conveniently transferred to the quick change by means of such a transfer member.
  • the system includes any desired position, including individual positions.
  • the battery transfer device 2, the battery turnover device 4, and the battery exchange device 5 are all devices for performing corresponding operations on the on-vehicle battery in the quick change system of the present invention.
  • the battery delivery device 2 is used in the present quick-change system for transporting the vehicle battery, which is not only used for transferring the vehicle battery that has been removed from the vehicle to the position of the battery compartment 3, but also for the battery from the battery.
  • the fully charged vehicle battery removed from the position of the bin 3 is transferred to the battery replacing device 5, so that the latter or the fully charged vehicle battery is mounted to the vehicle, thereby completing the power-exchange operation.
  • the battery transport device 2 can be used not only in the form of a roll or belt that is easy to use, but also in any other suitable form.
  • the battery turnover device 4 it is used in the present quick-change system to transfer the vehicle battery from the position of the placed battery compartment 3 to another vacant position as needed, for example from the above The first position is transferred to the second position and vice versa.
  • the battery turnover device 4 described above may include a battery transfer unit and a power unit for transferring the vehicle battery placed on the battery transfer unit to the first or second position in the battery compartment 3, The latter is used to power the battery transfer unit to move the battery transfer unit to the stacked first or second position as previously described, thereby facilitating moving the vehicle battery into or out of the first position. Or the second position.
  • the battery exchange device 5 is used not only to remove the vehicle battery to be replaced from the vehicle after positioning the vehicle in the position to be replaced by the vehicle positioning device 1, but also for A fully charged vehicle battery that has been removed from the bin of the battery compartment 3 is attached to the vehicle.
  • the positioning of the vehicle will be completed by the vehicle positioning device 1, and after the vehicle is positioned, the battery is replaced in this example.
  • the device 5 will rise from the bottom position of the vehicle, and then complete the positioning with the vehicle body and the vehicle battery, and prepare to take the vehicle battery on the vehicle (which may have a loss of power, malfunction or abnormal operation). under.
  • the vehicle battery will descend along the Z-axis direction shown in the drawing, and during the descent, when When the vehicle battery contacts the battery delivery device 2, the vehicle battery is carried by the latter, and the battery replacement device 5 will continue to descend until it does not interfere with the battery delivery device 2.
  • the battery transport device 2 transfers the removed vehicle battery to the first position A' of the battery compartment 3 on the side of the vehicle, and will also be placed in the vehicle another
  • the fully charged vehicle battery in the first position A of the side battery compartment 3 is removed and transferred to the power-changing position for subsequent installation of the vehicle battery to the vehicle.
  • the battery exchange device 5 will rise in the Z-axis direction to complete the positioning and installation operation of the vehicle battery and the vehicle. . After confirming that the on-vehicle battery has been fastened to the vehicle, the battery exchange device 5 will descend in the Z-axis direction until it does not affect the position at which the vehicle is driven out.
  • the battery revolving device of the present invention is allowed to be used for the vehicle battery in the battery compartment before, during or after the above electric switching operation.
  • the turnover operation between different positions can reduce the exchange time of the vehicle battery during the power exchange, and the overall turnover period of a single vehicle battery can be reduced by performing very flexible, subtly optimizing and integrating various links.
  • the replacement of the old and new car batteries can be completed in parallel within the same operating period, so that for a specific vehicle switching operation, the vehicle switching time can be greatly reduced.
  • FIGS. 4(a)-(d) A general process for realizing the turnover of the on-vehicle battery between the first position and the second position will be schematically illustrated below in conjunction with FIGS. 4(a)-(d).
  • the vehicle battery that has been removed is placed in the first position A' of the battery compartment 3 on the side of the vehicle, and is assumed to be located in the other compartment of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle battery in the second position C of the side battery compartment 3 has been fully charged, so the vehicle battery needs to be transferred from the second position C to the first position A in order to wait for the next power-change operation.
  • it is necessary to transfer the above-mentioned removed vehicle battery to the vacant second position C for charging, and the above-mentioned vehicle battery turnover target will be completed through the following operation process.
  • the exemplary battery revolving device 4 can be lowered in the Z-axis direction to the second position C described above, and then can be disposed in the battery compartment 3, for example, as previously described.
  • the fully charged vehicle battery is removed from the position and transferred to the battery turnover device 4 by any means of transport within the bin or by any other suitable means.
  • the battery turnover device 4 is lowered to the first position A described above to move the fully charged vehicle battery on the battery turnover device 4 into the first position A.
  • the battery turnover device 4 transfers the fully charged vehicle battery to the first position A of the battery compartment 3, and removes the removed vehicle battery from the battery compartment 3 described above.
  • a position A' is transmitted to the battery turnover device 4, the above two operations can be simultaneously performed, and it can be understood that for the fully charged vehicle battery, the removed vehicle battery is moved in or out correspondingly.
  • the operation of the first position A or A' can be realized not only by means of a transport member disposed inside the bin as described above or other suitable means, but also by means of the battery transport device 2, which is due to the above-mentioned A position A or A' is disposed at the lowest position of the battery compartment 3, so that the battery delivery device 2 can be utilized as a transmission component inside the first position A or A' in a specific application case, such a compact type
  • the design is beneficial to save equipment costs and improve the utilization of platform space.
  • the battery turnover device 4 will be loaded with the above-mentioned second position C of the fully charged vehicle battery mobile battery compartment 3, which can then be similar to that described above.
  • the fully charged car battery is moved to the second position C for charging, so that it can be used when replacing other depleted batteries or faulty batteries in the future.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle battery turnover method.
  • the on-vehicle battery turnover method of the present invention may include the following steps:
  • Step A The battery compartment may be arranged on one side or both sides of the vehicle positioned in the position to be exchanged as described above, and the battery compartment may be arranged to have two or more positions so that For accommodating a car battery, the car battery may be fully charged, depleted or partially charged, but it may be faulty or abnormal;
  • Step B removing the vehicle battery to be replaced from the vehicle, and installing the fully charged vehicle battery removed from the battery compartment position onto the vehicle;
  • Step C Before, during or after the execution of the above step B, the method of the invention allows flexible selection of any suitable operating opportunity to transfer the vehicle battery from the placed position to another position that is vacant, depending on the actual application needs. This may be to transfer the removed car battery to the other bin for charging, or it may be to transfer the fully charged car battery to the other bin to wait for it to be subsequently removed and installed. A variety of situations, such as on the vehicle, to creatively optimize and integrate multiple links in the process of power-changing, achieving significant results in significantly reducing vehicle switching time.
  • the quick-change system and the on-vehicle battery turnover method according to the present invention have the technical advantages significantly superior to those of the prior art as described above, it is very suitable for configuring such a quick-change system or on-board on a vehicle battery operating platform.
  • the battery operating platform is configured to perform such a vehicle battery turnover method.
  • the vehicle battery operating platform provided by the present invention overcomes the drawbacks and deficiencies in the prior art, and particularly solves the technical problem of realizing rapid power exchange in a compact platform space, and can greatly reduce the replacement of the vehicle battery. Electrical operation time, which is of great significance for further promoting the use of new energy vehicles, promoting environmental protection, and improving user satisfaction.
  • the present invention is not limited to arranging the battery compartments symmetrically on both sides of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle battery is exemplarily mounted on the bottom of the vehicle in the foregoing example, it is possible to arrange the vehicle battery installation at other locations on the vehicle in practical applications, but this does not affect the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种快速换电系统包括：车辆定位装置（1），用于将车辆定位在待换电位置中，车辆上载有待更换的车载电池；电池仓（3），布置在定位于待换电位置中的车辆的至少一侧，并具有至少两个用于容纳车载电池的仓位；电池更换装置（5），用于将待更换的车载电池从车辆上取下，并将从仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到车辆上；电池传送装置（2），用于将已取下的车载电池传送至仓位中，并将已充满电的车载电池传送给电池更换装置；电池周转装置（4），用于将车载电池从其所放置的仓位中转移到已空置的另一个仓位中。采用该换电系统可大幅减少车辆换电时间，能够在紧凑的换电操作平台空间内实现快速换电。还公开了一种车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台。

Description

快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域，尤其涉及一种快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台。
背景技术
随着科技进步和社会发展，例如电动汽车、混合动力汽车等多种类型的新能源汽车日益获得广泛使用。就这些新型汽车来讲，其中涉及到电池快换等方面的技术越来越成为本领域中的关注和研究课题。例如，如果要实现车辆电池加电的体验超越传统车辆加油的体验，那么电池加电时间将是一个重要指标。更换电池是实现快速加电的一种方式，在电池技术没有取得突破性进展、安全可使用的快充技术出现之前，换电仍将是实现车辆电池加电时间能够对标、甚至超越传统车辆加油时间的最有可能方式。尽管目前已经出现了多种换电方式，但是它们仍然存在着诸如操作复杂、换电耗时较长、操作平台空间有限难以实现快速换电等问题。所以，很有必要针对包括上述这些情况在内的现有问题或弊端进行充分研究，以便加以改进。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台，从而有效地解决了现有技术中存在的上述问题和其他方面的问题。
首先，根据本发明的第一方面，它提供了一种快速换电系统，其包括：
车辆定位装置，其被设置成用于将车辆定位在待换电位置中，所述车辆上载有待更换的车载电池；
电池仓，其被布置在定位于所述待换电位置中的车辆的至少一侧，并且所述电池仓具有至少两个用于容纳车载电池的仓位；
电池更换装置，其被设置成用于将待更换的车载电池从车辆上取下，并且将从所述仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到车辆上；
电池传送装置，其被设置成用于将已取下的车载电池传送至所述仓位中，并且将已充满电的车载电池传送给所述电池更换装置；以及
电池周转装置，其被设置成用于将车载电池从其所放置的仓位中转移到已空置的另一个仓位中。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，所述仓位具有至少一个第一仓位和至少 一个第二仓位，所述第一仓位被构造成仅用于供车载电池放置于其中，所述第二仓位被构造成用于供车载电池在其中进行充电。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，所述第一仓位和/或所述第二仓位的内部设置有用于将车载电池移入或移出仓位的传送部件。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，所述电池仓被布置在定位于所述待换电位置中的车辆的两侧，所述第一仓位和所述第二仓位被堆叠布置，并且位于车辆的每一侧的所述电池仓仅具有一个第一仓位，该第一仓位被布置所有第二仓位的下方。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，所述电池周转装置包括：
电池传送部件，其被设置成用于将放置于其上的车载电池传送至所述第一仓位或所述第二仓位；以及
动力部件，其被设置成用于提供动力，以将所述电池传送部件移动至被堆叠布置的所述第一仓位或所述第二仓位。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，，所述车辆定位装置包括用于在车辆的纵向方向上对其进行定位的第一部件、以及在车辆的横向方向上对其进行定位的第二部件。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，所述第一部件包括与车辆的车轮相接触的V形槽，并且所述第二部件包括用于从车轮的外侧朝向轮毂施加推力的推压件。
在根据本发明的快速换电系统中，可选地，所述电池传送装置2为辊筒或者皮带。
其次，根据本发明的第二方面，它提供了一种车载电池周转方法，其包括步骤：
A.在定位于待换电位置中且载有待更换的车载电池的车辆的至少一侧布置电池仓，所述电池仓具有至少两个用于容纳车载电池的仓位；
B.将待更换的车载电池从车辆上取下，并且将从所述仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到车辆上；以及
C.在执行步骤B之前、期间或之后，将车载电池从其所放置的仓位中转移到已空置的另一个仓位中。
在根据本发明的车载电池周转方法中，可选地，在步骤A中，将所述仓位中的至少一个构造成第一仓位以仅用于供车载电池放置于其中，并且将所述仓位中的至少一个构造成第二仓位以用于供车载电池在其中进行充电。
在根据本发明的车载电池周转方法中，可选地，在步骤A中，将所述电池仓布置在定位于所述待换电位置中的车辆的两侧，并且使得所述仓位堆叠布置，并使得位于车辆的每一侧的所述电池仓仅具有一个第一仓位，并且将该第一仓位布置所有第二仓位的下方。
在根据本发明的车载电池周转方法中，可选地，在步骤C中，将已从车辆上取下的车载电池转移到所述已空置的另一个仓位中进行充电、并且/或者将已充满电的车载电池转移到所述已空置的另一个仓位中以等待将其随后移出并装设到车辆上。
另外，根据本发明的第三方面，还提供了一种车载电池操作平台，所述车载电池操作平台包括如以上任一项所述的快速换电系统、或者所述车载电池操作平台被设置成用于执行如以上任一项所述的车载电池周转方法。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过创新性地在换电操作平台中布置电池仓，并且高效进行车载电池传送操作、换电加解锁操作、车载电池在电池仓的不同仓位之间周转操作等一系列操作动作交互叠加，从而可以实现待更换与已充满电的车载电池之间的快速交换，能够相当显著地大幅缩减车辆换电时间，成功解决了在紧凑的换电操作平台空间内进行快速换电等技术问题。应用本发明能够显著改进现有的换电方式，有效增强换电操作平台的空间利用率和可扩展性。
附图说明
以下将结合附图和实施例来对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细描述，但是应当知道，这些附图仅是为解释目的而设计的，因此不作为本发明范围的限定。此外，除非特别指出，这些附图仅意在概念性地说明此处描述的结构构造，而不必要依比例进行绘制。
图1是一个根据本发明的快速换电系统实施例的俯视结构示意图。
图2是图1所示的快速换电系统实施例的正视结构示意图。
图3(a)-(d)是根据图1所示快速换电系统实施例进行车辆换电过程的示意图。
图4(a)-(d)是根据本发明的车载电池周转方法实施例实现车载电池在第一仓位和第二仓位之间进行周转过程的示意图。
具体实施方式
首先，需要说明的是，以下将以示例方式来具体说明本发明的快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台的结构组成、步骤、特点和优点等，然而所有的描述仅是用来进行说明的，而不应将它们理解为对本发明形成任何的限制。在本文中所使用的技术术语“车载电池”包括但不限于用于为车辆提供动力的电池、电池组、电池包等。
此外，对于在本文所提及的实施例中予以描述或隐含的任意单个技术特征，或者被显示或隐含在各附图中的任意单个技术特征，本发明仍然允许在这些技术特征(或其等同物)之间继续进行任意组合或者删减，从而获得可能未在本文中直接提及的本发明的更多其他实施例。另外，为了简化图面起见，相同或相类似的零部件和特征在同一附图中可能仅在一处 或若干处进行标示。
请结合参考图1和图2，通过这两个附图示意性地显示出了一个根据本发明的快速换电系统实施例的基本结构组成情况，下面就对此进行详细说明。
在该实施例中，快速换电系统包括车辆定位装置1、电池传送装置2、电池仓3、电池周转装置4和电池更换装置5。当需要将车辆上的车载电池进行更换时，将会通过车辆定位装置1使得该车辆被定位在待换电位置中，以便于随后进行换电等操作。作为举例说明，如图1和图2中所给出的X-Y-Z坐标系所示，车辆定位装置1可以包括第一部件和第二部件，以便通过它们分别在车辆的纵向方向(即X轴方向)、横向方向(即Y轴方向)上将该车辆进行定位。对于第一部件来讲，它可以例如采用V形槽结构，以便用来与车辆的车轮进行接触而限制车辆在其纵向方向上产生相对运动。对于第二部件来讲，它可以例如采用推压件用于从车辆的车轮外侧朝向车轮轮毂施加推力，从而限制车辆在其横向方向上产生相对运动。当然，应当理解的是，上述的第一部件和第二部件还可以采用任何的其他适宜结构构造形式来实现，而且就车辆定位装置本身而言，它也被允许包含更多的结构部件来实现对于车辆的定位功能。
电池仓是本发明的快速换电系统中的一个重要组成部分，它设置有两个或者更多个的仓位用来存储车载电池。根据具体应用需要，在本发明中可以将电池仓布置在已被定位于待换电位置中的车辆的一侧或者两侧。如图1和图2所示，在给出的实施例中，电池仓3是被示例性地显示为同时布置在车辆的两侧，并且在每一侧均设置有四个仓位，这些仓位被堆叠布置，其中包括一个位于最下方的第一仓位(附图标记为A或A’)以及三个第二仓位(附图标记为B、C、D或B’、C’、D’)。作为可选情形，上述的第一仓位是被专门构造成仅用于存放车载电池，而第二仓位则是被专门构造成用于提供位于其中的车载电池进行充电。在本发明中，通过构建具有不同使用功能的仓位，将会有助于充分利用电池仓，并且通过结合本发明中的电池传送装置2、电池周转装置等其他装置，尤其能够重新安排并优化换电操作过程中的多个环节，从而可以大幅减少车辆换电时间，在后文中将会对此进行详细说明。
在一些可选的实施例中，为了便于传送车载电池移入或移出仓位，可以在第一仓位A和/或第二仓位B、C、D的内部设置传送部件(未示出)。例如，这样的传送部件可以采用但不限于电机驱动的辊筒或者皮带。当然，本发明也允许采用任何一种或多种适宜方式来将车载电池移入或移出电池仓的仓位。例如，在某些实施例中，可以在快速换电系统中专门为每一个车载电池装配与其相匹配的传送构件，以便借助于这样的传送构件能够将车载电池及 时、方便地传送到快速换电系统中包括各个仓位在内的任意期望位置处。
电池传送装置2、电池周转装置4和电池更换装置5都是本发明的快速换电系统中的用于对车载电池进行相应操作的装置。其中，电池传送装置2在本快速换电系统中是用于运送车载电池，其不仅用于将已从车辆上取下的车载电池传送至电池仓3的仓位中，而且也用于将从电池仓3的仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池传送给电池更换装置5，以便由后者将这个或这些已充满电的车载电池装设到该车辆上，从而完成换电操作。举例而言，电池传送装置2不仅可采用简单易用的辊筒或者皮带形式，而且也有可能采用任何的其他适宜形式。
对于电池周转装置4来讲，它在该本快速换电系统中是用于将车载电池从所放置的电池仓3的仓位根据需要而转移到已空置的另一个仓位中，例如从以上所述的第一仓位转移到第二仓位中，反之亦然。仅作为举例说明，上述的电池周转装置4可以包括电池传送部件和动力部件，前者是用于将放置在该电池传送部件上的车载电池传送至电池仓3中的第一仓位或第二仓位，后者则是用来向电池传送部件提供动力，以便将该电池传送部件移动到如前所述的被堆叠布置的第一仓位或第二仓位，从而便于将车载电池移入或移出该第一仓位或第二仓位。
另外，在该快速换电系统中，电池更换装置5不仅用于在通过车辆定位装置1将车辆定位在待换电位置中之后将待更换的车载电池从该车辆上取下，而且也用于将从电池仓3的仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到该车辆上。
以上分别针对电池传送装置2、电池周转装置4和电池更换装置5的基本构成、功能等方面进行了说明，随后将通过结合图3和图4所展示的示例来对于本发明中的以上这些装置进行更详细的描述。
在图3(a)-(d)中以示意方式示例性地展示了根据上述的快速换电系统实施例来进行车辆换电的大致过程。
首先，如图3(a)所示，在车辆驶入到待换电位置之后，将通过车辆定位装置1来完成对该车辆的定位，并且在车辆定位完毕后，在该示例中的电池更换装置5将从车辆的底部位置处向上升起，然后完成与车身和车载电池之间的定位，准备将该车辆上的车载电池(其可能存在着亏电、出现故障或工作异常等情况)取下。
然后，再如图3(b)所示，当通过电池更换装置5使得车载电池与车辆分离之后，该车载电池将沿着图中所示的Z轴方向下降，并且在下降过程中，当该车载电池接触到电池传送装置2时即由后者来承载该车辆电池，电池更换装置5将会继续下降，直到与电池传送装置2不形成干涉的位置为止。
接下来，再如图3(c)所示，电池传送装置2将已取下的车载电池传送到位于车辆一侧的电池仓3的第一仓位A’，同时也将放置在位于车辆另一侧的电池仓3的第一仓位A中的已充满电的车载电池移出并传送至换电位置，以便随后将该车载电池装设到车辆上。
最后，如图3(d)所示，当上述的已充满电的车载电池就位之后，电池更换装置5将会沿着Z轴方向向上升起，完成该车载电池和车辆的定位以及安装操作。当确认该车载电池已被紧固到车辆上之后，该电池更换装置5将会沿着Z轴方向下降，直至不影响车辆驶出的位置。
至此，在该快速换电系统中完成了一次车辆换电的基本操作。然而，应当指出的是，本发明与现有技术的重要区别之处是在于，在以上换电操作之前、期间或者之后，均允许使用本发明中的电池周转装置来进行车载电池在电池仓的不同仓位之间的周转操作，这尤其能够减少换电时的车载电池交换时间，通过进行非常灵活、巧妙地优化并整合安排各环节，从而可以在单独一个车载电池的总体周转周期并未减少的情况下，实现了新旧车载电池更换可以在同一个操作时段内并行完成，因此对于一个具体的车辆换电操作来讲，就能够极大幅度地缩减了该车辆换电时间。
下面就具体结合图4(a)-(d)来示意性地说明一个实现车载电池在第一仓位和第二仓位之间进行周转的大致过程。为方便起见，以下示例性说明仍然是基于以上述实施例，例如此时将已取下的车载电池放置在位于车辆一侧的电池仓3的第一仓位A’中，并且假设位于车辆另一侧的电池仓3的第二仓位C内的车载电池已被充满电，因此需要将该车载电池从该第二仓位C转移到第一仓位A中，以便等待用于完成下一次换电操作，同时需要将将上述的已取下的车载电池转移至空置后的第二仓位C中进行充电，通过以下操作过程将完成上述的车载电池周转目标。
首先，如图4(a)所示，可以将示例性的电池周转装置4沿着Z轴方向下降到上述的第二仓位C处，然后可以例如通过如前所述的设置在电池仓3的仓位内部的传送部件、或者采用任何的其他适宜方式将已充满电的车载电池移出仓位并传送到该电池周转装置4上。
随后，如图4(b)所示，将电池周转装置4下降到上述的第一仓位A处，以便将电池周转装置4上的已充满电的车载电池移入到该第一仓位A内。
接下来，如图4(c)所示，电池周转装置4将已充满电的车载电池传送到电池仓3的上述第一仓位A，并且将已取下的车载电池从电池仓3的上述第一仓位A’传送到电池周转装置4上，以上这两个操作实际上是可以同时进行的，并且可以理解的是，对于已充满电 的车载电池、已取下的车载电池移入或移出相应的第一仓位A或A’的操作，不仅可以借助于如上所述的设置于仓位内部的传送部件或者其他适宜方式来实现，而且也可以借助于电池传送装置2来实现，这是由于上述的第一仓位A或A’是被布置在电池仓3的最下方位置，因此在具体应用情形下是可以利用该电池传送装置2来充当第一仓位A或A’内部的传送部件，这样的紧凑型设计有利于节省设备成本，提高平台空间的利用率。
最后，如图4(d)所示，电池周转装置4将会装载着已充满电的车载电池移动电池仓3的上述第二仓位C处，然后可以类似于如前所述那样地将该已充满电的车载电池移动到第二仓位C内进行充电，以便于在日后替换其他的亏电电池或故障电池等时使用。
作为明显优于现有技术的一个方面，本发明还提供了一种车载电池周转方法。作为举例来讲，本发明的车载电池周转方法可以包括以下步骤：
步骤A：可以如前所述那样地，将电池仓布置在被定位于待换电位置中的车辆的一侧或者两侧，可以将该电池仓设置成具有两个或更多个仓位，以便用于容纳车载电池，该车载电池可能是已充满电、已亏电或者已部分充电，但是也有可能是出现故障或者存在异常的；
步骤B：将待更换的车载电池从该车辆上取下，并且将从电池仓的仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到该车辆上；以及
步骤C：在执行以上步骤B之前、期间或者之后，本发明方法允许根据实际应用需要来灵活地选择任何适宜的操作时机而将车载电池从所放置的仓位中转移到已空置的另一个仓位中，这有可能是将已取下的车载电池转移到所述另一个仓位中进行充电，也有可能是将已充满电的车载电池转移到所述另一个仓位中以等待将其随后移出并装设到车辆上等多种情况，从而创造性地优化、整合了换电操作过程中的多个环节，实现了大幅减少车辆换电时间的显著效果。
可以理解的是，由于在前文中已经针对车辆的定位操作、电池仓的仓位设置、车载电池的传送以及仓位移入或移出操作等这些技术内容进行了非常详尽的描述，因此可以直接参阅前述相应部分的具体说明，在此不再赘述。
鉴于根据本发明的快速换电系统和车载电池周转方法具有如上所述的显著优于现有技术的技术优势，因此非常适合将在车载电池操作平台上配置这样的快速换电系统、或者将车载电池操作平台设置成用于执行这样的车载电池周转方法。根据本发明所提供的车载电池操作平台克服现有技术中所存在的弊端和不足之处，其尤其解决了在紧凑的平台空间内实现快速换电的技术问题，能够极大地减少车载电池的换电操作时间，这对于进一步推广使用新能源汽车、促进环境保护、提高用户满意度等均具有重要意义。
以上仅以举例方式来详细阐明本发明的快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台，这些个例仅供说明本发明的原理及其实施方式之用，而非对本发明的限制，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本领域技术人员还可以做出各种变形和改进。例如，尽管在优选实施例中，最好能在车辆的两侧同时布置电池仓，并且将电池仓的仓位堆叠布置，然而在一些实际应用场合下，有可能将电池仓仅布置在车辆的一侧，而且有可能将电池仓的仓位采用其他方式进行布置，例如部分仓位堆叠、部分仓位平行布置等，并且仓位的具体使用功能(如存放、充电等)、设置数量、结构尺寸等方面也是可以按照实际需要来自由选定的。此外，本发明并不局限于将电池仓对称地布置在车辆的两侧。再比如，由于在前文示例中，车载电池是被示例性地安装在车辆的底部，然而在实际应用时是可能将车载电池安装布置在车辆上的其他位置处，但是这并不影响到本发明中的例如电池传送装置、电池周转装置、电池更换装置等的具体功能实现，即本发明中的各组成部分完全允许具有任何可能的其他结构构造形式。毫无疑问，本发明还允许在快速换电系统、车载电池周转方法和车载电池操作平台中进一步设置任何其他的未在本文中提及到的合适部件、装置、设备或步骤等。因此，所有等同的技术方案均应属于本发明的范畴并为本发明的各项权利要求所限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种快速换电系统，其特征在于，所述快速换电系统包括：
    车辆定位装置，其被设置成用于将车辆定位在待换电位置中，所述车辆上载有待更换的车载电池；
    电池仓，其被布置在定位于所述待换电位置中的车辆的至少一侧，并且所述电池仓具有至少两个用于容纳车载电池的仓位；
    电池更换装置，其被设置成用于将待更换的车载电池从车辆上取下，并且将从所述仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到车辆上；
    电池传送装置，其被设置成用于将已取下的车载电池传送至所述仓位中，并且将已充满电的车载电池传送给所述电池更换装置；以及
    电池周转装置，其被设置成用于将车载电池从其所放置的仓位中转移到已空置的另一个仓位中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述仓位具有至少一个第一仓位和至少一个第二仓位，所述第一仓位被构造成仅用于供车载电池放置于其中，所述第二仓位被构造成用于供车载电池在其中进行充电。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述第一仓位和/或所述第二仓位的内部设置有用于将车载电池移入或移出仓位的传送部件。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述电池仓被布置在定位于所述待换电位置中的车辆的两侧，所述第一仓位和所述第二仓位被堆叠布置，并且位于车辆的每一侧的所述电池仓仅具有一个第一仓位，该第一仓位被布置所有第二仓位的下方。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述电池周转装置包括：
    电池传送部件，其被设置成用于将放置于其上的车载电池传送至所述第一仓位或所述第二仓位；以及
    动力部件，其被设置成用于提供动力，以将所述电池传送部件移动至被堆叠布置的所述第一仓位或所述第二仓位。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述车辆定位装置包括用于在车辆的纵向方向上对其进行定位的第一部件、以及在车辆的横向方向上对其进行定位的第二部件。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述第一部件包括与车辆的车轮相接触的V形槽，并且所述第二部件包括用于从车轮的外侧朝向轮毂施加推力的推压件。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的快速换电系统，其中，所述电池传送装置为辊筒或者皮 带。
  9. 一种车载电池周转方法，其特征在于，所述车载电池周转方法包括步骤：
    A.在定位于待换电位置中且载有待更换的车载电池的车辆的至少一侧布置电池仓，所述电池仓具有至少两个用于容纳车载电池的仓位；
    B.将待更换的车载电池从车辆上取下，并且将从所述仓位中移出的已充满电的车载电池装设到车辆上；以及
    C.在执行步骤B之前、期间或之后，将车载电池从其所放置的仓位中转移到已空置的另一个仓位中。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车载电池周转方法，其中，在步骤A中，将所述仓位中的至少一个构造成第一仓位以仅用于供车载电池放置于其中，并且将所述仓位中的至少一个构造成第二仓位以用于供车载电池在其中进行充电。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车载电池周转方法，其中，在步骤A中，将所述电池仓布置在定位于所述待换电位置中的车辆的两侧，并且使得所述仓位堆叠布置，并使得位于车辆的每一侧的所述电池仓仅具有一个第一仓位，并且将该第一仓位布置所有第二仓位的下方。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的车载电池周转方法，其中，在步骤C中，将已从车辆上取下的车载电池转移到所述已空置的另一个仓位中进行充电、并且/或者将已充满电的车载电池转移到所述已空置的另一个仓位中以等待将其随后移出并装设到车辆上。
  13. 一种车载电池操作平台，其特征在于，所述车载电池操作平台包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的快速换电系统、或者所述车载电池操作平台被设置成用于执行如权利要求9-12中任一项所述的车载电池周转方法。
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