WO2019078419A1 - Appareil et procédé de planification de l'offre et de la demande d'électricité, et programme informatique - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de planification de l'offre et de la demande d'électricité, et programme informatique Download PDF

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WO2019078419A1
WO2019078419A1 PCT/KR2018/001438 KR2018001438W WO2019078419A1 WO 2019078419 A1 WO2019078419 A1 WO 2019078419A1 KR 2018001438 W KR2018001438 W KR 2018001438W WO 2019078419 A1 WO2019078419 A1 WO 2019078419A1
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power
information
power supply
demand
scheduling
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PCT/KR2018/001438
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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김준성
박희정
최승환
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한국전력공사
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Priority to CN201880002720.8A priority Critical patent/CN109937431B/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/08—Auctions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus, a method and a computer program for a power supply and demand operation scheduling system, and more particularly, to a power supply and demand scheduling apparatus and method for operating a power supply and demand system through a power trading mechanism based on an economic point of view in a new power market including a grid- An operating scheduling apparatus and method, and a computer program.
  • Micro Grid is a kind of Smart Grid system, which means small electric power system that can self-supply electric energy in small area, Small power grid with a renewable energy source and energy storage, and a small power grid that allows it to operate independently or in conjunction with an external large power grid.
  • microgrids are divided into grid-connected type and stand-alone type depending on whether they are grid-connected or not.
  • stand-alone microgrid is limited to physically isolated areas such as island, mountain, and remote areas.
  • the micro grid is attracting much attention as a decentralized system that is out of the existing centralized distribution system because it can receive more power from other networks or operate more flexible system through independent power generation.
  • the present invention relates to a power supply and demand operation scheduling apparatus and method for generating an optimal schedule for operating power supply and demand through a power trading mechanism based on an economic point of view in a new power market including a grid-connected micro grid and an external power market, A computer program is provided.
  • an apparatus for scheduling power supply and demand operations comprising: a demand resource (DR); And a power generation resource including a renewable energy source for supplying power to the demanded resource, an energy storage system (ESS), and a distributed power generator (DG)
  • DR demand resource
  • ESS energy storage system
  • DG distributed power generator
  • the scheduling apparatus further comprising: an operation scheduling algorithm for meeting the power supply and demand constraint of the micro grid and minimizing the generation cost of the power generation resources, in an operating scheduling input information including bidding information of each power generation resource, And calculates operational scheduling result information for operating the power supply and demand of the microgrid including the winning information of each power generation resource.
  • the operation scheduling algorithm includes an objective function for minimizing a power purchase cost required to operate the power supply and demand of the microgrid based on the operation scheduling input information,
  • the scheduling result information is used to calculate the operational scheduling result information.
  • the operational scheduling input information includes information on renewable energy source bidding information including the bidding capacity and the bid price of the renewable energy source, and the energy storage device including the bidding charge quantity and the bid price of the energy storage device.
  • distributed power supply bidding information including bidding information, bidding capacity of the distributed power, and power generation cost function information.
  • the energy storage device bidding information further includes charge / discharge efficiency, maximum storage capacity, maximum allowable SoC (State Of Charge) and minimum allowable SoC information of the energy storage device, The maximum evaporation amount of the power source, the maximum amount of depression, the startup time information, and the stop time information.
  • the operational scheduling result information may include at least one of renewable energy source winning information including the internal usage amount of the renewable energy source and the external sales amount of electricity, the charge amount of the energy storage device, And the distributed power supply winning information including the energy storage device winning information including the total amount of the distributed power supply and the amount of the internal power used by the distributed power supply and the amount of the external sales power.
  • the energy storage device winning information may further include SoC information of the energy storage device, and the distributed power supply winning information may further include startup state information and activation / deactivation information of the distributed power supply .
  • the operation scheduling input information may further include power transaction information with an adjacent micro grid, power trading information between an external power purchase market and an external power sale market, and demand prediction information in the micro grid .
  • the operational scheduling result information may include at least one of adjacent microgrid power trading information including a purchased power amount from the adjacent microgrid and a sales power amount to the adjacent microgrid, a purchase power amount from the external power purchase market, And external power market power transaction information including a sales power amount to an external power market.
  • the operation scheduling algorithm may be configured to calculate, based on the operation scheduling input information, a cost of purchasing power from the renewable energy source, a cost of charging and discharging the energy storage device, The cost of power purchase required to operate the power supply and demand of the micro grid is minimized in consideration of the cost of power trading with the micro grid and the cost of each power trading between the external power purchase market and the external power sale market And the operation scheduling result information is calculated by using the objective function.
  • the operation scheduling algorithm may include: a renewable energy source constraint condition including an output constraint of the renewable energy source; an energy storage device constraint condition including an output constraint of the energy storage device; And an external power market constraint including a power trading constraint with the external power sales market, the power supply constraint being set to calculate the operational scheduling result information in a range that satisfies the power supply constraint condition .
  • the energy storage device constraint condition is set based on the charge / discharge efficiency of the energy storage device, the maximum storage capacity, the minimum allowable SoC, and the maximum allowable SoC so that the energy storage device is operated in the allowable SoC range
  • the distributed power constraint includes at least one of an output variation constraint set based on a maximum evaporation amount and a maximum fall amount of the distributed power source and an output variation constraint set based on the startup time information and the stop time information of the distributed power source
  • the start and stop hold time constraints set on the basis of the start and stop hold time constraints.
  • the external power market constraint condition may be a power constraint for limiting the surplus power among the power generated by the power generation resources included in the micro grid to the adjacent micro grid and the external power sales market And is a transaction constraint.
  • the operation scheduling result information may further include a MGGCP (MicroGrid Market Clearing Price), which is a market liquidation price in the micro grid, and the internal usage amount of the renewable energy source, And the internal power consumption of the distributed power source is settled through the MG MCP.
  • MGGCP MicroGrid Market Clearing Price
  • the amount of external sales electricity of the renewable energy source and the amount of sales electricity to the external electricity sales market are settled through SMP (System Marginal Price), which is a systematic marginal price
  • SMP System Marginal Price
  • the MG MCP is calculated based on the retail price of the external power purchase market, and the MG MCP is calculated at a price equal to or higher than the SMP and equal to or less than the retail price.
  • a method of scheduling a power supply / demand operation including: a DR (Demand Resource); And a power generation resource including a renewable energy source for supplying power to the demanded resource, an energy storage system (ESS), and a distributed power generator (DG)
  • the scheduling apparatus for power supply and demand operation receives input of operational scheduling input information including bidding information of each of the generated resources
  • the power supply and demand operation scheduling apparatus further comprises: An operation scheduling algorithm is applied to the scheduling input information to meet the power supply and demand constraint of the micro grid and to minimize the power generation cost of the power generation resources, thereby operating the power supply and demand of the micro grid including the winning information of each power generation resource And calculating operating scheduling result information .
  • a computer program in accordance with an aspect of the present invention is coupled to hardware to provide a system comprising: a Demand Resource (DR); And a power generation resource including a renewable energy source for supplying power to the demanded resource, an energy storage system (ESS), and a distributed power generator (DG)
  • DR Demand Resource
  • ESS energy storage system
  • DG distributed power generator
  • the apparatus, method and computer program for power supply and demand operation scheduling according to the present invention, it is possible to flexibly respond to a power peak situation and perform more stable system operation, reduce transmission / distribution operation cost and loss cost, And the like can be expected.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a configuration of a micro grid in a power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process of calculating an MG MCP in an apparatus for scheduling power supply / reception operations according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a configuration of a new power market in the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating an appropriate range of the MG MCP in the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an operation scheduling input information, an operation scheduling algorithm, and an operation scheduling result information in a power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a process of calculating a renewable energy source in the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a configuration of an energy storage device in a power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
  • FIGS. 8 to 17 are diagrams illustrating an example of application of the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a power supply / demand operation scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a micro grid in an apparatus for scheduling power supply and demand operations according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an MG MCP in an apparatus for scheduling power supply and demand operations according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary view for explaining a configuration of a new power market in an apparatus for scheduling power supply and supply operations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an appropriate range of the MG MCP in the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an operation scheduling input information, an operation scheduling algorithm, FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a configuration of an energy storage device in the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
  • This embodiment can be applied to both cases of a linked operation state in which the micro grid is operated in conjunction with the upper system and an independent operation state in which the power is self-supplied in the micro grid.
  • a linked operation state in which the micro grid is operated in conjunction with the upper system
  • an independent operation state in which the power is self-supplied in the micro grid.
  • the microgrid may include a demand resource (load) and a power generation resource for supplying power to the demand resource
  • the power generation resource may include a renewable energy source, an energy storage device (ESS) Energy Storage System) and Distributed Generator (DG).
  • the renewable energy source is defined as a renewable power source, such as a solar generator or a wind turbine, which can not control its own power generation.
  • the distributed power source is a power source capable of maintaining a desired output including a cogeneration generator, a diesel generator, .
  • the microgrid is a small power system, and there are constraints to maintain the power balance in the microgrid and to reserve power. Because the constraint characteristics are different for each generation resource included in the microgrid, There is a need to be expressed in a predetermined formula and reflected in the economic dispatch.
  • constraint conditions of power generation resources are mathematically modeled through power supply constraint conditions to perform power supply / demand operation scheduling.
  • the power generation resources in the micro-grid trade electricity through bidding and the costs and the settlement amounts of the demand and power generation amounts of demand and power generation resources in the micro grid are MG MCP MicroGrid Market Clearing Price.
  • the bidding capacity is basically lowered in the order of lower bid price, the order can be changed by the power supply and demand constraint to be described later. That is, the MG MCP can be determined not by the winning bid price but by the power generation resource having the highest bid price among the generated winning resources according to the operation scheduling algorithm to be described later.
  • the new power market is defined as a concept covering the micro grid, the external power market, and the external power purchase market as shown in FIG.
  • the microgrid performs power trading with the external power sales market and the external power purchase market based on the operation scheduling result information calculated through the operation scheduling algorithm to be described later.
  • the power shortage in the micro grid is purchased from the external power purchase market on the basis of the retail price, and surplus power that is not won in the micro grid is sold based on the System Marginal Price (SMP) of the external power sales market.
  • SMP System Marginal Price
  • the settlement of power generation resources in the micro grid and the usage fee of demand resources are calculated.
  • participation and profit of the new power market participants including the micro grid are determined. There is a need to maintain a range of MG MCPs. Referring to FIG.
  • the MG MCP is SMP
  • the MG MCP should be below the retail rate, as demand resources are likely to deviate from the micro grid, as the cost of payment is reduced when purchasing power from the external power purchase market in the micro grid .
  • SMP and retail rates vary by season and time, but basically the SMP tends to be lower than the retail rate, so the appropriate range of MG MCP is above SMP and below the retail rate.
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the preconditions of the present embodiment described above.
  • the apparatus for scheduling power supply and supply operations includes an operation scheduling algorithm for meeting the power supply and demand constraint of the micro grid and minimizing the generation cost of the power generation resources in the operation scheduling input information including the bidding information of each power generation resource, To calculate operating scheduling result information for operating the power supply and demand of the micro grid including the winning information of each generating resource.
  • FIG. 5 shows an overall process of calculating the operational scheduling result information by using the operation scheduling input information and the operation scheduling algorithm by the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus.
  • Operational scheduling algorithms are based on mathematical optimization techniques as described below, and therefore there is a need to first mathematically model the components of the new power market.
  • the new and renewable energy sources have characteristics that can not control power generation by themselves such as solar power generators and wind power generators. And the like.
  • the energy storage device functions as an essential resource for constructing a new power market including the micro grid in terms of functions such as load leveling and output stabilization of renewable energy sources.
  • Demand resources can include various loads such as industrial, commercial, and residential, depending on the resources of the participating customers.
  • the external power purchasing market refers to a target market in which the power shortage in the micro grid is purchased.
  • Korea can be described as Korea Electric Power Corporation, Of the demanded resources can purchase electricity according to the retail charge according to the subscription retailing plan.
  • the external power sales market refers to the target market for surplus power that is not won in the micro grid, and it can be a small power brokerage market to be opened (or already established) in each country. You can sell your electricity.
  • the operation scheduling algorithm of the present embodiment uses an objective function for minimizing the power purchase cost required to operate the power supply and demand of the micro grid and the power supply and demand constraint of the micro grid based on the operation scheduling input information, And may be set in the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus to calculate information.
  • the energy storage device bidding information includes the charge / discharge efficiency ( ⁇ j ), the maximum storage capacity (Cap max, j ), the minimum allowable SoC (State of Charge, SoC min, j ) max, j) the may further comprise, distributed generation bid information is distributed in the maximum amount of evaporation power (RU k) and the maximum amount gambal (RD k), start time information (MUT k, LU k ) and stop time information (MDT K , LD k ).
  • distributed generation bid information is distributed in the maximum amount of evaporation power (RU k) and the maximum amount gambal (RD k), start time information (MUT k, LU k ) and stop time information (MDT K , LD k ).
  • the power receiving and operating scheduling apparatus receives mathematically modeled renewable energy source bidding information as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the electric power generated by the renewable energy source can be divided into a quantity used in the micro grid and a quantity sold to the outside, and the amount of winning bid for the renewable energy source is used in the micro grid And are settled in accordance with the MG MCP, and those not sold are sold under the SMP to the external power sales market.
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling device can receive energy storage device bidding information modeled mathematically as shown in Table 2 below.
  • Item unit Explanation PE j, t kW The amount of bidding charge at time t of energy storage j CE j, t Yuan / kWh
  • the bid unit at time t of energy storage j ⁇ j % Charge / discharge efficiency at time t of energy storage device j Cap max, j kWh
  • the maximum storage capacity at time t of energy storage j SoC min, j % The minimum allowable SOC at time t of energy storage j SoC max, j %
  • the energy storage device is composed of a battery for storing energy and a PCS (Power Conditioning System) for powering in and out.
  • PCS Power Conditioning System
  • the charging and discharging state is indicated by using a sign (PE j, t > 0, and PE j, when discharging) t ⁇ 0).
  • the charging charge is calculated based on the retail charge of the external power purchase market.
  • it is treated as a load during charging and added to the demand term of the power supply and demand constraint as described later, and is treated as a generation resource during the discharge and added to the supply term of the power supply constraint.
  • the amount of energy storage device discharge can be divided into internal consumption amount and external sales volume as well as the amount of renewable energy generation.
  • the energy remaining in the battery of the energy storage device is represented by SoC (State of Charge), and a model that linearly increases with respect to the charging amount can be used. Since the charging / discharging efficiency of the PCS is considered, The discharge quantity should be modeled with each other variable rather than a single variable, and for safe operation of the energy storage device, the energy storage device should be operated within the allowable SoC range. Table 2 shows the result of mathematically modeling the above-mentioned contents.
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling device can receive the energy storage device bidding information modeled mathematically as shown in Table 3 below.
  • a second generation power generation cost function is used. Accordingly, the marginal cost is changed according to the power generation amount.
  • the function can be changed to a linear function or a constant function.
  • a general model is used in the case of a distributed power source, so that the increase / decrease restriction (output fluctuation constraint), the minimum start time and the minimum stop time constraint (start and stop hold time constraints) .
  • the amount of evaporation represents the amount by which the output of the generator is increased by one minute
  • the maximum evaporation amount represents the maximum value of this value
  • the amount of decay represents the amount by which the output of the generator decreases by one minute
  • the maximum decay amount represents the maximum value of this value.
  • the minimum stop time is the minimum time that the generator must be kept in a stopped state before restarting when the generator is stopped, and the minimum startup time must be maintained until the generator is stopped and then stopped again It means minimum time.
  • the time (LU k ) and the time (LD k ) during which the engine was last operated are stored, and the values of LU k and LD k are 0 or more
  • the other value must be a value of zero.
  • the amount of power generated by the distributed power supply can be divided into internal consumption and external sales volume, as well as the amount of power generated by renewable energy sources.
  • Table 3 above shows the result of mathematically modeling the above-mentioned contents.
  • the operation scheduling input information includes power transaction information CBMG l, t , PBMG 1, t , CSMG 1, t , PSMG l, t ), the power trading information (RtlP t , SMP t ), and demand forecast information (Load t ) in the microgrid.
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus can receive mathematically modeled input information as shown in Table 4 below.
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus can calculate operating scheduling result information for operating power supply and demand of the micro grid.
  • operation scheduling result information is renewable internal use energy of the energy source (P_RI i, t) and external sales amount of power (P_RE i, t) for new and renewable energy source, bid information including a and a charge amount of the energy storage device (P_EC j, t), internal use discharge amount (P_EDI j, t) and external sales discharge amount (P_EDE j, t) an energy storage device bid information, and internal use of distributed generation that contains the The distributed power supply winning bid information including the amount of power P_GI k, t and the amount of external sales power P_GE k, t .
  • the energy storage device winning information includes the SoC information (SoC j, t ) of the energy storage device, and the distributed power supply winning bid information includes the starting state information (u k, t ) k, t , ud k, t ).
  • the power supply operation scheduling apparatus can calculate the operation scheduling result information as shown in Table 5 by applying the operation scheduling algorithm to the operation scheduling input information. At this time, as described above, a mathematical optimization technique can be applied to the operation scheduling algorithm, and the operation scheduling algorithm aims at scheduling an hourly schedule for the next 24 hours.
  • the operation scheduling algorithm is based on the operation scheduling input information, and it is based on the information of the power purchase cost from the renewable energy source, the cost due to charging and discharging of the energy storage device, the power generation cost of the distributed power source, And to minimize the cost of purchasing power required to operate the power supply and demand of the micro grid in consideration of the cost of each power trading between the external power purchase market and the external power sale market (that is,
  • the scheduling result information can be set to be calculated using the objective function (for minimization).
  • the objective function can be expressed by the following equation (1).
  • Equation (1) a term relating to the power purchase cost from the renewable energy source ), The cost of purchasing power from renewable energy sources is calculated by multiplying the bid price of new and renewable energy sources by the amount of internal power used by renewable energy sources. In the case of external sales power, It is not reflected in the objective function because it is supposed to be sold directly to the electricity sales market.
  • Equation (1) a term relating to the charge and discharge of the energy storage device
  • the energy storage device since it corresponds to the case where the energy storage device purchases power in the new power market as a load, it takes an (-) sign to reduce the total power purchase cost, The cost of purchasing electricity from the MicroGrid operator is calculated by multiplying the bid price of the energy storage unit by the discharge amount. At this time, the amount of discharge of the energy storage device is divided into the internal use discharge amount and the external sales discharge amount.
  • the microgrid assumes the method in which the operator purchases and sells it to the outside, The sales discharge amount is reflected.
  • Equation (1) the term " ),
  • Equation (2) The f k function at the term of the generation cost of the distributed power source is expressed by the following equation (2).
  • Equation (1) the terms related to the cost of power trading with the adjacent microgrid in Equation (1) will be described.
  • the cost of purchasing power increases.
  • the power is sold to the adjacent microgrid, Since the income is generated, the corresponding income is deducted from the total objective function.
  • Equation (1) a term relating to the cost of each power transaction between the external power purchase market and the external power sale market ), Electric power is purchased according to the retail price in case of purchasing power from the external power purchase market, and electric power is sold in accordance with SMP in case of power sale to the external power sale market.
  • the operating scheduling algorithms can be classified as follows: Renewable energy source constraints including output constraints of renewable energy sources, energy storage device constraints including output constraints of energy storage devices, distributed power constraints including output constraints of distributed power sources, And an external power market constraint including a power trading restriction with an external power sales market.
  • the output constraint of the renewable energy source can be expressed by the following equation (3).
  • the new renewable energy source is bid with a constant bid price per hour, it is expected that the entire amount of the bid amount will be used inside the micro grid or the entire amount will be sold to the outside.
  • the sum of the sales power is equal to the bidding capacity of the renewable energy source.
  • Equation (4) the energy storage device constraint condition is expressed by Equation (4) and Equation (5).
  • Equation (4) are complementarily applied according to the signs of PE j, t .
  • Equations 4 and 5 mean that the charging and discharging amount of the energy storage device should be determined within the bidded schedule, and the bidding charge amount of the energy storage device is assumed to be within the limit of the energy storage device do.
  • the energy storage device constraint in this embodiment is set based on the charge / discharge efficiency of the energy storage device, the maximum storage capacity, the minimum allowable SoC, and the maximum allowable SoC, And may further include range operating constraints.
  • the allowable SoC range operation constraint can be expressed by the following equations (6) to (9).
  • Equation (6) defines the relationship between the charge amount of the energy storage device and SoC. That is, the SoC is calculated according to the SoC of the previous time and the charge amount of the corresponding time (the SoC should be calculated as the product of the input power and the time, but in the present embodiment, the time term is not considered ). Equations 7 and 8 show that SoC j, t according to Equation 6 is kept within the minimum allowed SoC and maximum allowed SoC range provided at the time of bid. Equation (9) represents a constraint condition that the SoC of the scheduling end time is maintained at the minimum SoC, and it is possible to prevent the energy storage device from being used only from the energy storage device according to Equation (9).
  • the amount of power generated by the distributed power supply is divided into the internal power consumption and the external sales power, and the sum should be smaller than the bid capacity.
  • u k, t of the right side must be 1 in order to generate the power greater than 0, which can indicate the starting state of the generator.
  • Equation (11) When the power generation amount is generated by the distributed power source according to Equation (11), u k, t must be 1, and for this, epsilon of Equation (11) has a small value that does not affect the determination of the starting state of the distributed power source Can be set to a constant.
  • the distributed power constraint condition further includes an output fluctuation constraint set on the basis of the maximum evaporation amount and maximum evaporation amount of the distributed power source, and the start and stop hold time constraints set based on the start time information and the stop time information of the distributed power source .
  • the maximum evaporation amount means the limit of the power generation amount per minute
  • the maximum amount of discharge means the limit of the power generation amount per minute.
  • Equation (12) means that the difference between the generation amount of the current time and the generation amount of the previous time should be equal to or less than the maximum evaporation amount
  • equation (13) means that the difference between the generation amount of the previous time and the generation amount of the present time should be less than the maximum amount of evaporation.
  • Equation (14) is expressed as Equation (14).
  • Equation (14) is a sum of variables representing the starting state of the distributed power source for the minimum startup time just before the time when the distributed power source is stopped. If this sum is not less than the minimum start time, ud k, t can be 1, which means that the distributed power can only be stopped if the start state is maintained from 1 hour before to 1 hour before the minimum start time.
  • the minimum stop time means the minimum time during which the stop state must be maintained.
  • the stop hold time constraint can be expressed by Equation (15).
  • Equation (15) is a sum of (1 - variable indicating the starting state of the distributed power source) for the minimum stop time from immediately before the time when the distributed power source is started, and is equal to the sum of the times when stopped before starting. If this sum is greater than the minimum stop time, then du k, t can be 1, which means that the distributed power source can only be started if the stop time is maintained from 1 hour to 1 hour before the minimum stop time.
  • the external power market restriction condition included in the power supply and demand constraint is that only the surplus power generated by the power generation resources included in the micro grid is sold to the adjacent micro grid and the external power sales market This means that the power trading restriction is allowed.
  • the present embodiment employs a configuration that prevents the above-described problems by adding the power trading restriction to the power supply limiting constraint.
  • the amount of internal power used in the micro grid is the amount of power supplied to the demand resource in the micro grid, and the sum of the internal power consumed and the external purchased power must be equal to the sum of the demanded power in the micro grid.
  • the amount of externally purchased power means the sum of the amount of purchased electricity from the external power purchase market and the amount of purchased electricity from the adjacent micro grid.
  • Equation (16) represents the power supply condition in the micro grid.
  • the sales amount of electricity to the external power sales market and the adjacent micro grid must be equal to the sum of the external sales amount among the total generation amount in the micro grid, and it can be expressed by the following equation (17).
  • Equation (17) implies a constraint on external power sales volume.
  • the amount of power generated by the unbundled renewable energy source is not reflected in the equation (17) since it is assumed that the generation of the new and renewable energy source is directly sold to the external power sale market without mediating the micro grid operator.
  • the operation scheduling input information, the operation scheduling result information, the objective function, and the power supply constraint conditions are summarized as follows.
  • FIG. 8 to 17 illustrate an example of performing scheduling for operating the power supply and demand of the new power market by applying the power supply and demand operation scheduling apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the conditions applied to the example shown in Figs. 8 to 17 will be described below.
  • the power generation resources in the micro grid consist of one renewable energy source generator, one energy storage device, and one distributed resource generator.
  • the renewable energy source generator is assumed to have a generating capacity of 12.5MW maximum by borrowing the pattern of the photovoltaic generator, and the energy storage device is assumed to have a capacity of 5MW / 10MWh.
  • the distributed power generators are assumed to be a kind of cogeneration generators, and it is assumed that the minimum startup time and the minimum stopping time are less than one hour, considering that they are small resources.
  • MUT and MDT, LU k and LD k are all set to 0, and the increase / decrease amount is set to a very large number assuming that the increase / decrease speed is sufficient and the maximum output can be reached within one hour.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of renewable energy source bidding information
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of energy storage device bidding information (CE t is assumed to be 100 won / kWh)
  • FIG. 11 shows the electric power transaction information with respect to the external electric power purchase market (for example, the retail price of KEPCO, the high-voltage B-selection II charge for industrial use (applied to the spring and autumn charge plan)), (I.e., SMP) with the electricity sales market
  • FIG. 13 shows demand forecast information in the micro grid.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show the results of the comparison between the total amount of demand and total bidding for each hour, the retail price and the SMP based on the operational scheduling bidding information shown in FIGS. 8 to 13.
  • FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show the results of summarizing the operational scheduling input information and the operational scheduling result information in the above-described examples, respectively.
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus includes an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) that performs an operation scheduling algorithm on operation scheduling input information to calculate operation scheduling result information, And may be implemented as a computer device containing the same hardware.
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a power supply / demand operation scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a power supply / demand operation scheduling method receives operating scheduling input information including bidding information of each power generation resource (S10).
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling apparatus applies an operation scheduling algorithm to meet the power supply and demand constraint of the micro grid and minimize the power generation cost of the power generation resource, to the operation scheduling input information received in operation S10, And calculates operating scheduling result information for operating power supply and demand of the micro grid (S20).
  • the power supply / demand operation scheduling method may be prepared as a computer program for executing steps S10 and S20 in combination with hardware, and may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium to operate the computer program And can be implemented in a general-purpose digital computer.
  • the computer readable recording medium include a ROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk and an optical data storage device, and a carrier wave (for example, transmission via the Internet) .
  • the computer readable recording medium may also be distributed over a networked computer system so that computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed manner.
  • the present embodiment can flexibly cope with the power peak situation, enabling more stable system operation, reducing transmission / distribution operation cost and loss cost, reducing carbon emission, and improving energy efficiency.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil et un procédé de planification de l'offre et de la demande d'électricité, et un programme informatique, lequel appareil de planification de l'offre et de la demande d'électricité d'un micro-réseau (MG) comprend : une ressource demandeuse (DR) ; et des ressources de production d'électricité comprenant une source d'énergie nouvelle et renouvelable, un système de stockage d'énergie (ESS) et un générateur distribué (DG), qui fournissent respectivement de l'électricité à la DR. Des informations de résultat de planification, qui comprennent des informations d'enchère réussie de chacune des ressources de production d'électricité pour l'offre et la demande d'électricité du MG, sont calculées par application, à des informations d'entrée de planification comprenant des informations d'enchère de chacune des ressources de production d'électricité, d'un algorithme de planification pour satisfaire une restriction d'offre et de demande d'électricité du MG et réduire au minimum les coûts de production d'électricité des ressources de production d'électricité.
PCT/KR2018/001438 2017-10-18 2018-02-02 Appareil et procédé de planification de l'offre et de la demande d'électricité, et programme informatique WO2019078419A1 (fr)

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