WO2019075708A1 - 多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜 - Google Patents

多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019075708A1
WO2019075708A1 PCT/CN2017/106956 CN2017106956W WO2019075708A1 WO 2019075708 A1 WO2019075708 A1 WO 2019075708A1 CN 2017106956 W CN2017106956 W CN 2017106956W WO 2019075708 A1 WO2019075708 A1 WO 2019075708A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
soft
endoscope
serpentine
stage
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PCT/CN2017/106956
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周震华
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周震华
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/106956 priority Critical patent/WO2019075708A1/zh
Priority to US16/753,934 priority patent/US20210127947A1/en
Publication of WO2019075708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019075708A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/008—Articulations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00078—Insertion part of the endoscope body with stiffening means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00142—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with means for preventing contamination, e.g. by using a sanitary sheath
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0052—Constructional details of control elements, e.g. handles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0057—Constructional details of force transmission elements, e.g. control wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/01—Guiding arrangements therefore

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medical devices, and in particular to a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, an insertion tube for an endoscope and an endoscope to which the bending tube is applied.
  • endoscopes have been widely used in the medical field, and it is one of the important tools for examining internal organs of the human body. Since its discovery in 1806, the development of endoscopes has gone through the following four stages: rigid tube endoscopes, semi-flexible endoscopes, fiber endoscopes, ultrasound and electronic endoscopes.
  • endoscope types are mainly classified into hard tube endoscopes and hose endoscopes.
  • the hard tube endoscope has high strength and good insertability, but it is easy to stab the inner wall, and since the lens cannot be rotated, only some operations with relatively clear lesion positions can be performed.
  • the Chinese patent document with the application number CN201510770248.0 provides an endoscope curved tube which is simple in structure, convenient in processing, and convenient in component mounting.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention is to include two semi-circular tubular and bendable components, and the two components are butted to form a tubular body having an internal lumen, which is disposed in the axial direction of the component.
  • the endoscope curved tube of the invention is connected by a double component portion to form a curved tube
  • a compression groove can be quickly formed in each component portion during processing, and a guide hole through which the curved guide wire passes can be set in the component portion and a curved guide wire is placed in the guide hole, and
  • the components of the endoscope are disposed on the corresponding components, and finally the two components are connected, and the two components that complete the connection together constitute an endoscope curved tube, and the endoscope is bent by the control of the curved guide wire.
  • the tube is bent in two directions in which the compression groove is provided to complete the function of the endoscope bending tube, thereby rapidly realizing the processing and installation of the endoscope curved tube portion, which can greatly improve Productivity, reduce labor intensity of the workers installed; while the structure is simple, is extremely easy to process, low manufacturing cost, but also to better control of machining accuracy, improve product quality.
  • the endoscope provided in the Chinese Patent Application No. CN201510946003.9 adopts a novel curved tube, which comprises a tube body and a wire body, the tube body and the wire body are integrally formed of a resin material, and have a plurality of notches, The gap divides the tubular body into a plurality of unit sections and a connection portion connected between adjacent unit sections.
  • the wire body is fixed on the inner wall of the pipe body and forms a passage through which the linear transmission member passes.
  • the wire body is at least divided into one group, and each wire body group includes a plurality of wire bodies.
  • the curved tube has a simple structure, and the bending of the curved tube is mainly under the pulling of the linear transmission member, and is realized by the characteristic of the resin material and the gap on the tube body.
  • the tube body and the wire body are integrally formed of a resin material, and the unit sections of the bending tube are connected by their own connecting portions, without complicated connection structure, and the cost is greatly reduced. At the same time, it can also meet the requirements of low-cost disposable endoscopes.
  • the rotation coaxiality of the non-inserted end and the insertion end of the above-mentioned prior art endoscope bending tube is very different, sometimes up to 30 degrees, and the rotation coaxial error at both ends of the curved tube is large, which causes the laser fiber to be large.
  • the self-twisting reduces the service life of the instrument and increases the friction coefficient between the endoscope body and the ureter sheath, making it difficult to use the endoscope to enter the human body cavity, which reduces the surgical efficiency.
  • the invention discloses a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube applied to an insertion portion of an endoscope, characterized in that the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube is transitioned from a non-inserted end to an insertion end by a straight conduit portion having the same inner diameter.
  • the straight conduit portion is a cylindrical catheter having a fully enclosed catheter wall
  • the catheter wall of the transition duct portion is provided with a slit for providing a curved space of the tube body
  • a serpentine catheter The portion includes a plurality of tube segments connected in series, and the tube segments are connected to each other by snapping or hinged, the bending degree of the transition duct portion being greater than the curvature of the straight conduit portion and smaller than the serpentine catheter portion The curvature.
  • the duct wall of the transition duct portion is provided with a spiral slit, and the pitch between the spiral slits of the transition duct portion is equal.
  • transition duct portion and the serpentine catheter portion are connected by an elongated tube section.
  • the serpentine catheter portion comprises a grouped tube segment and an equidistant tube segment from the non-inserted end to the insertion end, the grouped tube segment comprising a plurality of sets of serpentine catheters, each set of serpentine catheters being composed of a plurality of equal length tube segments
  • each group of serpentine catheters is connected by an elongated tube section, and from the non-inserted end to the insertion end, the number of tubes of the serpentine catheter of each group gradually increases.
  • the axial length of the plurality of tube segments of the serpentine catheter portion gradually decreases from the non-inserted end to the insertion end.
  • any of the tube segments has a protrusion that is engageable in a corresponding recess of an adjacent tube segment.
  • the joints on both sides of the convex portion of the serpentine catheter portion have a seam of a certain width.
  • the inner wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs, and each rib is further provided with a traction hole, the traction hole can be used for threading the traction wire, and the multi-section can be controlled by controlling the traction wire Gradient soft and hard bend tubes are bent.
  • the invention also discloses an insertion tube for an endoscope, comprising: a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube as described above; a protective cover covering the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube.
  • the invention also discloses an endoscope comprising: the insertion tube for an endoscope, the control device and the handle as described above; the insertion tube is provided with one or more traction wires, and one end of the traction wire is fixed to the insertion end of the insertion tube The other end is connected to a control device disposed on the handle for controlling the bending of the insertion tube.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, an insertion tube for an endoscope and an endoscope using the same, and a three-stage catheter with different structures is sequentially connected to form a multi-stage gradation.
  • the soft and hard curved tube can increase the coaxial steering ratio of the endoscope insertion tube compared with the conventional endoscope insertion tube, so that the coaxial ratio of the insertion end and the non-insertion end is as close as possible to one to one, greatly
  • the coaxial error of the endoscope insertion tube is reduced, thereby reducing the self-torsion of the laser fiber, prolonging the service life of the instrument, reducing the friction coefficient of the endoscope body and the ureter sheath, reducing the operation difficulty, and having high practical value.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a structure of a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing another side structure of a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a pipe joint structure of a serpentine catheter portion of a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube in a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 5-1 is a schematic view showing a pipe joint structure of a serpentine catheter portion of a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • 5-2 is another schematic structural view of a tube section of a serpentine catheter portion of a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an endoscope using a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube 100 applied to an insertion portion of an endoscope, the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube 100 from a non-inserted end to an insertion end.
  • the straight conduit portion 1, the transition duct portion 2, and the serpentine catheter portion 3 having the same inner diameter are sequentially connected, and the straight conduit portion 1 is a cylindrical conduit having a fully enclosed conduit wall, and the conduit portion of the transition duct portion 2 is A spiral slit 21 is provided for providing a curved space of the tubular body.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 includes a plurality of tubular segments 31 connected in series, and each of the tubular segments 31 has a corresponding first concave portion 33a engageable with the adjacent tubular segments.
  • the first convex portion 32a is
  • the slit of the transition duct portion 2 in the present embodiment is a spiral slit or a mesh slit, and as shown in FIG. 2, the pitch between the spiral slits 21 is equal.
  • Equal pitch design allows the various sections of the transition duct section to have the same torsion for easy operator control.
  • the pitch between the slits 21 can also be changed from large to small or from small to large, so that the hardness of the portion of the conduit changes stepwise along the axial direction to meet the needs of more occasions.
  • the transition duct portion 2 and the serpentine catheter portion 3 are connected by an elongated tube section having an axial length of one or two tube segments, and a serpentine catheter portion.
  • 3 from the non-insertion end to the insertion end comprises a grouping pipe joint portion 3a and an equidistant pipe joint portion 3b, the equidistant pipe joint portion 3b is formed by connecting m standard pipe segments of equal axial length in series;
  • the grouping pipe joint portion 3a comprises a plurality of sets of serpentine catheters and a plurality of elongated tube segments, each set of serpentine catheters being formed by connecting n standard tube segments of equal axial length in series, the length of the elongated pipe segments being greater than the axial length of a standard pipe segment being less than four standards The axial length of the pipe joint.
  • Each group of serpentine catheters is connected by an elongated tube section, and the grouping tube section 3a and the equidistant tube section 3b are connected by an elongated tube section, and the grouping tube section 3a and the transition duct section 2 are lengthened.
  • the pipe joints are connected.
  • n and m are both positive integers, preferably n is less than or equal to 5, and m is a reasonable amount of 10 or more.
  • the grouping tube segment 3a includes four sets of serpentine catheters, wherein the number of tube segments of each group of serpentine catheters from the non-inserting end to the insertion end is gradually increased, as shown in FIG.
  • the number of tube segments is 1, 1, 4, 4; the grouping of the front end of the grouping conduit portion 21
  • the pipe joint portion 3a is formed by connecting 15 standard pipe segments of equal axial lengths in series.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube of the present invention is formed into a flexible front end, and the serpentine catheter portion 3 can be bent into a closed annular shape. After the bending, the axis of the distal end surface of the serpentine catheter portion 3 may be more than 270 degrees from the axis before bending. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube of the present embodiment is gradually weakened from the non-inserted end to the insertion end due to the change of the length of the tube section, so that the equidistant tube section 3b is more
  • the soft bending property is good, and provides good guiding for the insertion of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube; the hardness of the grouping tube joint portion 3a is high, and can play a good supporting role when the equidistant tube joint portion 3b is bent.
  • the arrangement of the two tube segments is not limited to the number provided in the embodiment, and a more detailed design can be performed according to actual needs.
  • the rotation coaxiality of the straight conduit portion 1 is 100%, that is, the rotation axis of the straight conduit portion is always a straight line, and when the one end is angularly offset, the other end also has the same angular offset; the transition duct
  • the duct wall of the portion 2 is provided with a spiral slit 21, which provides space for the tube body to bend, so that the transition duct portion can be bent, and when the one end is angularly offset, the other end is angled.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 connected in series with the insertion end of the transition duct portion 2 includes a plurality of tube segments 31 connected in series, and each of the tube segments 31 can be connected to each other by snapping or hinged, by a plurality of tube segments.
  • the serpentine catheter portion in series can have greater torsion.
  • the traditional single-structure endoscopic bending tube Compared with the traditional single-structure endoscopic bending tube, it can have better controllability, can conform to the internal cavity of the human body and bend forward, and can maximize the coaxial ratio between the insertion end and the non-insertion end.
  • the ground is close to one to one, which greatly reduces the coaxial error of the endoscope insertion tube, thereby reducing the self-torsion of the laser fiber, prolonging the service life of the instrument, and reducing the friction coefficient of the endoscope body and the ureter sheath, thereby reducing the operation difficulty. , has a high practical value.
  • any of the tube segments 31 has a first protrusion 32a that is engageable in a corresponding first recess 33a of an adjacent tube segment, the first protrusion 32a and the first
  • the recesses 33a each extend along the axial direction of the tubular body, and the first convex portion 32a and the first concave portion 33a are matched, and the front end width of the first convex portion 32a is larger than the end width thereof (as indicated by the direction of the arrow in FIG.
  • A is the front end
  • B is the end
  • the front end width of the first concave portion 33a is larger than the end width thereof, so that the first convex portion 32a and the first concave portion 33a are engaged with each other.
  • the length of the straight conduit portion may be 5.5%-6% of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, and the length of the transition duct portion is 82%-83.5% of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, the snake
  • the length of the bone catheter portion is 11%-12% of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard curved tube, wherein the length of the grouped tube portion is about 45% of the length of the serpentine catheter portion.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube conforming to the above length ratio range can obtain the best rotation coaxiality, and those skilled in the art can conceive that the length ratio of each part can also be designed according to actual needs.
  • the joints on both sides of the first convex portion 32a of the serpentine catheter portion 3 have a seam 34 of a certain width, and the joint 34 can provide a curved space of the tubular body, so that the tubular body Bend in the direction in which the through hole is located.
  • the inner wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs 4, and each rib 4 is further provided with a traction hole 41, and the traction hole 41 can be used for wearing
  • the traction wire 42 is provided, and the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube bending can be controlled by controlling the traction wire 42.
  • the inner tube wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs 4 extending from one end of the tube to the other end of the tube, and each rib 4 is further provided with a traction hole 41 for the traction hole
  • the shape of the 41 is not particularly limited as long as the traction hole 41 can be used to thread the pulling wire 42, for example, it can be circular or elliptical, and the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube can be controlled by controlling the pulling wire 42.
  • the tube having the traction holes 41 in the ribs 4 and the ribs 4, the tube with the ribs 4 and the traction holes 41 can be directly prepared by an extrusion die or the like. Directly integrated. The tube can then be made into a bendable tube by a cutting method that is common in the industry.
  • the number of the ribs 4 is two, and the tube can be controlled to bend in two directions when the traction wire 42 is worn; more preferably, the number of the ribs 4 is four, and the traction force is used in multiple directions. The fit allows the tube to be bent at multiple angles.
  • the center line of the tube is taken as an axis, and preferably, the rib 4 is symmetrically disposed in the controllable bending tube.
  • the number of ribs 4 corresponds to the number of pulling wires 42 that are passed therethrough.
  • the ribs 4 are two, that is, there are two traction holes 41 through which the traction wires 42 pass, and the corresponding traction wires 42 are also two, and the insertion end of the endoscope can be controlled in two directions where the traction wires 42 are located.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is made of a metal material or a plastic.
  • Non-metallic materials can be selected from various plastic materials such as nylon, polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).
  • the traction wire 42 is preferably a steel wire, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the traction wire 42 may also be any filament-like structure, and the wire structure may also be any metal or Non-metallic material.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube 100 for use in an insertion portion of an endoscope.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube 100 is a straight conduit having an inner diameter from a non-inserted end to an insertion end.
  • the first portion 1, the transition duct portion 2 and the serpentine tube portion 3 are sequentially connected, and the straight conduit portion 1 is a cylindrical duct having a fully enclosed duct wall, and the duct wall of the transition duct portion 2 is provided with a tube body bending.
  • the slit 21 of the space, the serpentine catheter portion 3 includes a plurality of tube segments 31 connected in series, and the respective tube segments 31 are connected to each other by snapping or hinged, and the bending degree of the transition duct portion is greater than the curvature of the straight conduit portion. And less than the curvature of the serpentine catheter portion.
  • This embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the axial length of the plurality of tube segments 31 of the serpentine catheter portion 3 is gradually reduced from the non-insertion end to the insertion end. Therefore, the insertion end is soft and has good flexibility, and provides good guiding for inserting the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube; the non-insertion end has high hardness and can be used as a transition part of the transition duct portion 2 and the serpentine catheter portion 3. It provides good insertability for multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tubes and has excellent technical effects.
  • any of the tube segments 31 has a first protrusion 32a that is engageable in a corresponding first recess 33a of an adjacent tube segment.
  • the inner wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs 4, and each rib 4 is further provided with a traction hole 41, and the traction hole 41 can be used for threading the traction wire 42.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube bending can be controlled by controlling the pulling wire 42.
  • the inner tube wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs 4 extending from one end of the tube to the other end of the tube, and each rib 4 is further provided with a traction hole 41 for the traction hole
  • the shape of the 41 is not particularly limited as long as the traction hole 41 can be used to thread the pulling wire 42, for example, it can be circular or elliptical, and the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube can be controlled by controlling the pulling wire 42.
  • the tube having the traction holes 41 in the ribs 4 and the ribs 4, the tube with the ribs 4 and the traction holes 41 can be directly prepared by an extrusion die or the like. Directly integrated. The tube can then be made into a bendable tube by a cutting method that is common in the industry.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube applied to an insertion portion of an endoscope.
  • the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube is formed by a straight conduit portion 1 having an inner diameter from a non-inserted end to an insertion end.
  • the transition duct portion 2 and the serpentine catheter portion 3 are sequentially connected.
  • the straight conduit portion 1 is a cylindrical duct having a fully enclosed duct wall, and the duct wall of the transition duct portion 2 is provided with a curved space for providing a duct body.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 includes a plurality of tube segments 31 connected in series, and the respective tube segments are connected to each other by snapping or hinged, and the bending degree of the transition duct portion is greater than the curvature of the straight conduit portion And less than the curvature of the serpentine catheter portion.
  • any of the tube segments 31 has a first protrusion 32a that is engageable in a corresponding first recess 33a of an adjacent tube segment.
  • This embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and the first embodiment and the first embodiment The difference is that, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5-1 and FIG. 5-2, the joints on both sides of the first convex portion 32a of the serpentine catheter portion 3 have a seam 34 of a certain width, part or One side of all the seams 34 is provided with a second convex portion 32b extending along the axial direction of the circular tube, and the other side is provided with a second concave portion extending along the axial direction of the circular tube at a position corresponding to the first convex portion 32a.
  • the second convex portion 32b and the second concave portion 33b are matched, and the front end width of the first convex portion 32a is less than or equal to the end width thereof (as indicated by the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3, A is the front end and B is the end), corresponding to The front end width of the first recess portion 33a is smaller than or equal to the end width thereof, so that the second convex portion 32b can reciprocate in the second recess portion 33b in the direction of the circular tube axial direction.
  • the shape of the second convex portion 32b may be a rectangle, a square or a trapezoid, a triangle, and the shape of the second concave portion 33b may also be a rectangle, a square or a trapezoid, or a triangle.
  • the torsion space reserved between the second convex portion 32b and the second concave portion 33b is small, and the snake bone
  • the angle at which the catheter portion 3 can be twisted is small; when the second convex portion 32b is trapezoidal or triangular and the second concave portion 33b is rectangular or square, when the serpentine catheter portion 3 is twisted in the radial direction thereof, the second convex portion 32b and the The torsion space reserved between the two recessed portions 33b is large, and the angle at which the serpentine catheter portion 3 can be twisted is large.
  • the second convex portion 32b and the second concave portion 33b may also be other shapes that also function as anti-twist, and are not limited to those disclosed in the embodiment.
  • the design of the second convex portion and the second concave portion which can be reciprocated relative to each other can restrict the twist of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube in the radial direction, thereby preventing the insertion position from being deviated due to excessive twisting of the pipe.
  • the twisting or pulling of the wire 42 is reversed, making the operation more convenient.
  • This embodiment discloses an insertion tube for an endoscope, including:
  • the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube and the protective cover covering the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is from the non-inserted end to the insertion end by the straight diameter conduit portion 1 and the transition duct portion having the same inner diameter 2 and the serpentine catheter portion 3 are sequentially connected,
  • the straight conduit portion 1 is a cylindrical conduit having a fully enclosed conduit wall
  • the conduit wall of the transition conduit portion 2 is provided with a spiral narrow portion providing a curved space of the tubular body.
  • the slits 21 are connected to each other by snapping or hinged, and the degree of curvature of the transition duct portion is greater than the curvature of the straight conduit portion and less than the curvature of the serpentine catheter portion.
  • any of the tube segments 31 has a first protrusion 32a that is engageable in a corresponding first recess 33a of an adjacent tube segment.
  • the pitch between the spiral slits 21 of the transition duct portion 2 in the present embodiment is equal. Equal pitch design allows the parts of the transition duct section to have the same torsion for easy access by operators Line control. Further, the pitch between the slits 21 can also be changed from large to small or from small to large, so that the hardness of the portion of the conduit changes stepwise along the axial direction to meet the needs of more occasions.
  • the transition duct portion 2 and the serpentine catheter portion 3 are connected by an elongated tube section having an axial length of one or two tube segments, and a serpentine catheter portion.
  • 3 from the non-insertion end to the insertion end comprises a grouping pipe joint portion 3a and an equidistant pipe joint portion 3b, the equidistant pipe joint portion 3b is formed by connecting m standard pipe segments of equal axial length in series;
  • the grouping pipe joint portion 3a comprises a plurality of sets of serpentine catheters and a plurality of elongated tube segments, each set of serpentine catheters being formed by connecting n standard tube segments of equal axial length in series, the length of the elongated pipe segments being greater than the axial length of a standard pipe segment being less than four standards The axial length of the pipe joint.
  • Each group of serpentine catheters is connected by an elongated tube section, and the grouping tube section 3a and the equidistant tube section 3b are connected by an elongated tube section, and the grouping tube section 3a and the transition duct section 2 are lengthened.
  • the pipe joints are connected.
  • n and m are both positive integers, preferably n is less than or equal to 5, and m is a reasonable amount of 10 or more.
  • the grouping tube segment 3a includes four sets of serpentine catheters, wherein the number of tube segments of each group of serpentine catheters from the non-inserting end to the insertion end is gradually increased, as shown in FIG.
  • the number of pipe segments is 1, 1, 4, 4 in sequence; the grouping pipe joint portion 3a at the front end of the grouping pipe portion 21 is formed by connecting 15 standard pipe segments of equal axial lengths in series.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube of the present invention is formed into a flexible front end, and the serpentine catheter portion 3 can be bent into a closed annular shape. After the bending, the axis of the distal end surface of the serpentine catheter portion 3 may be more than 270 degrees from the axis before bending.
  • the rotation coaxiality of the straight conduit portion 1 is 100%, that is, the rotation axis of the straight conduit portion is always a straight line, and when the one end is angularly offset, the other end also has the same angular offset; the transition duct portion 2
  • the wall of the duct is provided with a spiral slit 21, which provides space for the tube body to bend, so that the transition duct portion can be bent, and when the one end is angularly offset, the other end has a smaller angle.
  • the offset is limited by the limited bending space provided by the slit 21 of the transition duct portion 2.
  • the rotation coaxiality of the portion of the conduit is slightly lower than the rotational coaxiality of the straight conduit portion 1, and the width of the slit can be designed.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 connected in series with the insertion end of the transition duct portion 2 includes a plurality of tube segments 31 connected in series with each other, and the respective tube segments 31 can be connected to each other by snapping or hinged manner, and the plurality of tube segments are connected in series.
  • the resulting canine bone catheter portion can have greater torsion.
  • the traditional single-structure endoscopic bending tube Compared with the traditional single-structure endoscopic bending tube, it can have better controllability, can conform to the internal cavity of the human body and bend forward, and can maximize the coaxial ratio between the insertion end and the non-insertion end.
  • the ground is close to one to one, which greatly reduces the coaxial error of the endoscope insertion tube, thereby reducing the self-torsion of the laser fiber, prolonging the service life of the instrument, and reducing the friction coefficient of the endoscope body and the ureter sheath, thereby reducing the operation difficulty. , has a high practical value.
  • the protective cover is preferably made of one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, block polyether amide elastomer or polyamide.
  • Polyvinyl chloride material has good biocompatibility and good strength, but its hardness is high and its bendability is poor. It can't bend according to the cavity at body temperature; polyamide has good biocompatibility. But its water absorption is better Large, in the complex internal environment of the human body, dimensional stability will be affected to a certain extent, its biocompatibility, strength is slightly worse than polyurethane. However, these two materials are low in cost, widely used in industry, and can also meet the needs of the insertion end of the endoscope.
  • polyurethane and block polyether amide elastomer as the protective sleeve.
  • the polyurethane has good distortion when it encounters human body temperature, and can be bent according to the cavity condition without puncturing. Injures the body tissue, and the polyurethane is non-toxic, has good compatibility with the body tissue, and fully guarantees the bendability of the insertion tube 100;
  • the block polyetheramide elastomer (PEBAX) is a thermoplastic containing no plasticizer.
  • Elastomer good biocompatibility, extremely suitable for human body, it also has a wide range of hardness and good resilience; the properties of polyamide products, with remarkable processing properties and biocompatibility, and excellent Flexibility / softness (wide range, feel, good touch), can provide good guiding and insertion strength for the insertion end; block polyetheramide elastomer has good stability, little change in properties, low temperature is not hardened, corrosion resistance And the aging resistance is strong, and the endoscope made by this endoscope does not change even if it is placed for a long time.
  • a fifth embodiment of the present invention discloses an endoscope 300 including: an insertion tube 200 for an endoscope, a control device 301 and a handle 302; and one or more traction wires 42 are disposed in the insertion tube.
  • One end of the pulling wire 42 is fixedly connected with the insertion end of the insertion tube, and the other end is connected with the control device 301 disposed on the handle 302 for controlling the bending of the insertion tube;
  • the insertion tube 200 for an endoscope comprises: a multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube and a protective cover covering the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube, the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is from the non-insertion end to the insertion end
  • the straight conduit portion 1, the transition duct portion 2, and the serpentine catheter portion 3 having the same inner diameter are sequentially connected, and the straight conduit portion 1 is a cylindrical duct having a fully enclosed duct wall, and the duct wall of the transition duct portion 2 is provided.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 includes a plurality of tube segments 31 connected in series, and the respective tube segments are connected to each other by snapping or hinged, and the curvature of the transition duct portion is It is larger than the curvature of the straight conduit portion and smaller than the curvature of the serpentine catheter portion.
  • the pitch between the spiral slits 21 of the transition duct portion 2 in the present embodiment is equal.
  • Equal pitch design allows the various sections of the transition duct section to have the same torsion for easy operator control.
  • the pitch between the slits 21 can also be changed from large to small or from small to large, so that the hardness of the portion of the conduit changes stepwise along the axial direction to meet the needs of more occasions.
  • the transition duct portion 2 and the serpentine catheter portion 3 are connected by an elongated tube section having an axial length of one or two tube segments, and a serpentine catheter portion. 3 from the non-insertion end to the insertion end including the packet tube
  • the section 3a and the equidistant tube section 3b, the equidistant tube section 3b is formed by connecting m standard tube segments of equal axial length in series;
  • the grouping pipe section 3a includes a plurality of sets of serpentine catheters and a plurality of elongated tube sections
  • Each group of serpentine catheters is made up of n standard tube segments of equal axial length.
  • the length of the elongated pipe segments is greater than the axial length of one standard pipe segment and less than the axial length of the four standard pipe segments.
  • Each group of serpentine catheters is connected by an elongated tube section, and the grouping tube section 3a and the equidistant tube section 3b are connected by an elongated tube section, and the grouping tube section 3a and the transition duct section 2 are lengthened.
  • the pipe joints are connected.
  • n and m are both positive integers, preferably n is less than or equal to 5, and m is a reasonable amount of 10 or more.
  • the grouping tube segment 3a includes four sets of serpentine catheters, wherein the number of tube segments of each group of serpentine catheters from the non-inserting end to the insertion end is gradually increased, as shown in FIG.
  • the number of pipe segments is 1, 1, 4, 4 in sequence;
  • the grouping pipe joint portion 3a at the front end of the grouping pipe portion 21 is formed by connecting 15 standard pipe segments of equal axial lengths in series.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube of the present invention is formed into a flexible front end, and the serpentine catheter portion 3 can be bent into a closed annular shape. After the bending, the axis of the distal end surface of the serpentine catheter portion 3 may be more than 270 degrees from the axis before bending.
  • the rotation coaxiality of the straight conduit portion 1 is 100%, that is, the rotation axis of the straight conduit portion is always a straight line, and when the one end is angularly offset, the other end also has the same angular offset; the transition duct portion 2
  • the wall of the duct is provided with a spiral slit 21, which provides space for the tube body to bend, so that the transition duct portion can be bent, and when the one end is angularly offset, the other end has a smaller angle.
  • the offset is limited by the limited bending space provided by the slit 21 of the transition duct portion 2.
  • the rotation coaxiality of the portion of the conduit is slightly lower than the rotational coaxiality of the straight conduit portion 1, and the width of the slit can be designed.
  • the serpentine catheter portion 3 connected in series with the insertion end of the transition duct portion 2 includes a plurality of tube segments 31 connected in series with each other, and the respective tube segments 31 can be connected to each other by snapping or hinged manner, and the plurality of tube segments are connected in series.
  • the resulting canine bone catheter portion can have greater torsion.
  • the traditional single-structure endoscopic bending tube Compared with the traditional single-structure endoscopic bending tube, it can have better controllability, can conform to the internal cavity of the human body and bend forward, and can maximize the coaxial ratio between the insertion end and the non-insertion end.
  • the ground is close to one to one, which greatly reduces the coaxial error of the endoscope insertion tube, thereby reducing the self-torsion of the laser fiber, prolonging the service life of the instrument, and reducing the friction coefficient of the endoscope body and the ureter sheath, thereby reducing the operation difficulty. , has a high practical value.
  • any of the tube segments 31 has a first protrusion 32a engageable in a corresponding first recess 33a of an adjacent tube segment, the first protrusion 32a and the first recess 33a being
  • the first convex portion 32a and the first concave portion 33a are matched along the axial direction of the tubular body, and the front end width of the first convex portion 32a is larger than the end width thereof (as indicated by the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1, A is the front end, B is The end portion) correspondingly has a front end width of the first recess portion 33a larger than the end width thereof, so that the first convex portion 32a and the first concave portion 33a are engaged with each other.
  • the length of the straight conduit portion may be 5.5%-6% of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, and the length of the transition duct portion is 82%-83.5% of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, the snake
  • the length of the bone catheter portion is 11%-12% of the multi-stage gradual soft and hard curved tube, wherein the length of the grouped tube portion is about 45% of the length of the serpentine catheter portion.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube conforming to the above length ratio range can obtain the best rotation coaxiality, and those skilled in the art can conceive that the length ratio of each part can also be designed according to actual needs.
  • the inner wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs 4, and each rib 4 is further provided with a traction hole 41, and the traction hole 41 can be used for wearing
  • the traction wire 42 is provided, and the multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube bending can be controlled by controlling the traction wire 42.
  • the inner tube wall of the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is formed with one or more ribs 4 extending from one end of the tube to the other end of the tube, and each rib 4 is further provided with a traction hole 41 for the traction hole
  • the shape of the 41 is not particularly limited as long as the traction hole 41 can be used to thread the pulling wire 42, for example, it can be circular or elliptical, and the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube can be controlled by controlling the pulling wire 42.
  • the tube having the traction holes 41 in the ribs 4 and the ribs 4, the tube with the ribs 4 and the traction holes 41 can be directly prepared by an extrusion die or the like. Directly integrated. The tube can then be made into a bendable tube by a cutting method that is common in the industry.
  • the number of the ribs 4 is two, and the tube can be controlled to bend in two directions when the traction wire 42 is worn; more preferably, the number of the ribs 4 is four, and the traction force is used in multiple directions. The fit allows the tube to be bent at multiple angles.
  • the center line of the tube is taken as an axis, and preferably, the rib 4 is symmetrically disposed in the controllable bending tube.
  • the number of ribs 4 corresponds to the number of pulling wires 42 that are passed therethrough.
  • the ribs 4 are two, that is, there are two traction holes 41 through which the traction wires 42 pass, and the corresponding traction wires 42 are also two, and the insertion end of the endoscope can be controlled in two directions where the traction wires 42 are located.
  • the multi-stage grading soft and hard bending tube is made of a metal material or a plastic.
  • Non-metallic materials can be selected from various plastic materials such as nylon, polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).
  • the traction wire 42 is preferably a steel wire, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the traction wire 42 may also be any filament-like structure, and the wire structure may also be any metal or Non-metallic material.
  • the protective cover is preferably made of one selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, block polyether amide elastomer or polyamide.
  • Polyvinyl chloride material has good biocompatibility and good strength, but its hardness is high and its bendability is poor. It can't bend according to the cavity at body temperature; polyamide has good biocompatibility. However, its water absorption is large, and the dimensional stability is affected to some extent in the complex internal environment of the human body, and its biocompatibility and strength are slightly worse than polyurethane. However, these two materials are low in cost, widely used in industry, and can also meet the needs of the insertion end of the endoscope.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-stage gradual soft and hard bending tube, an insertion tube for an endoscope and an endoscope using the same, and a three-stage catheter with different structures is sequentially connected to form a multi-stage gradation.
  • the soft and hard curved tube can increase the coaxial steering ratio of the endoscope insertion tube compared with the conventional endoscope insertion tube, so that the coaxial ratio of the insertion end and the non-insertion end is as close as possible to one to one, greatly
  • the coaxial error of the endoscope insertion tube is reduced, thereby reducing the self-torsion of the laser fiber, prolonging the service life of the instrument, reducing the friction coefficient of the endoscope body and the ureter sheath, reducing the operation difficulty, and having high practical value.

Abstract

一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管（100），应用于内窥镜（300）的插入部，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管（100）自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部（1）、过渡导管部（2）和蛇骨导管部（3）依次相接而成，径直导管部（1）为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部（2）的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的螺旋状的狭缝（21），蛇骨导管部（3）包括多个相互串联的管节（31），各个管节（31）之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接。多段式渐变软硬弯曲管（100）能够提高内窥镜插入管（200）的同轴转向比例，极大地减小内窥镜插入管（200）的同轴误差，从而能够减少激光光纤的自体扭转，延长器械使用寿命，并且降低内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，降低操作难度，具有很高的实用价值。

Description

多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，特别是涉及一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，内窥镜已经被广泛应用于医疗领域，它是用于检查人体内部器官的重要工具之一。从1806年发现至今，内窥镜的发展经历了以下四个阶段：硬管式窥镜、半可屈式内窥镜、纤维内窥镜、超声与电子内窥镜等阶段。现今，内窥镜的种类主要分为硬管式内窥镜和软管式内窥镜。硬管式内窥镜强度高，插入性好，但是容易刺伤内壁，并且由于镜头无法转动，因而只能做一些病灶位置相对明确的手术。对于一些病灶位置不明确的手术，需要不断调整方向观察，因此，需要采用软质的内窥镜。然而，这种软质内窥镜由于材质较软，难以为内窥镜的插入部提供足够的插入性和径向扩张性。为了综合两者的优点，目前出现了多种改进后的内窥镜。
例如申请号为CN201510770248.0的中国专利文件提供了一种结构简单、加工方便、构件安装便捷的内窥镜弯曲管。该发明所采用的技术方案是：包括两个呈半圆管状且可弯曲的组成部，两个所述组成部对接后构成具有内部管腔的管体，在所述组成部的轴线方向上均设置有若干径向分布的提供所述管体弯曲空间的压缩槽，若干所述压缩槽的弧度小于所述组成部的弧度；该发明所述的内窥镜弯曲管利用双组成部连接构成弯曲管管体的形式，在进行加工时，可快速地在每一组成部上开设压缩槽，同时可先在组成部内设置供弯曲导向线通过的导向孔并在导向孔内放置弯曲导向线，并将内窥镜的构件设置在相应的组成部上，最后将两部分组成部连接，完成连接的两个组成部共同构成内窥镜弯曲管，通过弯曲导向线的控制，可使得该内窥镜弯曲管向设置有压缩槽的两个方向弯曲，以完成内窥镜弯曲管的功能，从而快速地实现内窥镜弯曲管部分的加工和安装，能极大地提高生产效率，降低工作人员的安装劳动强度；同时该结构简单，加工极其方便，制作成本低，同时也能更好地控制加工精度，提高产品的质量。
申请号为CN201510946003.9的中国专利文件提供的内窥镜采用一种新型的弯曲管，该弯曲管包括管体和导线体，该管体和导线体由树脂材料一体成型，其具有若干缺口， 该缺口将管体分割成若干单元节和连接于相邻单元节之间的连接部。该导线体固定在管体的内壁上且形成线形传动件穿过的通道，导线体至少分为一组，每个导线体组包括若干个导线体。本弯曲管结构简单，弯曲管的弯曲主要是在线形传动件的拉动下，通过树脂材料本身特性配合管体上的缺口实现。管体和导线体由树脂材料一体成型，弯曲管的单元节靠自身的连接部连接，无复杂的连接结构，成本大大降低。同时，也能满足要求低成本的一次性内窥镜。
上述现有技术的内窥镜弯曲管的非插入端和插入端的旋转同轴性相差很大，有时会高达30度，弯曲管两端的旋转同轴误差很大，这样会导致激光光纤发生较大的自体扭转，降低了器械使用寿命，并且增大了内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，使得使用内窥镜进入人体腔道操作的难度很大，降低了手术效率。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，应用于内窥镜的插入部，其特征在于，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部、过渡导管部和蛇骨导管部依次相接而成，径直导管部为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的狭缝，蛇骨导管部包括多个相互串联的管节，各个管节之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，所述过渡导管部的弯曲度大于所述径直导管部的弯曲度且小于所述蛇骨导管部的弯曲度。
进一步地，过渡导管部的导管壁上设有螺旋状狭缝，过渡导管部的螺旋状狭缝之间的螺距相等。
优选地，过渡导管部和蛇骨导管部之间由加长管节进行连接。
优选地，蛇骨导管部自非插入端到插入端包括分组管节部和等距管节部，分组管节部包括多组蛇骨导管，每组蛇骨导管由多个长度相等的管节串联而成，各组蛇骨导管之间由加长管节进行连接，且从非插入端到插入端，各组所述蛇骨导管的管节数量逐渐增加。
进一步地，蛇骨导管部的多个管节的轴向长度自非插入端到插入端逐渐减小。
优选地，任一管节具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应凹部中的凸部。
优选地，蛇骨导管部的凸部两侧的管节连接处具有一定宽度的接缝。
优选地，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内壁上形成有一个或多个凸棱，每一个凸棱内还设有牵引孔，牵引孔可用于穿设牵引丝，通过控制牵引丝可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。
本发明还公开了一种内窥镜用插入管，包括：如上所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管；包覆于多段式渐变软硬弯曲管上的保护套。
本发明还公开了一种内窥镜，包括：如上所述的内窥镜用插入管、控制装置和手柄；插入管内设有一根或多根牵引丝，牵引丝一端与插入管的插入端固定连接，另一端与设置于手柄上的控制装置相连，用于控制插入管弯曲。
综上所述，本发明涉及的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜，采用结构不同的三段式导管依次相接的方式形成多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，相对于传统的内窥镜插入管而言，能够提高内窥镜插入管的同轴转向比例，使得插入端和非插入端的同轴比最大限度地接近一比一，极大地减小内窥镜插入管的同轴误差，从而能够减少激光光纤的自体扭转，延长器械使用寿命，并且降低内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，降低操作难度，具有很高的实用价值。
为让本发明的上述内容能更明显易懂，下文特举优选实施例，并结合附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
下面将结合附图介绍本发明。
图1为本发明第一实施例中的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的一个侧面结构示意图；
图2为本发明第一实施例中的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的另一个侧面结构示意图；
图3为本发明第一实施例中的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的蛇骨导管部的管节结构示意图；
图4为本发明第一实施例中的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的截面图；
图5-1为本发明第三实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的蛇骨导管部的管节结构示意图；
图5-2为本发明第三实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的蛇骨导管部的管节另一结构示意图；
图6为本发明第五实施例的应用多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内窥镜的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭示的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
现在参考附图介绍本发明的示例性实施方式，然而，本发明可以用许多不同的形式来实施，并且不局限于此处描述的实施例，提供这些实施例是为了详尽地且完全地公开本发明，并且向所属技术领域的技术人员充分传达本发明的范围。对于表示在附图中的示例性实施方式中的术语并不是对本发明的限定。在附图中，相同的单元/元件使用相同的附图标记。
除非另有说明，此处使用的术语(包括科技术语)对所属技术领域的技术人员具有通常的理解含义。另外，可以理解的是，以通常使用的词典限定的术语，应当被理解为与其相关领域的语境具有一致的含义，而不应该被理解为理想化的或过于正式的意义。
第一实施例
如图1所示，本发明第一实施例公开了一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100，应用于内窥镜的插入部，该多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接而成，径直导管部1为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的螺旋状的狭缝21，蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，任一管节31具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应第一凹部33a中的第一凸部32a。
优选地，本实施例中的过渡导管部2的狭缝为螺旋状狭缝或网状狭缝，如图2中所示，螺旋状狭缝21之间的螺距相等。相等的螺距设计可以使得过渡导管部的各部分具有相同的可扭转性，便于操作人员进行控制。进一步地，也可以将狭缝21之间的螺距进行由大到小或由小到大的变化，使得该部分导管的硬度沿着轴向方向逐级变化，以满足更多场合的需求。
本实施例中，如图1中所示，过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3之间由轴向长度为一个或两个管节的轴向长度的加长管节进行连接，蛇骨导管部3自非插入端到插入端包括分组管节部3a和等距管节部3b，等距管节部3b由m个轴向长度相等的标准管节相互串联而成；分组管节部3a包括多组蛇骨导管和多个加长管节，每组蛇骨导管由n个轴向长度相等的标准管节串联而成，加长管节的长度大于一个标准管节的轴向长度小于四个标准管节的轴向长度。各组蛇骨导管之间由加长管节进行连接，分组管节部3a与等距管节部3b之间由加长管节进行连接，以及分组管节部3a与过渡导管部2之间由加长管节进行连接。其中，n和m均为正整数，优选n小于等于5，m大于等于10的合理数量。本实施例中，分组管节部3a包括了4组蛇骨导管，其中自非插入端到插入端的各组蛇骨导管的管节数逐渐增多，如图1中所示，各组蛇骨导管的管节数量依次为1,1,4,4；分组导管部21前端的分组 管节部3a由15个左右轴向长度相等的标准管节串联而成。使得本发明的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管形成柔性良好的前端，蛇骨导管部3可以弯曲成封闭的圆环状。弯曲后，蛇骨导管部3的顶端面的轴线与其弯曲前的轴线的偏角度可以超过270度。由图1中可见，本实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的蛇骨导管部3由于上述管节长度的变化，由非插入端到插入端的刚性逐渐减弱，因此等距管节部3b较软弯曲性好，为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的插入提供了良好的导向性；分组管节部3a的硬度较高，可以在等距管节部3b弯曲时起到良好的支撑作用。其中，两种管节的设置不限于本实施例中所提供的数量，可以根据实际需求进行更为详尽的设计。
本实施例中，径直导管部1的旋转同轴性为100％，即径直导管部的旋转轴线始终为直线，一端发生角度偏移时，另一端也随之发生同样角度的偏移；过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有螺旋状的狭缝21，该螺旋状狭缝21可为管体弯曲提供空间，使得过渡导管部可以发生弯曲，一端发生角度偏移时，另一端随之发生角度较小的偏移，由于过渡导管部2的狭缝21所提供的弯曲空间有限，此部分导管的旋转同轴性略低于径直导管部1的旋转同轴性，可对狭缝的宽度进行设计来满足实际需求；串联于过渡导管部2前方插入端的蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，各个管节31可通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，由多个管节串联而成的蛇骨导管部可以具有更大扭转性。当径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接时，本实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100由非插入端到插入端的刚性逐渐减小，可扭转性逐渐增强，相对于传统的单一结构的内窥镜弯曲管而言，能够具备更好的可控性，既能够顺应人体内部腔道而弯曲前进，又能够使得插入端和非插入端的同轴比最大限度地接近一比一，极大地减小内窥镜插入管的同轴误差，从而减少了激光光纤的自体扭转，延长器械使用寿命，并且降低内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，降低操作难度，具有很高的实用价值。
优选地，如图1和图3中所示，任一管节31具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应第一凹部33a中的第一凸部32a，该第一凸部32a和第一凹部33a均沿着管体的轴向延伸，第一凸部32a和第一凹部33a相配合，第一凸部32a的前端宽度大于其末端宽度(如图1中箭头方向所示，A为前端，B为末端)，相对应地第一凹部33a的前端宽度大于其末端宽度，使得第一凸部32a与第一凹部33a之间相互卡合。当可控弯曲管沿轴向方向拉伸时，由于第一凸部32a的前端宽度较宽，无法由第一凹部33a的较窄的后端通过，使得各个管节31在轴向方向上相卡合而不会过度拉伸，同时也进一步避免了本实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管在径向方向上的过度扭转。
优选地，本实施例中，径直导管部的长度可以为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的5.5％-6％，过渡导管部的长度为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的82％-83.5％，蛇骨导管部的长度为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的11％-12％，其中，分组管节部的长度大约为蛇骨导管部长度的45％。符合上述长度比例范围的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管可以获得最佳的旋转同轴性，本领域技术人员可以想到的是，各个部分的长度比例也可以根据实际的需求进行设计。
优选地，如图2所示，蛇骨导管部3的第一凸部32a两侧的管节连接处具有一定宽度的接缝34，该接缝34并且可以提供管体弯曲空间，使得管体向通孔所在的方向弯曲。
更为优选地，如图4所示，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内壁上形成有一个或多个凸棱4，每一个凸棱4内还设有牵引孔41，牵引孔41可用于穿设牵引丝42，通过控制牵引丝42可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内管壁上形成有从管的一端沿伸到管的另一端的一个或多个凸棱4，每一个凸棱4内还设有牵引孔41，对于牵引孔41的形状没有特殊的限定，只要牵引孔41可用于穿设牵引丝42即可，例如可以为圆形或椭圆形，通过控制牵引丝42可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。制造本发明公开的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管时，可以直接通过挤压模等方法制备具有凸棱4和凸棱4内的牵引孔41的管，带有凸棱4和牵引孔41的管直接一体成型。随后可以通过工业上常见的切割方法，使管成为可弯曲的管。
进一步地，凸棱4的数量为两个，在穿设有牵引丝42时可以控制管朝两个方向弯曲；更优选地，凸棱4的数量为四个，通过多个方向的牵引力之间的配合，可以使管朝多个角度弯曲。
进一步地，在多段式渐变软硬弯曲管内以管的中心线为轴，优选地，凸棱4对称设置于可控弯曲管内。凸棱4的数量对应于其中穿设的牵引丝42的数量。凸棱4为两个时，即具有2个供牵引丝42穿过的牵引孔41，对应的牵引丝42也为两根，可以控制内窥镜的插入端在牵引丝42所在的两个方向上发生弯曲，再通过旋转内窥镜插入管100，可以保证观察到各个角度；当凸棱4为四个时，可以控制内窥镜的插入端在任意方向上发生弯曲，在不用旋转内窥镜的情况下，也可以观察到腔体内的任意角度。
进一步地，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管由金属材料或者塑料制成。非金属材料可以选择如尼龙、聚氨酯(PU)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶(TPU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)等各种塑胶材料。
进一步地，在本优选实施例中，牵引丝42优选为钢丝，但本实用新型并不局限于此，牵引丝42还可以是任何细丝状的结构，细丝状结构还可以选用任何金属或非金属材质。
第二实施例
本发明第二实施例公开了一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100，应用于内窥镜的插入部，该多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接而成，径直导管部1为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的狭缝21，蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，各个管节31之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，过渡导管部的弯曲度大于径直导管部的弯曲度且小于蛇骨导管部的弯曲度。
本实施例是第一实施例的变形例，本实施例与第一实施例不同之处在于，蛇骨导管部3的多个管节31的轴向长度自非插入端到插入端逐渐减小，由此插入端较软弯曲性好，为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的插入提供了良好的导向性；非插入端的硬度较高，可以作为过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3的过渡部分，为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管提供良好的插入性，具有十分优异的技术效果。
优选地，任一管节31具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应第一凹部33a中的第一凸部32a。
如图4所示，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内壁上形成有一个或多个凸棱4，每一个凸棱4内还设有牵引孔41，牵引孔41可用于穿设牵引丝42，通过控制牵引丝42可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内管壁上形成有从管的一端沿伸到管的另一端的一个或多个凸棱4，每一个凸棱4内还设有牵引孔41，对于牵引孔41的形状没有特殊的限定，只要牵引孔41可用于穿设牵引丝42即可，例如可以为圆形或椭圆形，通过控制牵引丝42可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。制造本发明公开的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管时，可以直接通过挤压模等方法制备具有凸棱4和凸棱4内的牵引孔41的管，带有凸棱4和牵引孔41的管直接一体成型。随后可以通过工业上常见的切割方法，使管成为可弯曲的管。
第三实施例
本发明第三实施例公开了一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，应用于内窥镜的插入部，该多段式渐变软硬弯曲管自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接而成，径直导管部1为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的螺旋状的狭缝21，蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，各个管节之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，过渡导管部的弯曲度大于径直导管部的弯曲度且小于蛇骨导管部的弯曲度。
优选地，任一管节31具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应第一凹部33a中的第一凸部32a，本实施例是第一实施例的变形例，本实施例与第一实施例不同之处在于，如图2、图5-1和图5-2所示，蛇骨导管部3的第一凸部32a两侧的管节连接处具有一定宽度的接缝34，部分或全部接缝34的一侧设有沿着圆管轴向延伸的第二凸部32b，另一侧与第一凸部32a相对应的位置处设有沿着圆管轴向延伸的第二凹部33b，第二凸部32b和第二凹部33b相配合，第一凸部32a的前端宽度小于或等于其末端宽度(如图3中箭头方向所示，A为前端，B为末端)，相对应地第一凹部33a的前端宽度小于或等于其末端宽度，使得第二凸部32b可在第二凹部33b内沿着圆管轴向的方向往复运动。
具体地，第二凸部32b的形状可以为矩形、正方形或梯形、三角形，第二凹部33b的形状也可为矩形、正方形或梯形、三角形。当两者均相应地为矩形、正方形或梯形、三角形时，蛇骨导管部3沿其径向扭转时，第二凸部32b和第二凹部33b之间预留的扭转空间较小，蛇骨导管部3可扭转的角度较小；当第二凸部32b为梯形或三角形且第二凹部33b为矩形或正方形时，蛇骨导管部3沿其径向扭转时，第二凸部32b和第二凹部33b之间预留的扭转空间较大，蛇骨导管部3可扭转的角度较大。本领域技术人员可以想到，第二凸部32b和第二凹部33b还可以为其他同样起到防扭转作用的形状，而不仅仅限于本实施例中所公开的。
本实施例通过可作相对作往复运动的第二凸部和第二凹部的设计，能够在径向方向上限制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管扭转，从而防止因管道过度扭转而造成插入位置发生偏移或牵引丝42发生扭转，使得操作更为方便。
第四实施例
本实施例公开了一种内窥镜用插入管，包括：
多段式渐变软硬弯曲管和包覆于多段式渐变软硬弯曲管上的保护套，该多段式渐变软硬弯曲管自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接而成，径直导管部1为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的螺旋状的狭缝21，各个管节之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，过渡导管部的弯曲度大于径直导管部的弯曲度且小于蛇骨导管部的弯曲度。
本实施例中，任一管节31具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应第一凹部33a中的第一凸部32a。优选地，如图2中所示，本实施例中的过渡导管部2的螺旋状狭缝21之间的螺距相等。相等的螺距设计可以使得过渡导管部的各部分具有相同的可扭转性，便于操作人员进 行控制。进一步地，也可以将狭缝21之间的螺距进行由大到小或由小到大的变化，使得该部分导管的硬度沿着轴向方向逐级变化，以满足更多场合的需求。
本实施例中，如图1中所示，过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3之间由轴向长度为一个或两个管节的轴向长度的加长管节进行连接，蛇骨导管部3自非插入端到插入端包括分组管节部3a和等距管节部3b，等距管节部3b由m个轴向长度相等的标准管节相互串联而成；分组管节部3a包括多组蛇骨导管和多个加长管节，每组蛇骨导管由n个轴向长度相等的标准管节串联而成，加长管节的长度大于一个标准管节的轴向长度小于四个标准管节的轴向长度。各组蛇骨导管之间由加长管节进行连接，分组管节部3a与等距管节部3b之间由加长管节进行连接，以及分组管节部3a与过渡导管部2之间由加长管节进行连接。其中，n和m均为正整数，优选n小于等于5，m大于等于10的合理数量。本实施例中，分组管节部3a包括了4组蛇骨导管，其中自非插入端到插入端的各组蛇骨导管的管节数逐渐增多，如图1中所示，各组蛇骨导管的管节数量依次为1,1,4,4；分组导管部21前端的分组管节部3a由15个左右轴向长度相等的标准管节串联而成。使得本发明的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管形成柔性良好的前端，蛇骨导管部3可以弯曲成封闭的圆环状。弯曲后，蛇骨导管部3的顶端面的轴线与其弯曲前的轴线的偏角度可以超过270度。具体地，径直导管部1的旋转同轴性为100％，即径直导管部的旋转轴线始终为直线，一端发生角度偏移时，另一端也随之发生同样角度的偏移；过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有螺旋状的狭缝21，该螺旋状狭缝21可为管体弯曲提供空间，使得过渡导管部可以发生弯曲，一端发生角度偏移时，另一端随之发生角度较小的偏移，由于过渡导管部2的狭缝21所提供的弯曲空间有限，此部分导管的旋转同轴性略低于径直导管部1的旋转同轴性，可对狭缝的宽度进行设计来满足实际需求；串联于过渡导管部2前方插入端的蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，各个管节31可通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，由多个管节串联而成的蛇骨导管部可以具有更大扭转性。当径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接时，本实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100由非插入端到插入端的刚性逐渐减小，可扭转性逐渐增强，相对于传统的单一结构的内窥镜弯曲管而言，能够具备更好的可控性，既能够顺应人体内部腔道而弯曲前进，又能够使得插入端和非插入端的同轴比最大限度地接近一比一，极大地减小内窥镜插入管的同轴误差，从而减少了激光光纤的自体扭转，延长器械使用寿命，并且降低内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，降低操作难度，具有很高的实用价值。
进一步地，保护套优选由选自聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体或聚酰胺中的一种制成。聚氯乙烯材料生物相容性一般、强度稍好，但是其硬度较高，可弯曲性较差，不能够在人体温度下根据腔体需要发生弯转；聚酰胺其生物相容性较好，但是其吸水性较 大，在人体复杂的内环境下，尺寸稳定性会受到一定程度的影响，其生物相容性、强度略差于聚氨酯。但是这两种材料成本低，工业上应用广，同时也能够满足内窥镜插入端的使用需要。
相对于其他生物相容性材料，更优选采用聚氨酯和嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体作为保护套，聚氨酯在遇到人体温度时有很好的扭曲性，可以根据腔体情况弯曲，而不会刺伤肌体组织，并且聚氨酯无毒，与肌体组织具有良好的相容性，同时充分保证了插入管100的可弯曲性能；嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体(PEBAX)，是不含增塑剂的热塑性弹性体，生物相容性好，极其适用于人体内，其还具有相当广泛的硬度范围及良好的回弹性；聚酰胺产品的性质,具有显著的加工性能和生物相容性，同时具有优异的柔顺性/软性(范围广，手感、触感好)，可以为插入端提供良好的导向性和插入强度；嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体稳定性好，性质变化很小，低温不硬化，耐腐蚀和耐老化能力强，以此制成的内窥镜即使长时间放置，结构也不会发生变化。
第五实施例
如图6所示，本发明第五实施例公开了一种内窥镜300，包括：内窥镜用插入管200、控制装置301和手柄302；插入管内设有一根或多根牵引丝42，牵引丝42一端与插入管的插入端固定连接，另一端与设置于手柄302上的控制装置301相连，用于控制插入管弯曲；
其中，内窥镜用插入管200包括：多段式渐变软硬弯曲管和包覆于多段式渐变软硬弯曲管上的保护套，该多段式渐变软硬弯曲管自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接而成，径直导管部1为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的螺旋状的狭缝21，蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，各个管节之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，过渡导管部的弯曲度大于径直导管部的弯曲度且小于蛇骨导管部的弯曲度。
优选地，如图2中所示，本实施例中的过渡导管部2的螺旋状狭缝21之间的螺距相等。相等的螺距设计可以使得过渡导管部的各部分具有相同的可扭转性，便于操作人员进行控制。进一步地，也可以将狭缝21之间的螺距进行由大到小或由小到大的变化，使得该部分导管的硬度沿着轴向方向逐级变化，以满足更多场合的需求。
本实施例中，如图1中所示，过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3之间由轴向长度为一个或两个管节的轴向长度的加长管节进行连接，蛇骨导管部3自非插入端到插入端包括分组管 节部3a和等距管节部3b，等距管节部3b由m个轴向长度相等的标准管节相互串联而成；分组管节部3a包括多组蛇骨导管和多个加长管节，每组蛇骨导管由n个轴向长度相等的标准管节串联而成，加长管节的长度大于一个标准管节的轴向长度小于四个标准管节的轴向长度。各组蛇骨导管之间由加长管节进行连接，分组管节部3a与等距管节部3b之间由加长管节进行连接，以及分组管节部3a与过渡导管部2之间由加长管节进行连接。其中，n和m均为正整数，优选n小于等于5，m大于等于10的合理数量。本实施例中，分组管节部3a包括了4组蛇骨导管，其中自非插入端到插入端的各组蛇骨导管的管节数逐渐增多，如图1中所示，各组蛇骨导管的管节数量依次为1,1,4,4；分组导管部21前端的分组管节部3a由15个左右轴向长度相等的标准管节串联而成。使得本发明的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管形成柔性良好的前端，蛇骨导管部3可以弯曲成封闭的圆环状。弯曲后，蛇骨导管部3的顶端面的轴线与其弯曲前的轴线的偏角度可以超过270度。具体地，径直导管部1的旋转同轴性为100％，即径直导管部的旋转轴线始终为直线，一端发生角度偏移时，另一端也随之发生同样角度的偏移；过渡导管部2的导管壁上设有螺旋状的狭缝21，该螺旋状狭缝21可为管体弯曲提供空间，使得过渡导管部可以发生弯曲，一端发生角度偏移时，另一端随之发生角度较小的偏移，由于过渡导管部2的狭缝21所提供的弯曲空间有限，此部分导管的旋转同轴性略低于径直导管部1的旋转同轴性，可对狭缝的宽度进行设计来满足实际需求；串联于过渡导管部2前方插入端的蛇骨导管部3包括多个相互串联的管节31，各个管节31可通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，由多个管节串联而成的蛇骨导管部可以具有更大扭转性。当径直导管部1、过渡导管部2和蛇骨导管部3依次相接时，本实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管100由非插入端到插入端的刚性逐渐减小，可扭转性逐渐增强，相对于传统的单一结构的内窥镜弯曲管而言，能够具备更好的可控性，既能够顺应人体内部腔道而弯曲前进，又能够使得插入端和非插入端的同轴比最大限度地接近一比一，极大地减小内窥镜插入管的同轴误差，从而减少了激光光纤的自体扭转，延长器械使用寿命，并且降低内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，降低操作难度，具有很高的实用价值。
优选地，如图1中所示，任一管节31具有可卡合于相邻管节的相应第一凹部33a中的第一凸部32a，该第一凸部32a和第一凹部33a均沿着管体的轴向延伸，第一凸部32a和第一凹部33a相配合，第一凸部32a的前端宽度大于其末端宽度(如图1中箭头方向所示，A为前端，B为末端)，相对应地第一凹部33a的前端宽度大于其末端宽度，使得第一凸部32a与第一凹部33a之间相互卡合。当可控弯曲管沿轴向方向拉伸时，由于第一凸部32a的前端宽度较宽，无法由第一凹部33a的较窄的后端通过，使得各个管节31在轴 向方向上相卡合而不会过度拉伸，同时也进一步避免了本实施例的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管在径向方向上的过度扭转。
优选地，本实施例中，径直导管部的长度可以为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的5.5％-6％，过渡导管部的长度为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的82％-83.5％，蛇骨导管部的长度为多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的11％-12％，其中，分组管节部的长度大约为蛇骨导管部长度的45％。符合上述长度比例范围的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管可以获得最佳的旋转同轴性，本领域技术人员可以想到的是，各个部分的长度比例也可以根据实际的需求进行设计。
更为优选地，如图4所示，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内壁上形成有一个或多个凸棱4，每一个凸棱4内还设有牵引孔41，牵引孔41可用于穿设牵引丝42，通过控制牵引丝42可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内管壁上形成有从管的一端沿伸到管的另一端的一个或多个凸棱4，每一个凸棱4内还设有牵引孔41，对于牵引孔41的形状没有特殊的限定，只要牵引孔41可用于穿设牵引丝42即可，例如可以为圆形或椭圆形，通过控制牵引丝42可以控制多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。制造本发明公开的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管时，可以直接通过挤压模等方法制备具有凸棱4和凸棱4内的牵引孔41的管，带有凸棱4和牵引孔41的管直接一体成型。随后可以通过工业上常见的切割方法，使管成为可弯曲的管。
进一步地，凸棱4的数量为两个，在穿设有牵引丝42时可以控制管朝两个方向弯曲；更优选地，凸棱4的数量为四个，通过多个方向的牵引力之间的配合，可以使管朝多个角度弯曲。
进一步地，在多段式渐变软硬弯曲管内以管的中心线为轴，优选地，凸棱4对称设置于可控弯曲管内。凸棱4的数量对应于其中穿设的牵引丝42的数量。凸棱4为两个时，即具有2个供牵引丝42穿过的牵引孔41，对应的牵引丝42也为两根，可以控制内窥镜的插入端在牵引丝42所在的两个方向上发生弯曲，再通过旋转内窥镜插入管100，可以保证观察到各个角度；当凸棱4为四个时，可以控制内窥镜的插入端在任意方向上发生弯曲，在不用旋转内窥镜的情况下，也可以观察到腔体内的任意角度。
进一步地，多段式渐变软硬弯曲管由金属材料或者塑料制成。非金属材料可以选择如尼龙、聚氨酯(PU)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶(TPU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)等各种塑胶材料。
进一步地，在本优选实施例中，牵引丝42优选为钢丝，但本实用新型并不局限于此，牵引丝42还可以是任何细丝状的结构，细丝状结构还可以选用任何金属或非金属材质。
进一步地，保护套优选由选自聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、嵌段聚醚酰胺弹性体或聚酰胺中的一种制成。聚氯乙烯材料生物相容性一般、强度稍好，但是其硬度较高，可弯曲性较差，不能够在人体温度下根据腔体需要发生弯转；聚酰胺其生物相容性较好，但是其吸水性较大，在人体复杂的内环境下，尺寸稳定性会受到一定程度的影响，其生物相容性、强度略差于聚氨酯。但是这两种材料成本低，工业上应用广，同时也能够满足内窥镜插入端的使用需要。
综上所述，本发明涉及的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜，采用结构不同的三段式导管依次相接的方式形成多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，相对于传统的内窥镜插入管而言，能够提高内窥镜插入管的同轴转向比例，使得插入端和非插入端的同轴比最大限度地接近一比一，极大地减小内窥镜插入管的同轴误差，从而能够减少激光光纤的自体扭转，延长器械使用寿命，并且降低内窥镜体与输尿管鞘的摩擦系数，降低操作难度，具有很高的实用价值。
此外，本发明上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何本领域技术人员皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，应用于内窥镜的插入部，其特征在于，所述多段式渐变软硬弯曲管自非插入端到插入端由内径相等的径直导管部、过渡导管部和蛇骨导管部依次相接而成，所述径直导管部为具有全封闭式导管壁的圆筒状导管，所述过渡导管部的导管壁上设有提供管体弯曲空间的狭缝，所述蛇骨导管部包括多个相互串联的管节，各个管节之间通过卡合或铰接的方式相互连接，所述过渡导管部的弯曲度大于所述径直导管部的弯曲度且小于所述蛇骨导管部的弯曲度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，其特征在于，所述过渡导管部的导管壁上设有螺旋状狭缝，所述螺旋状狭缝之间的螺距相等。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的渐变式可控弯曲管，其特征在于，所述过渡导管部和所述蛇骨导管部之间由加长管节进行连接。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，其特征在于，所述蛇骨导管部自非插入端到插入端包括分组管节部和等距管节部，所述分组管节部包括多组蛇骨导管，每组蛇骨导管由多个长度相等的所述管节串联而成，各组所述蛇骨导管之间由加长管节进行连接，且从非插入端到插入端，各组所述蛇骨导管的管节数量逐渐增加。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，其特征在于，所述蛇骨导管部的多个所述管节的轴向长度自非插入端到插入端逐渐减小。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，其特征在于，任一所述管节具有可卡合于相邻所述管节的相应凹部中的凸部。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，其特征在于，所述蛇骨导管部的所述凸部两侧的管节连接处具有一定宽度的接缝。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管，其特征在于，所述多段式渐变软硬弯曲管的内壁上形成有一个或多个凸棱，所述每一个凸棱内还设有牵引孔，所述牵引孔可用于穿设牵引丝，通过控制所述牵引丝可以控制所述多段式渐变软硬弯曲管弯曲。
  9. 一种内窥镜用插入管，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求1-8中任一项所述的多段式渐变软硬弯曲管；
    包覆于所述多段式渐变软硬弯曲管上的保护套。
  10. 一种内窥镜，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求9所述的内窥镜用插入管、控制装置和手柄；所述插入管内设有一根或多根牵引丝，所述牵引丝一端与所述插入管的插入端固定连接，另一端与设置于所述手柄上的所述控制装置相连，用于控制所述插入管弯曲。
PCT/CN2017/106956 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 多段式渐变软硬弯曲管、应用该弯曲管的内窥镜用插入管和内窥镜 WO2019075708A1 (zh)

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US16/753,934 US20210127947A1 (en) 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Multi-section bending tube having graduated rigidity, insertion tube for endoscope using the bending tube, and endoscope

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