WO2019069943A1 - Procédé de production de composant de palier - Google Patents

Procédé de production de composant de palier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019069943A1
WO2019069943A1 PCT/JP2018/036925 JP2018036925W WO2019069943A1 WO 2019069943 A1 WO2019069943 A1 WO 2019069943A1 JP 2018036925 W JP2018036925 W JP 2018036925W WO 2019069943 A1 WO2019069943 A1 WO 2019069943A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat treatment
temperature
sample
bearing
component
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PCT/JP2018/036925
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
敬史 結城
美有 佐藤
大木　力
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Ntn株式会社
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Publication of WO2019069943A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019069943A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a bearing component, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing a bearing component including heat treatment.
  • Atmosphere furnace heat treatment is usually used for heat treatment in the manufacturing process of bearing components.
  • atmosphere furnace heat treatment is not suitable for small lot production of bearing parts because mass production is assumed.
  • induction heating is suitable for small lot production because the heating time is short and the bearing parts are treated individually (one treatment). Further, compared to the above-described heat treatment furnace, the induction heating apparatus can be activated and deactivated instantaneously, so it is not necessary to always arrange personnel in order to keep the heat treatment furnace operated as in the above heat treatment furnace. . From these advantages, induction heating is widely used for heat treatment of machine parts made of steel with a carbon concentration of about 0.5%.
  • JP-A-2006-083412 As a technique of applying induction heating to the entire hardening of a part made of high carbon chromium bearing steel (for example, JIS standard SUJ2) which is an example of a material of the bearing part, it is disclosed, for example, in JP-A-2006-083412. There is something.
  • JP-A-2006-083412 there is disclosed a technique for controlling the heating temperature and the heating time to be within predetermined ranges.
  • the above-mentioned JP-A-2006-083412 does not disclose a specific range of heating temperature, heating time, a cooling method after heating, and a reason for determining the same.
  • the carbon concentration of JIS standard SUJ2 often used as a material of bearing parts is about 1.0%.
  • the bearing component consisting of SUJ2 before heat treatment all carbon is present as carbide.
  • the conventional atmosphere furnace heat treatment conditions are used such that about 60% of carbon in the bearing components dissolves in the matrix. By performing the heat treatment under such conditions, it is said that the performance as a bearing is the highest.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and an object of the present invention is to use a heat treatment method in which hydrogen is less likely to intrude into bearing parts and local heating such as induction heating is performed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a bearing component capable of achieving the same or more characteristics as in the case of using the atmosphere furnace heat treatment.
  • a method of manufacturing a bearing component according to the present disclosure includes the steps of preparing a steel processing target component to be a bearing component and performing a heat treatment for heating and cooling the processing target component.
  • the step of performing the heat treatment includes a step of performing heat treatment of heating the processing target component locally to a heat treatment temperature of 900 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less, and the heated processing target component using an oil coolant. And cooling.
  • the carbide area ratio in the processing target part after the step of performing the heat treatment is Y (unit:%) and the heat treatment temperature is X (unit: ° C.) 6.600 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 X 2 ⁇ 1.205 X + 5.539 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ Y 1.160 ⁇ 10 -3 X 2 -2.094X + 9.472 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ Y
  • the conditions of the heat treatment are determined so as to satisfy the following relationship.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing a bearing using the method of manufacturing a bearing component according to the present embodiment. A method of manufacturing a bearing according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the material preparation step (S10) is performed. Specifically, a steel processing object to be a bearing component is prepared.
  • a steel member to be a bearing component such as an outer ring, an inner ring, and a rolling element of a bearing is prepared.
  • the steel that constitutes the object to be processed is, for example, a high carbon chromium bearing steel.
  • the heat treatment step (S20) includes a heat treatment step (S21) for locally heating the object to be processed and a cooling treatment step (S22) for cooling the object to be heated.
  • the heating temperature (heat treatment temperature) of the heating area in the object to be processed in the heat treatment step (S21) can be, for example, 900 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less.
  • the above relationship indicates the area above the solid line showing Equation 1 and the dotted line showing Equation 2 in FIG.
  • the dotted line graph (equation 2) is above the solid line (graph of equation 1) and in the region where the heat treatment temperature is 950 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less.
  • the upper region of the graph of (1) is a region satisfying the above relationship.
  • a relationship between a carbide area ratio and a heat treatment temperature of 900 ° C. ⁇ X ⁇ 950 ° C. and 8% ⁇ Y ⁇ 12% may be adopted. This relationship is shown as shaded in FIG.
  • any method may be used as long as it is a means for locally heating the object to be processed, but for example, induction heating can be used.
  • the heat treatment temperature and the soaking time are determined so as to satisfy the above relationship.
  • the heat processing temperature means the surface temperature of the part currently heated in the workpiece.
  • the heat treatment temperature is maintained within the predetermined temperature range. It may be an average value of the surface temperature of the object to be processed during the period (for example, 60 seconds before the start of cooling to the start of cooling, or 30 seconds before the start of cooling to the start of cooling).
  • the heat treatment temperature is a constant temperature before the start of cooling.
  • the heat treatment temperature can be measured, for example, using a radiation thermometer.
  • the soaking time is, for example, a predetermined temperature range including the heat treatment temperature (for example, a temperature range of heat treatment temperature ⁇ 30 ° C.) after the surface temperature of the portion heated in the workpiece becomes equal to or higher than the heat treatment temperature. It means the time maintained at (more preferably, the time maintained at a predetermined temperature range above the heat treatment temperature). In practice, the time from the surface temperature of the heated portion of the object to be processed to the heat treatment temperature or higher and the start of cooling of the object to be processed can be used as the soaking time.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 a heat pattern as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be used.
  • the horizontal axis is time (unit: second), and the vertical axis is heat treatment temperature (unit: ° C.).
  • FIG. 3 shows the case where the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C. and the soaking time is about 60 seconds.
  • FIG. 3 shows the case where the heat treatment temperature during the soaking time is almost as set.
  • FIG. 4 shows the case where the soaking time is about 30 seconds, and the heat treatment temperature during the soaking time fluctuates to some extent.
  • the object to be processed is cooled in the cooling treatment step (S22), the object to be processed (for example, a heated region) is cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the Ms point using an oil-based coolant.
  • the object to be processed may be cooled from the heat treatment temperature described above to a temperature of 500 ° C. or less.
  • Ms point means the point corresponded to the temperature which starts martensite formation here. In this way, a quench-hardened layer can be formed in the area that has been heated in the object to be processed.
  • the entire object to be processed may be cooled, or only the heated region may be cooled.
  • any method can be used as a method of cooling the processing object.
  • a method of cooling the processing object a method of immersing the processing object in a bath containing an oil-based coolant, or a method of spraying an oil-based coolant on the processing object may be used.
  • the oil-based coolant is a coolant mainly composed of oil.
  • oil mineral oil can be used. Also, additives may be added to the oil.
  • the post-processing step (S30) is performed. Specifically, a cleaning process of the object to be processed, and a machining process such as a grinding process and a polishing process may be performed.
  • a machining process such as a grinding process and a polishing process
  • bearing components such as an inner ring, an outer ring, and rolling elements are manufactured from the object to be processed.
  • the above steps (S10) to (S30) correspond to the method of manufacturing the bearing component of this embodiment.
  • an assembly process (S40) is performed.
  • the bearing is manufactured by assembling the bearing component obtained by the above-described method of manufacturing the bearing component.
  • the method of manufacturing the bearing according to the present embodiment is implemented.
  • the quality of the object to be processed after heat treatment can be made equal to or higher than in the case of using the atmosphere furnace heat treatment, so bearing components and bearings having characteristics equal to or more than the case of using the atmosphere furnace heat treatment It can be manufactured.
  • the workpiece in the step of performing heat treatment (heat treatment step (S21)), the workpiece may be heated by induction heating as described above .
  • induction heating can easily perform startup and shutdown of the heating apparatus and is suitable for manufacturing bearing components in small lots, bearings of the same or higher quality as those using atmosphere furnace heat treatment Parts can be easily manufactured in small lots.
  • the steel constituting the component to be processed may be high carbon chromium bearing steel.
  • the quality after heat treatment equal to or higher than that in the case of using the atmosphere furnace heat treatment for the bearing component made of high carbon chromium bearing steel.
  • the conditions of the heat treatment may be determined so as to satisfy the following relationship. In this case, the quality of the object to be processed after the heat treatment can be reliably made equal to or higher than the case of using the atmosphere furnace heat treatment.
  • the allowable solid solution concentration range of carbon inside the bearing component is determined by investigating the range of the heat treatment temperature at which the value of these characteristics is equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat treated product. Then, by using the range of the solid solution amount of carbon and the range of the heating temperature described above, when the entire bearing component is included in the range, it can be determined that the quality is equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product. .
  • the carbide area ratio in the processing object (bearing part) after heat treatment was used as a substitute index. It is possible to calculate an approximate amount of solid solution of carbon from the carbide area ratio.
  • the carbide area ratio before heat treatment is calculated to be 15.1% from the above carbon concentration.
  • Table 2 shows the heat treatment time (unit: second) necessary to obtain a predetermined carbide area ratio when each heating temperature is employed. For example, it is shown in Table 2 that when the heating temperature is 900 ° C., the heat treatment time is required to be 316 seconds to make the carbide area ratio 4%.
  • a steel ring made of JIS standard SUJ2 having a size of 60.3 mm in outer diameter, 53.7 mm in inner diameter, and 15.3 mm in axial direction is induction heated by a single turn coil.
  • the output of the power supply (for supplying power to the coil) connected to the coil is controlled by feeding back the measured temperature of the ring surface (the surface of the portion being inductively heated by the coil), and the ring surface Temperature is raised to a predetermined temperature (specifically, 900.degree. C., 950.degree. C. or 1000.degree. C.).
  • the time for the temperature of the ring surface to rise to the above-described predetermined temperature from the start of the heat treatment is, for example, about 5 seconds.
  • the power supplied to the coil is controlled so as to hold the ring for a specific time (heat treatment time) at the predetermined temperature (soaking). Then cool the ring.
  • heat treatment time a specific time
  • the ring was cooled by immersing the ring in oil having a temperature of 70 ° C. (quenching treatment).
  • quenching treatment the heat pattern shown in FIG. 3 can be adopted as the heat pattern of such heat treatment.
  • tempering was performed on the ring.
  • the tempering conditions were a tempering temperature of 180 ° C. and a holding time of 2 hours, which are standard conditions.
  • the bearings change in size as the residual austenite decomposes during use. In order to reduce the accuracy of the bearing, the dimensional change is required to be less than a certain standard.
  • the dimensional change rate is defined as (absolute value of D 1 ⁇ D 0 ) / D 0 when the outer diameter of the sample before the treatment is D0 and the outer diameter of the sample after the treatment is D1. Be done.
  • the measurement position of the outer diameter of the sample was the same position before and after the high temperature holding.
  • the samples which can ensure the aged dimensional stability equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product from this result have a carbide area ratio of 8% and 12% when the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C and 950 ° C.
  • the sample has a carbide area ratio of 12% when the heat treatment temperature is 1000.degree.
  • the carbide area ratio is 4.0% or more
  • the heat treatment temperature is In the case of 950 ° C., the carbide area ratio is 4.8% or more, and in the case where the heat treatment temperature is 1000 ° C., the carbide area ratio is 8.9% or more.
  • the column of indentation depth shows the average value of the indentation depths measured for a plurality of samples for each sample
  • the column of standard deviation shows the standard deviation of the data of the indentation depth.
  • the samples for which the indication in the judgment column is OK and "-" exhibit static load capacity equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product.
  • the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C. and 950 ° C.
  • the samples having a carbide area ratio of 8% and 12% show static load capacity equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product.
  • the area at which the quality equal to or higher than that of the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product can be secured.
  • the heat treatment temperature is 950 ° C.
  • the carbide area ratio is 4.8% or more.
  • the heat treatment temperature is 1000 ° C.
  • the carbide area ratio is 13.2% or more.
  • the crushing strength may be required for the bearings, and the following tests were performed.
  • the sample in which the display of the judgment column is "-" can exhibit a crush strength equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product.
  • the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C. and 950 ° C.
  • a sample having a carbide area ratio of 8% and 12% can exhibit a crush strength equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product.
  • the carbide area ratio is 4 when the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C. when a range capable of ensuring the quality equal to or higher than the atmosphere furnace heat treated product is calculated.
  • the heat treatment temperature is 950 ° C.
  • the carbide area ratio is 5.4% or more.
  • the heat treatment temperature is 1000 ° C.
  • the carbide area ratio is 9.3% or more.
  • Table 6 shows the range of the carbide area ratio which is equal to or higher than the quality of the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product obtained from the approximation function of each test result.
  • the approximation function can be obtained as follows: Aging size: 6.600 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 X 2 ⁇ 1.205 X + 5.539 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ Y (Conditional Expression 1) Static load capacity: 1.160 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 X 2 ⁇ 2.094 X + 9.472 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ Y (Conditional Expression 2) Collapse test: 5.000 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 X 2 ⁇ 8.970 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 X + 4.063 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ Y (conditional expression 3) It becomes.
  • Y is a carbide area ratio (%)
  • X is a heat treatment temperature (° C.).
  • the range in which the quality equal to or higher than that of the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product can be ensured is the case where the carbide area ratio Y satisfies the conditional expressions 1 to 3 in the heat treatment temperature X range of 900 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less.
  • conditional expression 3 may not be taken into consideration.
  • the range in which the quality equal to or higher than that of the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product can be ensured is when the carbide area ratio Y satisfies the conditional expression 1 and the conditional expression 2 in the heat treatment temperature range of 900 ° C. or more and 1000 ° C. or less.
  • the amount of hydrogen intruded into the bearing component also affects the bearing characteristics. Specifically, it is known that delayed fracture occurs due to hydrogen intruding into the bearing component.
  • the inventors focused on the coolant used in the cooling process after induction heating, and investigated the influence of the difference in the coolant on the amount of hydrogen entering the bearing component.
  • a coolant As a coolant, bright quenching oil (bright quenching oil H-2050 manufactured by Nippon Grease Co., Ltd.) or a water-soluble coolant (Solqueque WP-2000S manufactured by Nippon Grease Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • a quenching oil As a coolant, the ring was cooled by immersing the ring in quenching oil at 70 ° C.
  • an aqueous solution As a coolant, the ring was cooled by immersing the ring in an aqueous solution at 30 ° C.
  • the said sample was cooled by immersing the heated sample in hardening oil. Thereafter, the sample was tempered.
  • the atmosphere furnace heat treatment conditions were a temperature of 850 ° C. in the atmosphere furnace and a holding time of 2 hours.
  • an endothermic modified gas called RX gas (registered trademark) composed of gases such as nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen was used.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of thermal desorption analysis.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 indicates the temperature, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of hydrogen released from the sample per minute.
  • the test result indicated by 1 is the test result of the sample subjected to the atmosphere furnace heat treatment.
  • the test result shown by 2 is a test result of a sample cooled using an aqueous solution after induction heating.
  • the test result shown by 3 is a test result of a sample cooled using quenching oil after induction heating.
  • No. Sample No. 1 and No. 1 No. 3 is compared with No. 3 sample. It can be seen that hydrogen penetrates into the sample 1.
  • No. Sample No. 1 and No. 1 The conditions after the cooling process are the same as for the sample No. 3, but the method of the heat treatment is different. From this, No. It is considered that hydrogen penetrated into the sample 1 at the time of heat treatment.
  • the atmosphere furnace heat treatment the heat treatment is performed in a mixed gas containing propane, butane and hydrogen as described above. It is considered that hydrogen contained in the mixed gas intruded into the sample during heating.
  • the induction heat treatment the heat treatment is performed in the atmosphere or in an inert gas, so the sample is not heated in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. Therefore, it is considered that hydrogen did not penetrate into the sample during heating.
  • No. Sample No. 2 and No. No. 3 is compared with No. 3 sample. It can be seen that hydrogen is intruding into the second sample. No. Sample No. 2 and No. The samples No. 3 and No. 3 differ from each other only in the cooling treatment conditions. It is considered that hydrogen penetrated from the aqueous solution during the cooling process to the sample No. 2.
  • No. Sample No. 1 and No. 1 No. 2 is compared with sample No. 2. No. 2 than No. 2 sample. It can be seen that a large amount of hydrogen is invading the sample 1. From this, it can be understood that the amount of hydrogen entering during the atmosphere furnace heat treatment is larger than the amount of hydrogen entering from the aqueous solution during the cooling process.
  • the induction heat-treated product can ensure the quality more than the atmosphere furnace heat-treated product. Also, from the viewpoint of the amount of hydrogen intruding into the bearing parts, bearing parts of higher quality can be manufactured using an oil-based coolant rather than a water-soluble coolant.
  • a water-soluble coolant generally has a higher cooling capacity than an oil-based coolant. Therefore, by induction heating only the surface area of the object to be heated and then spraying the water-soluble coolant to the object to be heated, the heat can be instantaneously cooled before it diffuses to the inside, and a very thin hardening is achieved. Layers can be created.
  • a water-soluble coolant is used, not only the surface heat but also the internal heat can be reduced quickly even if it is intended to obtain a thick hardened layer, so a structure other than martensite is mixed It can be expected to be effective in preventing such situations. Since such an effect can be expected, a water-soluble coolant is often used during the cooling process. However, when considered from the viewpoint of the amount of hydrogen intruding into the bearing components, bearing components of higher quality can be manufactured using an oil-based coolant rather than a water-soluble coolant.
  • the present embodiment is particularly advantageously applied to a method of manufacturing a bearing component using induction heating.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un composant de palier permettant d'obtenir des caractéristiques égales ou supérieures à celles obtenues lorsqu'un traitement thermique en four atmosphérique est réalisé. Le procédé de fabrication selon l'invention comprend une étape de préparation d'un composant en acier à usiner qui doit devenir un composant de palier et une étape de réalisation de traitement thermique dans laquelle le composant à usiner est chauffé puis refroidi. L'étape de réalisation de traitement thermique comprend une étape consistant à effectuer un traitement par chauffage dans lequel le composant à usiner est chauffé localement et ainsi chauffé à une température de traitement thermique de 900 à 1000°C, ainsi qu'une étape consistant à effectuer un traitement de refroidissement dans lequel le composant chauffé à usiner est refroidi au moyen d'un agent de refroidissement à base d'huile. Dans l'étape de réalisation de traitement par chauffage, les conditions de traitement sont définies de sorte que, lorsque le rapport de surface de carbure dans le composant à usiner après l'étape de réalisation de traitement thermique est indiqué par Y (l'unité étant %) et la température de traitement thermique est indiquée par X (l'unité étant °C), les expressions relationnelles 6,600 × 10-4X2 – 1,205X + 5,539 × 102 < Y 1,160 × 10-3X2 – 2,094X + 9,472 × 102 < Y soient satisfaites.
PCT/JP2018/036925 2017-10-04 2018-10-02 Procédé de production de composant de palier WO2019069943A1 (fr)

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JP2017-194360 2017-10-04

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012149327A (ja) * 2011-01-21 2012-08-09 Ntn Corp 軌道輪の製造方法
JP2017008400A (ja) * 2015-06-25 2017-01-12 Ntn株式会社 軸受部品の製造方法
WO2018123469A1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Ntn株式会社 Composant de palier et son procédé de fabrication

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012149327A (ja) * 2011-01-21 2012-08-09 Ntn Corp 軌道輪の製造方法
JP2017008400A (ja) * 2015-06-25 2017-01-12 Ntn株式会社 軸受部品の製造方法
WO2018123469A1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Ntn株式会社 Composant de palier et son procédé de fabrication

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