WO2019069628A1 - 自動車用合せガラス、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
自動車用合せガラス、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019069628A1 WO2019069628A1 PCT/JP2018/033386 JP2018033386W WO2019069628A1 WO 2019069628 A1 WO2019069628 A1 WO 2019069628A1 JP 2018033386 W JP2018033386 W JP 2018033386W WO 2019069628 A1 WO2019069628 A1 WO 2019069628A1
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- Prior art keywords
- glass plate
- glass
- mass
- thickness
- plate
- Prior art date
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to laminated glass for automobiles and a method of manufacturing the same.
- laminated glass for automobiles which is used for window glass of automobiles, is laminated glass having different thicknesses, and the thickness of the glass sheet disposed on the outdoor side is 1.45 mm to 1
- a structure has been proposed in which the thickness of the glass plate disposed on the indoor side is 1.0 mm to 1.4 mm and the thickness of the glass plate disposed on the indoor side is smaller (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the laminated glass for automobiles has a curved structure
- the two glass sheets need to be formed in the same curved shape. Therefore, the two glass plates are heated in the vicinity of the softening point temperature of each glass plate in an overlapping state, and are bent and formed (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3). In the said method, shaping
- Patent Document 2 is a forming furnace for bending and forming two stacked glass sheets, under which the glass sheet (upper side glass sheet) disposed on the upper side is more easily heated (ie, the upper side) In order to equalize the curved shapes of the two glass plates in the case where the glass plates arranged in the above are more easily bent), the lower glass plates are more likely to be softened more quickly Disclose that. And as a structural example, making infrared absorptivity of the glass plate arrange
- Patent document 3 makes it a subject that a thin glass plate deforms more easily than a thick glass plate at the time of bending by heating, and a glass plate having a viscosity of a thin glass plate is thin under a temperature atmosphere for bending the glass plate.
- the glass composition of each glass plate is adjusted so as to have a viscosity lower than that of
- the glass plate disposed indoors thin in order not to reduce the rigidity of the glass plate disposed outside the vehicle.
- a thin glass plate is more easily deformed than a thick glass plate at the time of bending by heating, it becomes difficult to form two sheet glasses into the same curved shape.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass structure which is easy to form a glass plate disposed on an inner side and an outer side of a vehicle into the same curved shape when using a thin glass plate.
- the laminated glass for automobiles of the present invention is A thermoplastic interlayer, and a curved first glass plate disposed on the outdoor side and disposed opposite to each other via the thermoplastic interlayer, and a curved second glass plate disposed on the indoor side.
- the difference between the annealing temperatures of the first and second glass plates is within ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the difference of the softening point temperatures is within ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the first glass plate is 0.1% by mass to 0.5% by mass
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the second glass plate is 0% by mass to 0.05% %
- the thickness of the first glass plate is 1.1 times to 1.4 times the thickness of the second glass plate.
- the flat plate-like first glass plate and the flat plate-like second glass plate are stacked, they are heated to the vicinity of the softening point and curved and formed into a desired shape by the self weight bending method or press forming method Forming a glass sheet, and Laminating the curved first glass plate and the second glass plate via a thermoplastic interlayer; And a laminating step of thermocompression bonding the thermoplastic interlayer, the first glass plate, and the second glass plate, Between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, the first glass plate and the second glass plate have an annealing temperature difference within ⁇ 5 ° C., and a softening point temperature difference within ⁇ 5 ° C.
- the difference between The FeO content in the glass composition of the first glass plate is 0.1% by mass to 0.5% by mass,
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the second glass plate is 0% by mass to 0.05% by mass,
- the thickness of the second glass plate is 0.5 mm to 1.8 mm,
- the thickness of the first glass plate is 1.1 times to 1.4 times the thickness of the second glass plate.
- the bending of the glass sheet is governed by the viscosity of the glass sheet, so when the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet have the same or similar glass composition, under static temperature conditions, The bending behavior of the two glass plates is expected to be equal regardless of the thickness of the glass plate.
- the first and second glass plates are heated under the given time from room temperature to bending temperature, and the dynamic conditions are such that the factor of the bending behavior of the glass plate is more It becomes complicated.
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the first glass plate is 0.1% by mass to 0.5% by mass
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the second glass plate is 0% by mass to 0.05 Since the first glass plate has a thickness of 1.1% to 1.4 times the thickness of the second glass plate, and the thickness of the first glass plate is two or more at the time of bending of the glass plate. Was successful in making the glass plate of the same curved shape.
- the annealing temperature and the softening point temperature can be obtained according to JIS R 3103-2 (2001) and JIS R 3103-1 (2001), respectively.
- the laminated glass for an automobile according to the present invention has a structure in which even when a thin glass plate is used, it is easy to form the glass plates disposed on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side into the same curved shape. ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes easy to provide the laminated glass for motor vehicles which contributes to weight reduction.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the cross section of the laminated glass for automobiles of the present invention.
- the automotive laminated glass 1 includes a thermoplastic intermediate film 3 and a curved first glass plate 21 and a curved second glass plate 22 disposed to face each other via the thermoplastic intermediate film.
- first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 those obtained by processing the flat first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 into a curved shape are used.
- materials of the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 both of them are known glasses such as aluminosilicate glass and borosilicate glass in addition to soda lime silicate glass as defined in ISO 16293-1
- the composition can be used.
- the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 may be obtained by a float process.
- the annealing point temperature between the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 is the difference, and the difference between the softening point temperatures is within ⁇ 5 ° C. and ⁇ 5 ° C., respectively.
- the annealing temperature is 500 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the softening point temperature is 700 ° C. to 800 ° C. .
- the glass composition which comprises both glass plates which has such a thermophysical property can apply a thing substantially the same or similar, and the annealing point temperature of the 1st glass plate 21 and the 2nd glass plate 22
- the glass composition is selected such that the difference in the softening point temperature is within ⁇ 5 ° C. and ⁇ 5 ° C., respectively.
- the temperature difference between the respective physical properties is preferably within ⁇ 4 ° C., preferably ⁇ 3 ° C., in order to ensure that the glass compositions constituting both glass plates are substantially the same or similar.
- the inside may be, more preferably, within ⁇ 2 ° C., and still more preferably, within ⁇ 1 ° C.
- each component is mass%, SiO 2; 60% ⁇ 80% , preferably from 64% to 77%, more preferably 67% ⁇ 74% Al 2 O 3; 0% ⁇ 20%, preferably from 0% to 12%, more preferably from 0% to 6% Na 2 O: 10% to 20%, preferably 10% to 18%, more preferably 10% to 15% K 2 O: 0% to 8%, preferably 0% to 5%, more preferably 0% to 3% MgO: 0% to 15%, preferably 0% to 12%, more preferably 0% to 6% CaO: 0% to 15%, preferably 3% to 13%, more preferably 5% to 10% Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 equivalent); 0.2% to 2%, preferably 0.2% to 1.8%, More preferably 0.2% to 1.6% FeO: 0.1% to 0.50%, preferably 0.1% to 0.45% More preferably, 0.1% to 0.40% And those containing The component amount of the iron oxide is the component amount in terms of Fe 2
- each component is mass%, SiO 2; 60% ⁇ 80% , preferably from 64% to 77%, more preferably 67% ⁇ 74% Al 2 O 3; 0% ⁇ 20%, preferably from 0% to 12%, more preferably from 0% to 6% Na 2 O: 10% to 20%, preferably 10% to 18%, more preferably 10% to 15% K 2 O: 0% to 8%, preferably 0% to 5%, more preferably 0% to 3% MgO: 0% to 15%, preferably 0% to 12%, more preferably 0% to 6% CaO: 0% to 15%, preferably 3% to 13%, more preferably 5% to 10% Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 equivalent); 0% to 0.15%, preferably 0% to 0.13%, More preferably, 0% to 0.11%
- FeO include those containing 0% to 0.05%, preferably 0% to 0.04%, and more preferably 0% to 0.03%.
- the component amount of the iron oxide is the component amount in terms of Fe 2 O 3 and therefore includes the overlap with the component amount of FeO.
- barium oxide, zirconium oxide, sulfur oxide or the like may be contained as an optional component to the extent that the effect of the present invention is impaired, for example, up to 1.0 mass%.
- FIG. 2 is a figure which shows typically the principal part of the apparatus for verifying the bending behavior of the glass plate at the time of heating.
- FIG. 3 is a figure which shows typically the measuring method of the amount of bending of the glass plate sample bent by dead weight through heating.
- the environment in which the jigs 4 arranged at an interval of 34 mm are placed is 470 ° C. Place the glass plate sample 2s on the jig 4 as shown in FIG. 2, and heat the environment at a heating rate of 6 ° C./min to 630 ° C., 640 ° C., or 650 ° C. Holding at 630 ° C., 640 ° C., or 650 ° C. for 1 minute, the glass plate sample 2sb bent by its own weight is removed from the environment. -As the amount of bending of the glass plate sample 2sb, the distance shown by the arrow in FIG. 3, that is, the amount of bending was measured based on the flat glass plate sample 2s.
- the glass plate B With respect to the glass plate B, a thickness which gives the same amount of deflection as the glass plate A having a thickness of 1 mm was determined. As a result, when the maximum temperatures reached 630 ° C., 640 ° C., and 650 ° C., the amount of deflection of the glass plate A was 0.2 mm, 0.35 mm, and 0.5 mm, respectively. And the thickness of the glass plate which became the same deflection amount with the glass plate B is 0.7 mm-0.9 mm, 0.8 mm, respectively, in the case of maximum reach
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the first glass plate is 0.1% by mass to 0.5% by mass
- the FeO content in the glass composition of the second glass plate is 0% by mass to 0.05% by mass
- the thickness of the first glass plate 21 is the thickness of the second glass plate 22. If it is 1 to 1.4 times, it is possible to easily form the glass plates disposed on the vehicle interior and the vehicle exterior into the same curved shape.
- the above thickness ratio may be further 1.1 times to 1.3 times from the viewpoint of easy formation into the same curved shape.
- the amount of FeO in the glass composition is affected not only by the amount of iron oxide (in terms of Fe 2 O 3 ), but also by the amount of oxidizing agent and reducing agent in the glass raw material, and the redox conditions of the atmosphere in the glass melting furnace .
- components that affect the redox conditions include cerium oxide, titanium oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, selenium and the like, and for the purpose of adjusting the amount of FeO, these components are used as the first glass plate
- the glass composition of or the glass composition of the second glass plate may contain, for example, 0% by mass to 3% by mass.
- the thickness of the glass plates 21 and 22 is 0.7 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.7 mm to 1.7 mm in the case of the glass plate 21 from the viewpoint of easy formation into the same curved shape. , And more preferably 0.7 to 1.4 mm. And in the case of the said glass plate 22, 0.5 mm-1.6 mm, Preferably 0.5 mm-1.4 mm, More preferably, 0.5-1.1 mm, Still more preferably, 0.5 mm-0.9 mm It may be
- the thermoplastic interlayer 3 is formed by combining the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 by heating, and is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), acrylic resin (PMMA) Urethane resin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cycloolefin polymer (COP), etc. can be used.
- the intermediate layer may be made of a plurality of resins.
- the laminated glass 1 for an automobile it is desirable to heat near the softening point of both glass plates in a state where the flat first glass plate 21 and the flat second glass plate 22 are stacked.
- the method comprises a bonding step of thermocompression bonding the first glass plate 21, the thermoplastic intermediate film 3, and the second glass plate 22.
- FIG. 4 is a view schematically illustrating a step of bending the planar first and second glass plates 21 and 22 in the method of manufacturing the laminated glass 1 for an automobile according to the present invention.
- the step of forming the glass plate As shown in FIG. 4, a state in which the planar first glass plate 21 and the planar second glass plate 22 are stacked such that the main surfaces of both glass plates face each other. Then, each lath plate is heated to near the softening point, and is curved into a predetermined shape.
- the vicinity of the softening point refers to a range from a temperature higher by 50 ° C. than the softening point temperature to a temperature lower by 150 ° C. from the softening point temperature.
- the stacked glass plates 21 and 22 are placed on a ring mold and passed through a heating furnace, and the glass plates 21 and 22 are heated and softened, and bent and formed into a predetermined shape by gravity.
- a self weight bending method of cooling is used. Furthermore, a press forming method in which the glass plates 21 and 22 are preformed by a self-weight bending method, and then the glass plates 21 and 22 are sandwiched between a ring mold and a press mold and heated and pressurized to form and cool. May be used. Among these forming methods, it is preferable to adopt a self-weight bending method.
- the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 are heated at a heating rate of 3 to 100 ° C./minute from a temperature range of 200 to 400 ° C. to near the softening point.
- the sheet After being conveyed in the preheating zone for heating and preheating, the sheet may be conveyed to the self-weight bending forming zone of the glass sheet, and may be curved and cooled to a desired shape in the forming zone.
- the glass plates 21, 22 may be transported using transport rolls.
- first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate be overlapped via a release agent.
- this mold release agent ceramic powder etc. which are not melted at the time of heating near the softening point of a glass plate are used suitably.
- the thermoplastic interlayer 3 the concave main surface of the first glass plate 21 and the convex main surface of the second glass plate 22 are disposed to face each other, and the laminate before forming the laminated glass is formed.
- the laminated body is held at 100 to 150 ° C. for 15 to 60 minutes while being pressure-bonded by thermocompression bonding, for example, 1.0 to 1.5 MPa, whereby a laminated glass 1 for an automobile as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- the thermocompression bonding can be performed, for example, in an autoclave.
- the space between the plastic middle layer 3 and each of the glass plates 21 and 22 is degassed. Is preferable.
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Abstract
【課題】本発明は、薄い厚さのガラス板を用いた場合における、車内側、車外側に配置されるガラス板を同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすい、合せガラス構造を提供することを課題とする。 【解決手段】自動車用合せガラスであって、 熱可塑性中間膜層、及び前記熱可塑性中間膜層を介して対向して配置された、室外側に配置される湾曲した第一ガラス板と、室内側に配置される湾曲した第二ガラス板とを備え、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、 前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0質量%~0.05質量%であり、 前記第二ガラス板の厚さが0.5mm~1.8mmであり、 前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、こと。
Description
本発明は、自動車用合せガラス、及びその製造方法に関する。
自動車では、年々、ガソリン燃料や、電気などのエネルギー効率向上が要求されてきており、それに使用される部材の軽量化が求められてきている。この背景のもと、自動車の窓ガラスに使用される、自動車用合せガラスでは、各ガラス板の厚みが異なる合せガラスであって、室外側に配置されるガラス板の厚みを1.45mm~1.8mm、室内側に配置されるガラス板の厚みを1.0mm~1.4mmとし、室内側に配置されるガラス板の方の厚みを薄いものとする、構造が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
自動車用合せガラスは、湾曲した構造を有しているため、2枚の板ガラスは、同一の湾曲形状に成形されている必要がある。そのため、2枚のガラス板は、重ねられた状態で、各ガラス板の軟化点温度近傍に加熱されて、曲げ成形される(例えば、特許文献2、3参照)。当該方法では、2枚のガラス板の同一の湾曲形状への成形が技術的課題となる。特許文献2は、積層された2枚のガラス板を曲げ成形するための成形炉にて、上側に配置されたガラス板(室内側のガラス板)の方が加熱されやすい条件下(すなわち、上側に配置されたガラス板の方が曲がりやすい)での、2枚のガラス板の湾曲形状を同等とするために、下側に配置されるガラス板の方が早く軟化されやすい構成のものとすることを開示している。そして、その構成例として、下側に配置されるガラス板の赤外吸収性を高いものとすることが開示されている。特許文献3は、加熱による曲げ成形時には、薄いガラス板は、厚いガラス板よりも変形しやすいことを課題とし、ガラス板を曲げ成形する温度雰囲気下で、厚いガラス板の粘度が、薄いガラス板の粘度よりも低い粘度となるように各ガラス板のガラス組成を調整している。
自動車用合せガラスの軽量化のためには、車外側に配置されるガラス板の剛性を下げないために、室内側に配置されるガラス板を薄いものとすることが好ましい。しかし、前途したように、加熱による曲げ成形時に、薄いガラス板は、厚いガラス板よりも変形しやすいので、2枚の板ガラスを、同一の湾曲形状に成形することが難しいものとなる。
本発明は、薄い厚さのガラス板を用いた場合における、車内側、車外側に配置されるガラス板を同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすい、合せガラス構造を提供することを課題とする。
本発明の自動車用合せガラスは、
熱可塑性中間膜、及び前記熱可塑性中間膜を介して対向して配置された、室外側に配置される湾曲した第一ガラス板と、室内側に配置される湾曲した第二ガラス板とを備え、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、
前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0質量%~0.05質量%であり、
前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、ことを特徴とするものである。
熱可塑性中間膜、及び前記熱可塑性中間膜を介して対向して配置された、室外側に配置される湾曲した第一ガラス板と、室内側に配置される湾曲した第二ガラス板とを備え、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、
前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0質量%~0.05質量%であり、
前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、ことを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の自動車用合せガラスの製造方法は、
平板状の第一ガラス板と、平板状の第二ガラス板とを重ねた状態で、軟化点近傍まで加熱して自重曲げ成形法、又はプレス成形法によって、所望の形状に湾曲成形して冷却する、ガラス板の成形工程と、
曲化した前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とを、熱可塑性中間膜を介して積層する、積層工程と、
前記熱可塑性中間膜と、第一ガラス板と、第二ガラス板とを熱圧着する、合せ化工程とを備え、
前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板は、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、
前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0質量%~0.05質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板の厚さが0.5mm~1.8mmであり、
前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、ことを特徴とするものである。
平板状の第一ガラス板と、平板状の第二ガラス板とを重ねた状態で、軟化点近傍まで加熱して自重曲げ成形法、又はプレス成形法によって、所望の形状に湾曲成形して冷却する、ガラス板の成形工程と、
曲化した前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とを、熱可塑性中間膜を介して積層する、積層工程と、
前記熱可塑性中間膜と、第一ガラス板と、第二ガラス板とを熱圧着する、合せ化工程とを備え、
前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板は、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、
前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0質量%~0.05質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板の厚さが0.5mm~1.8mmであり、
前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、ことを特徴とするものである。
ガラス板の曲げ成形は、ガラス板の粘度に支配されるので、第一ガラス板と、第二ガラス板とが、同じガラス組成や、近似したガラス組成からなる場合、静的な温度条件では、2枚のガラス板の曲げ挙動はガラス板の厚さによらず同等になると見込まれる。しかしながら、工業的な生産条件においては、第一、第二ガラス板は、室温から曲げ成形温度まで所定時間で、加熱される、動的な条件となるので、ガラス板の曲げ挙動の要因はより複雑となる。
厚いガラス板の粘度が、薄いガラス板の粘度よりも低い粘度となるように各ガラス板のガラス組成を調整することは一つの解決手段のように思われる。しかしながら、その場合、各ガラス板が、異なる徐冷点温度、異なる軟化点温度を持つため、ガラス板の曲げ挙動の要因をより複雑なものとするおそれがある。本発明の合せガラス、及び合せガラスの製造方法においては、まず、第一、第二ガラス板の徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内として、この懸念が無いものとした。
その上で、前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量を0.1質量%~0.5質量%、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0質量%~0.05質量%とし、さらには、前記第一ガラス板の厚さを、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍としているので、ガラス板の曲げ成形時において、2枚のガラス板を同等の湾曲形状とすることに奏功した。
尚、前記徐冷点温度、前記軟化点温度は、それぞれ、JIS R 3103-2(2001年)、JIS R 3103-1(2001年)に従って得るこができる。
本発明の自動車用合せガラスは、薄い厚さのガラス板を用いた場合でも、車内側、車外側に配置されるガラス板を同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすい構造である。本発明によれば、軽量化に資する自動車用の合せガラスを提供しやすくなる。
本発明の自動車用合せガラス1を図面で説明する。図1は、本発明の自動車用合せガラスの断面を概略的に説明するものである。自動車用合せガラス1は、熱可塑性中間膜3、及び前記熱可塑性中間膜を介して対向して配置された、湾曲した第一ガラス板21と湾曲した第二ガラス板22とを備える。前記第一ガラス板21、前記第二ガラス板22としては、平板の第一ガラス板21、第二ガラス板22が湾曲形状に加工されたものが使用される。第一ガラス板21、第二ガラス板22の材質としては、双方とも、ISO16293-1で規定されているようなソーダ石灰珪酸塩ガラスの他、アルミノシリケートガラスやホウケイ酸塩ガラス等の公知のガラス組成のものを使用することができる。また、第一ガラス板21、第二ガラス板22は、フロートプロセスによって得られたものとしてもよい。
第一ガラス板21と、第二ガラス板22との徐冷点温度は差、軟化点温度の差は、それぞれ、±5℃内、±5℃内とされる。例えば、両ガラス板が、ISO16293-1で規定されているようなソーダ石灰珪酸塩ガラスからなる場合、徐冷点温度は、500℃~600℃、軟化点温度は、700℃~800℃となる。
このような熱物性を有する、両ガラス板を構成するガラス組成は、実質的には同じか、類似したものを適用でき、第一ガラス板21と、第二ガラス板22との徐冷点温度は差、軟化点温度の差が、それぞれ、±5℃内、±5℃内となるようにガラス組成が選択される。両ガラス板を構成するガラス組成は、実質的には同じか、類似したものを適用することをより確実なものとするために、各物性の温度差は、±4℃内、好ましく±3℃内、より好ましくは±2℃内、さらに好ましくは±1℃内としてもよい。
第一ガラス板21を構成する、ガラス組成例として、各成分を質量%で、
SiO2;60%~80%、好ましくは64%~77%、より好ましくは67%~74%Al2O3;0%~20%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
Na2O ;10%~20%、好ましくは10%~18%、より好ましくは10%~15%
K2O ;0%~8%、好ましくは0%~5%、より好ましくは0%~3%
MgO ;0%~15%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
CaO ;0%~15%、好ましくは3%~13%、より好ましくは5%~10%
鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算);0.2%~2%、好ましくは0.2%~1.8%、
より好ましくは0.2%~1.6%
FeO ;0.1%~0.50%、好ましくは0.1%~0.45%、
より好ましくは0.1%~0.40%
を含有するものが挙げられる。前記鉄酸化物の成分量は、Fe2O3換算での成分量なので、FeOの成分量との重複を包含する。また、これら成分以外にも、酸化バリウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化硫黄等を任意成分として本発明の趣旨を損なわい程度に、例えば、1.0質量%まで含んでもよい。
SiO2;60%~80%、好ましくは64%~77%、より好ましくは67%~74%Al2O3;0%~20%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
Na2O ;10%~20%、好ましくは10%~18%、より好ましくは10%~15%
K2O ;0%~8%、好ましくは0%~5%、より好ましくは0%~3%
MgO ;0%~15%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
CaO ;0%~15%、好ましくは3%~13%、より好ましくは5%~10%
鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算);0.2%~2%、好ましくは0.2%~1.8%、
より好ましくは0.2%~1.6%
FeO ;0.1%~0.50%、好ましくは0.1%~0.45%、
より好ましくは0.1%~0.40%
を含有するものが挙げられる。前記鉄酸化物の成分量は、Fe2O3換算での成分量なので、FeOの成分量との重複を包含する。また、これら成分以外にも、酸化バリウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化硫黄等を任意成分として本発明の趣旨を損なわい程度に、例えば、1.0質量%まで含んでもよい。
第二ガラス板22を構成する、ガラス組成例として、各成分を質量%で、
SiO2;60%~80%、好ましくは64%~77%、より好ましくは67%~74%Al2O3;0%~20%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
Na2O ;10%~20%、好ましくは10%~18%、より好ましくは10%~15%
K2O ;0%~8%、好ましくは0%~5%、より好ましくは0%~3%
MgO ;0%~15%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
CaO ;0%~15%、好ましくは3%~13%、より好ましくは5%~10%
鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算);0%~0.15%、好ましくは0%~0.13%、
より好ましくは0%~0.11%
FeO ;0%~0.05%、好ましくは0%~0.04%、より好ましくは0%~0.03%を含有するものが挙げられる。前記鉄酸化物の成分量は、Fe2O3換算での成分量なので、FeOの成分量との重複を包含する。また、これら成分以外にも、酸化バリウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化硫黄等を任意成分として本発明の趣旨を損なわい程度に、例えば、1.0質量%まで含んでもよい。
SiO2;60%~80%、好ましくは64%~77%、より好ましくは67%~74%Al2O3;0%~20%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
Na2O ;10%~20%、好ましくは10%~18%、より好ましくは10%~15%
K2O ;0%~8%、好ましくは0%~5%、より好ましくは0%~3%
MgO ;0%~15%、好ましくは0%~12%、より好ましくは0%~6%
CaO ;0%~15%、好ましくは3%~13%、より好ましくは5%~10%
鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算);0%~0.15%、好ましくは0%~0.13%、
より好ましくは0%~0.11%
FeO ;0%~0.05%、好ましくは0%~0.04%、より好ましくは0%~0.03%を含有するものが挙げられる。前記鉄酸化物の成分量は、Fe2O3換算での成分量なので、FeOの成分量との重複を包含する。また、これら成分以外にも、酸化バリウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化硫黄等を任意成分として本発明の趣旨を損なわい程度に、例えば、1.0質量%まで含んでもよい。
以上に挙げられた成分の中でも、FeOの含有量は、平板の第一、第二ガラス板21、22の加熱時の湾曲形状の形成に影響を与える。以下に各種平板のガラス板を加熱したときのガラス板の曲げ挙動を検証した結果を示す。図2は、加熱時のガラス板の曲げ挙動を検証するための装置の要部を模式的に示す図である。図3は、加熱を経て自重により曲げられたガラス板試料の曲げ量の計測方法を模式的に示す図である。
検証用のガラス板として、
SiO2(71質量%)-Al2O3(2質量%)-Na2O(13質量%)-K2O(1.4質量%)-MgO(3.6質量%)-CaO(8.5質量%)-鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算で、0.5質量%;FeOは0.12質量%)のガラス組成から構成されるガラス板A(徐冷点温度551℃、軟化点温度734℃)、
SiO2(72質量%)-Al2O3(2質量%)-Na2O(13質量%)-K2O(1.3質量%)-MgO(3.7質量%)-CaO(8.4質量%)-鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算で、0.1質量%;FeOは0.02質量%)のガラス組成から構成されるガラス板B(徐冷点温度551℃、軟化点温度733℃)、
につき、平板のガラス板試料2s(60mm×45mmサイズ)を準備した。そして、以下の手順に各種ガラス板試料2sの曲げ挙動が測定された。
SiO2(71質量%)-Al2O3(2質量%)-Na2O(13質量%)-K2O(1.4質量%)-MgO(3.6質量%)-CaO(8.5質量%)-鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算で、0.5質量%;FeOは0.12質量%)のガラス組成から構成されるガラス板A(徐冷点温度551℃、軟化点温度734℃)、
SiO2(72質量%)-Al2O3(2質量%)-Na2O(13質量%)-K2O(1.3質量%)-MgO(3.7質量%)-CaO(8.4質量%)-鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算で、0.1質量%;FeOは0.02質量%)のガラス組成から構成されるガラス板B(徐冷点温度551℃、軟化点温度733℃)、
につき、平板のガラス板試料2s(60mm×45mmサイズ)を準備した。そして、以下の手順に各種ガラス板試料2sの曲げ挙動が測定された。
・34mmの間隔で配置された治具4がおかれた環境を470℃とする。
・前記治具4上に前記ガラス板試料2sを図2のように配置し、630℃、640℃、又は650℃まで6℃/分の加熱速度で前記環境を加熱する。
・630℃、640℃、又は650℃で1分保持し、自重により曲げられたガラス板試料2sbを前記環境から取り出す。
・ガラス板試料2sbの曲げ量として、平板のガラス板試料2sを基準とし、図3内の矢印で示される距離、すなわち撓み量を計測した。
・前記治具4上に前記ガラス板試料2sを図2のように配置し、630℃、640℃、又は650℃まで6℃/分の加熱速度で前記環境を加熱する。
・630℃、640℃、又は650℃で1分保持し、自重により曲げられたガラス板試料2sbを前記環境から取り出す。
・ガラス板試料2sbの曲げ量として、平板のガラス板試料2sを基準とし、図3内の矢印で示される距離、すなわち撓み量を計測した。
ガラス板Bに対して、1mmの厚さのガラス板Aと同じ撓み量となる厚さを求めた。結果、最高到達温度が、630℃、640℃、650℃の場合で、ガラス板Aの撓み量は、それぞれ、0.2mm、0.35mm、0.5mmとなった。そして、ガラス板Bで、同じ撓み量となったガラス板の厚さは、最高到達温度が、630℃、640℃、650℃の場合で、それぞれ、0.7mm~0.9mm、0.8mm~0.9mm、0.8mm~0.9mmであった。
このことから、ガラス中のFeO量のガラス板の曲げ挙動に影響することがわかる。すなわち、前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量を0.1質量%~0.5質量%
、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量を0質量%~0.05質量%とし、前記第一ガラス板21の厚さを、前記第二ガラス板22の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍とすれば、車内側、車外側に配置されるガラス板を同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすいものとできる。前述の厚さの比率は、同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすいものとするとの観点から、さらには、1.1倍~1.3倍としてもよい。
、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量を0質量%~0.05質量%とし、前記第一ガラス板21の厚さを、前記第二ガラス板22の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍とすれば、車内側、車外側に配置されるガラス板を同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすいものとできる。前述の厚さの比率は、同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすいものとするとの観点から、さらには、1.1倍~1.3倍としてもよい。
ガラス組成中のFeO量は、鉄酸化物(Fe2O3換算)の量だけでなく、ガラス原料中の酸化剤、還元剤の量、ガラス溶融炉内雰囲気の酸化還元条件にも影響される。前記酸化還元条件に影響する成分として、酸化セリウム、酸化チタン、酸化マンガン、酸化クロム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、セレン等があり、FeO量を調整する目的で、これら成分を、前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成、又は前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成が、例えば0質量%~3質量%含んでいてもよい。
前記ガラス板21、22の厚さについては、同一の湾曲形状に成形しやすいものとするとの観点から、前記ガラス板21の場合は、0.7mm~2mm、好ましくは0.7mm~1.7mm、より好ましくは0.7~1.4mmとしてもよい。そして、前記ガラス板22の場合は、0.5mm~1.6mm、好ましくは、0.5mm~1.4mm、より好ましくは0.5~1.1mm、さらに好ましくは0.5mm~0.9mmとしてもよい。
前記熱可塑性中間膜3は加熱することで、第一ガラス板21と、第二ガラス板22とを合せ化するもので、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB)、エチレン酢酸ビニル(EVA)、アクリル樹脂(PMMA)、ウレタン樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)等を使用することができる。なお、中間層は複数の樹脂で構成されていても良い。
前記自動車用合せガラス1の好適な製造方法は、平板状の第一ガラス板21と、平板状の第二ガラス板22とを重ねた状態で、両ガラス板の軟化点近傍まで加熱して所望の形状に湾曲する、ガラス板の成形工程と、
湾曲化した前記第一ガラス板21と前記第二ガラス板22とを、熱可塑性中間膜3を介して積層する、積層工程と、
前記第一ガラス板21と、前記熱可塑性中間膜3と、前記第二ガラス板22とを熱圧着する、合せ化工程とを備える、というものである。
湾曲化した前記第一ガラス板21と前記第二ガラス板22とを、熱可塑性中間膜3を介して積層する、積層工程と、
前記第一ガラス板21と、前記熱可塑性中間膜3と、前記第二ガラス板22とを熱圧着する、合せ化工程とを備える、というものである。
前記ガラス板の成形工程を、図4を用いて説明する。図4は本発明の自動車用合せガラス1の製造方法における、平面状の第一・第二ガラス板21、22を湾曲化する工程を模式的に説明する図である。
ガラス板の成形工程において、図4に示すように、平面状の第一ガラス板21と、平面状の第二ガラス板22とが、両ガラス板の主面が面するように重ねられた状態で、各ラス板を、軟化点近傍まで加熱し、所定の形状に湾曲化する。ここで、軟化点近傍とは、軟化点温度から50℃高い温度~軟化点温度から150℃低い温度の範囲のことを言う。
この工程では、例えば、重ねられたガラス板21、22をリング型上に載置して加熱炉に通し、ガラス板21、22を加熱して軟化させ、重力によって所定の形状に曲げ成形して冷却する自重曲げ成形法が用いられる。さらには、自重曲げ成形法によってガラス板21、22を予備成形し、次いでリング型とプレス型との間にガラス板21、22を挟んで加熱、及び加圧して成形して冷却するプレス成形法が用いられても良い。これら成形法の中では、自重曲げ成形法を採用することが好ましい。
この工程では、例えば、重ねられたガラス板21、22をリング型上に載置して加熱炉に通し、ガラス板21、22を加熱して軟化させ、重力によって所定の形状に曲げ成形して冷却する自重曲げ成形法が用いられる。さらには、自重曲げ成形法によってガラス板21、22を予備成形し、次いでリング型とプレス型との間にガラス板21、22を挟んで加熱、及び加圧して成形して冷却するプレス成形法が用いられても良い。これら成形法の中では、自重曲げ成形法を採用することが好ましい。
前記成形工程において、前記第一ガラス板21と、前記第二ガラス板22とは、両ガラス板を、200~400℃の温度領域から、軟化点近傍まで、3~100℃/分の加熱速度で、加熱する、予熱する予熱ゾーン内を搬送されて後、ガラス板の自重曲げ成形ゾーン
に搬送され、前記成形ゾーンで所望の形状に湾曲成形して冷却する、方法としてもよい。この方法では、ガラス板21、22は、搬送ロールを用いて搬送されてもよい。
に搬送され、前記成形ゾーンで所望の形状に湾曲成形して冷却する、方法としてもよい。この方法では、ガラス板21、22は、搬送ロールを用いて搬送されてもよい。
第一ガラス板21と、第二ガラス板とは、離型剤を介して重ねられることが好ましい。この離型剤としては、ガラス板の軟化点付近の加熱時に溶融することのないセラミックス粉末などが好適に用いられる。この湾曲化成形後の冷却工程の後、重ねられた、第一ガラス板21と第二ガラス板22とは、一旦分離される。
合せ化工程では、熱可塑性中間膜3と、第一ガラス板21の凹面側主面と、第二ガラス板22の凸面側主面とを対向して配置し、合せガラス形成前の積層体を形成する。そして、該積層体を熱圧着、例えば、1.0~1.5MPaで加圧しながら、100~150℃で15~60分保持することで、図1に示すような自動車用合せガラス1が得られる。熱圧着は、例えば、オートクレーブ内で行うことができる。また、熱可塑性中間膜3と、第一ガラス板21と、第二ガラス板22とを熱圧着を行う前に、可塑性中間層3と、各ガラス板21、22との間を脱気しておくことが好ましい。
1 自動車用合せガラス
21 第一ガラス板
22 第二ガラス板
2s ガラス板試料
2sb 曲げ加工されたガラス板試料
3 熱可塑性中間膜
4 ガラス板試料の曲げ成形の検証のための治具
21 第一ガラス板
22 第二ガラス板
2s ガラス板試料
2sb 曲げ加工されたガラス板試料
3 熱可塑性中間膜
4 ガラス板試料の曲げ成形の検証のための治具
Claims (5)
- 自動車用合せガラスであって、
熱可塑性中間膜層、及び前記熱可塑性中間膜層を介して対向して配置された、室外側に配置される湾曲した第一ガラス板と、室内側に配置される湾曲した第二ガラス板とを備え、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、
前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量が0質量%~0.05質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板の厚さが0.5mm~1.8mmであり、
前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、
自動車用合せガラス。 - 前記第一ガラス板の厚さが0.7mm~2mmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の自動車用合せガラス。
- 第二ガラス板の厚さが0.5~0.9mmである、請求項1又は2に記載の自動車用合せガラス。
- 自動車用合せガラスの製造方法であって、
平板状の第一ガラス板と、平板状の第二ガラス板とを重ねた状態で、軟化点近傍まで加熱して自重曲げ成形法、又はプレス成形法によって、所望の形状に湾曲成形して冷却する、ガラス板の成形工程と、
重ねた状態で湾曲化した第一ガラス板と第二ガラス板とを一旦分離する工程と、
湾曲化した前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とを、熱可塑性中間膜層を介して積層する、積層工程と、
前記熱可塑性中間膜層と、第一ガラス板と、第二ガラス板とを熱圧着する、合せ化工程とを備え、
前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板は、前記第一ガラス板と前記第二ガラス板とは、徐冷点温度の差が±5℃内で、軟化点温度の差が±5℃内の差であり、
前記第一ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0.1質量%~0.5質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板のガラス組成中のFeO含有量0質量%~0.05質量%であり、
前記第二ガラス板の厚さが0.5mm~1.8mmであり、
前記第一ガラス板の厚さは、前記第二ガラス板の厚さの、1.1倍~1.4倍である、
自動車用合せガラスの製造方法。 - 前記成形工程において、前記第一ガラス板と、前記第二ガラス板とは、ガラス板を予熱する予熱ゾーン内を搬送されて後、ガラス板の曲げ成形ゾーンに送られ、前記成形ゾーンで所望の形状に湾曲する、請求項4に記載の自動車合せガラスの製造方法。
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US16/651,937 US20200282706A1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-09-10 | Laminated Glass for Automobile, and Method for Manufacturing Same |
CN201880064908.5A CN111183124B (zh) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-09-10 | 汽车用夹层玻璃及其制造方法 |
CN202210651467.7A CN115179618A (zh) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-09-10 | 汽车用夹层玻璃及其制造方法 |
JP2019546592A JP7174262B2 (ja) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-09-10 | 自動車用合せガラス、及びその製造方法 |
EP18865189.7A EP3670466A4 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-09-10 | LAMINATED GLASS FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT |
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WO2020046668A1 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Corning Incorporated | Glass compositions for use in co-formed laminates |
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CN113771433B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-08-19 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 车用夹层玻璃 |
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CN111183124B (zh) | 2022-06-10 |
JP7174262B2 (ja) | 2022-11-17 |
CN111183124A (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
EP3670466A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
US20200282706A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
JPWO2019069628A1 (ja) | 2020-09-17 |
EP3670466A4 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
CN115179618A (zh) | 2022-10-14 |
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