WO2019062350A1 - 一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2019062350A1
WO2019062350A1 PCT/CN2018/100155 CN2018100155W WO2019062350A1 WO 2019062350 A1 WO2019062350 A1 WO 2019062350A1 CN 2018100155 W CN2018100155 W CN 2018100155W WO 2019062350 A1 WO2019062350 A1 WO 2019062350A1
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flue gas
incineration
sludge
section
treatment
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PCT/CN2018/100155
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李秉正
李�一
吴汕
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重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201710880482.8A external-priority patent/CN107473564B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201721240974.2U external-priority patent/CN207313422U/zh
Application filed by 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司 filed Critical 重庆盎瑞悦科技有限公司
Publication of WO2019062350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019062350A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
    • C02F11/145—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances using calcium compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless treatment method and system for living sludge.
  • Domestic sludge also known as sewage sludge and municipal sludge
  • sewage sludge and municipal sludge is a long-term, stable and large-scale sludge produced with the increase of urban sewage treatment. It has the following three characteristics: First, the organic matter content is high, generally It accounts for more than 50% of its dry base content, and also contains a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
  • the sludge also contains a certain proportion of heavy metal ions and chemicals, especially Contains a certain amount of harmful chemicals, such as adsorbable organic halogens, anionic synthetic detergents, and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms;
  • the sewage sludge produced by general sewage treatment plants is About 80%, the heat value of wet combustion is significantly reduced, and the organic matter cannot be effectively utilized.
  • the treatment methods of domestic sludge include the following four technologies: 1) Landfill technology not only causes a large amount of land waste, but also has secondary pollution; 2) aerobic composting, which needs to be cured to dry and evaporate water, occupying more sites. And the conversion time is longer, it will also pollute the environment; 3) Incineration, but direct incineration not only has large equipment investment, high operating cost, there are problems of toxic gas emissions such as dioxins, and energy is wasted; at present, there is no efficient The technology can solve the harmless treatment of domestic sludge and the recycling of resources.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for the detoxification treatment of domestic sludge, which can thoroughly detoxify organic matter, heavy metal ions and toxic chemicals in domestic sludge without generating new harmful substances.
  • the harmless treatment of the domestic sludge is realized; in addition, the system self-developed according to the method has low construction cost and low operating cost, and opens up a new way for the harmless treatment of the domestic sludge and the comprehensive utilization of the resources.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a detoxification treatment method for living sludge refers to dehydration pretreatment of domestic sludge before sludge incineration treatment and flue gas purification treatment, wherein the dehydration pretreatment comprises the following two steps:
  • Step 1 mixing the domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride in proportion, and dehydrating to obtain a mud cake having a water content of 60-65%;
  • Step 2 According to the original quality of the domestic sludge, the biomass carbon powder which accounts for 1-10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and the clam shell which accounts for 2-5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge are mixed with the mud cake obtained in the first step. You can mix the sludge.
  • the first sludge is mixed with lime and polyaluminum chloride.
  • the function of polyaluminium chloride is to adjust the sludge to achieve better dewatering effect in the filter press.
  • the role of lime is to desulfurize the sludge.
  • the pressure of the sludge only needs to reduce the water content of the sludge from 80%.
  • the left and right down to about 60% further reduces the difficulty and energy consumption of the filter press.
  • the dewatered sludge has a reduced water content and a reduced viscosity.
  • the mixing When the mixing is repeated, the material is more loose, mixed with the clam shell and the biomass charcoal, and the water content of the mixed sludge is again reduced, and the combustion heat value of the sludge is increased, twice.
  • the mixing also avoids the stratification caused by the properties of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminum chloride during pressure filtration, which makes the material mixing more uniform and is more conducive to the full combustion of the mixed sludge.
  • the ratio of the domestic sludge, the lime and the polyaluminum chloride in the step 1 is in a mass ratio of 100:1 to 10:1 to 6.
  • the ratio of the domestic sludge, the lime and the polyaluminum chloride in the step 1 is 100:5:3 by mass.
  • step 1 when the mixed sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:5:3, the viscosity of the domestic sludge can be significantly reduced, the dehydration rate can be improved, and the life can be burned during the incineration process.
  • the chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds produced by sludge incineration react to fix the heavy metal components in the domestic sludge to achieve the functions of dechlorination, desulfurization and fixation of heavy metals, thereby breaking the precursor formation conditions of dioxins, and the steps 1 are obtained.
  • the moisture content of the mud cake can be reduced from about 80% to about 60%, and the kinematic viscosity will be 10500-11000 centipoise.
  • the polyaluminum chloride refers to a polyaluminum chloride aqueous solution having a mass percent concentration of 30%.
  • the incineration treatment refers to incinerating the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system, which refers to incineration of the mixed sludge by pre-drying the flue gas generated by incineration. system.
  • the flue gas purification process comprises the following steps:
  • Step a heat exchange of the flue gas generated by the incineration, and sent to the bag filter through the induced draft fan to remove the dust, and the dust removal efficiency is over 98%;
  • Step b spraying and desulfurizing the exhaust gas after the dust removal in step a, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form hydrogen Sodium oxide, so that sodium hydroxide can be recycled, the sulfur removal efficiency is up to 60%, and the spray liquid can also remove residual smoke;
  • Step c The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • the NO x The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • Step d feeding the flue gas after denitration in step c into a steam separator, wherein the water in the flue gas in the steam separator is separated and collected for use in the preparation of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step e The flue gas treated in step d is passed through an activated carbon adsorber, and the heavy metals and dioxin remaining in the flue gas are removed by adsorption by activated carbon, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • the invention also provides a harmless treatment system for living sludge, comprising a pretreatment system for dehydration pretreatment of domestic sludge, a negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system for incinerating mixed sludge, and a residue treatment system.
  • a flue gas purification system for performing flue gas purification treatment on the flue gas
  • the pretreatment system comprises: a first mixer for mixing living sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride for pressing a filter press for filtering sludge, a second mixer for mixing mud cake, biomass charcoal and clam shell, a plurality of weighing scales and storage bins, wherein the first mixer, the filter press and the first
  • the second mixing machine is sequentially connected by a transportation device, the first mixing machine is a double shaft spiral mixer or a coulter mixing machine, and the second mixing machine is a double shaft spiral mixing machine or a coulter mixing machine.
  • the material filter is a steel belt filter press or a plate and frame filter press.
  • the decontamination treatment system of the domestic sludge further comprises a central control system for monitoring and controlling the harmless treatment system of the domestic sludge.
  • the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system comprises: an incineration device having a cloth section, a preheating section, an ignition section, an incineration section and a cooling section in sequence; a flue gas circulation device above the incineration section; and a cloth above the cloth section And a preheating section, an ignition section, an incineration section and a cooled air extracting device, the incinerator further comprising: a preheating cover above the preheating section, an igniter above the ignition section, a cloth section, a preheating section, The ignition section, the incineration section, and the cooling section are freely slid by the incineration trolley and the preheating circulating flue gas inlet on the preheating hood, and the inlet of the preheating circulating flue gas is used for the entry of the circulating flue gas from the incineration section.
  • the inlet of the preheating circulating flue gas causes the flue gas generated by the incineration to enter the preheating section, and the mixed sludge is pre-dried by the heat generated by the incineration, thereby reducing the water content of the mixed sludge, facilitating its full combustion and avoiding mixing.
  • the sludge stays in the low temperature section for a long time during the ignition phase, which weakens the temperature environment in which dioxin is formed.
  • the flue gas circulation device comprises a single or a plurality of independent flue gas hoods having a circulating flue gas inlet and an air inlet, the exhausting device comprising three or more independent hoods, and an air hood
  • An exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe, and an exhaust pump is arranged on the exhaust pipe; the exhaust hood below the ignition section is connected with the first flue gas hood above the incineration section, and the last exhaust hood below the incineration section is connected to the preheating hood
  • the hood located below the cooling section is in communication with the flue gas purification system.
  • the circulating flue gas inlet causes the flue gas generated by the incineration to be incinerated twice by the incinerator, and the air inlet causes a large amount of air to flow into the incinerator to help the sludge to fully burn.
  • the flue gas circulation device is beneficial for removing the incompletely burned particulate carbon, carbon monoxide and organic matter in the combustion flue gas, and performing secondary combustion, which is particularly advantageous for removing the dioxins generated by incineration, decomposing at high temperature, and also recycling.
  • the heat generated by incineration is beneficial for removing the incompletely burned particulate carbon, carbon monoxide and organic matter in the combustion flue gas, and performing secondary combustion, which is particularly advantageous for removing the dioxins generated by incineration, decomposing at high temperature, and also recycling.
  • the residue treatment system is used for making bricks and ceramsite.
  • the flue gas purification system comprises a heat exchanger, a cyclone separator, a desulfurization tower, a denitration tower, a steam separator, and an activated carbon adsorber.
  • the heat exchanger heats the flue gas generated by the incineration, and sends it to the bag filter through the induced draft fan to remove the dust.
  • the dust removal efficiency reaches over 98%; the flue gas is sprayed and desulfurized through the desulfurization tower, and the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide.
  • Solution sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form sodium hydroxide, so that sodium hydroxide can be recycled, and the sulfur removal efficiency can reach 60%.
  • the leaching solution can also remove residual soot; after desulfurization, the exhaust gas enters the wet denitration tower, and by removing the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas by reducing the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas by spraying the urea solution and controlling the solution pH, more than 80% of the NOx in the flue gas can be removed;
  • the flue gas after denitration is sent to the steam separator, and the water in the flue gas in the steam separator is separated and collected, which can be used for the preparation of polyaluminum chloride to realize secondary utilization of water;
  • the flue gas passes through the activated carbon adsorber
  • the activated carbon adsorbs to remove heavy metals that may remain in the flue gas, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • the secondary mixing dewatering pretreatment method is adopted, which reduces the pressure filtration difficulty and energy consumption of the domestic sludge, further makes the material mixing more uniform, and is favorable for the full combustion of the mixed sludge;
  • the sludge is incinerated by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, which fully utilizes the heat generated by sludge combustion, and uses the flue gas generated by sludge incineration for secondary use, reducing the moisture content of the mixed sludge. , weakened the temperature environment created by dioxin.
  • the flue gas circulation device is used to carry out secondary combustion of the flue gas generated by sludge incineration, which reduces the generation of pollutants in the flue gas and reduces the generation of pollutants.
  • the flue gas passes through the flue gas treatment system to make the smoke The gas reaches the discharge standard, and the harmless treatment of the sludge is realized.
  • the system construction cost is low and the operating cost is low, which opens up a new way for the harmless treatment of domestic sludge and comprehensive utilization of resources.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pretreatment system.
  • 1-pretreatment system 11-storage bin, 12-gauge scale, 13-first mixer, 14-filter press, 15-second mixer, 16-transport device.
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system.
  • 2-negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system 20-incineration unit, 200-distribution section, 201-preheating section, 202-ignition section, 203-incineration section, 204-cooling section, 205-igniter, 206 - preheating hood, 207-preheating cycle flue gas inlet, 208-incineration trolley; 21-distribution device, 210-material disperser; 22-flue gas circulation device, 220-cycle flue gas inlet, 221-air inlet , 222-flue hood; 23-exhaust device, 230-exhaust hood, 231-exhaust pipe, 232-exhaust pump; 3-residue treatment system; 4-flue gas purification system
  • Step 1 Mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride in a mass ratio of 100:5:3, and dehydrating through a filter to obtain a mud cake having a water content of 60%, wherein the polyaluminum chloride refers to a mass percent concentration. 30% aqueous solution of polyaluminum chloride. ;
  • Step 2 According to the original quality of the domestic sludge, the biomass carbon powder which accounts for 10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and the clam shell which accounts for 5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge are mixed with the mud cake obtained in the step 1 to obtain the mixed sludge. .
  • step 1 when the mixed sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:5:3, the viscosity of the domestic sludge can be significantly reduced, the dehydration rate can be improved, and the life can be burned during the incineration process.
  • the chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds produced by sludge incineration react to fix the heavy metal components in the domestic sludge to achieve the functions of dechlorination, desulfurization and fixation of heavy metals, thereby breaking the precursor formation conditions of dioxins, and the steps 1 are obtained.
  • the moisture content of the mud cake can be reduced from about 80% to about 60%, and the kinematic viscosity will be 10500-11000 centipoise.
  • the first sludge is mixed with lime and polyaluminum chloride.
  • the function of polyaluminium chloride is to quench and dehydrate the sludge, so that the steel belt filter press can achieve better dewatering effect.
  • the mud is desulfurized; before the filter press, only the polyaluminum chloride and the lime are added to avoid the addition of the clam shell and the biomass carbon at one time to increase the volume of the filter press.
  • the water content of the sludge only needs to be carried out. From about 80% to about 60%, the difficulty and energy consumption of the filter press are further reduced.
  • the dewatered sludge has a reduced water content and a reduced viscosity.
  • the mixing When the mixing is repeated, the material is more loose, mixed with the clam shell and the biomass charcoal, and the water content of the mixed sludge is again reduced, and the combustion heat value of the sludge is increased, twice.
  • the mixing also avoids the delamination caused by the same properties of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminum chloride during pressure filtration, which makes the material mixing more uniform and is more conducive to the full combustion of the mixed sludge.
  • the incineration treatment refers to incinerating the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by using the flue gas generated by incineration.
  • Flue gas purification treatment includes the following steps:
  • Step a heat exchange of the flue gas generated by the incineration, and sent to the bag filter through the induced draft fan to remove the dust, and the dust removal efficiency is over 98%;
  • Step b spraying and desulfurizing the exhaust gas after the dust removal in step a, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form hydrogen Sodium oxide, so that sodium hydroxide can be recycled, the sulfur removal efficiency is up to 60%, and the spray liquid can also remove residual smoke;
  • Step c The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • the NO x The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • Step d feeding the flue gas after denitration in step c into a steam separator, wherein the water in the flue gas in the steam separator is separated and collected for use in the preparation of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step e The flue gas treated in step d is passed through an activated carbon adsorber, and the heavy metals and dioxin remaining in the flue gas are removed by adsorption by activated carbon, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • Step 1 Mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride in a mass ratio of 100:1:6, and dehydrating through a filter to obtain a mud cake having a water content of 63%, wherein the polyaluminum chloride refers to a mass percent concentration. 30% aqueous solution of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step 2 According to the original quality of the domestic sludge, the biomass carbon powder which accounts for 5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and the clam shell which accounts for 5% of the original mass of the domestic sludge are mixed with the mud cake obtained in the step 1 to prepare the mixed sludge. .
  • step 1 when the mixed sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:1:6, the viscosity of the domestic sludge can be significantly reduced, the dehydration rate can be improved, and the life can be burned during the incineration process.
  • the chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds produced by sludge incineration react to fix the heavy metal components in the domestic sludge to achieve the functions of dechlorination, desulfurization and fixation of heavy metals, thereby breaking the precursor formation conditions of dioxins, and the steps 1 are obtained. Mud cake, its moisture content can be reduced from about 80% to about 63%, and the kinematic viscosity will be 10700-11200 centipoise.
  • the first sludge is mixed with lime and polyaluminum chloride.
  • the function of polyaluminium chloride is to quench and dehydrate the sludge, so that the steel belt filter press can achieve better dewatering effect.
  • the mud is desulfurized; before the filter press, only the polyaluminum chloride and the lime are added to avoid the addition of the clam shell and the biomass carbon at one time to increase the volume of the filter press.
  • the water content of the sludge only needs to be carried out. From about 80% to about 60%, the difficulty and energy consumption of the filter press are further reduced.
  • the dewatered sludge has a reduced water content and a reduced viscosity.
  • the mixing When the mixing is repeated, the material is more loose, mixed with the clam shell and the biomass charcoal, and the water content of the mixed sludge is again reduced, and the combustion heat value of the sludge is increased, twice.
  • the mixing also avoids the delamination caused by the same properties of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminum chloride during pressure filtration, which makes the material mixing more uniform and is more conducive to the full combustion of the mixed sludge.
  • the incineration treatment refers to incinerating the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by using the flue gas generated by incineration.
  • Flue gas purification treatment includes the following steps:
  • Step a heat exchange of the flue gas generated by the incineration, and sent to the bag filter through the induced draft fan to remove the dust, and the dust removal efficiency is over 98%;
  • Step b spraying and desulfurizing the exhaust gas after the dust removal in step a, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form hydrogen Sodium oxide, so that sodium hydroxide can be recycled, the sulfur removal efficiency is up to 60%, and the spray liquid can also remove residual smoke;
  • Step c The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • the NO x The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • Step d feeding the flue gas after denitration in step c into a steam separator, wherein the water in the flue gas in the steam separator is separated and collected for use in the preparation of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step e The flue gas treated in step d is passed through an activated carbon adsorber, and the heavy metals and dioxin remaining in the flue gas are removed by adsorption by activated carbon, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • Step 1 Mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride in a mass ratio of 100:10:2, and dehydrating through a filter to obtain a mud cake having a water content of 63%, wherein the polyaluminum chloride refers to a mass percent concentration. 30% aqueous solution of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step 2 According to the original quality of the domestic sludge, the biomass carbon powder which accounts for 10% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and the clam shell which accounts for 2% of the original mass of the domestic sludge are mixed with the mud cake obtained in the step 1 to obtain the mixed sludge. .
  • step 1 when the mixed sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:10:2, the viscosity of the domestic sludge can be significantly reduced, the dehydration rate can be improved, and the life can be burned during the incineration process.
  • the chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds produced by sludge incineration react to fix the heavy metal components in the domestic sludge to achieve the functions of dechlorination, desulfurization and fixation of heavy metals, thereby breaking the precursor formation conditions of dioxins, and the steps 1 are obtained. Mud cake, its moisture content can be reduced from about 80% to about 60%, and the kinematic viscosity will be 10600-11200 centipoise.
  • the first sludge is mixed with lime and polyaluminum chloride.
  • the function of polyaluminium chloride is to quench and dehydrate the sludge, so that the steel belt filter press can achieve better dewatering effect.
  • the mud is desulfurized; before the filter press, only the polyaluminum chloride and the lime are added to avoid the addition of the clam shell and the biomass carbon at one time to increase the volume of the filter press.
  • the water content of the sludge only needs to be carried out. From about 80% to about 60%, the difficulty and energy consumption of the filter press are further reduced.
  • the dewatered sludge has a reduced water content and a reduced viscosity.
  • the mixing When the mixing is repeated, the material is more loose, mixed with the clam shell and the biomass charcoal, and the water content of the mixed sludge is again reduced, and the combustion heat value of the sludge is increased, twice.
  • the mixing also avoids the delamination caused by the same properties of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminum chloride during pressure filtration, which makes the material mixing more uniform and is more conducive to the full combustion of the mixed sludge.
  • the incineration treatment refers to incinerating the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by using the flue gas generated by incineration.
  • Flue gas purification treatment includes the following steps:
  • Step a heat exchange of the flue gas generated by the incineration, and sent to the bag filter through the induced draft fan to remove the dust, and the dust removal efficiency is over 98%;
  • Step b spraying and desulfurizing the exhaust gas after the dust removal in step a, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form hydrogen Sodium oxide, so that sodium hydroxide can be recycled, the sulfur removal efficiency is up to 60%, and the spray liquid can also remove residual smoke;
  • Step c The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • the NO x The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • Step d feeding the flue gas after denitration in step c into a steam separator, wherein the water in the flue gas in the steam separator is separated and collected for use in the preparation of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step e The flue gas treated in step d is passed through an activated carbon adsorber, and the heavy metals and dioxin remaining in the flue gas are removed by adsorption by activated carbon, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • Step 1 Mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride in a mass ratio of 100:4:3, and dehydrating through a filter to obtain a mud cake having a water content of 63%, wherein the polyaluminum chloride refers to a mass percent concentration. 30% aqueous solution of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step 2 According to the original quality of the domestic sludge, the biomass carbon powder which accounts for 7% of the original mass of the domestic sludge and the clam shell which accounts for 4% of the original mass of the domestic sludge are mixed with the mud cake obtained in the step 1 to prepare the mixed sludge. .
  • step 1 when the mixed sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:4:3, the viscosity of the domestic sludge can be significantly reduced, the dehydration rate can be improved, and the life can be burned during the incineration process.
  • the chlorine-containing and sulfur-containing compounds produced by sludge incineration react to fix the heavy metal components in the domestic sludge to achieve the functions of dechlorination, desulfurization and fixation of heavy metals, thereby breaking the precursor formation conditions of dioxins, and the steps 1 are obtained. Mud cake, its moisture content can be reduced from about 80% to 63%, and the kinematic viscosity will be 10700-11200 centipoise.
  • the first sludge is mixed with lime and polyaluminum chloride.
  • the function of polyaluminium chloride is to quench and dehydrate the sludge, so that the steel belt filter press can achieve better dewatering effect.
  • the mud is desulfurized; before the filter press, only the polyaluminum chloride and the lime are added to avoid the addition of the clam shell and the biomass carbon at one time to increase the volume of the filter press.
  • the water content of the sludge only needs to be carried out. From about 80% to about 60%, it further reduces the difficulty and energy consumption of filter press.
  • the dewatered sludge has a reduced water content and a reduced viscosity.
  • the mixing When the mixing is repeated, the material is more loose, mixed with the clam shell and the biomass charcoal, and the water content of the mixed sludge is again reduced, and the combustion heat value of the sludge is increased, twice.
  • the mixing also avoids the delamination caused by the same properties of lime, domestic sludge and polyaluminum chloride during pressure filtration, which makes the material mixing more uniform and is more conducive to the full combustion of the mixed sludge.
  • the incineration treatment refers to the incineration of the mixed sludge by a negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system, wherein the negative pressure circulation heat storage incineration system refers to an incineration system for pre-drying the mixed sludge by the flue gas generated by incineration.
  • Flue gas purification treatment includes the following steps:
  • Step a heat exchange of the flue gas generated by the incineration, and sent to the bag filter through the induced draft fan to remove the dust, and the dust removal efficiency is over 98%;
  • Step b spraying and desulfurizing the exhaust gas after the dust removal in step a, the spray liquid is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form hydrogen Sodium oxide, so that sodium hydroxide can be recycled, the sulfur removal efficiency is up to 60%, and the spray liquid can also remove residual smoke;
  • Step c The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • the NO x The desulfurization of the step b is carried out by wet denitration, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced to nitrogen by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to achieve the purpose of denitration, and the method can remove more than 80% of the flue gas.
  • Step d feeding the flue gas after denitration in step c into a steam separator, wherein the water in the flue gas in the steam separator is separated and collected for use in the preparation of polyaluminum chloride;
  • Step e The flue gas treated in step d is passed through an activated carbon adsorber, and the heavy metals and dioxin remaining in the flue gas are removed by adsorption by activated carbon, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • the treatment system independently developed according to the above-mentioned method for the harmless treatment of domestic sludge includes a pretreatment system for dehydration pretreatment of domestic sludge, and a negative pressure circulation for incineration of mixed sludge.
  • Thermal incineration system 2 comprises: a first mixer 13 for mixing domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminium chloride, a filter press 14 for pressure filtration of sludge, for mixing mud cake, biomass charcoal And a second mixer 15 of the clamshell, a plurality of gauges 12 and a storage bin 11, wherein the first mixer 13, the filter press 14 and the second mixer 15 are sequentially connected by a transport device 16,
  • the first and second mixing machines are specifically a double-shaft spiral mixing machine, and the pressure filter machine is specifically a steel belt type filter press;
  • the negative pressure circulating heat storage incineration system 2 comprises: a cloth section 200 and a preheating section 201 in this order.
  • the incinerator 20 further comprising: a preheating section 201 a preheating hood, an igniter 205 above the ignition section 202 and a preheating circulating flue gas inlet 207 on the preheating hood 206, the inlet of the preheating circulating flue gas being used for the entry of recycled flue gas from the incineration section 203;
  • the flue gas circulation device 22 includes three independent flue gas hoods 222.
  • the flue gas hood 222 has a circulating flue gas inlet 220 and an air inlet 221, and the circulating flue gas inlet 220 causes the flue gas generated by the incineration to enter the incinerator 20 for incineration.
  • the air inlet 221 causes a large amount of air to flow into the incinerator 20 to help the sludge to be fully burned;
  • the air extracting device 23 includes 18 independent exhaust hoods 230, and the exhaust hood 230 is connected with an exhaust duct 231, and the exhaust duct 231 is provided
  • the flue gas purification system 4 includes a heat exchanger, a cyclone separator, a desulfurization tower, a denitration tower, a steam separator, and an activated carbon adsorber;
  • the residue treatment system 3 uses the residue to make bricks and ceramics. grain.
  • the harmless treatment system of the domestic sludge works in this way, and the domestic sludge, lime and polyaluminum chloride are weighed by mass ratio by weighing 12, transported to the first mixer 13 and mixed uniformly.
  • the mixed sludge is obtained once, and the mixed sludge is transported to the filter press 14 after preliminary dewatering, the water content is changed to 68-73%, and the kinematic viscosity is 10,000-11,000 centipoise.
  • enter the high pressure zone to continue dewatering mud cake the moisture content of the mud cake is reduced to about 60%, and the kinematic viscosity is 10500-11000 centipoise.
  • the biomass carbon powder and the clam shell were weighed, and the mixed cake was prepared by mixing the mud cake with the second mixing machine 15.
  • the mixed sludge is transported to the distributing device 210, and the material dispersing device 210 at the lower end of the distributing device 210 disperses the mixed sludge to loosely spread it evenly on the incineration trolley 208, and the thickness of the layer is 700 mm.
  • the incineration trolley 208 slides to the preheating section 201.
  • the flue gas generated by the combustion of the incineration section 203 is pumped to the preheating section 201 by the air extracting device 23 (at this time, the entire system is normally open, and the plurality of preheating, ignition, and The incineration and cooling stage incineration trolleys 208 are respectively located in the cloth section 200, the preheating section 201, the ignition section 202, the incineration section 203 and the cooling section 204), and the materials are pre-dried. After the drying is completed, the materials are transported to the ignition section 202. The upper layer of the material is initially ignited, the ignition temperature is 800-900 ° C, and the ignition time is 3-5 minutes.
  • the air extracting device 23 extracts the flue gas generated by the incomplete combustion from the lower portion of the ignition section 202 and sends it to the incineration section.
  • the flue gas is secondarily burned, and at the same time, the ignition section 202 forms a negative pressure environment, the material layer starts to burn from top to bottom, the material is transported to the incineration section 203, and the incineration section 203 has a temperature of 800-1000 ° C.
  • the incineration is completed.
  • the residue is transferred to the cooling section 204 and the temperature is lowered to 300-800 °C. After cooling, the residue is transported to the residue treatment system 3, and the residue is prepared into ceramsite or brick.
  • the flue gas enters the flue gas purification system 4, and sequentially enters the heat exchanger, the cyclone separator, the desulfurization tower, the denitration tower, and the steam separator. , activated carbon adsorber.
  • the flue gas generated by the incineration enters the heat exchanger for heat exchange, and then is sent to the cyclone separator through the induced draft fan and removes the soot through the net bag.
  • the dust removal efficiency is over 98%, and the flue gas after the dust removal enters the desulfurization tower for spray desulfurization and spraying.
  • the liquid is sodium hydroxide solution
  • sodium hydroxide can form sodium sulfite with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas
  • sodium sulfite can react with calcium hydroxide to form sodium hydroxide, thereby realizing the regeneration of sodium hydroxide, and the sulfur removal efficiency reaches 60. %
  • the spray liquid can also remove residual soot; after desulfurization, the exhaust gas enters the denitrification tower for wet denitration, and the purpose of denitration is achieved by spraying the urea solution and controlling the pH of the solution to reduce nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to nitrogen.
  • flue gas can be removed more than 80% of NO x; denitration of flue gas into the steam separator, the flue gas is separated by the water collected in the PAC may be used to formulate the steam separator; Thereafter, the flue gas passes through the activated carbon adsorber, and the activated carbon adsorbs to remove heavy metals and dioxins which may remain in the flue gas, so that the flue gas reaches the standard.
  • the first and second mixers can be used with a coulter mixer, and the filter press can be pressure-filtered by a plate frame.

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Abstract

本发明属于固体废物处理技术领域，具体涉及一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统。本发明的目的是提供一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法，通过对生活污泥进行二次混合的脱水预处理方法，实现对生物污泥的的无害化处理；此外，根据本方法自主研发的处理系统，系统建设费用少，运行费用低，为生活污泥的无害化处理和资源综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。

Description

一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统 技术领域
本发明属于固体废物处理技术领域，具体涉及一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统。
背景技术
生活污泥，也称污水厂污泥、市政污泥，是随着城市污水处理量的增加而长期、稳定、大量的产生的污泥，存在以下三个特点：第一，有机质含量高，一般占其干基含量的50％以上，同时还含有大量的氮磷等营养物质；第二，由于污水厂还接纳一些工业废水，其污泥中还含有一定比例的重金属离子和化学物质，特别是含有一定量的有害化学物质，如可吸附性有机卤素、阴离子合成洗涤剂等，以及大量的病原微生物；第三，含水率高，且脱水困难，一般污水处理厂产生的生活污泥含水率在80％左右，湿燃烧热值明显降低，无法有效利用其有机质。
目前，生活污泥的处理方法包括以下四种技术：1)填埋技术，不仅造成大量的土地浪费，且存在二次污染；2)好氧堆肥，需要养护晾晒蒸发水分，占用场地较多，且转化时间较长，同样还会污染环境；3)焚烧，但直接焚烧不仅设备投资大、运营成本较高，存在二噁英等有毒气体排放的问题，且浪费能源；目前，尚没有高效的技术能够解决生活污泥的无害化处理及资源再生利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统，所述方法能够对生活污泥中的有机质、重金属离子和有毒化学物质等彻底解毒处理，不产生新的有害物质，实现生活污泥的无害化处理；此外，根据本方法自主研发的系统建设费用少，运行费用低，为生活污泥的无害化处理和资源综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法是指在污泥焚烧处理和烟气净化处理前对生活污泥进行脱水预处理，其特征在于，所述脱水预处理包括以下两个步骤：
步骤1：将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按比例混合，经过脱水制得含水率为60～65％的泥饼；
步骤2：按生活污泥原始质量计，将占生活污泥原始质量1-10％的生物质碳粉和占生活污泥原始质量2-5％的糠壳，与步骤1所得泥饼混合制得混合污泥。
第一次污泥与石灰、聚合氯化铝混合，聚合氯化铝的作用是对污泥起到调质，使压滤机 中达到更好的脱水效果，石灰的作用是对污泥进行脱硫处理；压滤前，仅加入聚合氯化铝和石灰，避免一次性将糠壳和生物质碳加入使压滤体积增大，同时，此次压滤仅需将污泥的含水量从80％左右降至60％左右，进一步降低了压滤的难度和能耗。脱水后的污泥，含水率降低，粘度降低，再次进行混合时物料更加松散，与糠壳、生物质炭进行混合，再次降低混合污泥的含水率，提高污泥的燃烧热值，二次混合也避免了在压滤时由于石灰、生活污泥和聚合氯化铝性质而产生的分层现象，使物料混合更加均匀，更有利于混合污泥的充分燃烧。
优选的，所述步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝的比例按质量比为100:1～10:1～6。
优选的，所述步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝的比例按质量比为100：5：3。
步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝(PAC)按质量比100：5：3的比例混合时，能够显著降低生活污泥的黏度，提高脱水率，且能在焚烧过程中与生活污泥焚烧产生的含氯、含硫化合物进行反应，固定生活污泥中的重金属组分，达到脱氯、脱硫、固定重金属作用，从而破除二噁英的前驱物形成条件，步骤1制得的泥饼，其含水率能够从80％左右降至60％左右，运动粘度将至10500-11000厘泊。
优选的，所述聚合氯化铝是指质量百分浓度30％的聚合氯化铝水溶液。
优选的，所述焚烧处理是指将混合污泥经负压循环蓄热焚烧系统焚烧处理，所述负压循环蓄热焚烧系统是指采用焚烧产生的烟气对混合污泥进行预干燥的焚烧系统。
优选的，所述烟气净化处理包括以下步骤：
步骤a：将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘，除尘效率98％以上；
步骤b：将步骤a除尘后的废气进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；
步骤c：将步骤b脱硫后废气进行湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，实现脱硝的目的，该法可除去烟气中80％以上的NO x；
步骤d：将步骤c脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制；
步骤e：将步骤d处理后的烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
本发明的还提供一种生活污泥的无害化处理系统，包括对生活污泥进行脱水预处理的预处理系统、对混合污泥进行焚烧处理的负压循环蓄热焚烧系统、残渣处理系统和对烟气进行烟气净化处理的烟气净化系统，其特征在于，所述预处理系统包括：用于混匀生活污泥、石 灰和聚合氯化铝的第一混料机，用于压滤污泥的压滤机、用于混匀泥饼、生物质炭和糠壳的第二混料机，多个计量称和储料仓，其中，第一混料机、压滤机和第二混料机依次通过运输装置相连接，所述第一混料机为双轴螺旋混料机或犁刀混料机，所述第二混料机为双轴螺旋混料机或犁刀混料机，所述压滤机为钢带式压滤机或板框压滤机。
优选的，所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统还包括对生活污泥的无害化处理系统进行监测以及控制的中心控制系统。
优选的，所述负压循环蓄热焚烧系统，包括：依次具有布料段、预热段、点火段、焚烧段和冷却段的焚烧装置；焚烧段上方的烟气循环装置；布料段上方的布料装置和位于预热段、点火段、焚烧段和冷却的抽风装置，所述焚烧装置还包括：预热段上方的预热罩、点火段上方的点火器、能在布料段、预热段、点火段、焚烧段和冷却段自由滑动的焚烧台车和预热罩上的预热循环烟气进口，所述预热循环烟气的进口用于来自焚烧段的循环烟气的进入。
预热循环烟气的进口使焚烧产生的烟气进入预热段，利用焚烧产生的热量对混合污泥进行了预干燥，降低了混合污泥的含水量，有利于其充分燃烧，避免了混合污泥在点火阶段长时间停留在低温段，削弱了形成二噁英的温度环境。
优选的，所述烟气循环装置包括单个或多个独立烟气罩，烟气罩上具有循环烟气进口和空气进口，所述抽风装置包括三个或三个以上独立的抽风罩，抽风罩上连接有抽风管，抽风管上设有抽风泵；位于点火段下方抽风罩与焚烧段上方的第一个烟气罩相连通，位于焚烧段下方的最后一个抽风罩与预热罩相连通，位于冷却段下方的抽风罩与烟气净化系统相连通。所述循环烟气进口使焚烧产生的烟气二次进入焚烧装置焚烧，空气进口使空气大量涌入焚烧装置帮助污泥充分燃烧。烟气循环装置有利于除去燃烧烟气中未完全燃烧的颗粒碳、一氧化碳和有机物，并进行二次燃烧，尤其有利于除去焚烧产生的二噁英，使其在高温下分解，同时也循环利用了焚烧产生的热量。
优选的，所述残渣处理系统用于将残渣进行制砖、制陶粒。
优选的，所述烟气净化系统依次包括换热器、旋风分离器、脱硫塔、脱硝塔、汽水分离器、活性炭吸附器。
换热器将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘，除尘效率达到98％以上；烟气经过脱硫塔进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达能够60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；脱硫后废气进入湿法脱硝塔，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，可除去烟气中80％以上的NOx；脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水 被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制，实现水的二次利用；烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属，使烟气达标。
本发明提供的生活污泥的无害化处理方法及系统，具有优点：
1.采用了二次混合的脱水预处理方法，降低了对生活污泥的压滤难度和能耗，进一步的使物料混合更加均匀，有利于混合污泥的充分燃烧；
2.采用了负压循环蓄热焚烧系统对污泥进行焚烧处理，充分利用了污泥燃烧产生的热量，对污泥焚烧产生的烟气进行了二次利用，降低了混合污泥的含水率，削弱了二噁英产生的温度环境。
3.采用了烟气循环装置，对污泥焚烧产生的烟气进行了二次燃烧，减少了烟气中污染物的产生，降低了污染物的产生，烟气通过烟气处理系统，使烟气达到排放标准，实现了对污泥的无害化处理。
4.系统建设费用少，运行费用低，为生活污泥的无害化处理和资源综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。
附图说明
图1：预处理系统结构示意图。
图中，1-预处理系统、11-储料仓、12-计量称、13-第一混料机、14-压滤机、15-第二混料机、16–运输装置。
图2：负压循环蓄热焚烧系统结构示意图。
图中，2-负压循环蓄热焚烧系统；20-焚烧装置、200-布料段、201-预热段、202-点火段、203-焚烧段、204-冷却段、205-点火器、206-预热罩、207-预热循环烟气进口、208-焚烧台车；21-布料装置、210-物料打散器；22-烟气循环装置、220-循环烟气进口、221-空气进口、222-烟气罩；23-抽风装置、230-抽风罩、231-抽风管、232-抽风泵；3-残渣处理系统；4-烟气净化系统
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法步骤：
一、脱水预处理
步骤1：将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按质量比100：5：3混合，经过滤机脱水制得含水率为60％的泥饼，其中聚合氯化铝是指质量百分浓度30％的聚合氯化铝水溶液。；
步骤2：按生活污泥原始质量计，将占生活污泥原始质量10％的生物质碳粉和占生活污 泥原始质量5％的糠壳，与步骤1所得泥饼混合制得混合污泥。
步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝(PAC)按质量比100：5：3的比例混合时，能够显著降低生活污泥的黏度，提高脱水率，且能在焚烧过程中与生活污泥焚烧产生的含氯、含硫化合物进行反应，固定生活污泥中的重金属组分，达到脱氯、脱硫、固定重金属作用，从而破除二噁英的前驱物形成条件，步骤1制得的泥饼，其含水率能够从80％左右降至60％左右，运动粘度将至10500-11000厘泊。
第一次污泥与石灰、聚合氯化铝混合，聚合氯化铝的作用是对污泥起到调质脱水，使钢带压滤机中达到更好的脱水效果，石灰的作用是对污泥进行脱硫处理；压滤前，仅加入聚合氯化铝和石灰，避免一次性将糠壳和生物质碳加入使压滤体积增大，同时，此次压滤仅需将污泥的含水量从80％左右降至60％左右，进一步降低了压滤的难度和能耗。脱水后的污泥，含水率降低，粘度降低，再次进行混合时物料更加松散，与糠壳、生物质炭进行混合，再次降低混合污泥的含水率，提高污泥的燃烧热值，二次混合也避免了在压滤时由于石灰、生活污泥和聚合氯化铝性质同而产生的分层现象，使物料混合更加均匀，更有利于混合污泥的充分燃烧。
二、焚烧处理
焚烧处理是指将混合污泥经负压循环蓄热焚烧系统焚烧处理，其中，负压循环蓄热焚烧系统是指采用焚烧产生的烟气对混合污泥进行预干燥的焚烧系统。
三、烟气净化处理
烟气净化处理包括以下步骤：
步骤a：将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘，除尘效率98％以上；
步骤b：将步骤a除尘后的废气进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；
步骤c：将步骤b脱硫后废气进行湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，实现脱硝的目的，该法可除去烟气中80％以上的NO x；
步骤d：将步骤c脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制；
步骤e：将步骤d处理后的烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
实施例2
一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法步骤：
一、脱水预处理
步骤1：将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按质量比100：1：6混合，经过滤机脱水制得含水率为63％的泥饼，其中聚合氯化铝是指质量百分浓度30％的聚合氯化铝水溶液；
步骤2：按生活污泥原始质量计，将占生活污泥原始质量5％的生物质碳粉和占生活污泥原始质量5％的糠壳，与步骤1所得泥饼混合制得混合污泥。
步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝(PAC)按质量比100：1：6的比例混合时，能够显著降低生活污泥的黏度，提高脱水率，且能在焚烧过程中与生活污泥焚烧产生的含氯、含硫化合物进行反应，固定生活污泥中的重金属组分，达到脱氯、脱硫、固定重金属作用，从而破除二噁英的前驱物形成条件，步骤1制得的泥饼，其含水率能够从80％左右降至63％左右，运动粘度将至10700-11200厘泊。
第一次污泥与石灰、聚合氯化铝混合，聚合氯化铝的作用是对污泥起到调质脱水，使钢带压滤机中达到更好的脱水效果，石灰的作用是对污泥进行脱硫处理；压滤前，仅加入聚合氯化铝和石灰，避免一次性将糠壳和生物质碳加入使压滤体积增大，同时，此次压滤仅需将污泥的含水量从80％左右降至60％左右，进一步降低了压滤的难度和能耗。脱水后的污泥，含水率降低，粘度降低，再次进行混合时物料更加松散，与糠壳、生物质炭进行混合，再次降低混合污泥的含水率，提高污泥的燃烧热值，二次混合也避免了在压滤时由于石灰、生活污泥和聚合氯化铝性质同而产生的分层现象，使物料混合更加均匀，更有利于混合污泥的充分燃烧。
二、焚烧处理
焚烧处理是指将混合污泥经负压循环蓄热焚烧系统焚烧处理，其中，负压循环蓄热焚烧系统是指采用焚烧产生的烟气对混合污泥进行预干燥的焚烧系统。
三、烟气净化处理
烟气净化处理包括以下步骤：
步骤a：将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘，除尘效率98％以上；
步骤b：将步骤a除尘后的废气进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；
步骤c：将步骤b脱硫后废气进行湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，实现脱硝的目的，该法可除去烟气中80％以上的NO x；
步骤d：将步骤c脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制；
步骤e：将步骤d处理后的烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
实施例3
一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法步骤：
一、脱水预处理
步骤1：将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按质量比100：10：2混合，经过滤机脱水制得含水率为63％的泥饼，其中聚合氯化铝是指质量百分浓度30％的聚合氯化铝水溶液；
步骤2：按生活污泥原始质量计，将占生活污泥原始质量10％的生物质碳粉和占生活污泥原始质量2％的糠壳，与步骤1所得泥饼混合制得混合污泥。
步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝(PAC)按质量比100：10：2的比例混合时，能够显著降低生活污泥的黏度，提高脱水率，且能在焚烧过程中与生活污泥焚烧产生的含氯、含硫化合物进行反应，固定生活污泥中的重金属组分，达到脱氯、脱硫、固定重金属作用，从而破除二噁英的前驱物形成条件，步骤1制得的泥饼，其含水率能够从80％左右降至60％左右，运动粘度将至10600-11200厘泊。
第一次污泥与石灰、聚合氯化铝混合，聚合氯化铝的作用是对污泥起到调质脱水，使钢带压滤机中达到更好的脱水效果，石灰的作用是对污泥进行脱硫处理；压滤前，仅加入聚合氯化铝和石灰，避免一次性将糠壳和生物质碳加入使压滤体积增大，同时，此次压滤仅需将污泥的含水量从80％左右降至60％左右，进一步降低了压滤的难度和能耗。脱水后的污泥，含水率降低，粘度降低，再次进行混合时物料更加松散，与糠壳、生物质炭进行混合，再次降低混合污泥的含水率，提高污泥的燃烧热值，二次混合也避免了在压滤时由于石灰、生活污泥和聚合氯化铝性质同而产生的分层现象，使物料混合更加均匀，更有利于混合污泥的充分燃烧。
二、焚烧处理
焚烧处理是指将混合污泥经负压循环蓄热焚烧系统焚烧处理，其中，负压循环蓄热焚烧系统是指采用焚烧产生的烟气对混合污泥进行预干燥的焚烧系统。
三、烟气净化处理
烟气净化处理包括以下步骤：
步骤a：将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘，除尘效率98％以上；
步骤b：将步骤a除尘后的废气进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；
步骤c：将步骤b脱硫后废气进行湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，实现脱硝的目的，该法可除去烟气中80％以上的NO x；
步骤d：将步骤c脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制；
步骤e：将步骤d处理后的烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
实施例4
一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法步骤：
一、脱水预处理
步骤1：将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按质量比100：4：3混合，经过滤机脱水制得含水率为63％的泥饼，其中聚合氯化铝是指质量百分浓度30％的聚合氯化铝水溶液；
步骤2：按生活污泥原始质量计，将占生活污泥原始质量7％的生物质碳粉和占生活污泥原始质量4％的糠壳，与步骤1所得泥饼混合制得混合污泥。
步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝(PAC)按质量比100：4：3的比例混合时，能够显著降低生活污泥的黏度，提高脱水率，且能在焚烧过程中与生活污泥焚烧产生的含氯、含硫化合物进行反应，固定生活污泥中的重金属组分，达到脱氯、脱硫、固定重金属作用，从而破除二噁英的前驱物形成条件，步骤1制得的泥饼，其含水率能够从80％左右降至63％，运动粘度将至10700-11200厘泊。
第一次污泥与石灰、聚合氯化铝混合，聚合氯化铝的作用是对污泥起到调质脱水，使钢带压滤机中达到更好的脱水效果，石灰的作用是对污泥进行脱硫处理；压滤前，仅加入聚合氯化铝和石灰，避免一次性将糠壳和生物质碳加入使压滤体积增大，同时，此次压滤仅需将污泥的含水量从80％左右降至60％左右％，进一步降低了压滤的难度和能耗。脱水后的污泥，含水率降低，粘度降低，再次进行混合时物料更加松散，与糠壳、生物质炭进行混合，再次降低混合污泥的含水率，提高污泥的燃烧热值，二次混合也避免了在压滤时由于石灰、生活污泥和聚合氯化铝性质同而产生的分层现象，使物料混合更加均匀，更有利于混合污泥的充分燃烧。
二、焚烧处理
焚烧处理是指将混合污泥经负压循环蓄热焚烧系统焚烧处理，其中，负压循环蓄热焚烧 系统是指采用焚烧产生的烟气对混合污泥进行预干燥的焚烧系统。
三、烟气净化处理
烟气净化处理包括以下步骤：
步骤a：将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘，除尘效率98％以上；
步骤b：将步骤a除尘后的废气进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；
步骤c：将步骤b脱硫后废气进行湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，实现脱硝的目的，该法可除去烟气中80％以上的NO x；
步骤d：将步骤c脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制；
步骤e：将步骤d处理后的烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
实施例5
参见图1-2，根据上述生活污泥的无害化处理方法自主研发的处理系统，包括对生活污泥进行脱水预处理的预处理系统1、对混合污泥进行焚烧处理的负压循环蓄热焚烧系统2、残渣处理系统3、对烟气进行烟气净化处理的烟气净化系统4和对生活污泥的无害化处理系统进行监测以及控制的中心控制系统(未标示)；所述预处理系统1包括：用于混匀生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝的第一混料机13，用于压滤污泥的压滤机14、用于混匀泥饼、生物质炭和糠壳的第二混料机15，多个计量称12和储料仓11，其中，第一混料机13、压滤机14和第二混料机15依次通过运输装置16相连接，第一、二混料机具体为双轴螺旋混料机，压滤机具体为钢带式压滤机；所述负压循环蓄热焚烧系统2包括：依次具有布料段200、预热段201、点火段202、焚烧段203和冷却段204的焚烧装置20；焚烧段203上方的烟气循环装置22；布料段200上方的布料装置21和位于预热段201、点火段202、焚烧段203和冷却的抽风装置23，所述焚烧装置20还包括：预热段201上方的预热罩、点火段202上方的点火器205和预热罩206上的预热循环烟气进口207，所述预热循环烟气的进口用于来自焚烧段203的循环烟气的进入；烟气循环装置22包括3个独立烟气罩222，烟气罩222上具有循环烟气进口220和空气进口221，所述循环烟气进口220使焚烧产生的烟气二次进入焚烧装置20焚烧，空气进口221使空气大量涌入焚烧装置20帮助污泥充分燃烧；所述抽风装置23包括18个独立的抽风罩230，抽风罩230上连接有抽风管231，抽风管231上设有抽风泵232；所述烟气 净化系统4依次包括换热器、旋风分离器、脱硫塔、脱硝塔、汽水分离器、活性炭吸附器；所述残渣处理系统3用将残渣进行制砖、制陶粒。
所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统是这样工作的，通过计量称12将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按质量比称取，运输至第一混料机13混料，搅拌均匀得一次混合污泥，一次混合污泥运输至压滤机14经初步脱水之后，含水率变为68-73％，运动粘度10000-11000厘泊。再进入高压区继续脱水得泥饼，泥饼的含水率降低为60％左右，运动粘度10500-11000厘泊。按生活污泥原始质量计，称取生物质碳粉和糠壳，与泥饼通过第二混料机15混料制得混合污泥。将混合污泥运输至布料装置210，布料装置210下端的物料打散器210将混合污泥打散使其松散均匀地铺开在焚烧台车208上，料层的厚度为700mm。焚烧台车208滑动至预热段201，此时，焚烧段203的燃烧产生的烟气通过抽风装置23抽至预热段201(此时，整个系统常开，多个处于预热、点火、焚烧和冷却阶段的焚烧台车208分别位于布料段200、预热段201、点火段202、焚烧段203和冷却段204)，对物料进行预干燥，干燥完成后，物料运输至点火段202，开始对物料上层点火，点火温度为800-900℃，点火时间为3-5分钟，此时，抽风装置23从点火段202的下方抽取点火产生未完全燃烧产生的烟气，并输送至焚烧段203，使烟气二次燃烧，同时，点火段202形成负压环境，料层从上至下开始燃烧，物料输送至焚烧段203，焚烧段203温度为800-1000℃，焚烧完成后，焚烧残渣输送至冷却段204，温度降至300-800℃。冷却后，残渣运输至残渣处理系统3，将残渣制备成陶粒或砖，此段烟气进入烟气净化系统4，依次进入换热器、旋风分离器、脱硫塔、脱硝塔、汽水分离器、活性炭吸附器。焚烧产生的烟气进入换热器换热，之后通过引风机送至旋风分离器并通过网袋除去烟尘，除尘效率98％以上，除尘后的烟气进入脱硫塔进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠能够与烟气中的二氧化硫形成亚硫酸钠，而亚硫酸钠可通过与氢氧化钙反应再生成氢氧化钠，从而可实现氢氧化钠得循环再生，除硫效率达60％，同时喷淋液还可以除去残留的烟尘；脱硫后废气进入脱硝塔湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气，实现脱硝的目的，该法可除去烟气中80％以上的NO x；脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来经收集后可用于聚合氯化铝的配制；此后，烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
具体实施中，第一、二混料机可用犁刀混料机，压滤机可用板框压滤。
采用实施例1-4的处理方法，并应用于实施例5的处理系统，对处理系统处理产生的焚烧残渣的各项指标进行了检测，实施例1-4的残渣均能达到下述标准，残渣含水率＜1％，烧失量≤50％。残渣污染物浓度参见表1，卫生学指标参见表2。
表1 污染物浓度
序号 控制项目 限值/(mg/kg残渣)
1 总镉 ＜20
2 总汞 ＜5
3 总铅 ＜300
4 总铬 ＜1000
5 总砷 ＜75
6 总镍 ＜200
7 总锌 ＜4000
8 总铜 ＜1500
表2 卫生学指标
序号 控制项目 限值
1 粪大肠菌群菌值 <0.01
2 蛔虫卵死亡率 ＞95％

Claims (10)

  1. 一种生活污泥的无害化处理方法是指在焚烧处理前对生活污泥进行脱水预处理的处理方法，其特征在于，所述脱水预处理包括以下两个步骤：
    步骤1：将生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝按比例混合，经过脱水制得含水率为60～65％的泥饼；
    步骤2：按生活污泥原始质量计，将占生活污泥原始质量1-10％的生物质碳粉和占生活污泥原始质量2-5％的糠壳，与步骤1所得泥饼混合制得混合污泥。
  2. 如权利要求1所述处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝的比例按质量比为100:1～10:1～6，优选的，所述步骤1中生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝的比例按质量比为100：5：3。
  3. 如权利要求2所述处理方法，其特征在于，所述聚合氯化铝是指质量百分浓度30％的聚合氯化铝水溶液。
  4. 如权利要求3所述处理方法，其特征在于，所述焚烧处理是指将混合污泥经负压循环蓄热焚烧系统焚烧处理，所述负压循环蓄热焚烧系统是指采用焚烧产生的烟气对混合污泥进行预干燥的焚烧系统。
  5. 如权利要求3所述处理方法，其特征在于，所述焚烧处理后，还包括烟气净化处理和残渣处理，所述烟气净化处理包括以下步骤：
    步骤a：将焚烧产生的烟气换热，通过引风机送至袋式除尘器中除去烟尘；
    步骤b：将步骤a除尘后的废气进行喷淋除硫，喷淋液为氢氧化钠溶液；
    步骤c：将步骤b脱硫后废气进行湿法脱硝，通过喷淋尿素溶液并控制溶液PH将烟气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气；
    步骤d：将步骤c脱硝后的烟气送入汽水分离器中，在汽水分离器中烟气中的水被分离出来，并用于聚合氯化铝的配制；
    步骤e：将步骤d处理后的烟气通过活性炭吸附器，通过活性炭吸附除去烟气可能残留的重金属以及二噁英，使烟气达标。
  6. 一种生活污泥的无害化处理系统，包括对生活污泥进行脱水预处理的预处理系统(1)、对混合污泥进行焚烧处理的负压循环蓄热焚烧系统(2)、残渣处理系统(3)和对烟气进行烟气净化处理的烟气净化系统(4)，其特征在于，所述预处理系统(1)包括：用于混匀生活污泥、石灰和聚合氯化铝的第一混料机(13)，用于压滤污泥的压滤机(14)、用于混匀泥饼、生物质炭和糠壳的第二混料机，多个计量称(12)和储料仓(11)，其中，第一混料机(13)、压滤机(14)和第二混料机(15)依次通过运输装置(16)相连接，所 述第一混料机(13)为双轴螺旋混料机或犁刀混料机，所述第二混料机(15)为双轴螺旋混料机或犁刀混料机，所述压滤机(14)为钢带式压滤机或板框压滤机。
  7. 如权利要求6所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统，其特征在于，所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统还包括对生活污泥的无害化处理系统进行监测以及控制的中心控制系统。
  8. 如权利要求7所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统，其特征在于，所述负压循环蓄热焚烧系统(2)，包括：依次具有布料段(200)、预热段(201)、点火段(202)、焚烧段(203)和冷却段(204)的焚烧装置(20)；焚烧段(203)上方的烟气循环装置(22)；布料段(200)上方的布料装置(21)和位于预热段(201)、点火段(202)、焚烧段(203)和冷却的抽风装置(23)，所述焚烧装置(20)还包括：预热段(201)上方的预热罩(206)、点火段(202)上方的点火器(205)、能在布料段(200)、预热段(201)、点火段(202)、焚烧段(203)和冷却段(204)自由滑动的焚烧台车(208)和预热罩(206)上的预热循环烟气进口(207)，所述预热循环烟气的进口用于来自焚烧段(203)的循环烟气的进入。
  9. 如权利要求8所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统，其特征在于，所述烟气循环装置(22)包括单个或多个独立烟气罩(22)，烟气罩(22)上具有循环烟气进口(220)和循环烟气进口(221)，所述抽风装置(23)包括三个或三个以上独立的抽风罩(230)，抽风罩(230)上连接有抽风管(231)，抽风管(231)上设有抽风泵(232)；位于点火段(202)下方抽风罩(230)与焚烧段(203)上方的第一个烟气罩(22)相连通，位于焚烧段(203)下方的最后一个抽风罩(230)与预热罩(206)相连通，位于冷却段(204)下方的抽风罩(230)与烟气净化系统(4)相连通。
  10. 如权利要求9所述生活污泥的无害化处理系统，其特征在于，所述烟气净化系统(4)依次包括换热器、旋风分离器、脱硫塔、脱硝塔、汽水分离器、活性炭吸附器。
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