WO2019062348A1 - 一种超声骨刀刀头 - Google Patents

一种超声骨刀刀头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019062348A1
WO2019062348A1 PCT/CN2018/100140 CN2018100140W WO2019062348A1 WO 2019062348 A1 WO2019062348 A1 WO 2019062348A1 CN 2018100140 W CN2018100140 W CN 2018100140W WO 2019062348 A1 WO2019062348 A1 WO 2019062348A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutter head
ultrasonic bone
scalpel
cutting
blade body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/100140
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹群
胡晓明
李春媛
Original Assignee
北京水木天蓬医疗技术有限公司
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Application filed by 北京水木天蓬医疗技术有限公司 filed Critical 北京水木天蓬医疗技术有限公司
Priority to KR1020207012419A priority Critical patent/KR20200066328A/ko
Priority to US16/651,950 priority patent/US11684375B2/en
Priority to EP18861547.0A priority patent/EP3677201A4/en
Priority to AU2018342359A priority patent/AU2018342359B2/en
Priority to MX2020002920A priority patent/MX2020002920A/es
Priority to JP2020518437A priority patent/JP7197923B2/ja
Publication of WO2019062348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019062348A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613—Component parts
    • A61B17/1615—Drill bits, i.e. rotating tools extending from a handpiece to contact the worked material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1604—Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1644—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans using fluid other than turbine drive fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/77—Suction-irrigation systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1644—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans using fluid other than turbine drive fluid
    • A61B2017/1651—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans using fluid other than turbine drive fluid for cooling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/32007—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with suction or vacuum means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A61B2017/320074—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade
    • A61B2017/320077—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade double edge blade, e.g. reciprocating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320084—Irrigation sleeves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of surgical instruments, and in particular relates to an ultrasonic bone cutter head.
  • the tip end of the ultrasonic bone cutter that is, the end of the cutter head has only a single cutting width.
  • the doctor needs an accurate cutting of a large width, it can only be completed by multiple reciprocating cutting, or replacing the ultrasonic cutter head of different widths.
  • the reciprocating cutting operation makes it difficult for the doctor to accurately grasp the width of the incision, and it takes a long time to replace the ultrasonic cutter heads of different widths, which affects the continuity of the surgeon's surgical operation and prolongs the operation time to some extent.
  • the invention designs an ultrasonic bone cutter head, which solves the problem that the use effect of the ultrasonic bone cutter tip portion, that is, the cutter head end portion only has a single cutting width, is not satisfactory in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides an ultrasonic bone cutter head, comprising: a cutter bar, a blade body and a cutter head end, one end of the cutter bar being connected to the cutter head end, the cutter The other end of the rod is connected to the blade body, and the end portion of the cutter head is a cylinder having a polygonal structure in cross section or a structure similar to a cylinder, and the cutter head end portion has at least two cutting faces having different cutting widths.
  • the polygonal structure is a center symmetrical structure, and inner corners formed by adjacent sides of the polygonal structure are obtuse angles.
  • the shortest distance and the longest distance among the distances of the pair of sides of the polygonal structure are not equal, and the two sets of opposite sides having the shortest distance and the longest distance respectively are mutually Vertical so that the tip end is provided with at least two precise, easy to operate cutting widths.
  • the cutter head is provided with a liquid flow hole.
  • the liquid flow hole includes a longitudinal center hole of the blade body and a drainage hole penetrating the end of the longitudinal center hole of the blade body, and a longitudinal center hole of the blade body The end is located at the connection end of the blade body connected to the arbor.
  • the drainage hole penetrates perpendicularly to an end of the longitudinal center hole of the blade body.
  • the flow orifice includes a longitudinal center through hole extending through the blade body and the cutter bar and extending all the way to the end of the cutter head.
  • the cutter head end portion is provided with a knurling structure, and the knurling structure extends from the foremost end surface of the cutter head end portion toward the arbor direction.
  • the knurling structure on the cutting surface having the smallest cutting width of the end portion of the cutter head extends in the direction of the shank more than the knurling surface on the cutting surface having the largest cutting width The length of the structure extending in the direction of the arbor.
  • the end surface of the tip end portion of the cutter head is a convex structure or a concave surface structure.
  • the cutter bar and the blade body are connected by a bevel transition, a smooth transition between the cutter bar and the cutter head end, and the blade end is provided with
  • the threaded structure is connected to the ultrasonic device.
  • the present invention solves the problem in the prior art that the use effect of the ultrasonic bone cutter tip portion having only a single cutting width is not satisfactory. It is especially suitable for the accurate cutting of bone tissue or other organisms (such as cartilage) and its bionic tissues (such as bone cement) using ultrasonic vibration.
  • the invention not only satisfies the doctor's requirement for the accuracy of the bone cutting width, but also avoids the time required to replace the different width cutter heads and improves the surgical efficiency.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, convenient adjustment of the cutting width of the cutter head, easy operation and large adjustable range.
  • the inside of the cutter head is machined with a hollow liquid flow hole, and the end portion of the cutter head is processed into a ⁇ -type structure to reduce the contact area between the cutter head and the tissue cutting, and at the same time provide a flow path of the liquid flow to reduce the cutting area. temperature.
  • the hollow liquid flow hole inside the cutter head can also drain the debris of the cutting tissue through the inner hole by using a negative pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is a first operational state view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a second working state diagram of the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the end portion of the ultrasonic bone cutter bit of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a first working state view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a second working state view of the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 1 is a first operational state view of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a second operational state diagram of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the present embodiment.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a blade body 1, a cutter bar 2 and a tip end portion 3, and one end of the cutter bar 2 is connected to the tip end portion 3, and the cutter bar The other end of 2 is connected to the blade body 1.
  • the tip end portion 3 is a column having a polygonal structure or an approximately cylindrical structure.
  • the tip end portion 3 has at least two cutting faces having different cutting widths for contacting biological tissues such as bones.
  • the cutting face of the tip end 3 can be selected by rotating the working angle of the bit to obtain at least two different cutting widths.
  • the cylindrical surface of the tip end portion 3 or the side plane of the approximate cylindrical structure constitutes at least two cutting faces having different cutting widths.
  • the cross section of the tip end portion 3 has a polygonal structure.
  • the polygonal structure is a central symmetrical structure, and the inner corners formed by adjacent sides of the polygonal structure are obtuse angles.
  • the polygonal structure is a convex octagonal structure.
  • the shortest distance and the longest distance are not equal, and the two sets of opposite sides having the shortest distance and the longest distance are perpendicular to each other, so that the cutter head is along the axis.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show two typical operational states of the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of Fig. 2 is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the ultrasonic bone cutter head of Fig. 1 along the cutter head axis.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tip end 3 perpendicular to the axis.
  • the effective cutting width is represented by a in FIG. 3
  • the effective cutting width is the shortest distance among the distances between the opposite sides of each group in the polygonal structure;
  • the bone cutter head When the bone cutter head is in the operating state shown in Fig. 2, its effective cutting width is indicated by b in Fig.
  • the effective cutting width a and the effective cutting width b are not equal, and the two sets of opposite sides having the effective cutting width a and the effective cutting width b are perpendicular to each other, so that the cutting head has two cuttings when rotating along the axis.
  • Accurate cutting width and accurate control of the tissue cutting width can be achieved by rotating the tip 90 degrees.
  • the working angle of the ultrasonic bone cutter head can be arbitrary, and the cutting width to the biological tissue can be any value between the two exact cutting widths.
  • more than two exact cut widths can be achieved by increasing the number of cross-section edges.
  • the end of the blade body 1 is provided with a threaded structure 11 for connection with an ultrasonic device.
  • the thread structure 11 may be an external thread structure or an internal thread structure. In this embodiment, an external thread structure is adopted.
  • One end of the shank 2 is connected to the blade body 1, and the shank 2 and the blade body 1 are connected by a slope transition.
  • the other end of the shank 2 is connected to the tip end 3, and a smooth transition between the shank 2 and the tip end 3 is achieved.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head may be a one-piece structure or a split assembly structure. In the embodiment, the ultrasonic bone cutter head adopts an integrated structure.
  • FIG. 4 to 5 show an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 is a first operational state view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a second operational state diagram of the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the second embodiment of the present invention has substantially the same structure as the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the second embodiment of the present invention is
  • a liquid flow hole 4 is provided in the ultrasonic bone cutter head.
  • the liquid flow hole 4 includes a longitudinal center hole of the blade body 1 and a drainage hole 41 penetrating the end of the longitudinal center hole of the blade body 1.
  • the longitudinal drainage holes 41 extend laterally in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the blade.
  • the end of the longitudinal center hole of the blade body 1 is located at the connection end of the blade body 1 to which the shank 2 is connected.
  • the flow orifice 4 can introduce a flow of liquid into the shank 2 and flow by gravity to the tip end 3 to reduce the temperature of the cutting zone.
  • the drain hole 41 and the end of the longitudinal center hole of the blade body 1 are vertically penetrated.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the third embodiment of the present invention has substantially the same structure as the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the second embodiment of the present invention, except that the ultrasonic bone in the third embodiment of the present invention is
  • the tip end portion 3 of the blade head is provided with a knurling structure, and the knurling structure extends from the foremost end surface 31 of the tip end portion 3 toward the shank 2 to form a ⁇ -shaped cutter head.
  • the knurled structure can reduce the contact area of the ultrasonic osteotome with the bone tissue, increase the ultrasonic power density of the tissue surface, and also facilitate the knurling structure to provide a liquid flow path for draining the liquid to the surface of the cutting tissue for cooling.
  • the foremost end surface 31 of the tip end portion 3 is processed into a convex structure.
  • the length of the knurled structure on the cutting surface having the smallest cutting width in the cutter head end portion 3 extending in the direction of the shank 2 is larger than the cutting.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic bone cutter head according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention has substantially the same structure as the ultrasonic bone cutter head according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and is different in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the flow orifice 4 of the ultrasonic bone cutter head is a longitudinal center through hole extending through the blade body 1 and the cutter bar 2 and extending all the way to the tip end portion 3.
  • the coolant can be drained to reduce the temperature of the cutting area, and the cutting tissue debris can be sucked out by the liquid flow hole by the negative pressure to ensure the clear vision of the operation.
  • the foremost end surface 31 of the tip end portion 3 is processed into a concave structure.
  • the ultrasonic bone cutter head of the invention can accurately cut in various widths, which not only meets the doctor's requirement for the accuracy of the bone cutting width, but also avoids the time required to replace the different width cutter heads, thereby improving the operation efficiency.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, convenient adjustment of the cutting width of the cutter head, easy operation and large adjustable range.

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Abstract

一种超声骨刀刀头，包括刀身（1）、刀杆（2）和刀头端部（3），刀杆（2）的一端与刀头端部（3）相连，刀杆（2）的另一端与刀身（1）相连。刀头端部（3）是横截面为多边形结构的柱体或近似柱体的结构，刀头端部（2）至少有两种切割宽度不同的切割面。在刀头设置有液流孔（41），刀头端部（3）设置有滚花结构，滚花结构从刀头端部（3）的最前端端面开始向刀杆（2）方向延伸，以形成锉型刀头。该超声骨刀刀头既满足了医生对骨骼切割宽度的准确性需求，也可避免更换不同宽度刀头所需的时间，提高了手术效率。

Description

一种超声骨刀刀头 技术领域
本发明属于外科手术器械领域，具体涉及一种超声骨刀刀头。
背景技术
在骨科超声手术中，医生使用超声骨刀对骨骼或其它生物及其仿生组织(如软骨、骨水泥)进行切割、磨削或整形。
目前的超声骨刀的刀尖部位也即刀头端部仅具备单一切割宽度，当医生需要较大宽度的准确切割时，只能通过多次往复切削完成，或者更换不同宽度的超声刀头。往复切削操作使医生难以准确掌握切口宽度，而更换不同宽度的超声刀头需要较长的时间，影响医生手术操作的连续性并一定程度上延长了手术时间。
发明内容
本发明设计了一种超声骨刀刀头，解决了现有技术中因超声骨刀刀尖部位即刀头端部仅具备单一切割宽度而导致的使用效果不理想的问题。
为了解决上述存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种超声骨刀刀头，其中，包括刀杆、刀身和刀头端部，所述刀杆的一端与所述刀头端部相连，所述刀杆的另一端与所述刀身相连，所述刀头端部是横截面为多边形结构的柱体或近似柱体的结构，所述刀头端部至少有两种切割宽度不同的切割面。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述多边形结构为中心对称结构，且所述多边形结构的相邻边构成的内角均为钝角。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述多边形结构各组对边间的距离中的最短距离与最长距离不相等，且分别拥有最短距离和最长距离的两组对边相互垂直，以使所述刀头端部具备至少两种精确、易操作的切割宽度。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，在所述刀头设置有液流孔。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述液流孔包括所述刀身的纵向中心孔以及与所述刀身的纵向中心孔的末端相贯通的引流孔，所述刀身的纵向中心孔的末端位于所述刀身与所述刀杆相连接的连接端。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述引流孔与所述刀身的纵向中心孔的末端垂直贯通。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述液流孔包括贯通所述刀身和所述刀杆并一直延伸到所述刀头端部的纵向中心通孔。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述刀头端部设置有滚花结构，所述滚花结构从所述刀头端部的最前端端面开始向所述刀杆方向延伸，以形成锉型刀头。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述刀头端部的、切割宽度最小的切割面上滚花结构向所述刀杆方向延伸的长度大于切割宽度最大的切割面上滚花结构向所述刀杆方向延伸的长度。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述刀头端部的最前端的端面是凸面结构或凹面结构。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头中，优选为，所述刀杆和所述刀身之间通过 斜面过渡连接，所述刀杆和所述刀头端部之间平滑过渡，所述刀身末端设置有螺纹结构以与超声波装置连接。
该超声骨刀刀头具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明解决了现有技术中因超声骨刀刀尖部位仅具备单一切割宽度而导致的使用效果不理想的问题。特别适用于利用超声振动实现骨骼组织或其它生物(如软骨)及其仿生组织(如骨水泥)的准确切割。
(2)本发明既满足了医生对骨骼切割宽度的准确性需求，也可避免更换不同宽度刀头所需的时间，提高了手术效率。
(3)本发明结构简单、使用寿命长，刀头的切割宽度调节方便、操作容易、可调范围大。
(4)本发明中，刀头内部加工有中空液流孔，刀头端部加工为锉型结构以降低刀头与组织切割时的接触面积，并同时提供液流的流动路径以降低切割区域的温度。刀头内部的中空液流孔，还可将切割组织的碎屑通过内孔利用负压进行引流。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第一工作状态图；
图2为本发明第一实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第二工作状态图；
图3为本发明第一实施方式的超声骨刀刀头刀头端部的横截面图；
图4为本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第一工作状态图；
图5为本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第二工作状态图；
图6为本发明第三实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的结构示意图；
图7为本发明第四实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1～刀身；11～连接螺纹；2～刀杆；3～刀头端部；31～最前端端面；4～液流孔；41～引流孔。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所 描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面通过具体的实施例子并结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述。图1至图3示出了本发明第一种实施方式的超声骨刀刀头。图1为本实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第一工作状态图，图2为本实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第二工作状态图。如图1和图2所示，本发明第一实施方式的超声骨刀刀头包括刀身1、刀杆2和刀头端部3，刀杆2的一端与刀头端部3相连，刀杆2的另一端与刀身1相连。刀头端部3是横截面为多边形结构的柱体或近似柱体的结构，刀头端部3至少有切割宽度不同的两种切割面，用于与骨骼等生物组织接触。工作时，可通过旋转刀头的工作角度来选择刀头端部3的切割面，从而获得至少两种不同的切割宽度。本实施例中，刀头端部3的柱面或近似柱体结构的侧平面至少组成两种切割宽度不同的切割面。
图3为本实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的刀头端部的横截面图。如图3所示，刀头端部3的横截面为多边形结构。优选为，多边形结构为中心对称结构，并且多边形结构的相邻边构成的内角均为钝角。本实施例中，多边形结构是凸八边形结构。当增大刀头直径时，可通过增加横截面边的数量来实现两种以上切割宽度。
如图3所示，多边形结构各组对边间的距离中，最短距离与最长距离不相等，且分别拥有最短距离和最长距离的两组对边相互垂直，这样使得刀头在沿轴线旋转进行切割时，可具有至少两种准确的切割宽度，并且这两种准确的切割宽度易于选择，从而便于操作。
图1和图2示出了本发明第一实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的两种典型工作状态。图2中的超声骨刀刀头相对于图1中的超声骨刀刀头沿刀头轴线旋转了90度进行切割工作。图3为刀头端部3的垂直于轴线的横截面图。当超声骨刀刀头为图1所示的工作状态时，其有效切割宽度由图3中的a表示，该有效切割宽度是多边形结构中各组对边间的距离中的最短距离；当超声骨刀刀头为图2所示的工作状态时，其有效切割宽度由图3中的b表示，该有效切割宽度是多边形结构各组对边间的距离中的最长距离。如图3所示，有效切割宽度a和有效切割宽度b不相等，且拥有有效切割宽度a和有效切割宽度b的两组对边相互垂直，使得刀头在沿轴线旋转进行切割时，具有两种准确切割宽度，并且只要将刀头旋转90度即可实现对组织切割宽度的准确控制。当然，超声骨刀刀头的工作角度可以是任意的，对生物组织的切割宽度可以是介于两个准确切割宽度之间的任意值。当增大刀头直径时，可通过增加横截面边的数量来实现两种以上准确切割宽度。
如图1和图2所示，刀身1末端设置有螺纹结构11以与超声波装置连接，本实施例中，刀身1末端连接超声变幅杆。螺纹结构11可以是外螺纹结构，也可以是内螺纹结构，本实施例中，采用了外螺纹结构。刀杆2的一端连接刀身1，刀杆2和刀身1之间通过斜面过渡连接。刀杆2 另一端与刀头端部3相连接，刀杆2和刀头端部3之间平滑过渡。该超声骨刀刀头可以是一体式结构，也可以是分体式组装结构，本实施例中，该超声骨刀刀头采用一体式结构。
图4至图5示出了本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头。图4为本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第一工作状态图；图5为本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的第二工作状态图。如图4、图5所示，本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头与本发明第一实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的结构基本相同，不同之处在于本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头中设置有液流孔4。液流孔4包括刀身1的纵向中心孔以及与刀身1的纵向中心孔的末端贯通的引流孔41。该纵向引流孔41沿垂直于刀身轴线的方向而横向延伸。刀身1的纵向中心孔的末端位于刀身1上与刀杆2相连接的连接端。该液流孔4可将液流引入到刀杆2并借助重力作用而流至刀头端部3，以降低切割区域的温度。本实施例中，引流孔41和刀身1的纵向中心孔的末端垂直贯通。
图6为本发明第三实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的结构示意图。如图6所示，本发明第三实施方式的超声骨刀刀头与本发明第二实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的结构基本相同，不同之处在于本发明第三实施方式中的超声骨刀刀头的刀头端部3设置有滚花结构，滚花结构从刀头端部3的最前端端面31开始向刀杆2方向延伸，以形成锉型刀头。滚花结构可降低超声骨刀与骨骼组织的接触面积，提高组织表面的超声功率密度，也有利于滚花结构提供液体流动路径将液体引流到切割组织表面而进行降温。刀头端部3的最前端端面31加工成凸面结构。
如图6所示，本发明第三实施方式的超声骨刀刀头中，所述刀头端部3中，其切割宽度最小的切割面上滚花结构向刀杆2方向延伸的长度大于切割宽度最大的切割面上滚花结构向刀杆2方向延伸的长度。
图7为本发明第四实施方式的超声骨刀刀头的结构示意图。如图7 所示，本发明第四实施方式中的超声骨刀刀头与本发明第三实施方式中的超声骨刀刀头的结构基本相同，不同之处在于本发明第四实施方式中的超声骨刀刀头的液流孔4是贯通刀身1和刀杆2并一直延伸到刀头端部3的纵向中心通孔。通过这样的设计，既可以引流冷却液从而降低切割区域的温度，也可将切削组织碎屑借助负压由液流孔吸出从而保证手术视野的清晰。刀头端部3的最前端端面31加工成了凹面结构。
本发明的超声骨刀刀头能够以多种宽度准确地进行切割，既满足了医生对骨骼切割宽度的准确性需求，也可避免更换不同宽度刀头所需的时间，从而提高了手术效率。本发明结构简单，使用寿命长，刀头的切割宽度调节方便、操作容易、可调范围大。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超声骨刀刀头，包括刀杆、刀身和刀头端部，所述刀杆的一端与所述刀头端部相连，所述刀杆的另一端与所述刀身相连，其特征在于，
    所述刀头端部是横截面为多边形结构的柱体或近似柱体，所述刀头端部至少有两种不同切割宽度的切割面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述多边形结构为中心对称结构，且所述多边形结构的相邻边构成的内角均为钝角。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述多边形结构各组对边间的距离中的最短距离与最长距离不相等，并且分别拥有最短距离和最长距离的两组对边相互垂直，以使得所述刀头端部具备至少两种切割宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    在所述刀头设置有液流孔。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述液流孔包括所述刀身的纵向中心孔以及与所述刀身的纵向中心孔的末端贯通的引流孔，所述刀身的纵向中心孔的末端位于所述刀身与所述刀杆的连接端。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述液流孔包括贯通所述刀杆和所述刀身并一直延伸到所述刀头端部的纵向中心通孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2、3、5或6所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在 于，
    所述刀头端部设置有滚花结构，所述滚花结构从所述刀头端部的最前端端面开始向所述刀杆方向延伸，以形成锉型刀头。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述刀头端部的切割宽度最小的切割面上滚花结构向所述刀杆方向延伸的长度大于切割宽度最大的切割面上滚花结构向所述刀杆方向延伸的长度。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2、3、5、6或8所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述刀头端部的最前端的端面是凸面结构或凹面结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1、2、3、5、6或8所述的超声骨刀刀头，其特征在于，
    所述刀身和所述刀杆之间通过斜面过渡连接，所述刀杆和所述刀头端部之间平滑过渡，所述刀身末端设置有螺纹结构以与超声波装置连接。
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