WO2019059027A1 - 5-アミノレブリン酸を含むエビ目用組成物 - Google Patents
5-アミノレブリン酸を含むエビ目用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an orally administered composition for the order of the order including at least one selected from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof, a feed and a feed additive, more specifically
- the present invention relates to an orally administered composition for the prophylaxis or treatment of Early-stage Eribic Death Syndrome / Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis (EMS / AHPND), which comprises at least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof.
- EMS / AHPND Early-stage Eribic Death Syndrome / Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis
- the present invention relates to a method comprising ingesting at least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to an organism of the ordershrimp, and more specifically, 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or those
- the present invention relates to a method for preventing and / or treating Early Stage Early Death Syndrome / Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis (EMS / AHPND), which comprises feeding at least one selected from the salts of the following to the order of the ordershrimp.
- EMS / AHPND Early Stage Early Death Syndrome / Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis
- Non-Patent Document 1 In shrimp farming, different from the natural environment, in general, it is reared at high density, and due to excessive stress and the like, occurrence of various diseases has been recognized in shrimp farms. Since the survival rate of aquaculture animals and animals greatly affects aquaculture management, appropriate response to disease is required in the aquaculture industry.
- EMS Early Mortality Syndrome
- This early death syndrome is also called EMS / AHPND (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease) because symptoms such as discoloration appear in the hepatopancreas of shrimp in the EMS and become necrotic.
- EMS / AHPND Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease
- Patent Document 1 suggests Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a target bacterium, it is not disclosed specifically that a vaccine for Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been produced, and by no means this vaccine It is not at all clear that the therapy is effective in preventing and treating EMS / AHPND. Furthermore, it is clear that it would be desirable if there is a way to prevent / treat EMS / AHPND with cheap and easily available materials than specialized vaccines. In addition, it is more desirable if there is a substance that brings about an advantageous effect in shrimp culture other than the prevention / treatment of EMS / AHPND.
- 5-ALA is present in the mitochondria of cells, is biosynthesized in mitochondria in animals, and is an essential component for metabolism such as binding to iron to become a source of heme and cytochrome, and in plants, it is viable in chloroplasts. It is known that it is synthesized and combined with magnesium to become chlorophyll and is an essential component for photosynthesis.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing 5-ALA phosphate, and also describes that a method for synthesizing 5-ALA hydrochloride is already known. In addition, a method for producing 5-ALA by a microorganism is also known (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 4 describes a composition for preventing and treating infection of fish pathogenic microorganisms containing 5-ALA as an active ingredient, and further, as the fish pathogenic microorganism, Edwardsiella tarda bacteria ( Edwardsiella tarda ) , Streptococcus bacteria (Streptococcus sp.) Staphylococcus bacteria belonging to the genus (Staphylococcus sp.), Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria (Staphilococcus epidermidis), bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas sp.), or Vibrio Anguirarumu bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum) Is described.
- Edwardsiella tarda bacteria Edwardsiella tarda
- Streptococcus bacteria Streptococcus sp.
- Staphylococcus bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus sp.
- Patent Document 4 does not discuss the influence of 5-ALA on organisms of the order Shrimp. Furthermore, because Vibrio anguillarum ( Vibrio anguillarum ) described in Patent Document 4 is different from Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is the causative organism of EMS / AHPND in the order of the shrimp, it does not produce EMS / AHPND in the organism of the order Nematode . Therefore, from the description of Patent Document 4, the EMS / AHPND prevention / treatment effect of 5-ALA in a living order of the order shrimp can not be predicted at all. In addition, it is not known that 5-ALA promotes the growth of the order Eridiformes.
- JP 2015-137254 A Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-182753 JP, 2005-333907, A JP, 2001-316255, A
- compositions for shrimp which are useful in the breeding and aquaculture of prawn-like organisms such as prawn and which are capable of preventing and treating EMS / AHPND.
- development of an orally administered composition for shrimp order that can not only prevent / treat EMS / AHPND of a shrimp order organism but also promote its growth has been desired.
- an orally administered composition for shrimps has not been realized.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies on an orally administered composition for shrimps that could solve the above problems, and found that at least one selected from the group consisting of 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof. The composition containing it was found to be extremely useful, and based on this, the present invention was completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- An orally administered composition for the order of the order comprising at least one selected from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof.
- EMS / AHPND Ebileria early death syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
- EMS / AHPND Ebileria early death syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
- EMS / AHPND Ebileria early death syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
- EMS / AHPND Ebileria early death syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
- a salt thereof Administration composition.
- [5] A method comprising ingesting at least one species selected from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to an organism of the order Shrimp.
- Early-stage mortality syndrome / acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease which comprises causing at least one species selected from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to be taken up by a shrimp order How to prevent / treat EMS / AHPND).
- a method for promoting the growth of a shrimp-like organism which comprises feeding it to a shrimp-like organism in an amount of 0.25 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day to 2.5 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day.
- the orally administered composition for shrimp order comprising at least one selected from 5-ALA or its ester of the present invention, or a salt thereof prevents or treats shrimp order EMS / AHPND in breeding and aquaculture of organisms of the order shrimp. It has the effect of being able to As a result, EMS / AHPND can be prevented and treated, which would cause the death rate to almost 100% in the past, which can bring about economic contribution in breeding and aquaculture of the order of the order Erididae.
- the orally administered composition for the order of the present invention has an advantageous effect of promoting growth when it is administered to organisms of the order of the predetermined dose. This advantageous effect is an effect that has not been known hitherto, and is an effect that was not expected by those skilled in the art of rearing and rearing organisms of the order shrimp.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing hepatopancreas ATP levels of panacea nigra shrimp treated with 5-ALA for 2 weeks in comparison with a control group not administered 5-ALA.
- the gene expression of phenoloxidase precursor (proPO) in the hepatopancreas when treated with infection with the cause of EMS / AHPND ( Vibrio parahaemolyticus ) to the pan-fried shrimp with ALA treated with 5-ALA for 3 months It is a graph shown comparing with the control group which has not administered ALA. It is a graph which shows the gene expression of nuclear receptor E75 in the hepatopancreas of the pandora shrimp which administered 5-ALA over 3 months compared with the control group which has not received 5-ALA.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an orally administered composition for the order of the order comprising at least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof.
- 5-aminolevulinic acid is a compound also referred to as ⁇ -aminolevulinic acid.
- “5-ALA or an ester thereof” is “5-ALA or 5-ALA ester” and may be represented by the following formula (I).
- “the salts thereof” in the description of "5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof” refers to a salt of 5-ALA or a salt of a 5-ALA ester.
- this salt for example, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, phosphate, methyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate, phosphite, hypophosphite, nitrate, sulfate, acetate, Propionate, toluene sulfonate, succinate, oxalate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, methanesulfonate, butyrate, valerate, citrate, fumarate, maleate And acid addition salts such as malate, and metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt and calcium salt, ammonium salts, alkyl ammonium salts and the like, but not limited thereto.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group.
- the formula (I) represents 5-ALA.
- the formula (I) represents a 5-ALA ester.
- the linear or branched alkyl group represented by R 1 is preferably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 18, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group and an n-butyl group.
- cycloalkyl group examples include not only cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group and the like, but also a cycloalkyl group having an alkyl substituent, for example, 1 carbon Also included are cycloalkyl groups having an alkyl substituent of -6, such as 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-ethylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclooctyl and the like.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-hexadecyl group or a 2-ethylhexyl group is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- a benzyl group or a phenethyl group is preferable, and a benzyl group is particularly preferable.
- the aryl group of the aralkyl group is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms as described above, such as an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, or a tert-butoxy group.
- the active ingredient used in the present invention may be any of 5-ALA, 5-ALA ester, 5-ALA salt, or a salt of 5-ALA ester.
- a combination of 5-ALA and a salt of 5-ALA ester may be used.
- At least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester or a salt thereof used in the present invention may be in a purified state, or in a crude purified state, or obtained by synthesis. It may be in the form of a mixture.
- 5-ALA salt is preferably used as an active ingredient, and more preferably 5-ALA hydrochloride and / or 5-ALA phosphate is used as an active ingredient.
- Ephiridiformes is one of crustacean taxonomic groups, also called decapoda ( Decapoda ), and is a living group including shrimp, crab and hermit crabs.
- the shrimp order organism is shrimp, and more preferably a kuruma shrimp order also referred to as Dendrobranchiata . More preferably, the order of the order of the order of the present invention is that of the Penaeidae .
- the organisms of the order Shrimp of the present invention are the spiny lobster shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ), kuruma prawn ( Marsupenaeus japonicus ), beef prawn (black tiger) ( Penaeus monodon ), koi prawn (Taisho shrimp) ( Fenneropenaeus chinensis ), Futomizoebi (Melicertus latisulcatus), Metapenaeus Ensis (Metapenaeus ensis), Akaebi (Metapenaeopsis barbata), Kumaebi (Penaeus semisulcatus) is but are not limited to such.
- the shrimp-like organism targeted by the present invention is spiny lobster.
- the organism in the subject of the present invention is juvenile shrimp, and still more preferably, the organism in the subject of the present invention Is a juvenile prawn family.
- the composition for oral administration for shrimps is not particularly limited as long as it is a composition orally administered to organisms of shrimps.
- the orally administered composition of the present invention is preferably a feed for shrimps or It is a feed additive for shrimps.
- the shrimp order feed may contain any component as long as it is a component generally used for breeding and aquaculture of shrimp species and may be produced by any production method.
- almost the same raw materials as those for conventional shrimp feed can be used.
- squid meal, krill meal, white meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, etc. used for general shrimp feed Protein source, gluten, binders such as starch, other vitamin mixtures, mineral mixtures, and those containing trace metals, but are not limited thereto.
- the feed for shrimp according to the present invention may have any shape and size depending on the type and size of the living creature of the order shrimp.
- the feed for shrimp according to the present invention can be produced in various forms.
- the feed for shrimp according to the present invention may be a powdered feed obtained by mixing dry raw materials, a solidified feed obtained by solidifying powder, such as dry pellets, or a solidified feed containing water, such as paste. It may be feed or moist pellets and the like.
- general powdered shrimp aquaculture feed and at least one active ingredient selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof, optionally mixed with a mixing medium such as water The mixture is molded, for example, the mixture is extruded from a 50 mL syringe, and the molded product is dried, for example, dried at 60 to 65 ° C. for about 2 hours to obtain 5-ALA of the present invention or its ester, Alternatively, a shrimp diet may be formed which contains at least one selected from the salts thereof.
- the form of feed, the degree of dryness and the like are not particularly limited as long as there is no inconvenience in administration.
- the active ingredient contained in the feed ie, the salt of 5-ALA, 5-ALA ester, 5-ALA which may be contained in the feed
- the salt of 5-ALA ester is preferably 1 to 100 ppm, more preferably 2 to 50 ppm, still more preferably 3 to 20 ppm in terms of 5-ALA phosphate.
- the total amount of the active ingredients contained in the feed is preferably 5 to 50 ppm, more preferably 10 to 40 ppm, in terms of 5-ALA phosphate, from the viewpoint of promoting the growth of the shrimp order organism. Still more preferably, it is 15 to 30 ppm.
- the composition for oral administration for shrimps may be a feed additive for shrimps.
- the feed additive here is not particularly limited as long as it is an additive that can be added to a common shrimp order feed.
- the feed additive in the present invention comprises at least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof, and a spreading agent capable of causing the active ingredient to adhere to the feed for shrimp. It may be a medium that allows the active ingredient to be absorbed in the feed for the shrimp, or a medium that facilitates the mixing of the active ingredient into the feed for the feed for the shrimp It may be included.
- the feed additive of the present invention is preferably added to the feed so that the total amount of active ingredients contained in the feed falls within the above range.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method comprising ingesting at least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to an organism of the order Shrimp.
- Ingestion here is oral intake.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as at least one selected from the active ingredient 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof can be ingested by an organism of the order Shrimp.
- there is a method in which at least one selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof is added in an environment where a shrimp-like organism is reared, and the active ingredient is ingested in the order of shrimp-like.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is to promote the growth of a shrimp order comprising ingesting at least one selected from a predetermined amount of 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof into a creature of the order shrimp. It is a way to In this embodiment, the total amount of at least one selected from the active ingredient 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to be ingested by a shrimp order is preferably 5-ALA phosphate equivalent Per gram of the body weight of the shrimp order and per day, 0.25 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day to 2.5 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day to 2.0 ⁇ g / g ⁇ And even more preferably 0.75 to 1.5 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day.
- one of the mechanisms for promoting the growth of the shrimp order organisms in this embodiment of the present invention is the efficiency with which energy is extracted from the ingested food in the organisms of the shrimp order organisms. It seems that 5-ALA
- Another embodiment of the present invention is oral administration for the prophylaxis or treatment of Ebiraea early mortality syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (EMS / AHPND) comprising at least one selected from 5-ALA or its ester, or a salt thereof It is a composition.
- Ebiraea early mortality syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis EMS / AHPND
- still another embodiment of the present invention includes an Ebidocerus Early Mortality Syndrome / Acute hepatopancreas, comprising causing at least one species selected from 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to be taken up by an Ebidoptera organism. It is a method to prevent and treat necrosis disease (EMS / AHPND).
- prevention / treatment of "early death syndrome of the shrimp order / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS / AHPND)" is a serious cause of Vibrio parahaemolyticus , which is a serious problem in the cultivation of organisms of the order shrimp. It refers to the prevention and / or treatment of a disease of shrimp called early death syndrome / acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS / AHPND).
- the prevention means suppressing the onset of EMS / AHPND under at least one administration selected from 5-ALA or its ester, or a salt thereof, that is, completely suppressing the onset or the onset rate
- treatment refers to curing the infection of the order Nematode which has been infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or who has developed EMS / AHPND and EMS / AHPND.
- This embodiment of the present invention has an advantageous effect that at least one selected from the active ingredient 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof can prevent and / or treat EMS / AHPND of this order It plays. This effect is clearly shown in the examples in the form of reduction in mortality after attack of the pathogen.
- the total amount of at least one selected from the active ingredient 5-ALA or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof to be fed to ashrimp order organism is 5-ALA phosphorus
- the amount is preferably 0.05 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day to 5 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day to 2.5 ⁇ g, per 1 g body weight of the shrimp order in terms of acid salt and per day / G ⁇ day, even more preferably 0.15 to 1 ⁇ g / g ⁇ day.
- the present invention is also applicable to aquaculture in a large scale pond in Southeast Asia, etc.
- the present invention is also applicable to small-scale breeding in a water tank or the like.
- the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.
- Example 1 Preparation of a feed containing 5-ALA For feed culture of panama shrimp in Thailand so that the concentration of 5-ALA phosphate (C 5 H 9 NO 3 ⁇ H 3 PO 4 ) is 15 ppm.
- the powder was mixed well with the common commercial feed used in (1), and the powder feed and an equal amount of distilled water were added and mixed well.
- the resulting mixture was then filled into a 50 mL syringe and extruded to make a spaghetti-shaped shaped feed. It was dried at 60 to 65 ° C. for about 2 hours. After drying, the spaghetti-shaped molded feed was crushed into small pieces for easy administration. The pellets were stored in the refrigerator until use.
- Example 2 The effect of 5-ALA on the survival rate of breaded prawns attacked by Vibrio parahaemolyticus The breaded prawn with a weight of about 2 g was used. Twenty panama shrimps were put in a 100 L water tank per group and kept for 28 days. In the 5-ALA dose group, the feed prepared in Example 1 was administered, and in the control group, the same feed was administered except that no 5-ALA was contained. The feeding amount was 5% of the weight of the shrimp, and feeding was performed 4 times a day using an automatic feeder.
- pansy shrimp was transferred to a 15 L water tank containing seawater containing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in an amount of 3 ⁇ 10 5 cfu / ml, and infection treatment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was performed on pansy shrimp.
- the survival rate of pansy was confirmed for two more weeks after the infection treatment.
- FIG. 1 “Control” represents a control group, and “ALA” represents a 5-ALA administration group.
- Example 3 Breeding conditions for panama shrimp used in the following test: 400 panama shrimp with an average weight of 0.84 ⁇ 0.33 grams are divided into the following four groups of 100 per group, and each group is housed in a separate water tank did. At the start of breeding, and at 2 weeks and 3 months after the start of breeding, various items shown below were measured.
- A 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group administered with a feed containing 15 ppm 5-ALA.
- B A 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group administered with a feed containing 30 ppm 5-ALA.
- C 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group administered with a feed containing 60 ppm 5-ALA.
- D A control group to which a feed containing no 5-ALA was administered.
- the daily feed to the pan-fried shrimp was 5% of the average weight of the pan-fried shrimp. Feeding was given to the pansy radish shrimp in four divided doses (8:00, 13:00, 18:00 and 23:00) per day. The weight of the pansy shrimp was monitored by weighing the whole panacea shrimp in each group weekly and adjusting the daily food intake based on the measured body weight. Food and excrement left over was removed once a day. Water quality parameters were also monitored during breeding.
- a feed containing 15 ppm of 5-ALA was prepared as follows. 150 mg of 1% 5-ALA powder (containing 5-ALA phosphate (C 5 H 9 NO 3 ⁇ H 3 PO 4 )) is dissolved in 100 ml of water, and the resulting solution is 100 grams of shrimp powder The feed was mixed well with the feed (which was used as a powdered commercial feed commonly used for the cultivation of pandora shrimp in Thailand) to obtain a feed mixture. The feed mixture was then pelletized using a masher. The pellet was dried at 60 to 65 ° C. for about 2 to 3 hours in an incubator to obtain a feed containing 15 ppm of 5-ALA. The feed was stored at 4 ° C. in a refrigerator until use.
- a diet containing 30 ppm 5-ALA and a diet containing 60 ppm 5-ALA contained 15 ppm 5-ALA, except that the amount of 1% 5-ALA powder added was 300 mg and 600 mg, respectively. It was manufactured in the same way as the method of manufacturing feed.
- the feed containing no 5-ALA used in the control group was manufactured in the same manner as the method for producing a feed containing 15 ppm of 5-ALA, except that 1% 5-ALA powder was not added.
- the initial weight is the weight at the start of breeding (day 0)
- the final weight is the weight at 3 months
- the weight gain is the final weight-the initial weight
- the values of initial weight, final weight, weight gain, and SGR in the table are mean ⁇ standard deviation (mean ⁇ SD).
- the descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm and 60 ppm in the table respectively indicate a 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, a 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group and a 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group.
- the frequency of molting of panama shrimp is measured during a three month feeding period, and the cumulative frequency of molting is shown in FIG.
- the descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm in FIG. 2 indicate a 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, a 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group, and a 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group, respectively.
- the cumulative frequency of molting of each group is represented, assuming that the cumulative frequency of molting at week 12 of the 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group at which the cumulative frequency of molting was the highest was 100%. As shown in FIG.
- the cumulative frequency of molting was highest in the 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group, followed by the 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, with the lowest frequency of molting in the control group . Since shrimps molt with growth, it is surmised that the improvement of the cumulative frequency of molting by 30 ppm and 15 ppm 5-ALA administration also indicates growth promotion of pan-fried shrimp by administration of 5-ALA.
- Example 5 Effect of 5-ALA on ATP Level of Hepatopancreas
- the ATP level in the pancreat of Pandora shrimp was measured. This ATP level measurement was performed on 3 panama shrimps per group.
- Samples for measuring ATP concentration were prepared as follows. About 10 mg of hepatopancreas were collected from each pan-fried shrimp. The harvested hepatopancreas was washed with phosphate buffered saline (1 ⁇ PBS). The washed hepatopancreas is homogenized in 100 ⁇ l of ice cold 2N perchloric acid (PCA), the homogenate is kept on ice for 30 minutes, then centrifuged at 13000 ⁇ g, 4 ° C.
- PCA ice cold 2N perchloric acid
- Example 6 The 5-ALA were examined on against Vibrio due to parahaemolyticus EMS / AHPND infection test Vibrio parahaemolyticus vannamei shrimp survival rate was attacked by.
- a 10 L water tank containing seawater containing Vibrio parahaemolyticus at a volume of 3 ⁇ 10 6 cfu / ml (high dose) and a 10 L water tank containing seawater containing Vibrio parahaemolyticus at a volume of 3 ⁇ 10 5 cfu / ml (low dose) Were prepared for each group.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the results of processing the panama shrimp.
- the descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm and 60 ppm in FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively represent a 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, a 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group, and a 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group.
- 5-ALA is an effective preventive / therapeutic agent against EMS / AHPND, which is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in organisms of the ordershrimp.
- Example 7 The effect of 5-ALA on the whole blood cell count in the infection treatment with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- the pansy shrimps three months after the start of breeding were treated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (high dose) in the same manner as in Example 6.
- 200 ⁇ l of hemolymph (hemolymph) is collected from the ventral sinus (ventral sine) of pandora shrimp in three groups in each group, and 800 ⁇ l Diluted with anticoagulant solution.
- the complete blood count in the hemolymph was determined using a C-chip hemacytometer (NanoEntek, Germany). The descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm and 60 ppm in FIG.
- FIG. 6 respectively represent a 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, a 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group and a 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group.
- the total blood cell count was increased in all groups before and after the infection treatment as compared to the control group.
- the 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group at 6 hours after infection showed statistically significantly higher total blood cell counts compared to the other groups.
- the significant difference test used t test method.
- blood cells such as granulocytes play an important role as immunocompetent cells in shrimp, so one of the causes of the preventive and therapeutic effects on EMS / AHPND by 5-ALA administration is There is a possibility that activation of the innate immune system is caused by the increase of whole blood count by 5-ALA.
- Example 8 Vibrio parahaemolyticus in infection treatment with, Vibrio a vannamei of 3 months from the effects start of feeding of the 5-ALA on gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 and phenoloxidase precursor in the same manner as in Example 6 Infection was treated with parahaemolyticus (high dose). Before the infection treatment (0 hour), 6 hours after the infection treatment, and 12 hours after the infection treatment, hepatopancreas is collected from the pandora shrimp in each group of 5 mice, and using the RNAiso Plus reagent (Takara Bio, Japan), Total RNA was extracted from the hepatopancreas of each pansy shrimp according to the instructions of the reagent manufacturer.
- CDNA was synthesized from 1 ⁇ g of total RNA extract using the High-Capacity Reverse Transcription kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions for the kit. Synthesized cDNA was diluted 5-fold and used as a template for qPCR. The gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and phenol oxidase precursor (proPO) was measured by subjecting this cDNA to real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SYBR green fluorescent dye. This measurement was performed using Thunderbird (registered trademark) SYBR qPCR Mix (Toyobo, Japan). Amplification reactions were performed using MicroAmp Optical 96-well reaction plates (Applied Biosystems, USA).
- HO-1 heme oxygenase-1
- proPO phenol oxidase precursor
- Each well contained 10 ⁇ l qPCR Mix, 0.6 ⁇ l each primer, 0.4 ⁇ l ROX reference dye, and 2 ⁇ l cDNA template.
- the cycle conditions were as follows. 1 minute at 95 ° C, then 40 cycles of 15 seconds at 90 ° C and 60 seconds at 60 ° C. At the end of each qPCR reaction, a dissociation analysis was performed to confirm that it was the detection of only one product. Using the 2- ⁇ Ct method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001), relative changes in gene expression data by qPCR were determined. For the calculation of the Ct value (cycle threshold: Threshold Cycle), gene expression of EF1 ⁇ was measured as an internal standard. Normalized ratios were calculated using the relative expression of the control group.
- a forward primer with sequence 5 (5'-ATTGCCACACCGCTCACA-3 ') and a reverse primer with sequence 6 (5'-TCGATCTTGGTCAGCAGTTCA-3') were used.
- the results are presented in FIGS. 7-8.
- the mean value of the gene expression of the control group at each time point is taken as 0, and the gene expression of each group is a value relative to this mean value. Error bars in FIGS. 7-8 are standard deviations.
- the descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm in FIGS. 7-8 represent the 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, the 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group, and the 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group, respectively.
- Heme oxygenase-1 which is one of the heme proteins, is an enzyme involved in heme metabolism and is known to be a cytoprotective protein that protects cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.
- the phenol oxidase precursor recognizes the cell wall components of fungi and bacteria, and may be involved in the mechanism of linking the recognition result to the ligand formation of toll receptor.
- one of the causes of the preventive and therapeutic effects on EMS / AHPND by 5-ALA administration is the increase in gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 and phenol oxidase precursor by 5-ALA. There is a possibility that there is.
- Example 9 Effects of 5-ALA on Gene Expression of Nuclear Receptor E75 and Nitric Oxide Synthase
- hepatopancreas were collected from 3-4 pan-fried shrimps in each group, and each pan-fried shrimps
- the total RNA was extracted from the liver and pancreas of and the cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA.
- the gene expression of nuclear receptor gene E75 and nitric oxide synthase was measured by subjecting this cDNA to real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SYBR green fluorescent dye.
- PCR real time polymerase chain reaction
- Ct values gene expression of EF1 ⁇ was measured as an internal standard.
- a forward primer with sequence 7 (5'-GCCTACAACAAAGCCCCATAA-3 ') and a reverse primer with sequence 8 (5'-GCCAGAGAGGAAGTCTGGTG-3') were used.
- the apparatus, conditions, etc. used for the measurement were the same as in Example 8.
- the results are presented in FIGS.
- the average value of gene expression of the control group is 0, and the gene expression of each group is a value relative to this average value.
- the error bars in FIGS. 9-10 are standard deviations.
- the descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm in FIGS. 9 and 10 represent the 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, the 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group, and the 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group, respectively.
- nuclear receptor E75 a protein required for ecdysone synthesis, contains heme as a prosthetic group, functions as a sensor for intracellular heme concentration, and senses nitric oxide as an intracellular signaling molecule It is known that there is a possibility.
- Nitric oxide synthase is known to be a heme protein, which is involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide necessary for the generation of peroxynitrite having strong antibacterial activity in bacterial infection and the like. Since E75 requires heme to stabilize its structure, it also serves as a sensor for heme concentration, and nitric oxide synthase itself is a heme protein, and by examining their expression, administration of 5-ALA is a shrimp. It may be an indicator to confirm that it is related to heme synthesis in the body.
- PCR real time polymerase chain reaction
- a forward primer with sequence 9 (5'-GGAAGACCCACGTCTGGAAG-3 ') and a reverse primer with sequence 10 (5'-TCGAGCGATCTCCTCTGAAGC-3') were used.
- the apparatus, conditions, etc. used for the measurement were the same as in Example 8. The results are presented in FIGS.
- the average value of gene expression of the control group is 0, and the gene expression of each group is a value relative to this average value.
- Error bars in FIGS. 11-12 are standard deviations.
- the descriptions of 15 ppm, 30 ppm and 60 ppm in FIGS. 11 to 12 respectively represent a 15 ppm 5-ALA administration group, a 30 ppm 5-ALA administration group, and a 60 ppm 5-ALA administration group.
- C-type lectins may induce the most important nodule response to the initial immune response. While not being bound by theory, C-type lectins play an important role in the nodule formation reaction, which is a response that allows granule cells to take up bacteria and further inhibit the spread of bacteria, which contributes to the effectiveness of EMS.
- Nitric oxide synthase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide, which is a heme protein, and administration of 5-ALA promotes its synthesis.
- 5-ALA or an ester thereof or shrimp eyes for oral dosage composition containing at least one selected from the salts thereof, of the present invention can be used reared shrimp th organisms in aquaculture, Vibrio It is possible to effectively prevent and treat EMS / AHPND caused by parahaemolyticus .
- the composition for oral administration for Ebiphora containing at least one selected from 5-ALA of the present invention or an ester thereof, or a salt thereof can promote the growth of Eribaceous organisms at a predetermined dose. It is.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、上記問題点を解決できるようなエビ目用経口投与組成物について鋭意検討を行ったところ、5-ALA若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む組成物が極めて有用であることを見いだし、これに基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種を含むエビ目用経口投与組成物。
[2]5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種を含むエビ目早期死亡症候群/急性肝膵臓壊死病(EMS/AHPND)の予防・治療用経口投与組成物。
[3]エビ目がクルマエビ科である前記[1]または[2]に記載の組成物。
[4]組成物が飼料または飼料用添加剤である前記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
[5]5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種をエビ目の生物に摂取させることを含む方法。
[6]5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種をエビ目の生物に摂取させることを含む、エビ目早期死亡症候群/急性肝膵臓壊死病(EMS/AHPND)を予防・治療する方法。
[7]エビ目がクルマエビ科である前記[5]または[6]に記載の方法。
[8]5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種を、5-ALAリン酸塩換算でエビ目の生物の体重1gあたりかつ一日あたりで、0.25μg/g・日~2.5μg/g・日の量で、エビ目の生物に摂取させることを含む、エビ目の生物の成長を促進させる方法。
本発明において、5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)はδ-アミノレブリン酸とも称される化合物である。本発明において、「5-ALA若しくはそのエステル」とは、「5-ALA若しくは5-ALAエステル」であり、下記式(I)で表されうる。本発明において、「5-ALA若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩」の記載における「それらの塩」とは、5-ALAの塩、若しくは5-ALAエステルの塩をいう。この塩としては、例えば塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、ヨウ化水素酸塩、リン酸塩、メチルリン酸、エチルリン酸、亜リン酸塩、次亜リン酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、トルエンスルホン酸塩、コハク酸塩、シュウ酸塩、乳酸塩、酒石酸塩、グリコール酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、酪酸塩、吉草酸塩、クエン酸塩、フマル酸塩、マレイン酸塩、リンゴ酸塩等の酸付加塩、及びナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、カルシウム塩等の金属塩、アンモニウム塩、アルキルアンモニウム塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
以下、実施例により本発明を詳述するが、本発明は実施例の範囲に限定されるものではない。
5-ALAリン酸塩(C5H9NO3・H3PO4)が濃度15ppmとなるように、粉末飼料(タイ国でバナメイエビの養殖のために使用されている一般的な市販餌を粉末化して使用した)と良く混合し、粉末飼料と等量の蒸留水を添加し良く混合した。次いで、得られた混合物を50mLのシリンジに詰め、押し出すことによりスパゲッティー状の成型飼料を作成した。これを60~65℃で2時間程度乾燥した。乾燥後、投与しやすいようにスパゲッティー状の成型飼料小さく粉砕してペレット状にした。このペレットは使用まで冷蔵庫で保管した。
体重約2gのバナメイエビを使用した。一群あたり20匹のバナメイエビを100Lの水槽に入れ、28日間飼育を行った。5-ALA投薬群においては実施例1で作成した飼料を投与し、対照群においては5-ALAを含まない以外は同じ飼料を投与した。給餌量はエビの体重の5%とし、給餌は1日に4回で、自動給餌器を使用して行った。
試験開始から2週間目に、バナメイエビをVibrio parahaemolyticusを3×105cfu/mlの量で含む海水を入れた15L水槽に移し、バナメイエビに対するVibrio parahaemolyticusの感染処理を行った。感染処理からさらに2週間にわたってバナメイエビの生存率を確認した。結果を図1に示す。図1においては、「Control」が対照群を表し、「ALA」が5-ALA投薬群を表す。
平均体重0.84±0.33グラムのバナメイエビ400匹を、100匹ずつ以下の4群に分け、各群ごとに別の水槽で飼育した。飼育開始時、飼育開始から2週目および3ヶ月目に、以下に示される様々な項目を測定した。
(a)15ppmの5-ALAを含む飼料を投与した、15ppmの5-ALA投与群。
(b)30ppmの5-ALAを含む飼料を投与した、30ppmの5-ALA投与群。
(c)60ppmの5-ALAを含む飼料を投与した、60ppmの5-ALA投与群。
(d)5-ALAを含まない飼料を投与した対照群。
バナメイエビへの一日あたりの給餌量はバナメイエビの平均体重の5%とした。一日あたりの給餌量を4回(8:00、13:00、18:00および23:00)に分けて、バナメイエビに飼料が与えられた。一週間ごとに、各群のバナメイエビ全体の重量を測定することにより、バナメイエビの体重をモニターし、測定した体重に基づいて一日当たりの給餌量を調節した。食べ残した飼料および排泄物は一日一回取り除かれた。飼育中は水質パラメータもモニターされた。
実施例3に記載された条件下でのバナメイエビの飼育において、3ヶ月の飼育期間での体重増加を測定することにより、5-ALAによるバナメイエビの成長に及ぼす影響を検討した。飼育開始時および飼育開始から3ヶ月目に、各群のバナメイエビの個々の体重が測定された。結果が以下の表1に示される。表中、当初体重は飼育開始時(0日目)の体重であり、最終体重は3ヶ月目の体重であり、体重増加は最終体重-当初体重であり、SGRは瞬間成長率(Specific Growth Rate)(%)であって、SGR=[(ln最終重量-ln当初重量)/給餌日数]×100の式から算出したものであり、FCRは飼料要求率(Feed Conversion Rate)であって、FCR=飼料消費/体重増加である。表中の当初体重、最終体重、体重増加、およびSGRの数値は平均±標準偏差(mean±SD)である。表中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。
飼育開始から2週間目に、バナメイエビの肝膵臓におけるATPレベルを測定した。このATPレベルの測定は、一群あたり3匹のバナメイエビについて行われた。ATP濃度測定用サンプルは以下のように調製された。それぞれのバナメイエビから約10mgの肝膵臓が採取された。採取した肝膵臓がリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(1×PBS)で洗浄された。洗浄された肝膵臓は氷冷した2Nの過塩素酸(PCA)100μl中でホモジナイズされ、ホモジネートが氷上に30分間保持され、次いで13000×g、4℃で、2分間遠心分離されて、上清を得た。この上清がATPアッセイバッファーで500μlに希釈された。次いで、希釈された上清に50~100μlの氷冷KOH(2M)が添加されて、過剰なPCAを沈殿させた。必要に応じて、この上清に0.1MのKOHまたはPCAが添加されて、pHが調整された。得られたサンプルは、次いで、13000×gで15分間遠心分離され、上清が回収され、ATP濃度測定用サンプルとして使用された。ATP濃度測定には、ATP比色分析キット(カタログ番号:ab83355:アブカム(Abcam)(登録商標)、ケンブリッジ、マサチューセッツ州、米国)が使用された。ATP濃度の測定は、当該キットの製造者の指示に従って行われた。結果が図3に示される。図3中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。
Vibrio parahaemolyticusによる攻撃を受けたバナメイエビの生存率に対して5-ALAが及ぼす影響について検討した。
Vibrio parahaemolyticusを3×106cfu/mlの量(高用量)で含む海水を入れた10L水槽、およびVibrio parahaemolyticusを3×105cfu/mlの量(低用量)で含む海水を入れた10L水槽をそれぞれの群に対して準備した。飼育開始から3ヶ月目のバナメイエビを各群10匹ずつ、これら水槽に移し、バナメイエビに対するVibrio parahaemolyticusの感染処理を行った。感染処理から2週間にわたって、感染処理前に投与されていたのと同じ飼料(15ppm、30ppmもしくは60ppmの5-ALAを含む飼料、または5-ALAを含まない飼料)が各群のバナメイエビに給餌された。感染処理から2週間にわたって1日ごとに、各群および各Vibrio parahaemolyticus用量におけるバナメイエビの生存率を確認した。Vibrio parahaemolyticusを3×106cfu/mlの量(高用量)で含む海水でバナメイエビを処理した結果を図4に示し、Vibrio parahaemolyticusを3×105cfu/mlの量(低用量)で含む海水でバナメイエビを処理した結果を図5に示す。図4および図5中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。
飼育開始から3ヶ月目のバナメイエビを実施例6におけるのと同じ方法でVibrio parahaemolyticus(高用量)によって感染処理した。感染処理前(0時間)、感染処理から6時間後、および感染処理から12時間後に各群3匹ずつバナメイエビの腹部静脈洞(ventral sinus)から200μlの血リンパ(hemolymph)が採取され、800μlの抗凝固液で希釈された。C-チップ(C-chip)血球計(ナノエンテック(NanoEntek)、ドイツ国)を用いて、血リンパ中の全血球数を測定した。図6中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。図6に示されるように、感染処理前および感染処理後の全ての時点で、5-ALA投与群においては、対照群と比較して全血球数が増大していた。感染処理から6時間後での60ppmの5-ALA投与群においては、他の群と比較して統計的に優位に高い全血球数を示した。有意差検定はt検定法を用いた。理論に拘束されるものではないが、エビにおいては顆粒球などの血球は免疫担当細胞として重要な役割を担っているので、5-ALA投与によるEMS/AHPNDに対する予防・治療効果の原因の1つが5-ALAによる全血球数の増大による自然免疫系の活性化であるという可能性が考えられる。
飼育開始から3ヶ月目のバナメイエビを実施例6におけるのと同じ方法でVibrio parahaemolyticus(高用量)によって感染処理した。感染処理前(0時間)、感染処理から6時間後、および感染処理から12時間後に各群5匹ずつバナメイエビから肝膵臓を採取し、RNAiso Plus試薬(タカラバイオ、日本国)を用いて、当該試薬の製造者の指示に従って、それぞれのバナメイエビの肝膵臓から全RNAが抽出された。ハイキャパシティー逆転写キット(High-Capacity Reverse Transcription kit)(アプライドバイオシステムズ(Applied Biosystems)、米国)を用いて、当該キットの製造者の指示に従って、1μgの全RNA抽出物からcDNAが合成された。合成されたcDNAが5倍に希釈され、qPCRのためのテンプレートとして使用された。このcDNAをSYBRグリーン蛍光色素を使用するリアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)にかけることによって、ヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1(HO-1)およびフェノール酸化酵素前駆体(proPO)の遺伝子発現を測定した。この測定は、Thunderbird(登録商標)SYBR qPCR Mix(東洋紡、日本)を使用して行われた。増幅反応はMicroAmp Optical 96-ウェル反応プレート(アプライドバイオシステムズ、米国)を使用して行われた。各ウェルは10μlのqPCR Mix、0.6μlの各プライマー、0.4μlのROX参照色素、および2μlのcDNAテンプレートを収容していた。サイクル条件は以下の通りであった。95℃で1分、次いで、90℃で15秒および60℃で60秒を40サイクル。各qPCR反応の終わりに、解離分析が行われて、1種類だけの生成物の検出であることを確認した。2-ΔΔCt法(LivakおよびSchmittgen、2001)を用いて、qPCRによる遺伝子発現データの相対的な変化が決定された。Ct値(サイクル閾値:Threshold Cycle)の計算のために、内部標準としてEF1αの遺伝子発現を測定した。対照群の相対的発現を用いて正規化された比率が計算された。データは分析の前に対数(底=2)変換された。ヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1の発現を測定するために、配列1(5’-CTGAGGAGCTCGATGAGGAG-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列2(5’-CATGGCCACAACACTACCAG-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。フェノール酸化酵素前駆体の発現を測定するために、配列3(5’-GGAATTGTTTTACTACATGCATCAGC-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列4(5’-GGAACAAGTCATCCACGAGCTT-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。EF1αの発現を測定するために、配列5(5’-ATTGCCACACCGCTCACA-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列6(5’-TCGATCTTGGTCAGCAGTTCA-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。結果は図7~8に表される。各時点での対照群の遺伝子発現の平均値が0とされ、各群の遺伝子発現はこの平均値に対する相対的な値である。図7~8におけるエラーバーは標準偏差である。図7~8中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。
飼育開始から3ヶ月目に、各群3~4匹のバナメイエビから肝膵臓を採取し、それぞれのバナメイエビの肝膵臓から全RNAを抽出し、全RNAからcDNAを合成した。このcDNAをSYBRグリーン蛍光色素を使用するリアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)にかけることによって、核内受容体遺伝子E75および一酸化窒素合成酵素の遺伝子発現を測定した。Ct値の計算のために、内部標準としてEF1αの遺伝子発現を測定した。核内受容体遺伝子E75の発現を測定するために、配列7(5’-GCCTACAACAAGCCCCATAA-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列8(5’-GCCAGAGAGGAAGTCTGGTG-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。一酸化窒素合成酵素の発現を測定するために、配列9(5’-GGAAGACCCACGTCTGGAAG-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列10(5’-TCGAGCGATCTCCTTGAAGC-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。測定に使用された装置、条件などは実施例8におけるのと同じであった。結果は図9~10に表される。対照群の遺伝子発現の平均値が0とされ、各群の遺伝子発現はこの平均値に対する相対的な値である。図9~10におけるエラーバーは標準偏差である。図9および10中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。
飼育開始から2週間目に、各群3~4匹のバナメイエビから肝膵臓を採取し、それぞれのバナメイエビの肝膵臓から全RNAを抽出し、全RNAからcDNAを合成した。このcDNAをSYBRグリーン蛍光色素を使用するリアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)にかけることによって、核内受容体遺伝子E75および一酸化窒素合成酵素の遺伝子発現を測定した。Ct値の計算のために、内部標準としてEF1αの遺伝子発現を測定した。一酸化窒素合成酵素の発現を測定するために、配列9(5’-GGAAGACCCACGTCTGGAAG-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列10(5’-TCGAGCGATCTCCTTGAAGC-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。C型レクチンの発現を測定するために、配列11(5’-CAAGATGGCTCCCACCAACA-3’)を有するフォワードプライマーおよび配列12(5’-GTCGAACTCGGCGTTATCGG-3’)を有するリバースプライマーが使用された。測定に使用された装置、条件などは実施例8におけるのと同じであった。結果は図11~12に表される。対照群の遺伝子発現の平均値が0とされ、各群の遺伝子発現はこの平均値に対する相対的な値である。図11~12におけるエラーバーは標準偏差である。図11~12中の15ppm、30ppm、および60ppmの記載は、それぞれ、15ppmの5-ALA投与群、30ppmの5-ALA投与群、および60ppmの5-ALA投与群を表す。
Claims (8)
- 5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種を含むエビ目用経口投与組成物。
- 5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種を含むエビ目早期死亡症候群/急性肝膵臓壊死病(EMS/AHPND)の予防・治療用経口投与組成物。
- エビ目がクルマエビ科である請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が飼料または飼料用添加剤である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種をエビ目の生物に摂取させることを含む方法。
- 5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種をエビ目の生物に摂取させることを含む、エビ目早期死亡症候群/急性肝膵臓壊死病(EMS/AHPND)を予防・治療する方法。
- エビ目がクルマエビ科である請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 5-アミノレブリン酸(5-ALA)若しくはそのエステル、またはそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも一種を、5-ALAリン酸塩換算でエビ目の生物の体重1gあたりかつ一日あたりで、0.25μg/g・日~2.5μg/g・日の量で、エビ目の生物に摂取させることを含む、エビ目の生物の成長を促進させる方法。
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