WO2019057507A1 - Appareil électroménager doté d'une pièce constitutive contenant du polyoxométallate ancré, procédé de fabrication du polyoxométallate et procédés de fabrication de la pièce constitutive - Google Patents
Appareil électroménager doté d'une pièce constitutive contenant du polyoxométallate ancré, procédé de fabrication du polyoxométallate et procédés de fabrication de la pièce constitutive Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019057507A1 WO2019057507A1 PCT/EP2018/074003 EP2018074003W WO2019057507A1 WO 2019057507 A1 WO2019057507 A1 WO 2019057507A1 EP 2018074003 W EP2018074003 W EP 2018074003W WO 2019057507 A1 WO2019057507 A1 WO 2019057507A1
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- Prior art keywords
- polyoxometalate
- household appliance
- cation
- alkyi
- anchored
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- NACZPBOVCXPUJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC NACZPBOVCXPUJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
- D06F35/005—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying
- D06F35/008—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying for disinfecting the tub or the drum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/4236—Arrangements to sterilize or disinfect dishes or washing liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- B01J23/04—Alkali metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00
- D06F39/20—Arrangements for water recovery
Definitions
- the invention relates to a household appliance with a component part containing a polymer and a polyoxometalate, a process for the manufacture of a polyoxometalate used therein and processes for the manufacture of the component part.
- Household appliances may come into contact with dust, dirt, food or humidity or may be touched by animals or during use. Problems concerning hygiene may thus arise from microorganisms that can attach to household appliances and proliferate. In particular, contaminated and hygienically objectionable household appliances or at least household appliances having discolorations may result. In the worst case this may be even dangerous to health. Regular cleaning of a household appliance is thus recommended. However, convenience and effectiveness of such a cleaning may be determined by the kind and amount of the contamination. In some cases a biofilm may be formed or has already formed. Biofilms, which consist of organic substances such as microorganisms and nutrients, lead to bad odor and/or visible contamination.
- a general problem of household appliances is that microorganisms tend to grow faster and easier in a damp atmosphere, in particular at less ventilated sites that are often also less accessible. For example condensed water in a fridge may support the growth of microorganisms. Reservoirs for liquids such as water and milk, e.g. in coffee machines, are prone to the growth of microorganisms. It would thus be desirable to provide a household appliance that can be operated more hygienically and wherein measures can be taken to avoid the formation of biofilms.
- antimicrobial active ingredients in the surfaces of the household appliance for example silver ions
- these ingredients have however the disadvantage that they are gradually removed from the surface and are thus depleted.
- Ag+ or Cu+ ions are used in water-bearing household appliances, for example in the washing liquor and on the surfaces of the materials coming into contact with the washing liquor, detrimental effects with regard to groundwater and waterway pollution also arise.
- these active ingredients are not washed out from a carrier material in the surfaces of the household appliance, their efficacy is mostly small such that over a long term microorganisms and even biofilms are being formed on the surface and negatively affect the hygienic state of the household appliance and create odours.
- Photocatalytic methods are known, for example the use of catalytically effective compounds, in particular titanium dioxide coatings for deodorizing, disinfecting and cleaning.
- the catalyst needs to be often activated by means of UV radiation.
- These compounds support the oxidative modification or destruction of microorganisms, such that they are removed in the best case in total by oxidation. Often this method works however insufficiently, in particular if UV light is required in addition for the oxidation.
- a disadvantage of these known methods and measures is the high energy usage and the sometimes high apparatus and/or operating costs for achieving remarkable effects.
- potentially health-endangering agents for example ozone or UV radiation, are used so that additional safety measures are required.
- polyoxometalates in various fields is known, for example, in analytical and clinical chemistry, in catalysis (including photocatalysis), in biochemistry (inhibition of electron transfer processes), in medicine (antitumor and antiviral activity) and in the manufacturing of integrated circuits.
- the publication DE 10 2009 026 712 A1 discloses a household appliance having at least one component, which has a surface that can be affected by organic dirt, said surface having a photocatalyst, a photosource for irradiating the photocatalyst with an activating electromagnetic radiation being associated with said surface, the surface being formed from a primary formed first material in which the photocatalyst is dispersed. Materials with titanium dioxide and modifications thereof are disclosed in great detail as photocatalysts.
- the publications EP 2 761 073 B1 and US2014/231363 A1 disclose a water-bearing domestic appliance having a container for receiving objects to be cleaned and at least one inner surface containing a catalytically active substance, said surface being disposed inside the domestic appliance, wherein the catalytically active substance is a polyoxometalate.
- the inner surface comes into contact with water to be cleaned during operation of the domestic appliance.
- the polyoxometalate is tungstate and more preferably, the tungstate is modified by titanium.
- the publications DE 10 2013 205 302 A1 and WO 2014/154432 A1 disclose a household appliance which comprises at least one catalytically effective substance in a surface, wherein the catalytically effective substance is a polyoxometalate that is comprised in an inner and/or outer surface of the household appliance, provided that the polyoxometalate is comprised at least in an outer surface of the household appliance if the household appliance is a waterbearing household appliance having a container for receiving objects to be cleaned.
- the publication EP 1 439 261 A2 describes a polyoxometalate-modified fabric or an article comprising the polyoxometalate-modified fabric, comprising a fabric and at least one broadly defined polyoxometalate. Disclosed is moreover the use of the fabric for removing contaminants selected from aliphatic nitrogen compounds; sulfur containing compounds; halogenated compounds and aliphatic oxygenated compounds from the fabric. Further disclosed is the use for removing microbial life from the gas or liquid phase.
- the publication WO 2015/0787737 A1 discloses a water-conducting domestic appliance having a storage tank for storing a quantity of gray water and a treatment device for treating the gray water stored in the storage tank. The water-conducting domestic appliance is configured for determining the quantity of gray water stored in the storage tank and for operating the treatment device subject to the determined quantity of gray water stored in the storage tank.
- A is selected from one or more cations and comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations, quaternary phosphonium cations and tertiary sulfonium cations for providing self-cleaning, stripping, disinfecting, self-sanitizing, biocidal, antimicrobial, and/or deodorizing properties to at least part of a substrate or a surface of a substrate or to a coating or for decomposition and/or degradation of organic materials.
- q 1 , 2 or 3
- A is selected among one or more cations and comprises at least one quaternary ammonium cation with the proviso that the compounds [(n-C 4 H9) 4 N]3PMoi20 4 o and [(n- C6H9) 4 N]3PMoi20 4 o are exempted.
- Most preferred are the heteropolyoxometalat.es [(n-
- the minimum temperature for the melting of polypropylene is 180°C and the pressure is above atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure is above atmospheric pressure.
- 80% of the used polyoxometalate degraded under these conditions.
- the amount of polyoxometalate in the surface of a component part is often too low to allow an efficient antimicrobial use, since the percentage of the polyoxometalate that resists both methodologies and that is available in the surface of the component part is often not sufficient.
- polyoxometalate used therein should preferably be less prone to degradation. In particular, there should be also less degradation during the manufacture of the household appliance and in particular the manufacture of component parts that contain these polyoxometalates. I.e., the incorporation of polyoxometalates (POMs) into component parts which contain a polymer should be improved.
- POMs polyoxometalates
- Preferred embodiments of the household appliance are disclosed in the corresponding dependent claims.
- Preferred embodiments of the household appliance correspond to preferred embodiments of the process for the manufacture of a polyoxometalate used therein and preferred embodiments of the processes for producing the component part, and vice versa, even if not explicitly stated herein.
- the invention is thus directed to a household appliance, preferably a water-bearing household appliance, with a component part containing a polymer, preferably a thermoplastic polymer, and at least one polyoxometalate, wherein the polyoxometalate is anchored to a silica containing substrate.
- home appliance refers to devices which are intended to be used in private household applications, also including communication and data processing devices, which are suitable und intended to interact with the devices for private household applications.
- the following household applications are included: stoves, ovens, baking ovens, microwaves, hobs, cooker hoods, dishwashers, laundry machines, dryers, refrigerators, freezers, vacuum cleaners, coffee machines, water boilers, plant oil cookers, irons, hair dryers, shavers, kitchen machines and kitchen devices, barbeque devices, steam cookers, electrical small instantaneous water heaters, devices for heating and storing water for the kitchen and the bathroom as well as robotic applications insofar they are intended for private household applications.
- component part is to be understood broadly. Depending on the household appliance concerned it may differ considerably in shape and composition.
- the household appliance is preferably a water-bearing household appliance.
- a water-bearing household appliance is a household appliance during the operation of which water is used.
- the items to be cleaned can be, in particular, tableware or laundry items. Cleaning should according to the invention also be understood to mean freshening.
- a water-bearing household appliance can be also a dryer.
- the water-bearing household appliance is a dishwasher or a laundry treatment device or a coffee making machine.
- the water-bearing household appliance is belonging to the group consisting of a washing machine, a washer-dryer and a dryer.
- microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi and algae.
- microorganisms refers to bacteria.
- biofilm refers to an assembly of microorganisms wherein cells stick to each other on the surface of a component part in or on a home appliance.
- growth of biofilm or “biofilm growth”, as used herein, refers to the microorganism built-up adhering to a surface of a component part in or on a home appliance.
- the silica containing substrate is selected from the group consisting of silica minerals, alumino silicate minerals and glass.
- the alumino silicate mineral is preferably a zeolite.
- the glass is preferably in the form of glass bubbles or glass fibers. Suitable glass bubbles are for example the glass bubbles iM16K of the company 3M.
- the household appliance of the present invention contains preferably as the at least one polyoxometalate a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) and/or (V):
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- A is selected from one or more cations and comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations, quaternary phosphonium cations and tertiary sulfonium cations.
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- r is preferably 12, s is preferably 40 and q is preferably 0, 1 , 2, or 3, thus resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ (XM q Wi2- q 04o) m" .
- q is preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [An] m+ [XW 6 0 2 4] m -.
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2 or 3, and more preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [An] m+ [X 2 Wi 8 062] m" .
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2 or 3, and more preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [X5W3oOno] m" .
- this embodiment covers heteropolyoxometalates of the following formulae ( ⁇ '), (II"), (III"), (IV") and (V): [A n ] m+ [XM q Mor- q Os] m - (I"),
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- Im-I Im+I
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- r is preferably 12, s is preferably 40 and q is preferably 0, 1 , 2, or 3, thus resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [XM q Moi2-q04o] m" .
- q is preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [XMo 6 024] m" .
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2 or 3, and more preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [An] m+ [X 2 Moi8062] m" .
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2 or 3, and more preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [X5Mo3oOno] m" .
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- n- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+, Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- m- is the negative charge of the heteropolyoxometalate anion
- m+ is the positive charge of the cation(s) A
- n is the number of cation(s) A required to provide the positive charge m+
- Z and Z' are independently selected from W and Mo,
- X is selected from P, Si, Ge, Al and B,
- M is selected from Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr,
- q 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13 ,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27;
- r is preferably 12
- s is preferably 40
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2, or 3, thus resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [XM q Wii-qMo04o] m" .
- p and q are preferably 0, resulting in a polyoxometalate of the formula
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2 or 3, and more preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [X2Wi 7 Mo062] m" .
- q is preferably 0, 1 , 2 or 3, and more preferably 0, resulting in a heteropolyoxometalate of the formula [A n ] m+ [X 5 W29MoOiio] m" .
- X is selected from P, Si and Al. It is also preferred that in formulae ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ), (III'), (IV), and (V) X is selected from P, Si and Al. It is furthermore preferred that in formulae ( ⁇ '), (II"), (III"), (IV), and (V) X is selected from P, Si and Al. Moreover, it is preferred that also in formulae ( ⁇ "), ( ⁇ "), (III'"), (IV"), and (V”) X is selected from P, Si and Al.
- M is selected from Co, Ti and V in the heteropolyoxometalates of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V), of formulae ( ⁇ ), ( ⁇ ), (III'), (IV), and (V), of formulae (I"), (II"), (III"), (IV"), and (V"), and of formulae (I'"), (II'"), (III'"), (IV"), and (V").
- heteropolyoxometalat.es that impart antimicrobial properties to a surface of a household appliance, wherein the surface is a surface of the componenta substrate in or on a home appliance, and reducing, preferably inhibiting, the growth of a biofilm on the surface of the substrate in or on a home appliance are the following species:
- heteropolyoxometalates represent a mature-enough family of promising compounds. Their versatility is a result from their many structures, the ability to delocalize electrons over the surface of the clusters, and the ability to incorporate heteroanions, electrophiles, and ligands.
- the heteropolyoxometalat.es described herein have shown to have desirable characteristics useful for simultaneously imparting antimicrobial properties to a surface of a component part in or on a home appliance and reducing the growth of a biofilm on the surface of the substrate in or on a home appliance.
- the heteropolyoxometalat.es as described herein consist in general of a cationic moiety [A n ] m+ , which imparts antimicrobial activity to the compound, and the heteropolyoxometalate anion.
- the heteropolyoxometalat.es show a flexible redox behavior, which means that they can be reversibly reduced by one or more electrons.
- these heteropolyoxometalat.es when incorporated into a component part of a home appliance, have the ability to activate molecular oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide, preferably molecular oxygen, which means that an electron is transferred from the heteropolyoxometalate to molecular oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide, preferably molecular oxygen, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the hyperoxide anion (O2 " ) and an oxidized heteropolyoxometalate species.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- the reactive oxygen species formed by heteropolyoxometalate-induced activation of molecular oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide, preferably of molecular oxygen reduces the growth of a biofilm on a surface of a substrate in or on a home appliance comprising the heteropolyoxometalate. This, in turn, is useful for maintaining the antimicrobial activity of the substrate used in a home appliance resulting from the at least one heteropolyoxometalate comprised therein on a long term time scale.
- the cationic moiety of the oxidized heteropolyoxometalate species then reacts with the negatively charged cell membrane of a microorganism thereby killing the microorganism, resulting in an antimicrobial activity of the heteropolyoxometalate and the component part used in a home appliance comprising the heteropolyoxometalate, respectively.
- the heteropolyoxometalat.es described herein thus provide a synergistic effect. They have antimicrobial properties because of their ability to react with the cell membranes of microorganisms, and they have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular the hyperoxide anion (02 " ). that reduces the growth of a biofilm on the surface of the component part in or on a home appliance comprising the heteropolyoxometalate, with the result that the antimicrobial activity of the substrate used in a home appliance is maintained for a long term. Due to the anchoring of the heteropolyoxometalate on silica containing substrates, the heteropolyoxometalat.es are in fact stabilized in the component part such that an antimicrobial effect can be exerted for a long time.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- the cation(s) A is/are selected such that in the heteropolyoxometalate the charge of the compound of the Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V) is zero.
- the number and/or charge of cation(s) A can be altered and/or the charge is balanced by one or more further cations and/or anions.
- polyoxometalates based on molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W) are known in the art, in particular as Keggin-type heteropolyoxometalate anions [ ⁇ 12 ⁇ 40 ⁇ " wherein the central heteroatom (X) can be e.g. phosphorus (P 5+ ), silicon (Si 4+ ), germanium (Ge 4+ ), aluminum (Al 3+ ), boron (B 3+ ) etc.
- the Keggin-type polyoxometalate based on molybdenum or tungsten a number (1 or more) of molybdenum or tungsten atoms can be replaced by titanium atoms (e.g.
- Ti 4+ vanadium atoms (e.g. V 5+ ), nickel atoms (e.g. Ni 2+ ), iron atoms (e.g. Fe 3+ ), cobalt atoms (e.g. Co 2+ or Co 3+ ), zinc atoms (Zn 2+ ), chromium atoms (e.g. Cr 2+ or Cr 3 *), manganese atoms (e.g. Mn 2+ ) etc.
- vanadium atoms e.g. V 5+
- nickel atoms e.g. Ni 2+
- iron atoms e.g. Fe 3+
- cobalt atoms e.g. Co 2+ or Co 3+
- zinc atoms Zn 2+
- chromium atoms e.g. Cr 2+ or Cr 3 *
- manganese atoms e.g. Mn 2+
- polyoxometalate anions is the Wells-Dawson species [ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 18 ⁇ 62 ⁇ " .
- This heteropolyoxometalate anion contains two heteroatoms (X), which can e.g. be phosphorus (P 5+ ), silicon (Si 4+ ), germanium (Ge 4+ ), aluminum (Al 3+ ), boron (B 3+ ) and 18 molybdenum or tungsten atoms (Z).
- X heteroatoms
- X phosphorus
- Si 4+ silicon
- germanium Ge 4+
- Al 3+ aluminum
- B 3+ boron
- Z 18 molybdenum or tungsten atoms
- one or more tungsten atoms may be replaced e.g. by vanadium atoms (e.g. V 5+ ).
- these heteropolyoxometalate anions are known in the art, and the negative charge of the known anions is typically counterbalanced by cations like Li + , Na + , K + or Nh which provide solubility of the resulting salts in water. It is understood that in these species, the cation(s) A is/are selected such that in the heteropolyoxometalate the charge is zero. For achieving this, either the number and/or charge of cation(s) A can be altered and/or the charge is balanced by one or more further cations, e.g.
- alkaline metal ions such as Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs +
- alkaline earth metal ions such as Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ .
- heteropolyoxometalate anions comprise neutral ligands such as, e.g., H2O, leading to structures such as, e.g., A n [AIMn(H20)Wn03o]
- the quaternary ammonium cation is of Formula (VI)
- the quaternary phosphonium cation is of Formula (VII)
- the tertiary sulfonium cation is of Formula (VIII)
- residues R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C1 to C80 hydrocarbons, and polymers, and optionally at least two of the residues R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and, if present, R 4 are part of a ring or form a ring together with the nitrogen, phosphor or sulfur atom.
- the presence of a quaternary ammonium cation of Formula (VI), a quaternary phosphonium cation of Formula (VII) or a tertiary sulfonium cation of Formula (VIII) also renders the heteropolyoxometalat.es as described herein less soluble or even insoluble in water.
- the solubility of the heteropolyoxometalat.es used for the present invention is below 10 mg/l, preferably below 1 mg/ml in water at 20°C, more preferably below 0.1 mg/ml in water, in particular below 0.01 mg/ml in water.
- the lower solubility or even insolubility for aqueous liquids also contributes to the long term efficacy of the heteropolyoxometalate as described herein regarding the reduction of the biofilm growth on the surface of a component part in or on a home appliance and antimicrobial activity since they are not washed out of the component part used in a home appliance over time upon exposure to water or moisture.
- the C1 to C80 hydrocarbons encompass branched or straight, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted alkyi groups, aryl groups or heteroaryl groups. These residues thus can also be waxes or wax-like.
- Examples for these C1 to C80 hydrocarbons include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecy, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosanyl, C21 alkyi, C22 alkyi, C23 alkyi, C24 alkyi, C25 alkyi, C26 alkyi, C27 alkyi, C28 alkyi, C29 alkyi, C30 alkyi, C31 alkyi, C32 alkyi, C33 alkyi, C34 alkyi, C35 alkyi, C36 alkyi, C37 alkyi, C39 alkyi, C40 alkyi, C41 alky
- C1 to C60 hydrocarbons including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecy, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosanyl, C21 alkyi, C22 alkyi, C23 alkyi, C24 alkyi, C25 alkyi, C26 alkyi, C27 alkyi, C28 alkyi, C29 alkyi, C30 alkyi, C31 alkyi, C32 alkyi, C33 alkyi, C34 alkyi, C35 alkyi, C36 alkyi, C37 alkyi, C39 alkyi, C40 alkyi, C41 alkyi,
- C1 to C60 hydrocarbons are preferably straight. More preferred are C1 to C40 hydrocarbons including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecy, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosanyl, C21 alkyi, C22 alkyi, C23 alkyi, C24 alkyi, C25 alkyi, C26 alkyi, C27 alkyi, C28 alkyi, C29 alkyi, C30 alkyi, C31 alkyi, C32 alkyi, C33 alkyi, C34 alkyi, C35 alkyi, C36 alkyi, C37 alkyi, C39 al
- C1 to C40 hydrocarbons are preferably straight. More preferred are C1 to C30 hydrocarbons including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecy, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosanyl, C21 alkyl, C22 alkyl, C23 alkyl, C24 alkyl, C25 alkyl, C26 alkyl, C27 alkyl, C28 alkyl, C29 alkyl, and C30 alkyl residues. These C1 to C30 hydrocarbons are preferably straight.
- C2 to C25 hydrocarbons including ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecy, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosanyl, C21 alkyl, C22 alkyl, C23 alkyl, C24 alkyl, and C25 alkyl residues.
- These C2 to C25 are preferably straight.
- C4 to C20 hydrocarbons including butyl, propyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecy, octadecyl, nonadecyl, and eicosanyl residues.
- These C4 to C20 hydrocarbons are preferably straight.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and, if present, R 4 is a hydrocarbon with at least four carbons, such as e.g. butyl, pentyl, hexyl etc., and even more preferably at least five carbon atoms. It is more preferable that at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and, if present, R 4 is a hydrocarbon with at least 4 carbons, such as e.g. butyl, pentyl, hexyl etc..
- Suitable polymers include, for example, polymers comprising cationic side chains, such as phosphonium-containing cationic poly(styrene) polymers, hydroxy exchange membranes comprising quaternary ammonium hydroxide or quaternary phosphonium hydroxide functional groups, poly(vinylamine) derivatives as described for example in EP 0 580 078 A1 , polymeric phosphonium ionomers, as described for example in WO 94/10214, poly(alkyl- and aryl)p-phenoxy-phenylsulfonium salts, poly(acrylamide-co-diallyl-dimethylammonium) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium).
- polymers comprising cationic side chains such as phosphonium-containing cationic poly(styrene) polymers, hydroxy exchange membranes comprising quaternary ammonium hydroxide or quaternary phosphonium hydroxide functional groups, poly(vinylamine) derivatives
- the ring formed together with the nitrogen, phosphor or sulfur atom may, for example, be a three, four, five, six or seven-membered ring which may be saturated or unsaturated and which may contain one or more further heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphor or sulfur atoms. If the ring is unsaturated and if a double bond is present at the nitrogen, phosphor or sulfur atom of the ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation, then one of R 1 , R 2 R 3 or R 4 may be absent.
- suitable rings include aziridinium, thiiranium, azetidinium, thietium, pyrrolidinium, tetrathydrothiophenium, pyrrolium, thiophenium, piperidinium, tetrahydrothiopyranium, pyridinium, thiopyrylium, hexamethyleniminium, hexamethylensulfidium, azatropilidenium, thiotropilidenium, pyrazolium, imidazolium, benzimidazolium, imidazolinium, indolium, chinolinium, isochinolinium, purinium, pyrimidinium, oxazolium, thiazolium, thiazinium, triazines, thiazoles, thiazolines, piperidines, oxazolidines, oxazolidones, guanine derivatives, cytosine derivatives, adenine derivative
- the rings may be substituted by one or more hydrocarbon residues, in particular Ci to C12 alkyl or aryl (in particular phenyl), preferablyCi to C6 alkyl residues.
- Suitable cations containing a ring are for example 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1 -butyl-2,3- dimetylimidazolium, 1 -methyl-3-octylimidazolium, 1 -hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1 ,3- didecyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1 -benzyl-3-methylimidazolium.
- Preferred quaternary ammonium cations are the cations tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetrapentylammonium tetrahexylammonium, tetraheptylammonium, tetraoctylammonium, tetranonylammonium, tetradecylammonium, tetraundecylammonium, tetradodecylammonium, tetratridecylammonium, tetratetradecylammonium, tetrapentadecylammonium, methyltributylammonium, methyltripentylammonium, methyltrihexylammonium, methyltriheptylammonium, methyltrioctylammonium, methyltrinon
- Preferred quaternary phosphonium cations are the cations tetrapropylphosphonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, tetrapentylphosphonium, tetrahexylphosphonium, tetraheptylphosphonium, tetraoctylphosphonium, tetranonylphosphonium, tetradecylphosphonium, tetraundecylphosphonium, tetradodecylphosphonium, tetratridecylphospphonium, tetratetradecylphosphonium, methyltrioctylphosphonium, tributyltetradecylphosphonium, tributyldodecylphosphonium, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, trihexylhexadecylphosphonium, tetrahexylphosphonium, methyltributy
- Preferred tertiary sulfonium cations are e.g. tributylsulfonium cation, tripentylsulfonium cation, trihexylsulfonium cation, triheptylsulfonium cation, trioctylsulfonium cation, methyldioctylsulfonium cation and dibutyltetradecylsulfonium cation, in particular tributylsulfonium cation and trihexylsulfonium cation.
- heteropolyoxometalate A comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cations and quaternary phosphonium cations.
- heteropolyoxometalat.es are e.g.:
- a household appliance is preferred, wherein A is selected from one or more cations selected from the group consisting of (XR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ) + cations, wherein at least one of the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is a substituted or nonsubstituted alkyl, alkyloxoalkyl or cycloalkyl group that may contain at least one heteroatom selected among O, S, N or P.
- At least one of the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 has at least five carbon atoms, even more preferably at least eight carbon atoms.
- X is selected from among nitrogen or phosphorus.
- Particularly preferred cations are the methyltrioctylammonium and the tributyltetradecylphosphonium cation.
- heteropolyoxometalate is phosphorus, silicon, germanium, aluminum or boron. If phosphorus, silicon, germanium, aluminum or boron are not included, the term “polyoxometalate” is appropriate for the designation of the species. However, since in general a heteroatom is present, the term “polyoxometalate” as used herein is often used synonymously with the term “heteropolyoxometalate”.
- All heteropolyoxometalates described herein have molybdenum or tungsten oxide subunits which can be replaced in parts by titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or chromium oxide subunits.
- heteropolyoxometalates of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V) and sub-formulae thereof as described herein can be prepared according to known processes.
- the component part contains a polymer. I.e. it can contain one or more polymers.
- the component part comprises a thermoplastic, an elastomer, a thermoplastic elastomer, a duroplast, or a mixture thereof.
- thermoplastic refers to a polymer that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and solidifies upon cooling.
- thermoplastic polymers include but are not limited to polyacrylates, acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrenes, polyamides such as nylon, polyacetic acid, polybenzimidazole, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyetherether ketone, polyetherimide, polyethylene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, polyethyleneterephthalate, polyurethane, polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon).
- elastomer refers to a polymer with viscoelasticity (having both viscosity and elasticity).
- examples for elastomers include but are not limited to unsaturated rubbers such as natural polyisoprene (natural rubber), synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, (hydrogenated) nitrile rubber, saturated rubbers such as ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyacrylic rubber, silicone, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, fluoro- and perfluoroelastomers, and ethylene-vinyl acetate.
- unsaturated rubbers such as natural polyisoprene (natural rubber), synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, (hydrogenated) nitrile rubber,
- thermoplastic elastomer refers to a class of copolymers or a physical mix of polymers which consists of materials with both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties.
- examples for thermoplastic elastomers include but are not limited to styrenic block copolymers, polyolefin blends, elastomeric alloys, thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic copolyesters, and thermoplastic polyamides.
- duroplast refers to a polymer which is no longer pliable after curing.
- duroplasts include but are not limited to aminoplasts, phenoplasts, epoxy resins, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyesters, urea formaldehyde resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, and phenol formaldehyde resins.
- the component part of the household appliance comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, other polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyimides, polymethacrylates, polyoxoalkylenes, poly(phenylene oxides), polyvinylesters, polyvinylethers, polyvinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, natural and synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene, silicone, acrylate resins, polyurethane resins, silicone resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, and urea or amine based resins, or a mixture thereof.
- a polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene
- the polymer is at least a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene and styrene copolymers. Even more preferably, the thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene.
- the polyoxometalate is contained in a surface layer that has a thickness of from 0.01 to 0.5 mm. It is moreover preferred that the surface layer has a polyoxometalate content in the range of from 1 to 50 wt%, based on the weight of the surface layer.
- the polyoxometalate is anchored to a silica containing substrate.
- the unanchored polyoxometalate is in general taken as reference.
- Activation of the polypropylene surface can be done by using plasma for example. Using plasma in an oxidative atmosphere it is possible to transform methyl groups of polypropylene into oxidized groups (ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc), which are then susceptible to be used as anchoring point."
- the polyoxometalate anchored to a silica containing substrate is obtainable by
- step (b) hydrolyzing the alkoxy silane anchored polyoxometalate obtained in step (a) with an aqueous liquid;
- step (c) reacting the hydrolyzed alkoxy silane anchored polyoxometalate obtained in step (b) with a silica containing substrate.
- the polyoxometalate is reacted in step (a) with a silane of the formula Si(OR 1 )2R 2 2 , wherein R 1 is alkyl and R 2 is OR 1 or CI.
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl chain with up to five carbon atoms, for example methyl or ethyl.
- the invention is moreover directed to a process for the manufacture of a polyoxometalate which is anchored to a silica containing substrate, comprising the steps
- step (b) hydrolyzing the alkoxy silane anchored polyoxometalate obtained in step (a) with an aqueous liquid;
- step (c) reacting the hydrolyzed alkoxy silane anchored polyoxometalate obtained in step (b) with a silica containing substrate.
- the polyoxometalate is reacted in step (a) with a silane of the formula Si(OR 1 )2R 2 2 , wherein R 1 is alkyl and R 2 is OR 1 or CI.
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl chain with up to five carbon atoms, for example methyl or ethyl.
- the invention is moreover directed to a process for the manufacture of a component part of a household appliance, containing a thermoplastic polymer and a polyoxometalate, wherein the process comprises the steps:
- thermoplastic polymer (i) mixing at least one thermoplastic polymer with a silica containing substrate which is anchored to a polyoxometalate;
- step (ii) injection molding the mixture obtained in step (i) to form the component.
- the invention is directed moreover to an alternative process for the manufacture of a component part of a household appliance, containing a thermoplastic polymer and a polyoxometalate, wherein the process comprises the steps:
- thermoplastic polymer (j) mixing at least one thermoplastic polymer with a silica containing substrate;
- step (jjj) contacting the molded product obtained in step (jj) with a polyoxometalate
- the anchored heteropolyoxometalate can be mixed with the monomers before polymerization is carried out.
- the resulting polymer can e.g. be submitted to compounding processes, pressureless processing techniques (e.g. casting, dipping, coating, foaming) or compression molding, rolling and calendaring, extrusion, blow molding or injection molding processes or drawing, thermoforming or printing for forming a desired component part.
- the anchored polyoxometalate may be used in the component part, for example a liquid reservoir, together with a polymeric organic or inorganic binder.
- the optional binder is selected from among acrylate-based binders, polyurethane-based binders and silicone-based binders.
- Suitable acrylate-based binders are for example Grasolin 2K-Acryllack from the company Grasolin, WorleeCryl A1220 from the company Worlee Chemie, Bayhydrol® A145 from the company Covestro, a water-reducible, hydroxyfunctional polyacrylic dispersion, and Desmophen® A265BA from the company Covestro.
- a suitable polyurethane (PUR)-based binder is for example ATCOAT Atrepur 340 from the company ATCOAT.
- Suitable silicone resin-based binders are for example Silikopon® EF from the company Evonik, 2577 Low Voc from the company Dow Corning or Bluesil RES 991 from the company Bluesil.
- a desired component part can be obtained for example by dip-coating a corresponding polymer body into a liquid containing the binder and the anchored polyoxometalate.
- a foil wherein the anchored polyoxometalate is combined with a suitable carrier material and the binder, such that only a comparatively small amount of polyoxometalate might be required in order to cover a large surface area.
- Such foils can be applied for example by glueing or meltbonding.
- such foils may be placed directly in an injection mould and thus directly utilized for the manufacture of a component part.
- the present invention has several advantages.
- the polyoxometalate which is used in component parts because of its anti-microbial properties can be incorporated therein in an improved manner. Less polyoxometalate is necessary to obtain a component part with the same antimicrobial efficiency. Moreover, other negative side effects that occur upon the degradation of polyoxometalates as for example unwanted colour changes can be avoided. Operational costs for the manufacturing process can be reduced because less polyoxometalate has to be used for the manufacture of a component part with the same biocide effect. In embodiments of the invention it is even possible to avoid any thermal or chemical degradation of the polyoxometalate. Moreover, more and sometimes even all active sites for antimicrobial properties will be available in contrast to known processes and household appliances.
- the invention has moreover the advantage that a household appliance with improved hygiene is made available in a simple and cost-effective manner.
- this is advantageous in the case of a water-bearing household appliance which has a markedly lower susceptibility to dirt especially involving microorganisms.
- a particular advantage of the use of the anchored polyoxometalates described herein lies in the fact that the anchored polyoxometalates are able to function for years without additional activation or energy input as a catalytic system.
- the oxygen radicals which disinfect the interior of the household appliance, can be produced easily and continuously.
- the preferred specific cations described herein In order to maintain the polyoxometalate at the surface of the component part and to prevent dissolution into a surrounding liquid or gaseous medium or any other depletion because of the contact with a surrounding medium, it is preferable to use the preferred specific cations described herein.
- Organic ions with a long chain are especially suitable as described herein. Particularly preferred examples thereof are the methyltrioctylyammonium and tributyltetradecylphosphonium cations.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of relevant parts of an embodiment of the household appliance according to the invention configured as a washing machine as non-limiting example.
- Fig. 2 is a representation of an atomic model of a polyoxometalate that has been provided with a silicon containing linker in order to facilitate a later anchoring of the polyoxometalate on a silica containing substrate.
- Fig. 3 shows by means of atomic models the different steps of a process for the manufacture of a polyoxometalate that has been grafted, i.e. anchored on a flat silica containing substrate, for example a glass sheet.
- the Examples illustrate the process for the manufacture of a component part of a household appliance containing polypropylene as polymer and at least one polyoxometalate, ⁇ [ ⁇ - SiWiiC>39] .
- the used polymeric body made of polypropylene has no specific shape and inorganic cations are being used which is however sufficient for illustration purposes.
- Preparation of a polyoxometalate (POM) functionalized with Si-anchorable groups Synthesis of K 8 [a-SiWii039]-13H 2 0 1 1 [W0 4 ] 2 - + [Si0 3 ] 2 - + 16 H + -> [a-SiWuOsg] 8" +8H 2 0
- Solution A sodium metasilicate (1 1 g, 50 mmol) was dissolved in 100 mL water.
- Solution B sodium tungstate (182 g, 0.55 mol) was dissolved in 300 mL boiling water in a separate 1 -L beaker containing a magnetic stirring bar.
- solution B was then slowly added 165 mL of 4M HCI over 10 min, with vigorous stiring. Then, solution A was poured into the tungstate solution, and the pH was quickly adjusted to between 5 and 6 by the addition of 4 M HCI solution (50mL). The resulting solution was boiled for an hour and thereafter cooled to room temperature. The pH was maintained by the addition of small amounts of 4 M HCI for 100 min. Solid potassium chloride (150 g) was then added to the solution and it was gently stirred. After some time, the white solid was collected by filtering through a sintered glass funnel. It was washed with 2 * 50mL of cold water and finally dried in air.
- a suspension of the functionalized POM and samples of additivated PP (ratio 10:1 in weight) in wet hexane or isopropanol or ethanol was left without stirring during 5 min at laboratory standard conditions of temperature ( ⁇ 24°C).
- the PP samples were washed with the same solvent used, i.e. hexane or isopropanol or ethanol, to eliminate the molecules that have not been anchored, then dried and characterized by XPS.
- a polypropylene based polymer body was used wherein polypropylene was present in admixture with a silica containing substrate which was however different in the two examples.
- the anchoring of the polyoxometalate was then effected by bringing the polymer body into contact with a wet, i.e. water containing, suspension of the functionalized POM.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of relevant parts of an embodiment of the household appliance according to the invention configured as a washing machine as non-limiting example.
- the washing machine 1 of this embodiment has an outer tub 2 in which a drum 3 is rotatably mounted and can be driven by a drive motor 15.
- the rotation axis 4 of the drum 3 is oriented upwardly out of the horizontal by a small angle, so that easier access to, and inspection of the interior of the drum 3 is provided.
- the washing machine 1 also has a water feed system which comprises a water connection fixture for the domestic water supply 9, an electrically controllable valve 10 and a feed pipe 1 1 which extends to the outer tub 2 and which is fed via a detergent dispenser tray 12 from which the feed liquid is able to transport washing agent portions to the outer tub 2.
- a water feed system which comprises a water connection fixture for the domestic water supply 9, an electrically controllable valve 10 and a feed pipe 1 1 which extends to the outer tub 2 and which is fed via a detergent dispenser tray 12 from which the feed liquid is able to transport washing agent portions to the outer tub 2.
- a heating device 14 is also provided in the outer tub 2.
- the valve 10 and the heating device 14 can be controlled by a program control system 13 depending on a program execution plan which can be linked to a time program and/or to the reaching of particular measured values of parameters such as the liquor level, the liquor temperature, the rotary speed of the drum 3, etc. within the washing machine 1 .
- 16 denotes a pump for the liquid, in particular washing liquor 7, in the outer tub 2.
- a water reservoir 18 can store the greywater which has been used for rinsing the laundry item 8. Said greywater can be used for a later washing cycle.
- the water reservoir 18 is connected via a line ("feed pipe for rinsing liquid") 19 to the valve 10 which also regulates the fresh water feed.
- a circulating element 20 and an air infeed element 21 which can also be controlled by the program control system 13 are provided in the water reservoir 18. With these measures, a particularly efficient oxidation reaction is possible at the interior surface 17 in the water reservoir 18.
- Fig. 2 is a representation of an atomic model of a polyoxometalate that has been provided with a silicon containing linker by reacting the polyoxometalate with a silane of the formula Si(OR) 4 , wherein R is an alkyl, in order to facilitate a later anchoring of the polyoxometalate on a silica containing substrate.
- TEOS has the meaning tetraethoxy silane.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un appareil électroménager (1) comprenant une pièce constitutive (12,18) contenant un polymère et au moins un polyoxométallate, le polyoxométallate étant ancré à un substrat contenant de la silice. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d'un polyoxométallate qui est ancré à un substrat contenant de la silice, et des procédés pour la fabrication de la pièce constitutive (12,18).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201880060424.3A CN111093457A (zh) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-06 | 带有包含锚定的多金属氧酸盐的构件部分的家用器具、用于制造多金属氧酸盐的方法和用于制造该构件部分的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17382627.2A EP3459423B1 (fr) | 2017-09-20 | 2017-09-20 | Appareil ménager ayant une pièce comprenant polyoxometallate ancré, un procédé pour fabriquer le polyoxometallate ancré et un procédé pour fabriquer la pièce |
| ESP201731135 | 2017-09-20 | ||
| EP17382627.2 | 2017-09-20 | ||
| ES201731135 | 2017-09-20 |
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| WO2019057507A1 true WO2019057507A1 (fr) | 2019-03-28 |
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| PCT/EP2018/074003 WO2019057507A1 (fr) | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-06 | Appareil électroménager doté d'une pièce constitutive contenant du polyoxométallate ancré, procédé de fabrication du polyoxométallate et procédés de fabrication de la pièce constitutive |
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| WO (1) | WO2019057507A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115155663A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-11 | 山东交通学院 | 一种磁性Wells-Dawson杂多酸复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN116474830A (zh) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-25 | 广东新华粤石化集团股份公司 | 一种用于环戊烯氧化高选择性合成戊二醛的负载型杂多酸催化剂及其应用 |
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| CN116474830A (zh) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-25 | 广东新华粤石化集团股份公司 | 一种用于环戊烯氧化高选择性合成戊二醛的负载型杂多酸催化剂及其应用 |
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| CN111093457A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
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