WO2019055529A1 - Systèmes et procédés de conversion par raffinage du charbon en produits de grande valeur - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés de conversion par raffinage du charbon en produits de grande valeur Download PDF

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WO2019055529A1
WO2019055529A1 PCT/US2018/050690 US2018050690W WO2019055529A1 WO 2019055529 A1 WO2019055529 A1 WO 2019055529A1 US 2018050690 W US2018050690 W US 2018050690W WO 2019055529 A1 WO2019055529 A1 WO 2019055529A1
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solvent
pyrolysis
coal
solvent extraction
high value
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PCT/US2018/050690
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English (en)
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John Ackerman
John Myers
Richard HORNER
Carl Bauer
David Bell
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University Of Wyoming
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Priority to US16/642,560 priority Critical patent/US20200332197A1/en
Priority to JP2020515212A priority patent/JP2020533471A/ja
Publication of WO2019055529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019055529A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C10G1/042—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction by the use of hydrogen-donor solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C10G1/045—Separation of insoluble materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
    • C10G1/065—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of a solvent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4006—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4012—Pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects

Definitions

  • thermochemical processes for the deliberate decomposition, extraction and conversion of coal into high-value products and goods using a combination of pyrolysis and solvent extraction.
  • the described systems and methods are versatile deliberate and may be used to generate a variety of intermediate and finished high value products including chemicals (aromatics, asphaltenes, napthalenes, phenols and precursors for the production of polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, graphitic materials), polymer composite products (resins, coatings, adhesives), agricultural materials, building materials, carbon fiber, graphene products and other materials that are substantially more valuable that the energy generated via combustion.
  • these systems and methods are specifically designed to be highly branched (i.e.
  • thermochemical processes convert a large portion of the coal feedstock into and extracts from coal value added products and may focus on converting a high percentage (e.g. greater than 50% dry basis) of the solid material into fluids. These systems and methods may avoid expensive, energy intensive hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes.
  • the thermochemical processes described herein use an integrated combination of thermal and chemical processes to provide controlled and deliberate conversion of coal and extraction from coal into a selective and switchable mix of high-value products that may be optimized to achieve profitable manufacturing motivated by the total value of goods generated.
  • a method for converting coal into a plurality of high value coal products comprising: i) providing a feedstock, wherein the feedstock is at least partially derived from coal; ii) processing the feedstock, wherein the processing step includes a combination of pyrolysis and solvent extraction, wherein the pyrolysis and solvent extraction are integrated and carried out under conditions for generating a plurality of high value coal products.
  • the percentage of high value coal products that are liquid at standard temperature and pressure may be greater than or equal to 50% dry basis, greater than or equal to 60%, or optionally, greater than or equal to 70%.
  • the step of processing may be highly branched, discriminating and wide ranging, yet highly selective.
  • Pyrolysis is generally used in the described systems to reduce the size or length of the complex molecules commonly found in coal and to concentrate extracts.
  • Pyrolysis as described herein may refer to flash pyrolysis, for example, having small residence times (on the order of seconds) at high temperatures.
  • the pyrolysis processes described herein may, in some embodiments, specifically exclude the use of a catalyst and, in some embodiments, specifically include the use of a catalyst.
  • the pyrolysis processes described herein may, in some
  • embodiments be highly selective.
  • Pyrolysis may be a single stage pyrolysis, multiple single stage pyrolysis, a single multistage pyrolysis, multiple multistage pyrolysis or a combination of single stage and multistage pyrolysis steps.
  • Each pyrolysis or pyrolysis step may independently be performed at a pressure selected from the range of 0.5 atm to 15 atm, 0.9 atm to 15 atm, or 0.9 atm to 10 atm.
  • Each pyrolysis or pyrolysis step may be performed at a temperature selected from the range of 400 °C to 1200 °C, 750 °C to 1200 °C, or optionally, 900 °C to 1100 °C.
  • the residence time for pyrolysis is selected over the range of 30 minutes to 0.1 seconds and optionally less than or equal to 10 seconds, 5 seconds, 2 seconds, or 1 second.
  • Pyrolysis may be integrated with solvent extraction, as a pretreatment or post treatment. In each pyrolysis or pyrolysis step may independently be performed at a pressure selected from the range of 0.5 atm to 15 atm, 0.9 aim to 1 atm, or 0.9 atm to 10 atm.
  • Solvent extraction may generate a mass percentage of gas, excluding water vapor, less than or equal to 25%, less than or equal to 15%, less than or equal to 10%, less than or equal to 5%, or optionally, less than or equal to 3%.
  • Solvent extraction may generate a mass percentage of liquid, which may include or exclude the solvent itself up to 100%, which itself becomes a precursor or intermediate for further processing into goods and products.
  • Pyrolysis may be performed in nitrogen, air or hydrogen-donating environment such as in the presence of hydrogen gas, methane, syngas or any combination thereof. Pyrolysis may be flash pyrolysis.
  • Solvent extraction is generally used to remove and/or separate various components of the solid feedstock including the intermediates and end products. It should be noted, that in some instances solvent extraction does facilitate chemical reactions including conversion of solid material into liquids and may chemically alter the various components being processed. Various solvents known in the art may be used, including aliphatic, aromatic, hydrogen donating, non- polar solvents, polar solvents and ionic liquid solvents. Solvent extraction may include multistage extraction and multiple solvent extraction steps ahead or following pyrolysis. Solvent extraction may include super critical fluid steps. Solvent extraction may also utilize fractionation, or the use of multiple solvent extraction steps at different temperatures and pressures. Various uses of solvent recovery, including solvent recycling may provide additional efficiency and cost savings in addition to the solvent being a precursor or intermediate product for further processing in itself.
  • Solvent extraction may be performed with at least one liquid solvent.
  • the at least one solvent may be selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic solvent, an aromatic solvent, a polar solvent, a hydrogen donating solvent, an ionic liquid solvent and any combination thereof.
  • Solvent extraction may use at least two liquid solvents.
  • the first solvent may be a polar solvent, a combination of solvents which may include polar and aromatic solvents applied separately.
  • the second solvent may be a hydrogen donating solvent or vice versa.
  • the solvent extract itself may be an intermediate that is further processed into a finished product.
  • Solvent extraction may be a single stage solvent extraction, multiple single stage solvent extractions, a single multistage solvent extraction, multiple multistage solvent extractions or a combination of single stage and multistage solvent extractions.
  • Solvent extraction may be performed at a temperature less than the critical temperature of the solvent.
  • Each Solvent extraction or step may independently be performed at less than or equal to 400 °C, less than or equal to 350 °C, or optionally, less than or equal to 300 °C.
  • Solvent extraction may generate a mass percentage of gas, excluding water vapor, less than or equal to 10%, less than or equal to 5%, or optionally, less than or equal to 1%.
  • Solvents as described herein may comprise tetralin (1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene), 1-methyl-napthalene, toluene, dimethylformamide (DMF) or any combination thereof.
  • a solvent may be impure, for example, due to recycle or separation inefficiencies.
  • the described systems and method are flexible and the solvent extraction step may be performed prior to the pyrolysis step and vice versa. Further, systems that are more complex may utilize multiple pyrolysis steps and/or multiple solvent extraction steps in any combination, for example, a first pyrolysis step followed by a first solvent extraction and then a second pyrolysis step. Additionally, recycle streams may be utilized such that a portion the output from one step (either pyrolysis or solvent extract) may be recycled and used as in input or as a portion of an input for a previous step, subsequent step or current step.
  • the solvent extraction and pyrolysis steps may be considered as integrated achieving results that pyrolysis and/or solvent extraction cannot achieve alone.
  • the primary feedstocks described herein are generally coal or coal-based, including run of mine coal and/or coal, which may be physically, chemically and/or thermally pre- processed which may include drying and vapors recovery. Pre-processing may include pulverizing, de-ashing and/or drying.
  • the described systems and methods are flexible and may be used with any primary feedstock including lignite, subbituminous and bituminous coal.
  • Secondary feedstocks inclusions may include other hydrocarbon sources such as biomass and oil shale and/or inclusion of secondary recycle streams from downstream processes e.g. syngas and other reactive mineral resources such as trona.
  • High value coal products comprise benzene, toluene, xylenes (including isomers), phenols, cresols, xylenols (including isomers), naphthenols, C9 single ring aromatics (including isomers), CI O single ring aromatics (including isomers) or any combination thereof.
  • High value coal products may comprise paraffins, olefins, asphaltenes, napthenes or a combination thereof.
  • High value coal extractive products may include metals and rare earth elements.
  • High value coal products may comprise asphaltenic intermediates and/or finished products.
  • High value coal products may comprise road paving and roofing intermediates, additives or finished products.
  • High value coal products may comprise coal tar, distillates, pitch, asphalt, graphitic materials, carbon fibers or any combination thereof.
  • High value coal products may comprise soil amendments and fertility products.
  • High value coal products may comprise building materials.
  • a significant portion of the high value coal products may be solids, for example, greater than or equal to 10% solids, greater than or equal to 20% solids, or optionally, greater than or equal to 30% solids.
  • the solids may be converted to graphitic materials, construction materials, composite materials, liquid additives or any combination thereof when combined a resin, liquid or other bi-product generated by the methods described herein.
  • High value products may include syngas, urea, CO2 and/or acetylene.
  • a method for converting coal into a plurality of high value coal products comprising: i) providing a primary feedstock at least partially derived from coal; ii) processing the primary feedstock, wherein the processing sequence is a) a pyrolysis step, wherein the pyrolysis step is performed in less than or equal to 10 seconds performed in a hydrogen rich atmosphere; and b) a solvent extraction step, wherein the solvent extraction step is performed with at least one liquid solvent, wherein the liquid solvent is selected from the group consisting of: a polar solvent, and/or a hydrogen donating solvent and/or any combination thereof; c) wherein the pyrolysis step is the first process step carried out on the primary feedstock and wherein the solvent extraction process is the second process step carried out on the solid char produced from the pyrolysis; d) wherein the pyrolysis and solvent extraction process are integrated and carried out under conditions for generating a plurality of high value coal products.
  • the pyrolysis step may be a flash pyrolysis process.
  • the solvent extraction step may be a single stage solvent extraction, multiple single stage solvent extractions, a single multistage solvent extraction, multiple multistage solvent extractions or a combination of single stage and multistage solvent extractions.
  • the solvent extraction step may use two or more solvents.
  • Processing the feedstock may further comprise one or more separation steps occurring after the pyrolysis, after the solvent extraction process or in between multiple solvent extractions.
  • Figure 1 provides an overview of the described process including additional postprocessing to generate liquid and solid products.
  • Figure 2 provides an example processing step where pyrolysis is followed by solvent extraction.
  • Figure 3 provides an example of a multistage solvent extraction step where two different solvents are used to increase extraction effectiveness.
  • Figure 4 provides an overview including inputs and outputs.
  • Figure 5 is an example of a highly branched, highly selective process utilizing solvent extraction and pyrolysis.
  • Figure 7 provides an example overview with high detail regarding products and additional processes.
  • Figure 8 provides additional examples of integrated, multistage processing steps.
  • Figure 9 provides example thermochemical processing steps.
  • feedstock at least partially derived from coal refers to a solid, powder, slurry, liquid, fluid or other material that has been generated from a raw coal source.
  • raw coal may be crushed into a powder prior to processing.
  • the feedstock may have various physical, thermal and chemical pretreatments known in the art to further facilitate processing of the feedstock, for example, by flash pyrolysis and solvent extraction.
  • the feedstock may also act as a recycled stream from one or more of the downstream processes or intermediates (e.g. solid material remaining after solvent extraction) so that additional products, such as liquid products, may be promoted by reprocessing less valuable or unwanted intermediate products.
  • Coal refers to predominately solid hydrocarbons that may contain some amount of fluid material. Coal is generally composed of hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. Coal, as described herein, may refer to bituminous coal, subbituminous coal and lignite. Coal may also refer to ash or peat.
  • solvent extraction refers to the process of flowing a liquid solvent through or across a feedstock or intermediate product to facilitate the extraction components of the material via chemical reaction and/or mass transfer via solubility in the solvent.
  • solvent extraction may utilize one or more solids in one or more solvent extraction steps, including in multistage solvent extractions in which the same or similar solvents are repeatedly used on a materials.
  • Solvents, as described herein may be mixtures including mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons generated by the processes described herein.
  • Solvents, as described herein may be mixtures of a number of solvents. Solvents may be recycled and reused as is known in the art.
  • Solvent extraction may be at subcritical temperatures. Solvent extraction may be performed at reduced pressures, atmospherics pressures or increased pressures.
  • solvent refers to a liquid or a mixture of liquids or cocktails having solubility with regard to hydrocarbons or other species and molecules present in coal.
  • Solvent may refer to a complex mixture of liquids, including hydrocarbon mixtures generally defined by boiling point ranges.
  • Solvents may be polar, paraffinic, aromatic, alcohol, ionic, and/or hydrogen-donating in nature. In embodiments utilizing two or more solvents, solvents may be distinguished by composition, additives, molecular design, boiling point ranges or a combinations thereof.
  • High Value Coal Products describe chemicals and materials (both solid and liquid) generated by the processes described herein that are more valuable than the coal or feedstock at least partially derived from coal.
  • High value coal products may refer to liquid products generated from predominately solid coal.
  • the high value coal products described herein may have a 1.5x, 2x, 3x, 5x, lOx, or optionally, at least 50x monetary value in comparison with the coal or raw coal material provided in the feedstock.
  • High value coal products may refer coal products that are 1.5x, 2x, 3x, 5x, lOx, or optionally, at least 50x more valuable than the energy that would be produced via burning of the coal.
  • High value coal products may refer to products that are not fuel (e.g.
  • High value coal products include polymers (e.g., polyurethane, polyesters, polyamides), high value chemicals (BTX, paraffins, olefins, asphaltenes), composite materials, carbon fiber, graphene, building materials, road, paving and roofing materials and soil amendments.
  • High value coal products may represent a fraction of the total material converted from the feedstock, for example, 50% of the total products on a dry basis, 70% of the total products on a dry basis, 80% of the total products on a dry basis, or optionally, 90% of the total products on a dry basis.
  • "Hydrogen rich environment” refers to an atmosphere comprising a large composition of hydrogen gas.
  • Hydrogen rich environment may refer to an atmosphere comprising greater than or equal to 50 mole percent hydrogen, or in some embodiments, greater than or equal to 70 mole percent hydrogen. Hydrogen rich environment may refer to the atmosphere or conditions of a chamber or vessel in which pyrolysis is performed.
  • Inert atmosphere refers to an environment in which the gas phase is chemically inactive with the feedstock(s) present.
  • Pressure values described herein are provided as absolute pressure values, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the oven is turned on and the vessel is heated to a controlled 360 °C.
  • the solvent flow continues for 2 hrs after this temperature is reached. Insignificant (assumed zero) gas flows were noted.
  • the solvent flow is stopped and the oven turned off, thus allowing the vessel to cool.
  • the pressure drops to atmospheric.
  • argon is flowed through the vessel for 36 hrs to remove remaining solvent from the solid residue. The resulting residue is weighed to determine the yield.
  • PMC coal based derived polymeric matrix composite
  • the process scheme consists of 3 stages, namely 1) Extraction of organic residue, 2) Conversion of resulting solid to functionalized graphitic char, and 3) Reacting the residue and functionalized char with a di-isocyanate to make a urethane based polymeric composite.
  • a second sample of urethane is made by suspending 10 g coal in dimethylformamide at room temperature and the extract is separated by filtration from the solids and then directly reacted with 0.35g of ethylene glycol at 150 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure. The solution was refluxed for 4 hours and placed in a heated petri dish to form the polyester deposit as above.
  • the coal residue is extracted using DMF as a solvent at temperatures up to 450 °C where temperatures over 150 °C require a pressure vessel and the volume yield of extract increases with temperature.
  • concentration of residue in the solvent Prior to reacting to form the composite, the concentration of residue in the solvent should approach 1 g residue 2 g solvent, i.e. as close to saturation as possible. This solution is used to make the composite.
  • coal extract was made by suspending coal in a high temperature, high pressure tetralin solution, whereby the dissolved extract precipitated from solution as the temperature and pressure were reduced.
  • 0.5 g of the solid extract is then dissolved in acetone and heated under reflux at 60 °C for 4 hours with a 0.25 g of toluene di- isocyanate. The solution is then placed in a heated petri dish and the acetone evaporated to produce films of the urethane.
  • a second sample of urethane is made by suspending 10 g coal in dimethylformamide at room temperature.
  • the graphene powder or film is then produced by: 3) Tip/bath sonication of resulting material in spray friendly solvents (ethanol and isopropyl alcohol), 4) Centrifugation of the material to select nanoflake material in supernatant followed by decanting of solution to remove the bottom solid material, 5) Vacuum drying of the supernatant produces graphene flake powder (powder synthesis), 6) Forced nebulization of supernatant from step 4 onto heated substrates to form conductive films of variable thickness and conductivities, and 7) Synthesized films were then further annealed via tube furnace annealing from 800-1450°C (Film synthesis).
  • graphite oxide powder and graphene oxide films may be produced via: 3) Oxidation of material using strong oxidizer for variable time or until violent oxidation of solution occurs.
  • the oxidizing solution consisted of 98% sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate , and sodium nitrate, 4)
  • the solids are collected via centrifugation and washed 3x with deionized water with each wash followed by centrifugation and 5)
  • the solution supernatant was discarded and the solids dried via freeze drying (Powder synthesis).
  • any one or more hydrogens in a molecule disclosed can be replaced with deuterium or tritium.
  • Isotopic variants of a molecule are generally useful as standards in assays for the molecule and in chemical and biological research related to the molecule or its use. Methods for making such isotopic variants are known in the art. Specific names of compounds are intended to be exemplary, as it is known that one of ordinary skill in the art can name the same compounds differently.
  • ionizable groups groups from which a proton can be removed (e.g., -COOH) or added (e.g., amines) or which can be quaternized (e.g., amines)]. All possible ionic forms of such molecules and salts thereof are intended to be included individually in the disclosure herein.
  • salts of the compounds herein one of ordinary skill in the art can select from among a wide variety of available counterions those that are appropriate for preparation of salts of this invention for a given application. In specific applications, the selection of a given anion or cation for preparation of a salt may result in increased or decreased solubility of that salt.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés thermochimiques intégrés permettant de convertir du charbon en des produits de grande valeur, faisant intervenir l'association d'une pyrolyse et d'une extraction aux solvants. Les systèmes et procédés décrits sont polyvalents et peuvent être utilisés pour produire toute une gamme de produits de grande valeur, notamment des produits chimiques (composés aromatiques, asphaltènes, naphtènes, phénols, polyamides, polyuréthannes, polyesters), des produits composites polymères (résines, revêtements), des produits graphitiques, des matériaux à usage agricole, des matériaux de construction, de la fibre de carbone et d'autres produits qui ont une valeur considérablement plus grande que ceux qui sont produits par énergie par l'intermédiaire d'une combustion. En outre, ces systèmes et procédés sont plus particulièrement conçus pour présenter un degré élevé de ramification et une grande souplesse, ce qui autorise une sélectivité et une optimisation élevées permettant d'augmenter la valeur des produits, par rapport à celle de la charge de départ.
PCT/US2018/050690 2017-09-13 2018-09-12 Systèmes et procédés de conversion par raffinage du charbon en produits de grande valeur WO2019055529A1 (fr)

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US16/642,560 US20200332197A1 (en) 2017-09-13 2018-09-12 Systems and methods for refining coal into high value products
JP2020515212A JP2020533471A (ja) 2017-09-13 2018-09-12 石炭を高価値製品に精製するための系及び方法

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