WO2019047179A1 - 圆极化双频天线 - Google Patents

圆极化双频天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019047179A1
WO2019047179A1 PCT/CN2017/101115 CN2017101115W WO2019047179A1 WO 2019047179 A1 WO2019047179 A1 WO 2019047179A1 CN 2017101115 W CN2017101115 W CN 2017101115W WO 2019047179 A1 WO2019047179 A1 WO 2019047179A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circularly polarized
frequency antenna
vibrator
polarized dual
antenna according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/101115
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤一君
吕超
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201780027101.XA priority Critical patent/CN109417223B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/101115 priority patent/WO2019047179A1/zh
Publication of WO2019047179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047179A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a circularly polarized dual-band antenna.
  • the anti-interference ability of circularly polarized antennas is generally better than that of linearly polarized antennas.
  • existing circularly polarized antennas are more difficult to achieve a wider beamwidth.
  • the performance of the circularly polarized antenna deteriorates significantly as the attitude of the circularly polarized antenna changes with the attitude of the carrier.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna and improve the radiation characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna, including a plurality of dipoles and a feed network, wherein
  • the dipole is disposed on a cylinder surface, the dipole includes a first vibrator unit and a second vibrator unit, and the first vibrator unit and the second vibrator unit include a first vibrator and a second vibrator;
  • the first vibrator is arranged spirally on the cylinder surface
  • the feed network is coupled to the first transducer unit and the second transducer unit.
  • the first vibrator unit and the second vibrator unit comprise a first vibrator and two second vibrators.
  • the first vibrator extends helically from the connection to the feed network to the end of the cylinder.
  • the width of the first vibrator gradually increases from a direction away from the connection with the feed network.
  • the second vibrator includes a first extension and a second extension.
  • the first extension extends helically from the connection to the feed network towards the end of the cylinder.
  • the first extension extends helically toward the end of the cylinder from a connection with the feed network and perpendicular to the direction of the first vibrator.
  • the second extension extends helically from the connection between the first extension to the end of the cylinder.
  • the second extension extends from the connection portion with the first extension portion to the end of the cylindrical surface in a direction perpendicular to the first extension portion.
  • the first vibrator unit is disposed on one side of the cylinder, and the second vibrator unit is disposed on the other side of the cylinder.
  • the first vibrator disposed on one side of the cylinder extends in the same direction; the first vibrator disposed on the other side of the cylinder extends in the same direction; wherein the extending direction is the first vibrator away from The direction of the connection between the feeder network and the feed network.
  • the first vibrator unit is centrally symmetric with the second vibrator unit.
  • the length of the first vibrator is greater than the length of the second vibrator.
  • the feed network is disposed in a receiving space formed by the cylinder.
  • the feed network includes a first feed network and a second feed network; the first feed network is printed on one side of the feed substrate for connection with the first vibrator unit; A second feed network is printed on the other side of the feed substrate for connection to the second transducer unit.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna further includes a feeder, the first feed network includes a first feed point for connecting the inner core of the feeder; and the second feed network includes a second feed point for Connect the outer core of the feeder.
  • the wire extending from the first feeding point to the connection between the first feeding network and the first vibrator unit is a serpentine line; the second feeding point is to the second feeding network and the second vibrating unit
  • the wires extending between the connecting portions are serpentine wires.
  • the circularly polarized dual frequency antenna further comprises a symmetric converter, wherein the symmetric converter is connected to the second feed point.
  • the feed line is connected to the second feed point through a receiving space formed by the symmetrical converter.
  • a portion of the outer core of the feed line other than the connection portion with the second feed point is insulated from the symmetrical converter.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna further includes a reflective sheet, wherein the reflective sheet is disposed on a side close to the second feed network.
  • the feeding line is connected to the feeding network through a receiving space formed by the reflective sheet.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna further includes a cylindrical substrate; wherein the plurality of the dipoles are printed on a cylindrical surface of the substrate.
  • the cylinder surface is at least one of a cylindrical surface and a prism surface.
  • the omnidirectional dual-frequency antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has a better omnidirectionality by arranging a plurality of dipoles on the cylinder surface. At the same time, the omnidirectional dual-frequency antenna utilizes the design of each dipole comprising two vibrator units, giving the antenna the ability to operate at two frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial perspective structural view of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an angle of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another angle of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective exploded view of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a feed substrate of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a bottom view of a feed substrate of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a symmetric converter of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective sheet of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a return loss of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 2.4 GHz;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 5.8 GHz;
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a pitch-to-axis ratio of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 2.4 GHz;
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a pitch-to-axis ratio of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 5.8 GHz;
  • 15 is a horizontal axis ratio diagram of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 2.4 GHz;
  • 16 is a horizontal axis ratio diagram of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention at 5.8 GHz.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a feed network 1 and a plurality of dipoles 2, wherein the number of the dipoles
  • the number of the plurality of dipoles may be 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, etc., and is not specifically limited herein.
  • the plurality of dipoles are schematically illustrated as four dipoles.
  • the plurality of dipoles are disposed on the cylindrical surface 3, wherein the cylindrical surface 3 may be at least one of a cylindrical surface and a prism surface, and further, the prism surface may be a 4 prism surface, 5 prism face, 6 prism face, 7 prism face, 8 prism face, etc., are not specifically limited herein.
  • the embodiment of the present invention schematically illustrates the cylindrical surface as a cylindrical surface, and the place where the cylindrical surface is referred to herein may be equivalently replaced with a cylindrical surface.
  • the antenna further includes a cylindrical substrate 4, wherein the plurality of dipoles 2 are printed on a cylindrical surface on the cylindrical substrate 4, at this time, the cylindrical portion of the aforementioned portion 3 is the cylinder surface of the substrate, wherein the cylindrical substrate 4 may be cylindrical or prismatic, as described above, and details are not described herein again.
  • printing the plurality of dipoles 2 on the substrate 4 is only a feasible implementation.
  • the plurality of dipoles 2 may be bent from a metallic material and are not directly printed on the substrate 4.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated by printing the plurality of dipoles 2 on the substrate 4.
  • the carrier may be accommodated in the cylinder 3, wherein the carrier may be a non-metallic material, and the carrier may be used for the dipole 2, the substrate 4, and the feed network 1 for connecting to the feed network 1.
  • the carrier may be a non-metallic material, and the carrier may be used for the dipole 2, the substrate 4, and the feed network 1 for connecting to the feed network 1.
  • One or more of the feeders 6 are supported or fixed.
  • the carrier 5 can be housed in the inner cavity of the substrate 4.
  • each of the dipoles 2 includes two transducer units, which are a first transducer unit 21 and a second transducer unit 22, respectively.
  • Each of the vibrator units includes a first vibrator 221 and a second vibrator 222. Further, each of the vibrator units includes a first vibrator 221 and two second vibrators 222.
  • the design of the two vibrators enables the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present invention to have the ability to work at two frequencies.
  • the specific structure of the first vibrator 221 and the second vibrator 222 is as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • each of the first vibrators 221 is spirally disposed on the cylindrical surface 3. Specifically, the first vibrator 221 extends spirally from the connection portion with the feed network 1 toward the end of the cylindrical surface 3. Further, the width of the first vibrator 221 gradually increases from a direction away from the connection portion with the feed network 1.
  • each of the second vibrators 222 includes a first extension 2221 and a second extension 2222.
  • the first extension portion 2221 extends helically from the connection portion with the feed network 1 toward the end of the cylindrical surface 3, preferably, the first extension portion 2221 is perpendicular to the connection portion with the feed network 1
  • the direction of the first vibrator 221 extends helically toward the end of the cylindrical surface 3.
  • the second extension 2222 extends spirally from the connection portion with the first extension portion 2221 toward the end of the cylindrical surface 3, preferably, the connection between the second extension portion 2222 and the first extension portion 2221 The portion extends spirally toward the end of the cylindrical surface 3 in a direction perpendicular to the first extending portion 221.
  • the two second vibrators 222 are centerline symmetrical.
  • each vibrator unit has a substantially "mountain" shape.
  • the vibrator unit can also adopt other structural designs, and the two second vibrators are also not symmetrical with respect to the center line of the extending direction of the first vibrator.
  • the first extending portions 2221 of the two second vibrators 222 belonging to the same vibrator unit extend in opposite directions
  • the second extending portions 2222 of the two second vibrators 222 belonging to the same vibrator unit extend in the same direction.
  • the second extensions 2222 of the two second vibrators 222 belonging to the same vibrator unit may extend in opposite directions, and are not limited to the embodiment.
  • the first transducer unit 21 of each dipole and the second transducer unit 22 corresponding thereto are centrally symmetrical. That is, for the first transducer unit 21 and the second transducer unit 22 which belong to the same dipole, the direction in which the first transducer in the first transducer unit 21 extends and the first transducer 221 in the second transducer unit 22 extend. In the opposite direction, the second extension of the two second vibrators in the first transducer unit 21 extends in a direction opposite to the direction in which the second extensions 2222 of the two second transducers 222 in the second transducer unit 22 extend.
  • the first transducer units 21 of the dipoles 2 are all disposed on one side of the cylindrical surface, and the second transducer units 22 of the respective dipoles 2 are disposed on the other side of the cylindrical surface.
  • the directions in which the respective first vibrators disposed on one side of the cylindrical surface 3 extend are at least partially identical, and the directions in which the respective first vibrators disposed on the other side of the cylindrical surface 3 extend are at least partially identical.
  • the directions in which the respective first vibrators disposed on the same side of the cylinder 3 extend are the same.
  • the extending direction is a direction in which the first vibrator is away from the connection portion with the feeding network 1.
  • the direction in which the first extensions of the second vibrators disposed on one side of the cylinder 3 extend is at least partially identical, and the direction in which the second extensions of the second vibrators disposed on one side of the cylinder 3 extend is at least partially the same . Further, the direction in which the first extension portions of the second vibrators provided on the other side of the cylinder surface 3 extend is at least partially the same, and the direction in which the second extension portions of the second vibrators disposed on the other side of the cylinder surface 3 extend At least partially identical.
  • the first extension portions of the second vibrators disposed on the same side of the cylinder surface 3 extend in the same direction, and the second extension portions of the second vibrators disposed on the same side of the cylinder surface 3 extend in the same direction.
  • the current flow direction (the current phase will change from 0° to 360° back to the starting point and then again).
  • the current flows first to the upper right along the first vibrator 221 at the bottom end of the cylindrical surface, and then flows to the upper right along the first vibrator 221 at the top end of the cylindrical surface.
  • the first vibrator 221 at the top of the cylindrical surface is left
  • the lower stream flows along the first vibrator 221 at the bottom end of the cylindrical surface to the lower left. Accordingly, the current in the entire period of 0° to 360° is similar to the rotation in the counterclockwise direction, thereby radiating the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.
  • the current in the entire period of 0° to 360° is similar to the rotation in the counterclockwise direction, thereby radiating the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.
  • the direction in which the first vibrator 221 and the second vibrator 222 extend determines whether the circular polarization of the first vibrator 221 and the second vibrator 222 is right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized.
  • the first vibrator 221 is left-handed circularly polarized
  • the second vibrator 222 is left-handed circularly polarized. Based on the same principle, in some embodiments, if other circular polarization functions are desired, this can be achieved by adjusting the direction in which the second extension 2222 of the first vibrator 221 and the second vibrator 222 extends.
  • the length of the first vibrator 221 is greater than the length of the second vibrator 222 (ie, the sum of the lengths of the first extension portion 2221 and the second extension portion 2222).
  • the length of the first vibrator 221 is equal to a quarter wavelength of the first resonant frequency corresponding to the first vibrator 221
  • the length of the second vibrator 222 is equal to a quarter wavelength of the second resonant frequency corresponding to the second vibrator 222. It can be seen that the frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first vibrator 221 is lower than the electromagnetic wave frequency of the second vibrator 222.
  • the feed network 1 is disposed in a cylindrical surface and is connected to each of the first transducer unit 21 and each of the second transducer units 22, respectively.
  • the feed network 1 mainly includes a feed substrate 13, a first feed network 11, and a second feed network 12.
  • the first feed network 11 is printed on one side of the feed substrate 13 for connection with each of the first transducer units 21, and the second feed network 12 is printed on the other side of the feed substrate 13 for Each of the second transducer units 22 is connected.
  • each feed network may be a cross structure having four terminals.
  • Each of the connection ends of the first feed network 11 is connected to a first transducer unit 21, and each of the connection ends of the second feed network 12 is connected to a second transducer unit 22, respectively.
  • the first feeding network 11 and the second feeding network 12 are designed with a cross structure, and the distance from the center of each feeding network to each connecting end can be equal, thereby ensuring the feeding network to each The first vibrator is 21 yuan and the balanced feeding effect of each second vibrator unit 22.
  • other configurations of the feed network may be employed for different numbers of dipoles and feed requirements, and are not limited to this embodiment.
  • the thickness of the feed substrate 13 may preferably be 1 mm to 2 mm. That is, the distance between the first feed network 11 and the second feed network 12 may preferably be 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the first feed network 11 further includes a first feed point 111, and the second feed branch 12 A second feed point 121 is also included.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be connected to an external circuit through a feeding point.
  • the first feed point 111 can be connected to the inner core of the feed line 6
  • the second feed point 121 can be connected to the outer core of the feed line 6, and the feed line 6 is connected to an external circuit.
  • the wire extending from the first feeding point 111 to the connection between the first feeding network 11 and the first transducer unit 21 is a serpentine line
  • the second feeding point 121 is directed to the second feeding network 12 and
  • the wire extending between the connection portions of the second transducer unit 22 is a serpentine line, and the serpentine line can be used to perfectly match the dual frequency design of the antenna.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a symmetric converter 7 .
  • the symmetrical converter 7 is connected to the second feed point 121.
  • the feeder 6 is connected to the second feed point 121 through the accommodating space formed by the symmetrical inverter 7.
  • the portion of the outer core of the feed line 6 other than the connection portion with the second feed point 121 is kept insulated from the symmetrical inverter 7.
  • the antenna must leave the feeder to connect with external equipment. In this way, the influence of the feeder can not be neglected.
  • the current imbalance will be caused, resulting in deterioration of the antenna performance.
  • the metal physical properties of the feeder itself may also lead to deterioration of the antenna performance.
  • the simulation results show that the antenna is affected more seriously in the high frequency band. Therefore, designing the symmetrical converter can eliminate the current imbalance and improve the performance of the antenna.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a reflective sheet 8.
  • the reflection sheet 8 is disposed on the side close to the second feed network 12. Specifically, the accommodating space formed by the feed line 6 through the reflection sheet 8 is connected to the feed network 1 .
  • the pattern of the antenna will exhibit an asymmetry, indicating a state of slight depression.
  • Increasing the reflection sheet can partially increase the direction of the antenna pattern downward, so that the direction of the antenna The figure is more symmetrical and improves the performance of the antenna.
  • the reflection sheet 8 may preferably have a circular sheet-like structure.
  • reflective sheets of other configurations may be employed for different feeding needs, and are not limited to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 shows a return loss diagram of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna generates a resonance at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively.
  • the bandwidth is greater than 100MHz.
  • the first resonant frequency is 2.4 GHz
  • the second resonant frequency is 5.8 GHz.
  • Figure 11 shows the direction of left-handed and right-handed polarization of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna at 2.4 GHz. It can be seen that at 2.4 GHz, the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna radiates mainly left-handed circularly polarized waves. In accordance with the above principle of antenna radiation Analysis, while cross polarization is greater than 15dB.
  • Figure 12 shows the left-handed and right-handed polarization patterns of a circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna at 5.8 GHz. It can be seen that at 5.8 GHz, the omnidirectional dual-frequency antenna radiates mainly left-handed circularly polarized waves. Comply with the above analysis of the antenna radiation principle, and the cross polarization is greater than 15dB.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 it shows the pitch-to-axis ratio of the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 it shows the horizontal axis ratio of the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively.
  • the circularly polarized dual-frequency antenna proposed by the embodiment of the present invention has omnidirectional circular polarization at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and has excellent circular polarization performance.
  • circularly polarized dual frequency antenna shown in the figures and described in this specification is but one example of many circularly polarized dual frequency antennas that can employ the principles of the present invention. It should be clearly understood that the principles of the present invention are in no way limited to any detail of the circularly polarized dual frequency antenna shown in the figures or described in this specification or any component of a circularly polarized dual frequency antenna.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the circularly polarized dual frequency antenna proposed by the present invention are described and/or illustrated in detail above.
  • embodiments of the invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather, the components and/or steps of each embodiment can be used independently and separately from the other components and/or steps described herein.
  • Each component and/or each step of an embodiment can also be used in combination with other components and/or steps of other embodiments.
  • the terms "a”, “an”, “the”, “the”, etc. are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开一种圆极化双频天线，包括多个偶极子、馈电网络，偶极子设置在柱面上，偶极子包括第一振子单元和第二振子单元，第一振子单元和第二振子单元包括第一振子和第二振子；其中，第一振子螺旋式地设置在柱面上。馈电网络与第一振子单元和第二振子单元连接。本发明实施例提供的全向双频天线，通过将多个偶极子设置在柱面上，使天线具备较佳的全向性。同时，该全向双频天线利用每个偶极子包括两个振子单元的设计，使天线具备在两个频率上工作的能力。

Description

圆极化双频天线 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种圆极化双频天线。
背景技术
对天线而言，圆极化天线的抗干扰能力通常要优于线极化天线。然而，现有圆极化天线较难做到较宽的波束宽度。另外，当圆极化天线安装在载体上时，例如安装在无人机上时，圆极化天线姿态随着载体的姿态发生变化时，圆极化天线的性能会明显恶化。而且，在现有技术中，圆极化天线很难实现在双频圆极化的特性。这些都可能降低圆极化天线的可用性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何提高天线的圆极化性能，改善圆极化天线的辐射特性。
本发明的额外方面和优点将部分地在下面的描述中阐述，并且部分地将从描述中变得显然，或者可以通过本发明的实践而习得。
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供一种圆极化双频天线，包括多个偶极子、馈电网络，其特征在于，
所述偶极子设置在柱面上，所述偶极子包括第一振子单元和第二振子单元，第一振子单元和第二振子单元包括第一振子和第二振子；
其中，第一振子螺旋式地设置在所述柱面上；
所述馈电网络与第一振子单元和第二振子单元连接。
可选地，所述第一振子单元和第二振子单元包括第一振子和两个第二振子。
可选地，所述第一振子从与馈电网络的连接部螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
可选地，第一振子的宽度从远离与馈电网络的连接部的方向逐渐变大。
可选地，所述第二振子包括第一延伸部和第二延伸部。
可选地，所述第一延伸部从与馈电网络的连接部螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
可选地，所述第一延伸部从与馈电网络的连接部且垂直于第一振子的方向螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
可选地，所述第二延伸部从与第一延伸部之间的连接部螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
可选地，所述第二延伸部从与第一延伸部之间的连接部沿垂直于第一延伸部的方向螺旋式向柱面的端部延伸。
可选地，所述第一振子单元设置在柱面的一侧，所述第二振子单元设置在柱面的另外一侧。
可选地，所述设置在柱面一侧的第一振子延伸的方向相同；所述设置在柱面另一侧的第一振子延伸的方向相同；其中，所述延伸方向为第一振子远离与馈电网络之间的连接部的方向。
可选地，第一振子单元与第二振子单元中心对称。
可选地，所述第一振子的长度大于第二振子的长度。
可选地，所述馈电网络设置在所述柱面形成的收容空间内。
可选地，所述馈电网络包括第一馈电网络和第二馈电网络；所述第一馈电网络被印刷在馈电基板的一侧，用于与第一振子单元连接；所述第二馈电网络被印刷在馈电基板的另一侧，用于与第二振子单元连接。
可选地，所述圆极化双频天线还包括馈线，第一馈电网络包括第一馈电点，用于连接馈线的内芯；第二馈电网络包括第二馈电点，用于连接馈线的外芯。
可选地，第一馈电点向第一馈电网络和第一振子单元之间的连接部延伸的导线为蛇形线；第二馈电点向第二馈电网络和第二振子单元之间的连接部延伸的导线为蛇形线。
可选地，所述圆极化双频天线还包括对称变换器，其中所述对称变换器与第二馈电点连接。
可选地，所述馈线穿过对称变换器形成的收容空间与第二馈电点连接。
可选地，所述馈线的外芯中除与第二馈电点之间的连接部之外的部分均与对称变换器保持绝缘状态。
可选地，所述圆极化双频天线还包括反射片，其中，所述反射片设置在靠近第二馈电网络的一侧。
可选地，所述馈线穿过反射片形成的收容空间与馈电网络连接。
可选地，所述圆极化双频天线还包括柱形的基板；其中，所述多个所述偶极子印刷在基板的柱面上。
可选地，所述柱面为圆柱面、棱柱面中的至少一种。
由上述技术方案可知，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明实施例提供的全向双频天线，通过将多个偶极子设置在柱面上，使天线具备较佳的全向性。同时，该全向双频天线利用每个偶极子包括两个振子单元的设计，使天线具备在两个频率上工作的能力。
本发明中通过以下参照附图对优选实施例的说明，本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点将更加明显。
附图说明
通过结合附图考虑以下对本发明的实施例的详细说明，本发明的各种目标、特征和优点将变得更加显而易见。附图仅为本发明的示范性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。在附图中，同样的附图标记始终表示相同或类似的部件。其中：
图1是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的主视图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的局部透视结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的一角度的立体示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的另一角度的立体示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的立体分解示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的馈电基板的俯视图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的馈电基板的仰视图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的对称变换器的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的反射片的结构示意图；
图10是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的回波损耗图；
图11是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线在2.4GHZ时的方向图；
图12是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线在5.8GHZ时的方向图；
图13是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线在2.4GHZ时的俯仰面轴比图；
图14是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线在5.8GHZ时的俯仰面轴比图；
图15是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线在2.4GHZ时的水平面轴比图；
图16是本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线在5.8GHZ时的水平面轴比图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1.馈电网络；
2.偶极子；
3.柱面；
4.基板；
6.馈线；
7.对称变换器；
8.反射片；
11.第一馈电网络；
12.第二馈电网络；
13.馈电基板；
21.第一振子单元；
22.第二振子单元；
111.第一馈电点；
121.第二馈电点；
221.第一振子；
222.第二振子；
2221.第一延伸部；
2221.第二延伸部。
具体实施方式
在对本发明的不同示例性实施例的下面描述中，参照附图进行，所述附图形成本发明的一部分，并且其中以示例方式显示了可实现本发明的多个方面的不同示例性结构、系统和步骤。应理解，可以使用部件、结构、示例性装置、系统和步骤的其他特定方案，并且可在不偏离本发明范围的情况下进行结构和功能性修改。而且，虽然本说明书中可使用术语“端”、“之间”等来描述本发明的不同示例性特征和元件，但是这些术语用于本文中仅出于方便，例如根据附图中所述的示例的方向。本说明书中的任何内容都不应理解为需要结构的特定三维方向才落入本发明的范围内。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施例作详细说明，在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
请同时参阅图1至图5，在本实施例中，本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线包括馈电网络1以及多个偶极子2，其中，所述偶极子的个数本领域技术人员可以根据设计需求选定，例如所述多个偶极子的个数可以为4、6、8、10、12、16等等，在此不作具体地限定。为了方便说明，以所述多个偶极子为4个偶极子来进行示意性说明。
进一步地，所述多个偶极子设置在柱面3上，其中，所述柱面3可以为圆柱面、棱柱面中的至少一种，进一步地，所述棱柱面可以为4棱柱面、5棱柱面、6棱柱面、7棱柱面、8棱柱面等等，在此不作具体的限定。为了方便说明，本发明实施例以所述柱面为圆柱面来进行示意性说明，其中本文后面涉及圆柱面的地方可以等同地被替换成柱面。
如图3至图5所示，所述天线还包括柱形的基板4，其中，所述多个偶极子2印刷在柱形基板4上的柱面上，此时，前述部分的柱面3即为基板的柱面，其中，所述柱形的基板4可以为圆柱形或者棱柱形，具体如前所述，在此不再赘述。需要说明的是，将所述多个偶极子2印刷在基板4上只是一种可行的实现方式。在某些实施例中，所述多个偶极子2可以由金属材料弯折而成，并不是直接印刷在基板4上。为了方便说明，本发明实施例以所述多个偶极子2印刷在基板4上来进行示意性说明。
进一步地，所述柱面3内可以收容载体，其中，所述载体可以为非金属材料，所述载体可用于对偶极子2、基板4、馈电网络1、用于与馈电网络1连接的馈线6中的一种或多种支撑或者固定。进一步地，当所述多个偶极子2印刷在基板4上时，所述载体5可以收容在基板4的内腔中。
下面将对设置在柱面上的偶极子的结构和分布进行详细地说明。
如图1至图5所示，四个偶极子2印刷在基板4的圆柱面上。其中，每个偶极子2均包括两个振子单元，分别为第一振子单元21和第二振子单元22。每个振子单元均包括第一振子221和第二振子222。进一步地，每个振子单元均包括一个第一振子221和两个第二振子222。其中，两个振子的设计使得本发明实施例提供的天线具备在两个频率工作的能力。其中，第一振子221和第二振子222的具体地结构如图2所示。
具体而言，每个第一振子221螺旋式地设置在所述柱面3上。具体而言，所述第一振子221从与馈电网络1的连接部螺旋式地向柱面3的端部延伸。进一步地，第一振子221的宽度从远离与馈电网络1的连接部的方向逐渐变大。
具体而言，每个第二振子222包括第一延伸部2221和第二延伸部2222。其中，第一延伸部2221从与馈电网络1的连接部螺旋式地向柱面3的端部延伸，优选地，所述第一延伸部2221从与馈电网络1的连接部沿垂直于第一振子221的方向螺旋式地向柱面3的端部延伸。第二延伸部2222从与第一延伸部2221之间的连接部螺旋式地向柱面3的端部延伸，优选地，所述第二延伸部2222从与第一延伸部2221之间的连接部沿垂直于第一延伸部2221的方向螺旋式向柱面3的端部延伸。
另外，对于同一个振子单元而言，两个第二振子222是中心线对称。在本实施例中，基于上述两个第二振子222相对于第一振子221的延伸方向的中心线对称的设计，每个振子单元大致呈一“山”字型的结构。在某些实施例中，振子单元亦可采用其他结构的设计，且两个第二振子亦可不相对于第一振子的延伸方向的中心线对称。
在本实施例中，属于同一振子单元的两个第二振子222的第一延伸部2221延伸的方向相反，属于同一振子单元的两个第二振子222的第二延伸部2222延伸的方向相同。在某些实施例中，属于同一振子单元的两个第二振子222的第二延伸部2222延伸的方向亦可相反，并不以本实施例为限。
每个偶极子的第一振子单元21和与其对应的第二振子单元22呈中心对称。即，对于同属一个偶极子的第一振子单元21和第二振子单元22而言，第一振子单元21中的第一振子延伸的方向与第二振子单元22中的第一振子221延伸的方向相反，第一振子单元21中的两个第二振子的第二延伸部延伸的方向与第二振子单元22中的两个第二振子222的第二延伸部2222延伸的方向相反。
在本实施例中，各偶极子2的第一振子单元21均设置在圆柱面的一侧，各偶极子2的第二振子单元22均设置在圆柱面的另外一侧。设置在柱面3一侧的各第一振子延伸的方向至少部分地相同，且设置在柱面3另一侧的各第一振子延伸的方向至少部分地相同。优选地，设置在柱面3同一侧的各第一振子延伸的方向相同。其中，所述的延伸的方向为第一振子远离与馈电网络1之间的连接部的方向。
设置在柱面3一侧的各第二振子的第一延伸部延伸的方向至少部分地相同，且设置在柱面3一侧的各第二振子的第二延伸部延伸的方向至少部分地相同。并且，设置在柱面3另一侧的各第二振子的第一延伸部延伸的方向至少部分地相同，且设置在柱面3另一侧的各第二振子的第二延伸部延伸的方向至少部分地相同。优选地，设置在柱面3同一侧的各第二振子的第一延伸部延伸的方向相同，且设置在柱面3同一侧的各第二振子的第二延伸部延伸的方向相同。
基于上述关于偶极子的各振子延伸的方向的设计，参见图2，对于第一振子221而言，电流的流向(电流相位会从0°变化到360°回到起点再周而复始)大致为，在0°到180°的半个周期内，电流先沿圆柱面底端的第一振子221向右上方流，再沿圆柱面顶端的第一振子221向右上方流。在180°到360°半个周期内，圆柱面顶端的第一振子221向左 下方流，再沿圆柱面底端的第一振子221向左下方流。据此，整个0°到360°的周期内电流类似于做逆时针方向的旋转，从而辐射出左旋圆极化的电磁波。
基于相同的原理，参见图2，对于第二振子222而言，整个0°到360°的周期内电流类似于做逆时针方向的旋转，从而辐射出左旋圆极化的电磁波。
由此可知，第一振子221和第二振子222延伸的方向决定了第一振子221和第二振子222所对应圆极化的是右旋还是左旋圆极化。参见附图1至图5，第一振子221为左旋圆极化，且第二振子222为左旋圆极化。基于相同的原理，在某些实施例中，如想实现其他圆极化功能，则可通过调整第一振子221和第二振子222的第二延伸部2222延伸的方向来实现。
在本实施例中，第一振子221的长度大于第二振子222的长度(即第一延伸部2221与第二延伸部2222的长度之和)。其中，第一振子221的长度等于第一振子221对应的第一谐振频率的四分之一波长，第二振子222的长度等于第二振子222对应的第二谐振频率的四分之一波长。由此可知，第一振子221辐射的电磁波的频率要低于第二振子222的电磁波频率。
如图1所示，馈电网络1设置在圆柱面内且分别连接于各第一振子单元21和各第二振子单元22。其中，馈电网络1主要包括馈电基板13、第一馈电网络11和第二馈电网络12。第一馈电网络11被印刷在馈电基板13的一侧，用于与各第一振子单元21连接，且第二馈电网络12被印刷在馈电基板13的另一侧，用于与各第二振子单元22连接。
具体而言，如图6和图7所示，第一馈电网络11和第二馈电网络12的结构大致相同。针对如图1至图5所示的具有4个偶极子的圆极化双频天线，每个馈电网络可以为具有四个连接端的十字结构。第一馈电网络11的每一个连接端分别与一个第一振子单元21连接，第二馈电网络12的每一个连接端分别与一个第二振子单元22连接。
另外，本实施例中第一馈电网络11和第二馈电网络12选用十字结构的设计，可将每个馈电网络的中心到与各连接端的距离相等，据此保证馈电网络对各第一振子单21元和各第二振子单元22的平衡馈电效果。在某些实施例中，针对不同的偶极子的个数和馈电需要，可以采用其他结构的馈电网络，并不以本实施例为限。
进一步地，馈电基板13的厚度可以优选为1mm～2mm。即，第一馈电网络11与第二馈电网络12之间的距离可以优选为1mm～2mm。
如图6和图7所示，第一馈电网络11还包括一个第一馈电点111，第二馈电枝节12 还包括一个第二馈电点121。其中，本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线可以通过馈电点与外部电路连接。在本实施例中，第一馈电点111可以与馈线6的内芯连接，第二馈电点121可以与馈线6的外芯连接，馈线6与外部电路连接。
进一步地，第一馈电点111向第一馈电网络11和第一振子单元21之间的连接部延伸的导线为蛇形线，且第二馈电点121向第二馈电网络12和第二振子单元22之间的连接部延伸的导线为蛇形线，选用蛇形线可以很好地匹配天线的双频设计。
如图2和图8所示，本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线还包括对称变换器7。其中，对称变换器7与第二馈电点121连接。具体而言，馈线6穿过对称变换器7形成的收容空间与第二馈电点121连接。同时，馈线6的外芯中除与第二馈电点121之间的连接部之外的部分均与对称变换器7保持绝缘状态。在实际使用过程中，天线必须留出馈线以便和外部设备连接，这样，馈线所带来的影响就不可以忽略，馈线与馈电网络连接时，会引起电流的不平衡，导致天线性能恶化，另外，馈线本身的金属物理特性也会导致天线性能恶化，通过仿真得到天线在高频段受到的影响较为严重，因此，设计对称变换器可以消除电流的不平衡，使天线的性能得到提升。
如图2和图9所示，本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线还包括反射片8。其中，反射片8设置在靠近第二馈电网络12的一侧。具体而言，馈线6穿过反射片8形成的收容空间与馈电网络1连接。具体地，当天线接入馈线6时，天线的方向图会表现出不对称的现象，表示稍许下压的状态，增加反射片可以使天线方向图朝下的部分得到部分上调，使天线的方向图更加对称，提升天线的性能。
进一步地，反射片8可以优选为圆形片状的结构。在某些实施例中，针对不同的馈电需要，可以采用其他结构的反射片，并不以本实施例为限。
下面将结合具体如图10-16所示的仿真结果和实验结果对本发明实施例提供的圆极化双频天线的特性进行说明。
图10中示出了圆极化双频天线的回波损耗图，如图10所示，在本实施例中，该圆极化双频天线在2.4GHz和5.8GHz处各产生一个谐振，且带宽大于100MHz。其中，第一谐振频率即为2.4GHz，第二谐振频率即为5.8GHz。
图11示出了圆极化双频天线在2.4GHz时左旋极化和右旋极化的方向图，可以看出在2.4GHz时该圆极化双频天线辐射的主要是左旋圆极化波，符合上述关于天线辐射原理的 分析，同时交叉极化大于15dB以上。图12示出了圆极化双频天线在5.8GHZ时左旋极化和右旋极化的方向图，可以看出在5.8GHz时该全向双频天线辐射的主要是左旋圆极化波，符合上述关于天线辐射原理的分析，同时交叉极化大于15dB以上。
如图13和图14所示，其分别示出了该圆极化双频天线在2.4GHz和5.8GHz时的俯仰面轴比。
如图15和图16所示，其分别示出了该圆极化双频天线在2.4GHz和5.8GHz时的水平面轴比。
针对图13-16，可以看出本发明实施例提出的圆极化双频天线在2.4GHz和5.8GHz时水平面均为全向圆极化，圆极化性能优异。
在此应注意，附图中示出而且在本说明书中描述的圆极化双频天线仅仅是能够采用本发明原理的许多种圆极化双频天线中的一个示例。应当清楚地理解，本发明的原理绝非仅限于附图中示出或本说明书中描述的圆极化双频天线的任何细节或圆极化双频天线的任何部件。
以上详细地描述和/或图示了本发明提出的圆极化双频天线的示例性实施例。但本发明的实施例不限于这里所描述的特定实施例，相反，每个实施例的组成部分和/或步骤可与这里所描述的其它组成部分和/或步骤独立和分开使用。一个实施例的每个组成部分和/或每个步骤也可与其它实施例的其它组成部分和/或步骤结合使用。在介绍这里所描述和/或图示的要素/组成部分/等时，用语“一个”、“一”和“上述”等用以表示存在一个或多个要素/组成部分/等。术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”用以表示开放式的包括在内的意思并且是指除了列出的要素/组成部分/等之外还可存在另外的要素/组成部分/等。此外，权利要求书及说明书中的术语“第一”和“第二”等仅作为标记使用，不是对其对象的数字限制。
虽然已根据不同的特定实施例对本发明提出的圆极化双频天线进行了描述，但本领域技术人员将会认识到可在权利要求的精神和范围内对本发明的实施进行改动。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种圆极化双频天线，包括多个偶极子、馈电网络，其特征在于，
    所述偶极子设置在柱面上，所述偶极子包括第一振子单元和第二振子单元，第一振子单元和第二振子单元包括第一振子和第二振子；
    其中，第一振子螺旋式地设置在所述柱面上；
    所述馈电网络与第一振子单元和第二振子单元连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一振子单元和第二振子单元包括第一振子和两个第二振子。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一振子从与馈电网络的连接部螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    第一振子的宽度从远离与馈电网络的连接部的方向逐渐变大。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第二振子包括第一延伸部和第二延伸部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一延伸部从与馈电网络的连接部螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一延伸部从与馈电网络的连接部且垂直于第一振子的方向螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第二延伸部从与第一延伸部之间的连接部螺旋式地向柱面的端部延伸。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第二延伸部从与第一延伸部之间的连接部沿垂直于第一延伸部的方向螺旋式向柱面的端部延伸。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一振子单元设置在柱面的一侧，所述第二振子单元设置在柱面的另外一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述设置在柱面一侧的第一振子延伸的方向相同；
    所述设置在柱面另一侧的第一振子延伸的方向相同；
    其中，所述延伸方向为第一振子远离与馈电网络之间的连接部的方向。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    第一振子单元与第二振子单元中心对称。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一振子的长度大于第二振子的长度。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述馈电网络设置在所述柱面形成的收容空间内。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述馈电网络包括第一馈电网络和第二馈电网络；
    所述第一馈电网络被印刷在馈电基板的一侧，用于与第一振子单元连接；
    所述第二馈电网络被印刷在馈电基板的另一侧，用于与第二振子单元连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述圆极化双频天线还包括馈线，
    第一馈电网络包括第一馈电点，用于连接馈线的内芯；
    第二馈电网络包括第二馈电点，用于连接馈线的外芯。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    第一馈电点向第一馈电网络和第一振子单元之间的连接部延伸的导线为蛇形线；
    第二馈电点向第二馈电网络和第二振子单元之间的连接部延伸的导线为蛇形线。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述圆极化双频天线还包括对称变换器，其中所述对称变换器与第二馈电点连接。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述馈线穿过对称变换器形成的收容空间与第二馈电点连接。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述馈线的外芯中除与第二馈电点之间的连接部之外的部分均与对称变换器保持绝缘状态。
  21. 根据权利要求16-20任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述圆极化双频天线还包括反射片，
    其中，所述反射片设置在靠近第二馈电网络的一侧。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述馈线穿过反射片形成的收容空间与馈电网络连接。
  23. 根据权利要求所述1-22任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，所述圆极化双频天线还包括柱形的基板；
    其中，所述多个所述偶极子印刷在基板的柱面上。
  24. 根据权利要求1-23任一项所述的圆极化双频天线，其特征在于，
    所述柱面为圆柱面、棱柱面中的至少一种。
PCT/CN2017/101115 2017-09-08 2017-09-08 圆极化双频天线 WO2019047179A1 (zh)

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