WO2019047176A1 - 一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法 - Google Patents

一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法 Download PDF

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WO2019047176A1
WO2019047176A1 PCT/CN2017/101111 CN2017101111W WO2019047176A1 WO 2019047176 A1 WO2019047176 A1 WO 2019047176A1 CN 2017101111 W CN2017101111 W CN 2017101111W WO 2019047176 A1 WO2019047176 A1 WO 2019047176A1
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polyester
cotton
fiber
solid
recycling
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PCT/CN2017/101111
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English (en)
French (fr)
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葛仪文
姚磊
廖骁
刘洋
卓嘉良
陈学聪
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香港纺织及成衣研发中心
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/101111 priority Critical patent/WO2019047176A1/zh
Publication of WO2019047176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047176A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
    • C08J11/08—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of textile resource regeneration, and particularly relates to a method for recycling waste polyester-cotton blended fabric.
  • the recovery methods of polyester-cotton blended fabrics are mainly mechanical and chemical methods.
  • the mechanical method obtains the mixed short fiber aggregate, and because the polyester has higher strength than the cotton fiber, the mechanically recovered cotton fiber is seriously damaged, and often has other kinds of fibers, and finally can only be used as a filling material or Engineering reinforcements.
  • Chemical method is an ideal method to separate polyester, cotton fiber and other fibers by different chemical treatment processes, which is convenient for high value-added reuse.
  • the solvents used in the chemical method are mostly highly toxic types, which are high in cost and harmful to the environment.
  • most of the existing methods are difficult to achieve complete separation of the recovered materials, which affects the purity of the recovery, thereby severely restricting the polyester. Recycling of cotton blended fabrics.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an efficient recycling method of waste polyester-cotton blended fabric.
  • the recycling method of the waste polyester-cotton blended fabric provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
  • step S3 the cotton fiber-containing insoluble matter obtained in step S1 is fiber-dissolved, and the cellulose-regenerated fiber is recovered;
  • ester solvent used in the step S1 has the structure of the formula (1):
  • R represents a linear or branched alkyl group of C1 to C5, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
  • the waste polyester-cotton blended fabric has a polyester content of 10% to 90% by weight.
  • the ester solvent used in the step S1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, isobutyl benzoate. a combination of one or more of dimethyl terephthalate and dimethyl isophthalate.
  • the weight ratio of the polyester to the ester solvent is from 1:10 to 1:90.
  • the reaction time of the dissolution reaction of the polyester is 5 to 60 minutes.
  • the volume ratio of the polyester solution to the fatty alcohol is 1:15 to 1:50, and after the fatty alcohol is added, the temperature is lowered to 45 to 65 ° C to precipitate a polyester solid.
  • the fatty alcohol is selected from the group consisting of one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol.
  • the step S2 further comprises the step of thickening the obtained polyester solid to reach the requirements of the spinning section.
  • the step S2 further comprises separately recovering and recycling the fatty alcohol and the ester solvent after filtering the polyester solid.
  • the step S3 comprises: adding a mixture of an antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide to the insoluble matter containing cotton fibers for fiber dissolution, followed by wet spinning The cellulose regenerated fiber is obtained and recovered.
  • the weight ratio of the cotton fiber-containing insoluble matter to the mixture is from 1:99 to 14:86.
  • the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of catechol, 1,2,3-benzenetriol, propyl gallate, a combination of one or more of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, gallic acid, gallic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl ester, the weight of the antioxidant being 0.5 by weight of the mixture % to 3%.
  • the hydrogen peroxide has a weight of 3% to 8% by weight of the mixture.
  • the fiber dissolution process comprises: swelling at 70 to 85 ° C for 10 to 30 minutes, and then heating to 90 to 100 ° C for 60 to 90 minutes.
  • the recycling method of the present invention can completely and completely separate polyester and cotton fibers, and the recovered polyester solid can further meet the requirements of spinning slicing, and the recovered cellulose recycled fiber can also be directly used for spinning.
  • the economic advantage is obvious.
  • the recycling method of the present invention avoids the use of highly toxic and irritating chemical reagents, and the reagents used can be recycled and recycled, further reducing the process cost and reducing the environmental hazard.
  • the recycling method provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness, wide applicability, and the like, and has the potential of industrial application.
  • 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for recovering waste polyester-cotton blended fabric according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides a recycling method of waste polyester-cotton blended fabric, comprising the following steps:
  • step S3 the cotton fiber-containing insoluble matter obtained in step S1 is fiber-dissolved, and the cellulose-regenerated fiber is recovered;
  • ester solvent used in the step S1 has the structure of the formula (1):
  • R represents a linear or branched alkyl group of C1 to C5, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
  • the recycling method of the waste polyester-cotton blended fabric of the present invention adopts a chemical method, firstly dissolving polyester by using an ester solvent, and completely separating the polyester fiber (dissolved in solution) and cotton fiber (insoluble matter) by solid-liquid separation. of The purpose is to carry out targeted recovery treatment on the obtained polyester solution and cotton fiber insoluble matter.
  • the ester solvent used in the recovery method of the present invention is a solvent of a benzoic acid-derived ester, which is small in toxicity, low in cost, and can be easily recycled and reused.
  • polyester solution is treated with a C1-C3 lower aliphatic alcohol to precipitate a polyester solid, which is filtered and repeated several times until the obtained polyester solid contains no ester solvent and can be recovered.
  • the insoluble matter containing cotton fibers can be treated by dissolving the fibers to obtain cellulose regenerated fibers.
  • steps S2 and S3 can be processed in different sequential orders according to actual conditions, and the order is not limited, and processing can also be performed at the same time.
  • the waste polyester-cotton blend fabric may be a waste polyester-cotton blend fabric of any proportion of polyester content.
  • the waste polyester-cotton blend fabric may have a polyester content of 10% to 90% by weight.
  • the waste polyester/cotton blend fabric may have a polyester content of 30%. % ⁇ 70%.
  • the other components of the waste polyester-cotton blend fabric are cotton fibers, and may also contain a small amount of fibers other than polyester and cotton fibers. These other types of fibers are finally separated from the system in the form of insolubles during the recovery process. come out.
  • the ester solvent used in the step S1 has the structure of the above formula (1), wherein R may represent a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a secondary group.
  • R may represent a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a secondary group.
  • Butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and the like may preferably be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group or an n-butyl group.
  • n may represent an integer of 1, 2 or 3, preferably an integer of 1 or 2, that is, one or two carboxylate groups on the benzene ring, and two or more when n represents an integer other than 1.
  • the substituent group can be located at any possible substitution position on the phenyl ring.
  • the ester solvent includes, but is not limited to, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, isobutyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, and the like may be used in any combination.
  • the amount of the polyester solvent may be from 1:10 to 1:90 by weight based on the weight of the polyester in the waste polyester-cotton blend fabric, or may be carried out by a person skilled in the art according to actual conditions. Adjustment.
  • the weight ratio of the polyester to the ester solvent may be from 1:20 to 1:50.
  • the dissolution reaction of the polyester in the step S1 is generally such that the polyester is completely dissolved, and the reaction time and temperature can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions.
  • the reaction time may be from 5 to 60 minutes, and in a preferred embodiment, the reaction time may be from 10 to 30 minutes.
  • the reaction temperature may be from 160 to 190 °C.
  • the C1-C3 fatty alcohol in the step S2 may be a common lower aliphatic alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol, and may be heated to boiling before being added.
  • the fatty alcohol may be methanol or ethanol.
  • the polyester solution and the lower fat such as methanol and ethanol
  • the volume ratio of the fatty alcohol may be from 1:15 to 1:50. In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of the polyester solution to the lower aliphatic alcohol may be from 1:20 to 1:40.
  • the polyester solution can be cooled to 45 to 65 ° C to precipitate a polyester solid.
  • the polyester solution can be cooled to 55 to 65 ° C to precipitate a polyester solid.
  • the processes of adding alcohol, precipitating solids, filtering, etc. in step S2 may be repeated according to actual conditions, including but not limited to more than one time.
  • the treatment was repeated until a pure polyester solid was obtained which contained no ester solvent.
  • the obtained polyester solid can also be processed by granulation, pre-crystallization, drying, solid phase thickening, etc., to increase the number average molecular weight of the polyester to 20,000. Above, to meet the requirements of spinning slicing.
  • the ester solvent used in the present invention has a boiling point much higher than that of the lower aliphatic alcohol, the ester solvent and the fatty alcohol can be recovered by a method conventionally known in the art such as temperature reduction, decrystallization, distillation, and rectification.
  • the remaining fatty alcohol solution is further cooled to 20-40 ° C to precipitate the ester solvent crystals. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature is lowered to 20-25.
  • the remaining fatty alcohol can be recycled by distillation or the like.
  • the ester solvent and the fatty alcohol may also be separately recovered by distillation or rectification.
  • step S3 may further include a process of adding a mixture of an antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide, and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide to the insoluble matter containing cotton fibers for fiber dissolution, The cellulose regenerated fiber is obtained by wet spinning and recovered.
  • the antioxidant includes, but is not limited to, catechol, 1,2,3-benzenetriol, propyl gallate, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, gallic acid And a gallic acid of A, B, C or isopropyl ester, etc., may also be any kind of combination, in a preferred embodiment, the weight of the antioxidant may be 0.5% to 3% by weight of the mixture, more preferably In one embodiment, the weight of the antioxidant may range from 1% to 2% by weight of the mixture.
  • the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the mixture may range from 3% to 8%. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen peroxide concentration may range from 5% to 7%. Hydrogen peroxide can play a certain role in bleaching and decolorization.
  • the weight ratio of the cotton fiber-containing insoluble matter to the mixture of 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide or the like may be 1:99 to 14:86, in a preferred embodiment Insoluble matter containing cotton fiber
  • the weight ratio of the mixture may be from 9:91 to 12:88.
  • the fiber dissolution can be carried out under heating conditions, for example, the following process: swelling at 70 to 85 ° C for 10 to 30 minutes, followed by heating to 90 to 100 ° C for 60 to 90 minutes, in a preferred
  • the fiber dissolution may also be a process of swelling for 20 to 25 minutes before 75 to 85 ° C, and then heating to 90 to 95 ° C for 60 to 75 minutes. After the fiber is dissolved, solid impurities such as other insoluble fibers in the obtained solution are filtered off, and the remaining fiber solution can be recovered by a usual recovery method such as wet spinning.
  • the operation of the separation step of solid-liquid separation, filtration or the like may be carried out by operations conventional in the art including, but not limited to, suction filtration, (high speed) centrifugation, precipitation, or a combination thereof.
  • the methanol solution collected above was further cooled to 25 ° C, and the precipitated dimethyl terephthalate solid was collected by a high-speed centrifuge, and the remaining methanol solution was re-used after being purified by distillation.
  • the insoluble matter such as cotton fiber taken out was added to 230 ml of a 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide mixture, which also contained 2% of propyl gallate and 6% of hydrogen peroxide, and first swelled at 80 ° C for 20 min. Further, the temperature was raised to 95 ° C for 60 minutes to dissolve the cellulose, and the impurities such as insoluble other fibers were filtered off, and the cellulose-free regenerated fiber was obtained by wet spinning.
  • the obtained polyester solid and cellulose regenerated fiber were separately washed and dried in a blower oven at 80 ° C for 6 hours, and the weight of the polyester solid was 90%, and the recovery rate of the cellulose recycled fiber was 94%.
  • the ethanol solution collected above was subjected to distillation and purification, and the obtained distillate was ethanol, and the residue was propyl benzoate.
  • the insoluble matter such as cotton fiber taken out is added to a mixture of 220 ml of 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, which contains 1% propyl gallate and 7% hydrogen peroxide, and is first swollen at 75 ° C for 15 min. The temperature was further raised to 90 ° C for 70 min to dissolve the cellulose, and the insoluble other types of fibers were filtered off, and the nearly colorless cellulose regenerated fibers were obtained by wet spinning.
  • polyester solid and cellulose regenerated fiber were separately washed and dried in a blast oven at 80 ° C for 6 hours, and then weighed to obtain a polyester solid recovery of 92% and a cellulose recycled fiber recovery rate of 93%.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法，将废旧涤棉混纺织物浸入式(1)结构的酯类溶剂中，加热进行涤纶的溶解反应，然后将所得的混合物固液分离得到涤纶溶液和含有棉纤维的不溶物；然后分别对涤纶溶液和含有棉纤维的不溶物进行回收得到涤纶固体以及纤维素再生纤维。本发明的回收方法可完全、彻底地分离涤纶与棉纤维，避免了使用毒性大、刺激性大的化学试剂，所使用的试剂还可回收循环利用。本发明提供的回收方法具有高效率、低成本、环境友好、适用范围广等优点，具有工业化应用的潜力。

Description

一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法 技术领域
本发明属于纺织资源再生领域，具体涉及一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法。
背景技术
中国每年产生的纺织废料重量达到2,600万吨(中国资源利用协会，2013年)，仅香港在2012年约有106,945吨纺织品送往了堆填区(香港环保署，2013)。据PCI Wood Mackenzie报道，2015年的消费纺织材料中，涤纶占有55％，位居第一，其次是棉花，占有27％。也就是说，涤和棉共占消费纺织材料的82％。预估到2020年，全球对这两种纤维的需求量将为9000万吨(Global Fiber Overview，2014)。另一方面，从能源消耗上来看，每年用于生产纤维制品的天然资源大约有13,200万吨煤炭和6-9万亿升水(纺织世界，2008年11/12月刊)。具体到涤纶上，据中石化报道，生产一吨涤纶需要0.85-0.86吨的对苯二甲酸(PTA)和0.33-0.34吨的乙二醇(EG)，而生产一顿PTA的二氧化碳排放为4.2吨。对于棉来说，培育1吨原棉，需要8,000-18,000平方公里的农田、8.3-13.8公斤农药、5700立方米的水和36-55GJ的能源(Waste:A handbook for management.2011)。从以上数据不难看出，回收废旧涤棉纺织物、尤其是衣物有着很大的市场潜力、经济效益和环保意义。
涤棉混纺织物的回收方法主要有机械法和化学法。机械法得到的是混合的短纤维集合体，而且由于涤纶比棉纤维的强度大，所以经过机械回收后的棉纤维损伤严重，还往往带有其他种类的纤维，最终只能用作填充材料或工程增强材料。化学法是较为理想的方法，可以通过不同的化学处理工艺将涤纶、棉纤维以及其它纤维分离，便于高附加值的再利用。现有的研究中，化学法使用的溶剂多为毒性较高的种类，成本高且危害环境，此外，现有的方法大多难以实现回收物的彻底分离，影响回收纯度，由此严重制约了涤棉混纺织物的回收再利用。
发明内容
为克服现有废旧涤棉混纺织物回收技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种高效的废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法。
本发明提供的废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将废旧涤棉混纺织物浸入酯类溶剂中，在150～210℃的温度下加热进行涤纶的 溶解反应，然后将所得的混合物固液分离，得到涤纶溶液和含有棉纤维的不溶物；
S2：向步骤S1得到的涤纶溶液中加入C1～C3的脂肪醇以析出涤纶固体，过滤所述涤纶固体，重复所述操作直至所得的涤纶固体不含所述酯类溶剂后回收；以及
S3：将步骤S1得到的含有棉纤维的不溶物进行纤维溶解，并回收得到纤维素再生纤维；
其中，所述步骤S1中使用的酯类溶剂具有式(1)结构：
Figure PCTCN2017101111-appb-000001
式(1)中，R表示C1～C5的直链或支链烷基，n表示1～3的整数。
本发明的回收方法中，所述废旧涤棉混纺织物的含涤量按重量比为10％～90％。
本发明的回收方法中，所述步骤S1中使用的酯类溶剂选自苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、苯甲酸丁酯、苯甲酸异丁酯、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明的回收方法中，所述废旧涤棉混纺织物中，涤纶的重量与所述酯类溶剂的重量比为1﹕10～1﹕90。
本发明的回收方法中，所述步骤S1中，涤纶的溶解反应的反应时间为5～60分钟。
本发明的回收方法中，所述步骤S2中，所述涤纶溶液与脂肪醇的体积比为1﹕15～1﹕50，加入所述脂肪醇后，降温至45～65℃以析出涤纶固体。
本发明的回收方法中，所述脂肪醇选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明的回收方法中，所述步骤S2还包括将所得的涤纶固体进行增粘至达到纺丝切片的要求。
本发明的回收方法中，所述步骤S2还包括过滤出所述涤纶固体之后分别回收并再利用所述脂肪醇和所述酯类溶剂。
本发明的回收方法中，所述步骤S3包括：向含有棉纤维的不溶物中加入抗氧化剂、双氧水以及4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物的混合物进行纤维溶解，再经过湿法纺丝制得纤维素再生纤维后回收。
本发明的回收方法中，所述含有棉纤维的不溶物与所述混合物的重量比为1﹕99～14﹕86。
本发明的回收方法中，所述抗氧化剂选自邻苯二酚、1，2，3-苯三酚、没食子酸丙酯、 2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、五倍子酸、五倍子酸的甲、乙、丙或异丙酯中的一种或多种的组合，所述抗氧化剂的重量为所述混合物重量的0.5％～3％。
本发明的回收方法中，所述双氧水的重量为所述混合物重量的3％～8％。
本发明的回收方法中，所述纤维溶解过程包括：先于70～85℃下溶胀10～30min，之后升温至90～100℃溶解60～90min。
本发明的废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法具有以下优点：
(1)本发明的回收方法可完全、彻底地分离涤纶与棉纤维，回收所得的涤纶固体可进一步达到纺丝切片的要求，而回收所得的纤维素再生纤维也可直接用于纺纱制造，经济优势明显。
(2)本发明的回收方法避免了使用毒性大、刺激性大的化学试剂，而且所使用的试剂还可回收循环利用，进一步降低了工艺成本，减轻了对环境的危害。
总之，本发明提供的回收方法具有高效率、低成本、环境友好、适用性广等优点，具有工业化应用的潜力。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的废旧涤棉混纺织物回收方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将废旧涤棉混纺织物浸入酯类溶剂中，在150～210℃的温度下加热进行涤纶的溶解反应，然后将所得的混合物固液分离，得到涤纶溶液和含有棉纤维的不溶物；
S2：向步骤S1得到的涤纶溶液中加入C1～C3的脂肪醇以析出涤纶固体，过滤涤纶固体，重复该操作直至所得的涤纶固体不含酯类溶剂后回收；以及
S3：将步骤S1得到的含有棉纤维的不溶物进行纤维溶解，并回收得到纤维素再生纤维；
其中，步骤S1中使用的酯类溶剂具有式(1)结构：
Figure PCTCN2017101111-appb-000002
式(1)中，R表示C1～C5的直链或支链烷基，n表示1～3的整数。
参照图1，本发明的废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法采用化学法，首先使用酯类溶剂将涤纶进行溶解，通过固液分离达到彻底分离涤纶纤维(溶于溶液)和棉纤维(不溶物)的 目的，然后再对所得的涤纶溶液和棉纤维不溶物进行针对性回收处理。本发明的回收方法使用的酯类溶剂为苯甲酸衍生酯的溶剂，毒性小，成本低，且可方便地回收再利用。
进一步地，涤纶溶液使用C1～C3的低级脂肪醇处理，使得涤纶固体析出，将其过滤，重复数次直至所得的涤纶固体不含酯类溶剂从而可进行回收。含有棉纤维的不溶物可通过纤维溶解的处理从而得到纤维素再生纤维。在实际应用中，步骤S2、S3可根据实际情况按不同的先后顺序进行处理，顺序不限，也可同时进行处理。
在本发明的回收方法中，废旧涤棉混纺织物可以为任意比例涤纶含量的废旧涤棉混纺织物。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，废旧涤棉混纺织物的含涤量按重量比可以为10％～90％，在一个优选的实施方式中，废旧涤棉混纺织物的含涤量可以为30％～70％。除涤纶外，废旧涤棉混纺织物的其他成分为棉纤维，也可以包含少量涤纶、棉纤维之外的其他种类纤维，这些其他种类的纤维在回收过程中最终以不溶物的形式从体系中分离出来。
在本发明的回收方法中，步骤S1使用的酯类溶剂具有上述式(1)结构，其中，R可表示甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基等，优选可以为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基。n可表示1、2或3的整数，优选为1或2的整数，即苯环上具有一或两个羧酸酯基团，当n表示不为1的整数时，两个或两个以上的取代基团可以位于苯环上任意可能的取代位置。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，酯类溶剂包括但不限于苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、苯甲酸丁酯、苯甲酸异丁酯、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯等，也可为任意种类的组合。
在本发明的回收方法中，按照废旧涤棉混纺织物中涤纶的重量计算，其与酯类溶剂的用量可以为1﹕10～1﹕90的重量比，也可根据实际情况由本领域技术人员进行调节。在根据本发明的一个优选实施方式中，涤纶与酯类溶剂的重量比可以为1﹕20～1﹕50。
在本发明的回收方法中，步骤S1中的涤纶的溶解反应一般应使涤纶溶解完全，可由本领域技术人员根据实际情况调节反应时间和温度。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，反应时间可以为5～60分钟，在一个优选的实施方式中，反应时间可以为10～30分钟。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，反应温度可以为160～190℃。
在本发明的回收方法中，步骤S2中的C1～C3脂肪醇可以为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇等常见的低级脂肪醇，加入前可加热至沸腾。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，脂肪醇可以为甲醇或乙醇。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，涤纶溶液与甲醇、乙醇等低级脂 肪醇的体积比可以为1﹕15～1﹕50，在一个优选的实施方式中，涤纶溶液与低级脂肪醇的体积比可以为1﹕20～1﹕40。加入甲醇、乙醇等低级脂肪醇之后，可将涤纶溶液降温至45～65℃以析出涤纶固体，在一个优选的实施方式中，可将涤纶溶液降温至55～65℃以析出涤纶固体。
在本发明的回收方法中，步骤S2的加醇、析出固体、过滤等工艺可根据实际情况进行重复，包括但不限于一次以上。通过重复处理，直至得到纯净的涤纶固体，其中不含有酯类溶剂。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，为达到更高的回收要求，对于得到的涤纶固体还可通过造粒、预结晶、干燥、固相增粘等处理，以提高涤纶的数均分子量达20000以上，从而达到纺丝切片的要求。
在本发明的回收方法中，如图1所示，收集处理涤纶固体之后的低级脂肪醇，还可分别对于其中所含的酯类溶剂以及脂肪醇本身进行回收或提纯以循环利用。由于本发明使用的酯类溶剂沸点远高于低级脂肪醇，因此可通过降温析晶、蒸馏、精馏等本领域常见方式回收酯类溶剂和脂肪醇。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，分离出涤纶固体后，再将剩余的脂肪醇溶液继续降温至20～40℃以析出酯类溶剂晶体，在一个优选的实施方式中，降温至20～25℃以析出酯类溶剂晶体，回收酯类溶剂晶体后，剩余的脂肪醇通过蒸馏等方式提纯后可循环利用。在根据本发明的另一个实施方式中，也可采用蒸馏或精馏方式分别回收酯类溶剂以及脂肪醇。
在本发明的回收方法中，含有棉纤维的不溶物可通过现有的方法或试剂回收再生纤维，由于棉纤维不溶物与涤纶纤维得到了全面、彻底地分离，因此即使采用现有方法也可以达到回收高纯度棉纤维的目的。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，步骤S3可进一步包括以下处理过程：向含有棉纤维的不溶物中加入抗氧化剂、双氧水以及4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物的混合物进行纤维溶解，再经过湿法纺丝制得纤维素再生纤维后回收。
在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，抗氧化剂包括但不限于邻苯二酚、1，2，3-苯三酚、没食子酸丙酯、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、五倍子酸、五倍子酸的甲、乙、丙或异丙酯等，也可为任意种类的组合，在一个优选的实施方式中，抗氧化剂的重量可以为混合物重量的0.5％～3％，在一个更优选的实施方式中，抗氧化剂的重量可以为混合物重量的1％～2％。
在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，混合物中的双氧水浓度可以为3％～8％，在一个优选的实施方式中，双氧水浓度可以为5％～7％。双氧水可起到一定的漂白、脱色作用。
在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，含有棉纤维的不溶物与4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物等混合物的重量比可以为1﹕99～14﹕86，在一个优选的实施方式中，含有棉纤维的不溶物与 混合物的重量比可以为9﹕91～12﹕88。在根据本发明的一个实施方式中，纤维溶解可以在加热条件下进行，例如以下过程：先于70～85℃下溶胀10～30min，之后升温至90～100℃溶解60～90min，在一个优选的实施方式中，纤维溶解还可以为以下过程：先于75～85℃下溶胀20～25min，之后升温至90～95℃溶解60～75min。纤维溶解后，将所得溶液中的其他不溶纤维等固体杂质过滤掉，剩余的纤维溶液可选用常见的回收方法如湿法纺丝等方法回收纤维素再生纤维。
在本发明的回收方法中，固液分离、过滤等分离步骤的操作可选用本领域常见的操作，包括但不限于抽滤法、(高速)离心法、沉淀法、或它们的组合。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将进一步描述本发明的示例性实施例的技术方案。
以下实施例所使用的化学试剂如无特别说明则为市售商品且为分析纯，以下实施例所使用的操作或仪器如无特别说明则为本领域常见的操作或仪器。以下实施例中所述的比例、比值、含量等如无特别说明则为重量比。
实施例1
将涤/棉混纺比例为50/50的废旧蓝色牛仔织物2g，浸入装有25g对苯二甲酸二甲酯的烧瓶中，于170℃的温度下加热25min。待涤纶完全溶解后，将棉纤维等不溶物过滤取出，并将所得的涤纶溶液投入到热的1L甲醇中，温度降至50℃，由抽滤法收集析出的涤纶固体，之后将该涤纶固体再投入到新鲜的甲醇中，重复上述过程若干次，使得到的涤纶固体不再含对苯二甲酸二甲酯溶剂，并使用增粘机使其分子量达到纺丝级涤纶切片的要求。
将上述所收集的甲醇溶液继续降温到25℃，利用高速离心机收集析出的对苯二甲酸二甲酯固体，而剩余的甲醇溶液经过蒸馏提纯后可重复使用。
取出的棉纤维等不溶物则加入到230ml的4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物混合物中，其中还含有2％的没食子酸丙酯和6％的双氧水，并先在80℃时溶胀20min，再升温到95℃溶解60min，使纤维素充分溶解后过滤掉不溶的其他纤维等杂质，并经湿法纺丝制得接近无色的纤维素再生纤维。
分别将得到的涤纶固体和纤维素再生纤维进行清洗并在80℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥6h后称重，涤纶固体的回收率为90％，纤维素再生纤维的回收率为94％。
实施例2
将涤/棉混纺比例为65/35的废旧混纺织物2g，浸入装有60g苯甲酸丙酯的烧瓶中， 于180℃的温度下加热15min。待涤纶完全溶解后，将棉纤维等不溶物取出，并将所得的涤纶溶液投入到热的1.2L乙醇中，温度降至55℃，由抽滤法收集析出的涤纶固体，之后将该涤纶固体再投入到新鲜的乙醇中，重复上述过程若干次，直至得到的涤纶固体不再含苯甲酸丙酯溶剂，并使用增粘机使其分子量达到纺丝级涤纶切片的要求。
将上述所收集的乙醇溶液进行蒸馏提纯，得到的蒸馏物为乙醇，剩余物为苯甲酸丙酯。
取出的棉纤维等不溶物则加入到220ml的4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物的混和物中，其中含有1％五倍子酸丙酯和7％双氧水，并先在75℃时溶胀15min，再升温到90℃溶解70min，使纤维素充分溶解后过滤掉不溶的其他类型纤维，并经湿法纺丝制得接近无色的纤维素再生纤维。
分别将得到的涤纶固体和纤维素再生纤维进行清洗并在80℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥6h后称重，得到的涤纶固体的回收率为92％，纤维素再生纤维的回收率为93％。
虽然为了说明本发明，已经公开了本发明的优选实施方案，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，在不脱离权利要求书所限定的本发明构思和范围的情况下，可以对本发明做出各种修改、添加和替换。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：将废旧涤棉混纺织物浸入酯类溶剂中，在150～210℃的温度下加热进行涤纶的溶解反应，然后将所得的混合物固液分离，得到涤纶溶液和含有棉纤维的不溶物；
    S2：向步骤S1得到的涤纶溶液中加入C1～C3的脂肪醇以析出涤纶固体，过滤所述涤纶固体，重复所述操作直至所得的涤纶固体不含所述酯类溶剂后回收；以及
    S3：将步骤S1得到的含有棉纤维的不溶物进行纤维溶解，并回收得到纤维素再生纤维；
    其中，所述步骤S1中使用的酯类溶剂具有式(1)结构：
    Figure PCTCN2017101111-appb-100001
    式(1)中，R表示C1～C5的直链或支链烷基，n表示1～3的整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述废旧涤棉混纺织物的含涤量按重量比为10％～90％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中使用的酯类溶剂选自苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、苯甲酸丁酯、苯甲酸异丁酯、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯中的一种或多种的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述废旧涤棉混纺织物中，涤纶的重量与所述酯类溶剂的重量比为1﹕10～1﹕90。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，涤纶的溶解反应的反应时间为5～60分钟。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，所述涤纶溶液与脂肪醇的体积比为1﹕15～1﹕50，加入所述脂肪醇后，降温至45～65℃以析出涤纶固体。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述脂肪醇选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇中的一种或多种的组合。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2还包括将所得的涤纶固体进行增粘至达到纺丝切片的要求。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2还包括过滤出所述涤纶固体之后分别回收并再利用所述脂肪醇和所述酯类溶剂。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3包括：向含有棉纤维的不溶物中加入抗氧化剂、双氧水以及4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物的混合物进行纤维溶解，再经过湿法纺丝制得纤维素再生纤维后回收。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述含有棉纤维的不溶物与所述混合物的重量比为1﹕99～14﹕86。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述抗氧化剂选自邻苯二酚、1，2，3-苯三酚、没食子酸丙酯、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、五倍子酸、五倍子酸的甲、乙、丙或异丙酯中的一种或多种的组合，所述抗氧化剂的重量为所述混合物重量的0.5％～3％。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述双氧水的重量为所述混合物重量的3％～8％。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的回收方法，其特征在于，所述纤维溶解过程包括：先于70～85℃下溶胀10～30min，之后升温至90～100℃溶解60～90min。
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CN103374144A (zh) * 2012-04-13 2013-10-30 傅吾录 从含聚酯的废纺织品或类似废料中提取聚酯材料的方法
CN103304839A (zh) * 2013-06-17 2013-09-18 江苏神泰科技发展有限公司 一种废旧涤棉混纺织物的回收利用方法
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CN112358642B (zh) * 2020-10-12 2022-11-04 武汉纺织大学 一种采用废旧纺织品制备纤维素/聚酯纤维复合气凝胶的方法
CN112608513A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-04-06 湖北金环绿色纤维有限公司 废旧涤棉混纺织物制备纤维素溶解浆的方法及制品
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