WO2019045519A1 - 물리증착용 타겟 및 이를 이용한 나노 복합 코팅막 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
물리증착용 타겟 및 이를 이용한 나노 복합 코팅막 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019045519A1 WO2019045519A1 PCT/KR2018/010147 KR2018010147W WO2019045519A1 WO 2019045519 A1 WO2019045519 A1 WO 2019045519A1 KR 2018010147 W KR2018010147 W KR 2018010147W WO 2019045519 A1 WO2019045519 A1 WO 2019045519A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C16/00—Alloys based on zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a physical vapor deposition alloy target made of a multicomponent metal and having excellent low friction characteristics, a nanocomposite coating film using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a technique of forming a thin film having low friction characteristics on the surface of the base material can be applied. For example, energy consumption may occur due to friction between various parts generated during driving of an automobile engine. When the friction between these driving parts is reduced, the consumption of the automobile fuel is reduced, and the fuel efficiency can be improved. Since the thin film having such a low friction property must withstand a severe friction environment, it is required to have a hardness not less than a certain level of hardness, adhesion to the base material, and high resistance to an oxidizing atmosphere.
- a nitride having a high hardness a ceramic material based on a carbide, a diamond like carbon (DLC), or the like can be used and applied by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, plasma spray coating, .
- the conventional ceramic-based thin films exhibit high hardness of about 2000 Hv or more, but they exhibit a high elastic modulus difference with metal materials such as steel, aluminum, and magnesium used as a base material, which may be disadvantageous in terms of durability.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a physical vapor deposition alloy target capable of coating a low-friction thin film and a high hardness thin film using an alloy excellent in thermal and mechanical stability, And a method of manufacturing the same.
- these problems are exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
- the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for a physical vapor deposition target is a Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for a physical vapor deposition target for forming a low-friction coating film, and has a Zr of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- the physical vapor deposition target is a physical vapor deposition target made of a Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for forming a low-friction coating film, and has a Zr of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy may be a cast alloy realized by casting a molten metal.
- the alloy may be a sintered alloy produced by sintering using powder metallurgy.
- the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy contains Zr in an amount of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si; a plurality of amorphous alloys or nanocrystalline alloys comprising: The first shrinkage of the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy by pressing the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy while maintaining the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy at a temperature not higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy at the crystallization start temperature (Tx) ; And secondarily shrinking the plurality of amorphous alloys or nanocrystalline alloys by pressurizing the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy while maintaining the temperature within a range of 0.7 to 0.9 times the melting temperature (Tm) of the amorphous alloy or nano-crystalline alloy for a predetermined period of time;
- the present invention may be a crystalline alloy, which is implemented by
- a method for producing a nanocomposite coating film according to another aspect of the present invention is provided.
- the method for producing a nanocomposite coating film according to the present invention is characterized in that an inert gas is introduced into a physical vapor deposition apparatus and a reaction gas containing a nitrogen gas (N 2 ) or a nitrogen element (N) is introduced to form a Zr-Cu- Forming a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen by physical vapor deposition of a target, wherein the composition of the alloy target is 82 atom% to 90 atom% of Zr; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- the method of fabricating the nanocomposite coating film includes: forming the nanocomposite coating film; The method may further include forming a Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer layer by physically depositing a Zr-Cu-Si alloy target by injecting an inert gas into the physical vapor deposition apparatus.
- the method of fabricating the nanocomposite coating film may include forming the Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer layer; An inert gas is introduced into the ion gun plasma source in the physical vapor deposition apparatus, and the inert gas is ionized by applying power to the ion gun to discharge the ion beam to activate the surface of the object on which the Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer layer is formed And a preprocessing step.
- the step of forming the film or the pre-treatment step may proceed in a plasma atmosphere.
- the composition of the nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film excluding the nitrogen is preferably 80 atom% to 92 atom% of Zr; 2 atom% to 10 atom% Cu; And 5 atom% to 15 atom% of Si.
- the present invention provides a nanocomposite coating film according to another aspect of the present invention.
- the composition of the component other than nitrogen in the nanocomposite coating film is 80 atom% to 92 atom% of Zr; 2 atom% to 10 atom% Cu; And 5 atom% to 15 atom% of Si.
- the nanocomposite coating film may have a ZrN or Zr 2 N-based crystal structure.
- the nanocomposite coating film has a tribo-reaction film formed on at least a part of the surface thereof when the tribo-reaction coating film is rubbed in contact with the counter material, and the composition of Cu in the tribo-reaction film- May be higher.
- composition of S and P in the region where the tribo-reaction film is formed may be higher than that in the region where the tribo-reaction film is not formed.
- the nanocomposite coating film may have a hardness of 10 GPa to 45 GPa and an elastic modulus of 150 GPa to 450 GPa. Strictly speaking, the nanocomposite coating film may have a coefficient of friction of 0.008 to 0.024 while having a hardness of 23 GPa to 44 GPa and an elasticity of 265 GPa to 421 GPa.
- FIG. 1 is a ternary phase diagram of a Zr-Cu-Si alloy which is an alloy constituting a physical vapor deposition alloy target according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 shows the results of observation of the microstructure of the target specimen corresponding to the composition of Example 4 by SEM and BSE. Fig.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of SEM observation of the state of powders after mechanical alloying by introducing Zr, Cu and Si powders into a ball-mill to prepare a target specimen having a composition according to Example 5.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of SEM observation of the state of powders after mechanical alloying by introducing Zr, Cu and Si powders into a ball-mill to prepare a target specimen having a composition according to Example 5.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the particle size of a powder that has undergone mechanical alloying by using a particle size analyzer (PSA).
- PSD particle size analyzer
- FIG. 6 shows the results of SEM and BSE observation of the microstructure of a specimen sintered by spark plasma sintering using powder subjected to mechanical alloying.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing physical vapor deposition process conditions and XRD analysis conditions and results for forming the coating film of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a TEM observation of the microstructure of the coating film according to Example 5, and FIG. 10 (b) is a result of SEAD (selective area diffraction) analysis.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing conditions and results of a reciprocating friction test for a coating film according to some embodiments of the present invention and a comparative example.
- 13A and 13B are friction coefficient mapping diagrams using an AFM optical microscope and LFM of a tappet having a coating film formed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are AFM optical microscope photographs and friction coefficient mapping diagrams of a tappet having a coating film according to a comparative example of the present invention, using LFM.
- 15 is an SEM image of an AES analysis result of a tappet having a coating film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 16 is an SEM image for AES analysis of a tappet having a coating film according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows the result of TEM observation of the cross-section of the tribo-reaction layer according to the example.
- " consist of " an element having a predetermined content range means that an element other than the specific elements except for unavoidable inevitable impurities has a significant content range, Of the population.
- a Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for a physical vapor deposition target is a Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for a physical vapor deposition target for forming a low-friction coating film, and has a Zr of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- Physical vapor deposition refers to a technique of coating a surface of a base material by vaporizing or sputtering a target of a solid phase deposition by sputtering, evaporation, arc vapor deposition arc deposition, ion beam deposition, and the like.
- the physical vapor deposition target is a physical vapor deposition target made of a Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for forming a low-friction coating film, and has a Zr of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- FIG. 1 is a ternary phase diagram of a Zr-Cu-Si alloy which is an alloy constituting a physical vapor deposition alloy target according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Table 1 below shows a physical vapor deposition alloy target according to embodiments of the present invention. The composition of the constituent alloy is shown.
- an alloy for a physical vapor deposition target is composed of three kinds of metal elements, specifically copper (Cu) in 4.0 atom% to 14.0 atom%, silicon (Si ) Of 4.0 atom% to 8.0 atom% and the balance zirconium (Zr). That is, the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy for the physical vapor deposition target has a Zr content of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- Cu copper
- Si silicon
- Zr zirconium
- the physical vapor deposition material film realized by using the physical vapor deposition target made of such an alloy can realize a high hardness of 23 GPa or more and a high elasticity of 265 GPa or more A friction coefficient lower than 0.024 can be realized.
- the composition of Zr is lower than 82 atomic%, for example, the oxidation resistance of the alloy becomes relatively low, and when the composition of Cu exceeds 16 atomic%, the composition of Cu becomes 14 atomic% , The friction coefficient of the physical vapor deposition alloy film becomes remarkably high.
- the composition of Si is more than 26 at%, more strictly, when the composition of Si exceeds 8 at% And there is a problem that hardness and elasticity of the physical vapor deposition alloy film are lowered.
- the alloy target according to Example 1 has a chemical composition (atomic%) of Zr 82 Cu 13.5 Si 4.5
- the alloy target according to Example 2 has a chemical composition (atomic%) of Zr 84.1 Cu 10.4 Si 5.5
- the alloy target according to Example 3 had a chemical composition (atomic%) of Zr 86.3 Cu 7.2 Si 6.5
- the alloy target according to Example 4 had a chemical composition (atomic%) of Zr 88.4 Cu 4.1 Si 7.5
- the alloy target according to Example 5 has a chemical composition (atomic%) of Zr 89.6 Cu 3.3 Si 7.1 .
- the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy constituting the physical vapor deposition target may be a cast alloy realized by casting a molten metal.
- the alloy may be produced by casting a molten metal produced by the plasma arc melting method, and then cutting the ingot to produce a target.
- Table 2 shows plasma arc melting conditions used in this embodiment.
- the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy constituting the physical vapor deposition target may be a small-sized gold alloy produced by a powder metallurgy method.
- Zr, Cu, and Si powders may be mechanically alloyed using a ball-mill or the like, followed by sintering the mechanically alloyed powders.
- the sintering may include, for example, hot sintering, spark plasma sintering, hot pressing, hot isostatic press sintering, and the like. Table 3 illustrates the process conditions for hot press and sputter plasma sintering.
- the Zr-Cu-Si-based alloy constituting the physical vapor deposition target has a Zr content of 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si; a plurality of amorphous alloys or nanocrystalline alloys comprising: The first shrinkage of the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy by pressing the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy while maintaining the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy at a temperature not higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy at the crystallization start temperature (Tx) ; And secondarily shrinking the plurality of amorphous alloys or nanocrystalline alloys by pressurizing the amorphous alloy or the nanocrystalline alloy while maintaining the temperature within a range of 0.7 to 0.9 times the melting temperature (Tm) of the amorphous alloy or nano-crystalline alloy for a predetermined period of time;
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tx crystallization
- the nanocomposite coating film according to another aspect of the present invention can be produced by injecting inert gas into a physical vapor deposition apparatus and introducing a reaction gas containing nitrogen gas (N 2 ) or nitrogen element (N) -Si-based alloy target by physical vapor deposition.
- the nanocomposite coating film is a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen, and can be understood as a nano-structured film containing nitrogen, a nano-nitride film, or a nano-structured composite film.
- the physical vapor deposition process may be a sputtering process.
- Table 4 shows the coating process conditions by the sputtering method used in this embodiment.
- Reactive sputtering is performed while introducing a gas containing nitrogen gas (N 2 ) or nitrogen (N), for example, ammonia (NH 3 ), into the sputtering chamber as a reactive gas in the physical vapor deposition process .
- a gas containing nitrogen gas (N 2 ) or nitrogen (N), for example, ammonia (NH 3 ) into the sputtering chamber as a reactive gas in the physical vapor deposition process
- High zirconium (Zr) reactive with nitrogen in the alloy can react with nitrogen to form zirconium nitride (ZrN).
- Other elements may be solubilized in the zirconium nitride or may be present in the metal phase.
- the thin film has a structure in which a nitride phase of a metal or one or more metal phases are mixed with each other, and the nitride phase of the metal may include, for example, zirconium as a constituent element of the nitride.
- the nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film shows a crystal structure of zirconium nitride, and other metal elements can be dissolved in zirconium nitride in the form of nitride.
- the zirconium nitride may contain any one or more of Zr or ZrN 2 N in accordance with the conditions of the reactive gas containing nitrogen during physical vapor deposition.
- the nitride phase of the metal has a nanocrystalline structure consisting of crystal grains of several to several tens of nanometers in size.
- the metal phase can be distributed in a trace amount to such a nanocrystalline system.
- the metal phase is distributed in several atomic units and may exist in a form that does not form a special crystal structure.
- such a metal phase is not distributed intensively in a specific region but is uniformly distributed throughout the thin film.
- a buffer layer is further formed between the bottom of the nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen, that is, between the base material and the nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen It is possible.
- the buffer layer may function as an adhesion layer for further improving the adhesion of the nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen, for example, to the base material.
- the stress relaxation layer may be a stress relaxation layer for relieving the stress between the base material and the nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen, and as another example, it may be a corrosion resistant layer for improving corrosion resistance.
- the buffer layer is not limited thereto, and may refer to both a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen in the structural aspect of the thin film and a layer that can be interposed between the parent material.
- a Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer layer implemented by introducing an inert gas (for example, argon gas) into the physical vapor deposition apparatus and physical vapor deposition of the Zr-Cu-Si based alloy target described above is used .
- an inert gas for example, argon gas
- a buffer layer is formed on the base material by a non-reactive physical vapor deposition process with a predetermined thickness while introducing an inert gas into the physical vapor deposition chamber.
- a nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film can be formed by performing physical vapor deposition while introducing nitrogen gas into the physical vapor deposition chamber.
- the buffer layer and the nanostructured film containing nitrogen can be formed in-situ by using the same alloy target.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the interface of the buffer layer and the nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film may include nitrogen or a boundary layer in which elements constituting the buffer layer are inclined and constituted. That is, the boundary layer may be formed in which the composition changes gradually without changing the composition abruptly at the interface, and the composition has a slope.
- the nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen can be applied to a piston pin, a piston ring, or a coating film formed on the surface of a tappet.
- a piston pin a piston pin
- a piston ring a coating film formed on the surface of a tappet.
- a method of manufacturing a piston pin, a piston ring or a tappet coated with a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen is characterized in that a piston pin, a piston ring or a tappet is placed inside a physical vapor deposition apparatus, , A nitrogen gas (N 2 ), or a nitrogen element (N) is introduced into the chamber to deposit a Zr-Cu-Si alloy target by physical vapor deposition to form a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen on the piston pin, On the surface of the substrate.
- the composition of the alloy target is such that Zr is 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And 4 at% to 8 at% of Si.
- the step of forming the nano-composite coating film containing nitrogen on the surface of the piston pin, the piston ring, or the tappet may include supplying the inert gas and the reactive gas into the sputtering apparatus while performing physical vapor deposition plasma
- a pulse power or a DC power source having a frequency range of 50 kHz to 350 kHz is applied to the Zr-Cu-Si based alloy target at a minimum of 6 W / cm 2 per unit area, and nitrogen is generated from the activated reaction gas by discharging the plasma And forming the nanocomposite coating film by binding with metal ions of the alloy target.
- a method of manufacturing a piston pin, a piston ring or a tappet coated with a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen is characterized in that an inert gas is introduced into the physical vapor deposition apparatus before forming the nanocomposite coating film Forming a Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer film on the surface of the piston pin, the piston ring, or the tappet by physical vapor deposition of the Zr-Cu-Si based alloy target.
- the step of forming the Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer film may include supplying pulsed power or DC power having a frequency range of 50 kHz to 350 kHz to the sputtering plasma source while supplying the inert gas into the physical vapor deposition apparatus
- the Zr-Cu-Si alloy target is applied with a minimum of 6 W / cm 2 per unit area to discharge the plasma, and nitrogen ions generated from the activated reaction gas are combined with the metal ions of the alloy target to form the Zr-Cu-Si And forming a coating buffer film.
- a method of manufacturing a piston pin, a piston ring or a tappet coated with a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen comprises the steps of: forming the Zr-Cu-Si coating buffer film; A pretreatment step of activating the surface of the piston pin, the piston ring or the tappet by ionizing the inert gas by applying an inert gas into the ion gun plasma source in the physical vapor deposition apparatus and applying power to the ion gun plasma ion source, .
- the power may satisfy a current of 0.3 A to 1.0 A and a voltage of 1000 V to 2000 V.
- the piston pin, piston ring or tappet implemented by the above-described manufacturing method includes a nitrogen-containing nano composite coating film formed on the surface of the piston pin, piston ring, or tappet, wherein the composition Is composed of 80 atom% to 92 atom% of Zr; 2 atom% to 10 atom% Cu; And 7 atom% to 15 atom% of Si.
- the nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film has a hardness of 10 GPa to 45 GPa and an elastic modulus of 150 GPa to 450 GPa, and has a coefficient of friction of 0.008 to 0.024.
- Table 5 shows the composition, thickness, roughness, hardness, elasticity, and elongation of the nanocomposite coating film implemented by the composition of the sputtering target and the physical vapor deposition process conditions according to Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention. Respectively.
- the substrate carburized SCM415 was used as the substrate.
- the sputtering target according to Examples 1 to 4 is a cast alloy produced by the plasma arc melting method, and the sputtering target according to Example 5 is a sintered alloy produced by the spark plasma sintering method.
- Zr is 82 atom% to 90 atom%; 4 atom% to 14 atom% Cu; And nitrogen (N 2 ) or a nitrogen element (N) in a sputtering apparatus, wherein the sputtering target is a sputtering target having a Si content of 4 to 8 atom% And the Zr-Cu-Si based alloy target is physically vapor deposited to form a nanocomposite coating film containing nitrogen, the composition of the nanocomposite coating film excluding nitrogen is 80 atom% to 92 atom% of Zr; 2 atom% to 10 atom% Cu; And 5 atom% to 15 atom% of Si.
- Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 2 formed a nanocomposite coating film using a Zr-Cu-Si based alloy target, but the alloy target did not satisfy the above-mentioned composition range, Si-based alloy target instead of the Si-based alloy target, Comparative Example 4 corresponds to the case of applying the Si-DLC coating film of the prior art, and Comparative Example 5 corresponds to the case where the coating film is separately applied If not,
- Fig. 2 shows the result of observing the microstructure of the target specimen corresponding to the composition of Example 4 with SEM and BSE.
- Fig. The relative density of the target specimen was as high as about 99%.
- the cast specimen showed a dendrite structure.
- EDS analysis was carried out and it was confirmed that the composition distribution was uniform throughout.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of SEM observation of the state of powders after mechanical alloying by introducing Zr, Cu and Si powders into a ball-mill to prepare a target specimen having a composition according to Example 5.
- FIG. To (c) are the results of analyzing the composition of the powder by EDS. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the Zr, Cu and Si powders are alloyed to have a uniform distribution by mechanical alloying.
- FIG. 5 is a result of analyzing the particle size of a powder that has undergone mechanical alloying by a particle size analyzer (PSA), and it can be confirmed that the powder has uniform particle size as a whole.
- PSA particle size analyzer
- FIG. 7 is a view showing sputtering process conditions and XRD analysis conditions and results for forming a coating film according to Example 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is an XRD result of a coating film according to Example 5. 7 and 8, it is confirmed that the coating film has a ZrN-based nanocomposite crystal structure, and the coating film has a ZrN crystal structure as a basic structure, wherein Cu and Si form the ZrN crystal Structure having a nanocomposite crystal structure.
- FIG. 9 (a) and 9 (b) show the results of SEM observation of the surface and cross-section of the coating film according to Example 5.
- FIG. 9 (a) and 9 (b) it can be seen that the produced coating film has a very smooth surface and a columnar structure.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a TEM observation of the microstructure of the coating film according to Example 5, and FIG. 10 (b) is a result of SEAD (selective area diffraction) analysis.
- the grain size has a very fine grain size ranging from 5 to 20 nm.
- FIG. 10 (b) it can be seen that a ring-pattern is observed in the nanocomposite coating.
- Table 5 shows that the nanocomposite coating film according to the embodiments of the present invention has a high hardness of 23 GPa to 44 GPa, a high elasticity of 265 GPa to 421 GPa, and a low coefficient of friction of 0.008 to 0.024.
- the hardness and elasticity are high but the friction coefficient is relatively high (Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2), the friction coefficient is low but the hardness and elasticity are relatively low ), The hardness and elasticity are low, and the coefficient of friction is high (Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5), indicating that it is not suitable for a coating film for low friction.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing conditions and results of a reciprocating friction test for a coating film according to some embodiments of the present invention and a comparative example.
- the friction coefficient of the nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film according to the embodiments of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the DLC coating film. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the nitrogen-containing nanocomposite coating film according to the embodiments of the present invention is formed on the base material rather than the case where the DLC is formed on the base material, and thus the low friction characteristic is better.
- the ring-liner scuffing resistance test results are shown in Fig.
- the test material on which the coating film was formed was a piston ring, and the test material was a cylinder liner.
- the lubricant was a mixture of 5W30 and MoDTC.
- As a comparative example two types of TaC (tetrahedral amorphous carbon) coating films TaC (1) (Comparative Example 7) and TaC (2) (Comparative Example 8) was used. Referring to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the coating film according to Example 5 of the present invention exhibits superior properties as compared with Comparative Examples 7 and 8.
- Table 6 shows changes in roughness of Example 5, Comparative Example 7, and Comparative Example 8 before and after the liner scuffing resistance test.
- Table 6 shows changes in roughness of Example 5, Comparative Example 7, and Comparative Example 8 before and after the liner scuffing resistance test.
- the damage of the liner did not occur even after the test was completed, and the surface of the coating film itself was hardly worn.
- Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 8 the roughness changes remarkably due to the severe wear of the coating film.
- tribo-reaction layer analysis results of the coating film according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention will be described.
- a coating corresponding to Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 was formed, and after the reciprocating friction test was completed, the tribo reaction layer formed on the surface was analyzed.
- Coated tappets were subjected to a friction test for 1 hour in a lubrication condition of 5W30 and MoDCT using a reciprocating high temperature friction tester. The applied load was 75 N, and the reciprocating distance was 10 mm, the speed was 5 Hz (100 mm / sec) and the temperature was 100 ° C.
- the LFM measurement condition was a measurement of the area of 20 ⁇ 20 ⁇ m at a scan speed of 0.5 Hz and a load of 10 mN, and the measured coefficient of friction was represented by mapping.
- LFM lateral force microscopy
- AFM Anamic Force Microscopy
- the degree of bending of the cantilever in the vertical direction is measured to collect information on the surface of the sample
- the degree of bending of the cantilever in the horizontal direction is measured.
- the degree of warping depends on the shape of the surface of the sample, the friction coefficient, the moving direction of the cantilever, and the horizontal spring constant of the cantilever. This makes it possible to analyze the friction characteristics of the sample surface by measuring the cantilever slope difference on the material surface composed of different components.
- 13A and 13B are AFM optical microscope photographs and friction coefficient mapping diagrams of a tappet formed with a coating film according to Example 2 of the present invention using LFM.
- 14A and 14B are AFM optical microscope photographs and friction coefficient mapping diagrams of a tappet formed with a coating film according to Comparative Example 4 of the present invention using LFM.
- the tribo-reaction layer formed by friction has a total thickness of 300 nm to 600 nm, and the organic material layer formed at the outermost portion of the reaction layer has a thickness of 2 nm to 100 nm.
- FIG. 17 exemplarily shows the cross- TEM observation results are shown.
- a friction coefficient mapping image measured with LFM is shown in Figures 13b and 14b.
- the coating film of Example 2 has an average coefficient of friction of 0.016 and exhibits a low coefficient of friction over the whole area measured. Especially, in the dark region where solid contact occurs during the friction test, low friction coefficient was confirmed, and high friction coefficient was confirmed in the bright region.
- the average coefficient of friction was 0.032 and a high coefficient of friction was confirmed over the entire region, and a low coefficient of friction was confirmed only in the minimum region in the measured region.
- FIG. 15 is an SEM image for AES analysis results of a tappet having a coating film according to Example 2 of the present invention
- Table 7 is a SEM image of a tappet- layer analysis results.
- FIG. 16 is an SEM image for AES analysis results of a tappet having a coating film according to Comparative Example 4 of the present invention.
- Table 8 is a SEM image of a tappet reaction layer according to Comparative Example 4 of the present invention. The results are shown.
- the coating layer compositions C and Si were detected to be high in the dark region.
- S, P, Mo, Ca, and K are detected more in the bright region than in the dark region.
- the low-friction region of the very small region confirmed in the friction coefficient mapping result using the dark region and the LFM confirmed in the AES analysis of the Si-DLC is the residual oil .
- Cu which is well known as a solid lubricant soft metal among the nanocomposite coating films according to the embodiment of the present invention, reacts with the lubricant composition during the friction test to contribute to the formation of the tribo-reactive layer, can confirm.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 저마찰 코팅막을 형성하기 위한 물리증착 타겟용 Zr-Cu-Si계 합금으로서, Zr이 82원자% 내지 90원자%; Cu가 4원자% 내지 14원자%; 및 Si이 4원자% 내지 8원자%;로 이루어진, 물리증착 타겟용 Zr-Cu-Si계 합금.
- 저마찰 코팅막을 형성하기 위하여 Zr-Cu-Si계 합금으로 이루어진 물리증착 타겟으로서, Zr이 82원자% 내지 90원자%; Cu가 4원자% 내지 14원자%; 및 Si이 4원자% 내지 8원자%;로 이루어진, 물리증착용 타겟.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 Zr-Cu-Si계 합금은, 용탕을 주조하여 구현한, 주조 합금인 것을 특징으로 하는, 물리증착용 타겟.
- 제 2 있어서,상기 Zr-Cu-Si계 합금은, 분말을 이용한 소결법으로 제조된, 소결 합금인 것을 특징으로하는, 물리증착용 타겟.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 Zr-Cu-Si계 합금은, Zr이 82원자% 내지 90원자%; Cu가 4원자% 내지 14원자%; 및 Si이 4원자% 내지 8원자%;로 이루어진 비정질 합금 또는 나노결정질 합금을 복수개로 준비하는 단계; 상기 복수개의 비정질 합금 또는 나노결정질 합금을 상기 비정질 합금 또는 나노결정질 합금의 유리천이온도(Tg) 이상 결정화 개시온도(Tx) 이하의 온도범위에서 소정의 시간 동안 유지하면서 가압함으로써 제 1 차 수축하는 단계; 및 상기 복수개의 비정질 합금 또는 나노결정질 합금을 상기 비정질 합금 또는 나노결정질 합금의 용융온도(Tm)의 0.7 배 내지 0.9 배의 온도범위에서 소정의 시간 동안 유지하면서 가압함으로써 제 2 차 수축하는 단계;를 수행함으로써 구현된, 결정질 합금인 것을 특징으로 하는, 물리증착용 타겟.
- 물리증착 장치 내부로, 불활성가스를 투입하고, 질소가스(N2) 또는 질소원소(N)를 함유하는 반응가스를 투입하여, Zr-Cu-Si계 합금타겟을 물리증착하여 질소를 함유하는 나노 복합 코팅막을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하되,상기 합금타겟의 조성은 Zr이 82원자% 내지 90원자%; Cu가 4원자% 내지 14원자%; 및 Si이 4원자% 내지 8원자%;로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는,나노 복합 코팅막의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 나노 복합 코팅막을 형성하는 단계; 이전에,상기 물리증착 장치 내부로, 불활성가스를 투입하여, Zr-Cu-Si계 합금타겟을 물리증착하여 Zr-Cu-Si 코팅버퍼층을 형성하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 나노 복합 코팅막의 제조방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 Zr-Cu-Si 코팅버퍼층을 형성하는 단계; 이전에,상기 물리증착 장치 내에서 이온 건 플라즈마 소스 내에 불활성가스를 투입하고 파워를 인가하여 상기 불활성가스를 이온화시키고 이온빔을 방출시켜 상기 Zr-Cu-Si 코팅버퍼층이 형성되는 대상체의 표면을 활성화시키는 전처리 단계;를 더 포함하는, 나노 복합 코팅막의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항 내지 제 8 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 막을 형성하는 단계 또는 상기 전처리 단계는 플라즈마 분위기에서 진행하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 나노 복합 코팅막의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 질소를 함유하는 나노 복합 코팅막은 상기 질소를 함유하는 나노 복합 코팅막의 조성이 상기 질소를 제외하고 Zr이 80원자% 내지 92원자%; Cu가 2원자% 내지 10원자%; 및 Si이 7원자% 내지 15원자%;로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는, 나노 복합 코팅막의 제조방법.
- 질소를 함유하는 나노 복합 코팅막으로서, 상기 나노 복합 코팅막 중에서 질소를 제외한 성분의 조성이 Zr이 80원자% 내지 92원자%; Cu가 2원자% 내지 10원자%; 및 Si이 5원자% 내지 15원자%;로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는, 나노 복합 코팅막.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 나노 복합 코팅막은 ZrN 또는 Zr2N 기반의 결정구조를 가지는, 나노 복합 코팅막.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 나노 복합 코팅막은 상대재와 접촉하여 마찰될 경우, 표면의 적어도 일 부 영역에 트라이보 반응막이 형성되며,상기 트라이보 반응막이 형성된 영역에서의 Cu의 조성이 상기 트라이보 반응막이 형성되지 않은 영역에 비해 더 높은, 나노 복합 코팅막.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 트라이보 반응막이 형성된 영역에서의 S 및 P의 조성이 상기 트라이보 반응막이 형성되지 않은 영역에 비해 더 높은, 나노 복합 코팅막.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 나노 복합 코팅막은 10GPa 내지 45GPa의 경도와 150GPa 내지 450GPa의 탄성률을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 나노 복합 코팅막.
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| DE112018004793.8T DE112018004793B4 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | Target zur physikalischen gasphasenabscheidung, nanokomposit- beschichtungsfilm unter verwendung desselben, und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
| JP2020511987A JP6944045B2 (ja) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | 物理蒸着用ターゲット及びそれを用いたナノ複合コーティング膜及びその製造方法 |
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| KR1020180103288A KR102030456B1 (ko) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | 물리증착용 타겟 및 이를 이용한 나노 복합 코팅막 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR10-2018-0103288 | 2018-08-31 |
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| KR20160051952A (ko) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-12 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 비정질막 및 질소를 포함하는 나노구조막의 제조방법 |
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| JP2009263795A (ja) * | 2003-08-05 | 2009-11-12 | Nippon Mining & Metals Co Ltd | スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法 |
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