WO2019044760A1

WO2019044760A1 - Nursery seedling material, nursery seedling tool, nursery seedling unit, and seedling production method

Info

Publication number: WO2019044760A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/031558
Authority: WO
Inventors: 鷲谷　公人; 明正中野
Original assignee: 富士フイルム株式会社
Priority date: 2017-08-29
Filing date: 2018-08-27
Publication date: 2019-03-07
Also published as: JP7079438B2; CN111065260A; CN111065260B; JP2019041587A

Abstract

Provided are a nursery seedling material, a nursery seedling tool, a nursery seedling unit, and a seedling production method which can easily be installed and improve the efficiency of growing large seedlings. A nursery seedling unit (12) has a nursery seedling tool (18) and a seedling (19). The nursery seedling tool (18) has a nursery seedling material (23) and a seedling bed (22). The nursery seedling material (23) includes a cellulose acylate having an acyl group. The nursery seedling material (23) has a cylindrical shape, and is provided in a raised fashion relative to the seedling bed (22). The nursery seedling material (23) has formed therein a hollow portion (23h) through which the seedling (19) from the seedling bed (22) grows, and supports the seedling (19) to be grown.

Description

Materials for raising seedlings, tools for raising seedlings, units for raising seedlings and methods for producing seedlings

The present invention relates to a nursery material, a nursery tool, a nursery unit, and a method of producing a seedling.

Fruit and vegetables such as tomatoes are so-called year-round cultivation, which is carried out throughout the year regardless of the season, by house cultivation. In the case of house cultivation, it is common practice to plant seedlings. As seedlings, seeds sown in a seedbed in a pot are germinated, and so-called large seedlings, etc., in which plug seedlings (also called cell-molded seedlings) obtained by primary raising seedlings and plug seedlings are grown large enough for secondary planting by secondary raising There is. Although plug seedlings can also be planted regularly, they become overgrown after planting in the case of house cultivation, and overgrowth is particularly remarkable in the case of using a culture solution (hydroponic culture). Therefore, in house cultivation, large seedlings obtained by secondary raising are preferred.

As a method of raising seedlings, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a completely closed system of plant cultivation system (hereinafter simply referred to as cultivation system) that is partitioned from the external space by a nonporous hydrophilic film, and a cultivation method using this cultivation system doing. This cultivation system comprises an internal space which accommodates plants, such as a seedling, by a non-porous hydrophilic film (it is only hereafter called a hydrophilic film). Then, a part of the outer space side of the hydrophilic film is brought into contact with water or a solution disposed in the outer space. The hydrophilic film is supported by a support frame.

JP, 2009-072075, A

The method of producing large seedlings through two seedling raising processes of primary raising and secondary raising as described above prolongs the production period. Prolonging the production period directly leads to the limitation of production turnover rate throughout the year, and also increases the disease risk during the growing period. Therefore, it is desirable to improve the efficiency of raising seedlings to large seedlings.

Moreover, in the cultivation system of Patent Document 1, since the hydrophilic film is softened by water in the raising and raising process for raising large seedlings, the above-described support frame for supporting the hydrophilic film is essential. Therefore, both the process of installing a support frame and the process of providing a non-porous hydrophilic film in the installed support frame are required. And support members, such as a support frame, require time and effort for installation of itself, and, as the large seedling assumed is large, it takes time and effort. Furthermore, in the cultivation system of Patent Document 1, the hydrophilic film is gradually degraded by water in the process of raising seedlings to large seedlings, and as a result, the hydrophilic film may be broken by contact with leaves or the like.

Then, an object of this invention is to provide the method of producing a seedling raising material, a seedling raising tool, a seedling raising unit, and a seedling, which can be easily installed and improve the seedling raising efficiency to large seedlings.

In order to solve the above problems, the nursery material of the present invention contains cellulose acylate, is cylindrical, is provided in a posture standing up to the seedling bed, and a hollow portion through which the seedling from the seedling bed penetrates is formed inside It is done.

When the circle equivalent diameter in the cross section in the horizontal direction of the hollow portion is D cm and the height from the seedbed is H1 cm, H1 / D is preferably in the range of 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less.

The height is preferably in the range of 10 cm to 50 cm. The equivalent circle diameter is preferably in the range of 5 cm to 40 cm.

The cellulose acylate preferably has an acyl group substitution degree in the range of 2.00 or more and 2.97 or less, and preferably has an acetyl group.

It is preferable that the nursery material has a moisture permeability in the range of 200 g / m ² · d to 1500 g / m ² · d.

It is preferable to be provided in the state which covers the side of a nursery.

The nursery tool of the present invention comprises a nursery and the above-mentioned nursery material.

The nursery unit of the present invention comprises a seedling and the above-described nursery tool.

The method for producing a seedling according to the present invention comprises an installation step of providing a tubular raising material in which a hollow portion into which a seedling from a seedling bed is inserted is formed in an upright position relative to the seedling bed, The seedling raising material contains cellulose acylate.

In the raising step, preferably, the seedlings are grown at a height of not less than 50% and not more than 150% of the height of the raising materials from the nursery.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can install easily and can raise the seedling raising efficiency to a large seedling.

It is a partial cross section schematic diagram of a seedling production apparatus. It is an explanatory view of a nursery tool. It is explanatory drawing of a circle equivalent diameter. It is the schematic of a solution film-forming apparatus.

Seedling production apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 is for producing so-called large-sized seedlings which can be fixedly planted by hydroponic cultivation, and includes a plurality of seedling raising units 12, a chamber (seedling raising room) 13, a light source unit 16 and a container. And 17. The nursery unit 12 has a nursery tool 18 and a seedling 19. The seedlings 19 to be grown are seedlings smaller than the plug seedlings, and more specifically, the height is 1 cm or more and 8 cm or less, and / or the number of leaves is 2 or more and 5 or less. The seedling 19 is an example of a seedling, and thus may be a seed (not shown) instead of the seedling 19. In the case of a seed, the seedling production apparatus 10 performs germination and growth of the seedling (growing). Although the seedlings 19 in this example are tomato seedlings, the seedlings are not limited to tomatoes, and may be seedlings of fruits and vegetables other than tomatoes, or seedlings of leaf vegetables. Other examples of fruits and vegetables include eggplants, peppers, paprika, cucumbers, green beans, corn, strawberries and the like. Examples of leafy vegetables such as Komatsuna, cabbage, lettuce, broccoli, celery, spinach, perilla and so on.

The number of the nursery units 12 in the seedling production apparatus 10 is not limited to a plurality, and may be one. The plurality of nursery units 12 are arranged in a square in the horizontal direction. Although the number of rows (the number in the horizontal direction in FIG. 1) of the nursery units 12 is six in this example, it is not limited to this example, and may be in the range of one to five, or seven It may be more than. In the figure, an arrow X is given in the column direction, an arrow Y is given in the row direction orthogonal to the column direction X in the horizontal direction, and an arrow Z is given in the vertically upward direction. The number of rows of the nursery units 12 (the number in the row direction Y) is three in this embodiment. The number of rows of the nursery units 12 is not limited to this example, and may be in the range of one or more and two or less, or four or more. The number of rows of the nursery units 12 is preferably in the range of 3 to 30 and more preferably in the range of 5 to 30. In addition, the number of rows of the nursery units 12 is preferably in the range of 3 to 30 and more preferably in the range of 5 to 30.

The arrangement mode in the horizontal direction of the plurality of nursery units 12 is not limited to the square arrangement, and may be a regular arrangement mode other than the square arrangement, or may be an irregular (random) arrangement. Further, in this example, the plurality of nursery units 12 are separated from each other with a slight gap, and the distance D1 between the nursery units 12 is approximately 5 mm. However, the nursery units 12 may be in contact with each other.

The container 17 is open at the top and contains water 21. The nursery tool 18 comprises a nursery 22 and a nursery material 23, and the nursery 22 is put in the container 17, whereby at least the lower part of the nursery 22 is immersed in the water 21. Water 21 is supplied to the seedlings 19 by this immersion. The nursery 22 may be any known material that can be used as a nursery for hydroponic culture, and is, for example, soil, sponge or fibrous material. In the present embodiment, rock wool is used as the nursery 22, and specifically, it is Grodan (registered trademark) rock wool cube manufactured by Rockwool BV (Netherlands). In addition, although the seedling production apparatus 10 is an apparatus which raises the seedling 19 by hydroponic cultivation, the cultivation system by a seedling production apparatus is not limited to hydroponic cultivation. As other cultivation methods, for example, soil cultivation, hydroponic cultivation, or high-level cultivation may be mentioned, and the nursery bed 22 may be changed according to the cultivation method.

The nursery material 23 is formed of a sheet in a tubular shape, and is provided in a posture standing up to the nursery bed 22 (installation step). Since the nursery material 23 is cylindrical, a hollow portion 23h through which the seedlings 19 from the seedbed 22 are inserted is formed inside. As a result, since the seedlings 19 are supported from the surroundings by the nursery material 23 in the nursery process, they grow upward in a manner to extend upward without using, for example, columns other than the nursery material 23. Therefore, they grow into large seedlings in a single nursery process. As described above, since it is not necessary to replant for primary rearing after primary rearing, large seedlings are efficiently produced. When seeds are used instead of the seedlings 19, it is equally efficient because they are grown from sprouting to large seedlings. Of course, even when the above-mentioned plug seedling obtained as the primary raising seedling is grown as the seedling 19 of the present example, similarly, the seedling grows in a manner of extending upward without using a column or the like. In addition, since the nursery material 23 is provided in each of the plurality of nursery beds 22, when the seedlings 19 grow into large seedlings, entanglement of stems and leaves of the seedlings 19 is prevented. As a result, growth management of a plurality of seedlings 19 is easy to be performed individually, so that the efficiency of raising seedlings is raised, and there is also an advantage such as easy handling of individual produced seedlings when they are moved to another place.

The nursery material 23 is in a standing posture in which the side surface of the nursery 22 is covered. As a result, entanglement of roots is prevented in the growing process of the seedlings 19. As a result, for example, when the produced large seedlings are moved to another place, there is a convenience such as easy handling of the individual. Moreover, when a disease etc. are confirmed by a specific one part seedling 19 in a raising seedling process, it is easy to take out. The nursery material 23 in this example is in the standing posture in a state of covering the side surface of the nursery bed 22. However, the raising material in the present embodiment is not limited to a mode in which the side surface of the nursery bed 22 is covered. For example, it may be disposed on the nursery 22. When arranged on the nursery 22, the nursery material 23 may be placed on the nursery 22 or fixed to the nursery 22 by inserting the lower part of the nursery material 23 into the nursery 22 from above. Good.

The nursery material 23 has a cylindrical shape with a rectangular cross section in the horizontal direction, and in this example, has a square cross section. The cross-sectional shape in the horizontal direction of the seedling-growing material 23 is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a circular shape (including an oval), a polygon other than a rectangle, or an irregular shape. However, for example, in the case where a plurality of cylindrical raising materials 23 having the same size are arranged, the cross-sectional shape in the horizontal direction is made square to arrange in the close-packed state in the seedling production apparatus 10, that is, flat filling Can. This is more preferable because more seedlings 19 can be produced in a limited installation area. In addition, even in the case where the produced seedlings are stored in the state of the nursery unit 12, delivered, or placed in a storefront, they can be placed in a plane filling at a limited installation place. For example, in terms of planarly placing a plurality of nursery materials having the same size and the same shape, the shape in the horizontal direction is not limited to a square, and may be an equilateral triangle or an equilateral hexagon.

The seedling-growing material 23 is formed by forming a cellulose acylate film into a cylindrical shape, that is, contains (includes) cellulose acylate. In this example, the seedling raising material 23 is formed by folding the cellulose acylate film into a tubular shape having a square cross section and fixing one end and the other end of the folded cellulose acylate film with an adhesive tape. Is not limited to this. For example, one end and the other end of the folded cellulose acylate film may be fixed by heat sealing. Alternatively, the nursery material 23 may be formed by preparing four rectangular cellulose acylate films and fixing the longitudinal directions of the cellulose acylate films.

Since the nursery material 23 is formed of cellulose acylate, the transparency is high, and light from the light source 26 described later is effectively irradiated to the seedlings 12 and / or the nursery 22. In addition, since the cellulose acylate film has an appropriate hardness, it can easily stand by making it cylindrical even without using a support member such as a support frame, so the nursery material 23 can be easily installed. In addition, the seedling raising material 23 contains cellulose acylate, so that the equilibrium moisture content is increased by the increase of the humidity in the hollow portion 23h due to the water in the seedling raising. The raising material 23 absorbs water due to the increase in the equilibrium moisture content. The moisture in the hollow portion 23h decreases due to the absorption of the moisture of the seedling-growing material, whereby the equilibrium moisture content of the seedling-growing material 23 decreases and the moisture is released. In this manner, the humidity in the hollow portion 23h can be suppressed from changing. As a result, (1) condensation on the inner wall 23i of the seedling material 23 (see FIG. 2) is suppressed, (2) generation and growth of mold and pathogen on the seedling 19 and / or the nursery 22 is suppressed, (3) seedling Effects such as (19) excessive excessive and / or overgrowth suppressed, (4) discoloration of the leaves of the seedlings 19 suppressed, and (5) the open / close mechanism of the stomata of the leaves of the seedlings 19 reliably maintained can get. In addition, since the rise in humidity of the hollow portion 23h is suppressed, deformation of the seedling-growing material 23 due to water absorption is suppressed, and as a result, the standing posture is maintained over a long period when the seedlings 19 grow into large seedlings. Therefore, even a small seedling 19 that has just been sprouted can be used continuously for a period of raising the large seedling with one raising of the seedling. Alternatively, it can be used continuously even when raising seedlings from seed germination to large seedlings. Of course, it can also be used for secondary raising in the case of performing 2 times of raising seedlings with primary raising and secondary raising.

The above-mentioned equilibrium moisture content is the equilibrium moisture content at 25 ° C. and 80% relative humidity. The temperature and the relative humidity correspond to the temperature and the relative humidity set as the nursery environment.

Cellulose acylate has an acyl group since the cellulose hydroxy group is esterified with a carboxylic acid. The degree of acyl group substitution of the cellulose acylate contained in the nursery material 23 is preferably in the range of 2.00 or more and 2.97 or less. As a result, the change in humidity of the hollow portion 23h can be suppressed to a smaller value. The smaller the degree of acyl substitution, the higher the amount of water absorbed by the seedling-growing material 23 and therefore the deformation due to water absorption is more likely. However, by making the degree of acyl substitution of the cellulose acylate constituting the seedling-growing material 23 be 2.00 or more It is preferable because deformation can be more reliably suppressed. The upper limit of the degree of acyl substitution is theoretically 3.00, but it is difficult to synthesize a cellulose acylate whose degree of acyl substitution exceeds 2.97. For this reason, the degree of acyl substitution of the cellulose acylate constituting the seedling raising material 23 is 2.97 or less.

The acyl group substitution degree of the cellulose acylate contained in the nursery material 23 is more preferably in the range of 2.40 to 2.95, and still more preferably in the range of 2.70 to 2.95. The degree of acyl substitution is, as is well known, the proportion of the hydroxy group of cellulose esterified by a carboxylic acid, that is, the degree of substitution of the acyl group.

The acyl group of the cellulose acylate constituting the nursery material 23 is not particularly limited, and may be an acetyl group having one carbon, or may have two or more carbons. The acyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms may be an aliphatic group or an aryl group, and examples thereof include alkyl carbonyl ester, alkenyl carbonyl ester or aromatic carbonyl ester of cellulose, and aromatic alkyl carbonyl ester. It may further have a substituted group. Propionyl group, butanoyl group, pentanoyl group, hexanoyl group, octanoyl group, decanoyl group, dodecanoyl group, tridecanoyl group, tetradecanoyl group, hexadecanoyl group, octadecanoyl group, iso-butanoyl group, t-butanoyl group, cyclohexane A carbonyl group, an oleoyl group, a benzoyl group, a naphthyl carbonyl group, a cinnamoyl group etc. can be mentioned.

The acyl group of the cellulose acylate constituting the seedling-growing material 23 may be only one type or two or more types, but it is preferable that at least one type is an acetyl group. By using a cellulose acylate having an acetyl group, the seedling-growing material 23 easily absorbs water, so the effect of suppressing the change in humidity in the hollow portion 23h is further improved. Most preferably, it is a cellulose acylate in which all the acyl groups are acetyl groups, that is, cellulose acylate is a cellulose acetate.

The degree of acyl substitution can be determined by conventional methods. For example, the degree of acetylation (degree of acetyl substitution) is determined according to the measurement and calculation of the degree of acetylation in ASTM: D-817-91 (test method such as cellulose acetate). It can also be measured by measuring the degree of acylation (degree of acyl group substitution) distribution by high performance liquid chromatography. To measure the degree of acetylation of cellulose acetate as an example of this method, a sample is dissolved in methylene chloride, a column Novapac phenyl (Waters) is used, and a mixed solution of methanol and water as an eluent (mass ratio of methanol: water is Acetylation degree distribution is measured by a linear gradient from 8: 1) to a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (dichloromethane: methanol mass ratio is 9: 1), and comparison with a calibration curve by standard samples with different degrees of acetylation Ask for. These measurement methods can be determined with reference to the method described in JP-A 2003-201301. The measurement of the degree of acetylation of cellulose acylate is preferably performed by high performance liquid chromatography when the seedling-growing material 23 contains an additive.

The nursery material 23 may contain an additive. The additive is a plasticizer, and in this example also contains a plasticizer. As the plasticizer, various known ones can be used. For example, triphenyl acetate (TPP), biphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BDP), ester derivatives of sugar, ester oligomers, etc. may be mentioned, and the nursery material 23 of this example contains ester derivatives or ester oligomers of sugar (containing To do). The seedling-growing material 23 may contain, as an additive, a UV absorber, fine particles as a so-called matting agent for preventing sticking of the seedlings, and the like, in addition to the plasticizer.

The nursery material 23 preferably has a moisture permeability in the range of 200 g / m ² · d to 1500 g / m ² · d. By setting the moisture permeability to 200 g / m ² · d or more, a significant increase in the humidity of the hollow portion 23h during raising seedlings can be more reliably suppressed as compared to the case of less than 200 g / m ² · d. By having the moisture permeability of 1,500 g / m ² · d or less, the standing posture is maintained for a long time as compared with the case of exceeding 1500 g / m ² · d. The moisture permeability is more preferably in the range of 300 m ² · d to 1300 g / m ² · d, and further preferably in the range of 400 m ² · d to 1200 g / m ² · d.

As a method of raising the moisture permeability to 200 g / m ² · d or more, using an ester derivative of sugar and / or an ester oligomer as a plasticizer, reducing the amount of plasticizer, and making the thickness 200 μm or less can be mentioned. . Moreover, as a method of lowering the moisture permeability to 1500 g / m ² · d or less, increasing the amount of the plasticizer and setting the thickness to 40 μm or more can be mentioned.

The light source unit 16 is for irradiating the nursery 22 and / or the seedlings 19 with light. The light source unit 16 is for irradiating the seed bed 22 with light prior to germination when the seeds are germinated. The light source unit 16 includes a plurality of light sources 26 for emitting light, a support plate 27, and a controller 28. The support plate 27 is an example of a support member for supporting the plurality of light sources 26. In this example, the respective light sources 26 are provided on the lower surface which is a surface opposite to the plurality of nursery units 12. The controller 28 has a first function of adjusting the amount of light emitted from each of the plurality of light sources 26 and a second function of performing on / off control of each of the plurality of light sources 26. The first function regulates the amount of light emitted to the seedlings 19 or the nursery 22. According to the second function, the timing and time of irradiation of light are adjusted according to the type and / or degree of growth of the seedling 19 and the like. Thus, the light source 26 irradiates the seedling 19 or the seedbed 22 with light controlled by the controller 28. Thus, the seedlings 19 grow and germinate in the case of seeds. Although the distance from the seedling raising unit 12 of the light source 26 is about 100 mm in this example, it is not limited to this example.

The chamber 13 accommodates the nursery unit 12, the light source 26 and the support plate 27 of the light source unit 16, and the container 17, and has a temperature and humidity controller 31. The temperature and humidity regulator 31 regulates the growth environment of the seedling 19 by regulating the temperature and humidity inside the chamber 13. The temperature inside the chamber 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 ° C. or more and 40 ° C. or less. In this example, the temperature is set to 20 ° C., and it is confirmed that the temperature fluctuates in the range of 17.5 ° C. or more and 22.5 ° C. or less. Although the humidity inside the chamber 13 is not particularly limited, it is preferably a relative humidity within the range of 50% to 80%. In this example, it is within the range of 40.5% to 91%. When the nursery unit 12 is provided outdoors without a roof without using the chamber 13, the upper member 23t (see FIG. 12) is made of the same material as the nursery material 23 or a different material on the nursery material 23. 2) may be provided.

The seedlings 19 are grown by supplying the water 21 to the seedlings 19, irradiating the light, and controlling the temperature and humidity (seed raising process). Since the above-described seedling raising material 23 is used in the seedling raising method of the present example, the seedling 19 is grown to large seedling in a single step of seedling raising.

The nursery tool 18 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. The circle equivalent diameter in the cross section in the horizontal direction of the hollow portion 23h is D cm, and the height from the seedbed 22 is H1 cm. In the material 23, H1 / D obtained by dividing the height H1 cm by the equivalent circle diameter D cm is preferably in the range of 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less, and is, for example, 3.5 in this example. By making H1 / D be 0.5 or more, it becomes more reliable to grow the seedlings 19 high in a standing posture, as compared to the case of being less than 0.5. Further, by setting H1 / D to be 10.0 or less, the standing posture of the nursery material 23 during the nursery period is more reliably maintained. H1 / D is more preferably in the range of 1.0 or more and 8.0 or less, and still more preferably in the range of 1.5 or more and 6.0 or less. The circle equivalent diameter D (unit: cm) is the diameter of the circle C when the circle C having the same area as the area of the hollow portion 23h surrounded by the seedling raising material 23 shown in FIG. 2B is drawn. There (see Figure 3).

When H1 / D is in the range of 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less, the height H1 (unit; cm) is preferably in the range of 10 cm or more and 70 cm or less, and is, for example, 30 cm in this example. . When the height H1 is 10 cm or more, it becomes more reliable to grow the seedlings 19 high in a standing posture. When the height H1 is 70 cm or less, the standing posture of the nursery material 23 during the nursery period is more reliably maintained. The height H1 is more preferably in the range of 15 cm to 50 cm, and still more preferably in the range of 20 cm to 40 cm.

When H1 / D is in the range of 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less, the equivalent circle diameter D is preferably in the range of 5 cm or more and 40 cm or less, and is, for example, 8.5 cm in this example. By setting the equivalent circle diameter D to 5 cm or more, the standing posture of the seedling raising material 23 during the seedling raising period is more reliably maintained as compared to the case of less than 5 cm. By setting the equivalent circle diameter D to 40 cm or less, the area occupied by the nursery material 23 and the nursery unit 12 can be reduced, so that large seedlings with the target number of fixed plantings can be reliably secured. The equivalent circle diameter D is more preferably in the range of 7 cm to 30 cm, and still more preferably in the range of 8 cm to 20 cm.

The thickness T of the nursery material 23 is preferably in the range of 20 μm to 200 μm, and is 100 μm in this example. By being 20 micrometers or more in thickness, compared with the case of less than 20 micrometers, installation becomes simpler, and also the posture which stood up during a growing period to large seedlings is maintained more certainly. When thickness T is 200 micrometers or less, compared with the case where it is larger than 200 micrometers, it is easy to bend at the time of making the nursery material 23 into a cylindrical shape, and it is hard to be broken when it bends. The thickness T is more preferably 30 μm or more and 150 μm or less, and particularly preferably 40 μm or more and 130 μm or less.

T / H1 obtained by dividing thickness T (unit; μm) by height H1 is preferably in the range of 5.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ or more and 2.0 × 10 ⁻³ or less. When T / H1 is 5.0 × 10 ^-5 or more, installation in a standing posture is easier than in the case of less than 5.0 × 10 ^-5 , and the seedling raising material 23 is grown in the process of growing into large seedlings. However, while properly spreading according to the spread of the upper leaves, the standing posture is more reliably maintained during the growing period. By T / H1 being 2.0 x 10 ^-3 or less, compared with the case of being larger than 2.0 x 10 ^-3 , the seedling raising material 23 excessively suppresses the spread of upper leaves in the growing process to large seedlings. Are removed, so that a better quality large seedling with moderately spread upper leaves can be obtained.

It is preferable to grow the seedlings 19 at a height of 50% or more and 150% or less with respect to the height H1, and in the present example, the seedling growth step is grown to a height of 130%. In addition, the height of a seedling is the height from the seedbed 22 and, in FIG. 2, the code | symbol H2 is attached | subjected. By growing the seedlings 19 at a height of 50% or more with respect to the height H1, growth to large seedlings suitable for planting becomes more reliable. By growing the seedlings 19 at a height of 150% or less with respect to the height H, the entanglement of leaves between the seedlings 19 and the drooping of the leaves above the seedlings 19 and Or, the fall is suppressed, as a result, it is possible to obtain a large seedling which can be transplanted more easily and which has a good quality.

When the seedlings 19 are grown using the seedling material 23 having the above-described configuration, the following applies when the seedlings 19 are grown using a seedling material formed of polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET) film: The results of are obtained. The nursery material formed of PET film is the same as the nursery material 23 in shape and size. In addition, "SPAD" of the following SPAD value is an abbreviation of large-scale management soil, crop, and product analysis system practical use project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Agronomics and Horticulture Bureau Agricultural Products Division, and SPAD value is the chlorophyll amount developed by SPAD It is an index. The SPAD value is measured at the tip portion of the largest leaf (largest leaf) among the plurality of leaves of the obtained seedling 19. Moreover, the number of roots below counts the number of adventitious roots generated on the surface of rock wool as the seedbed 22. An adventitious root is a root of a root that occurs when the development of a main root is poor, and occurs when the surface is in a wet state.
(1) The maximum leaf length (length of the longest leaf among a plurality of leaves) in the obtained seedlings is 32.3 cm, which is longer than 29.3 cm when using a nursery material formed of PET film. Yes, there is a significant difference. That is, the growth of individual leaves is better and better.
(2) The SPAD value is 47.6, which is higher than 37.5 when using a nursery material formed of a PET film when measured with a chlorophyll meter SPAD-502Plus manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. There is a difference in That is, there is much chlorophyll and it is better.
(3) The number of roots is 8.0, which is significantly different from 28.2 when using a nursery material formed of PET film. That is, it shows that the culture medium surface was maintained to such an extent that it did not become too wet without too many adventitious roots, it is better.

The solution film-forming apparatus 50 of FIG. 4 manufactures the cellulose acylate film 51 continuously from the dope 52 by the solution film-forming method. The long cellulose acylate film 51 is cut into a sheet, and formed into a cylindrical shape, whereby a nursery material 23 can be obtained. The dope 52 is a cellulose acylate solution in which a cellulose acylate having the degree of acyl substitution within the above range is dissolved in a solvent. In the present embodiment, a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol is used as the solvent, but the invention is not limited thereto. The dope 52 may contain the various additives described above, and the dope 52 of this embodiment contains a plasticizer and a matting agent.

The solution film forming apparatus 50 includes a casting unit 55, a roller dryer 56, and a winder 57 in order from the upstream side. The casting unit 55 includes a belt 61 formed in an annular shape, a pair of rollers 62 traveling in the longitudinal direction with the belt 61 supported by the circumferential surface, a blower 63, a casting die 64, and a peeling roller 65. And At least one of the pair of rollers 62 rotates in the circumferential direction, and this rotation causes the wound belt 61 to continuously travel in the longitudinal direction. The casting die 64 is disposed above one of the pair of rollers 62 in this example, but may be disposed above the belt 61 between one of the pair of rollers 62 and the other.

The belt 61 is a support for the casting film 66 described later, and has a length of, for example, 55 to 200 m, a width of 150 to 500 cm, and a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 mm. It is inside.

The casting die 64 continuously discharges the supplied dope 52 from the outlet 64 a facing the belt 61. By continuously flowing out the dope 52 onto the running belt 61, the dope 52 is cast on the belt 61, and a cast film 66 is formed on the belt 61.

The pair of rollers 62 includes a temperature controller (not shown) that adjusts the circumferential surface temperature. The temperature of the casting film 66 is adjusted via the belt 61 by the roller 62 whose peripheral surface temperature is adjusted. In the case of a so-called dry gelation method in which the casting film 66 is hardened by heating to accelerate the drying (gelling), the circumferential surface temperature of the roller 62 is, for example, in the range of 15 ° C. or more and 35 ° C. or less Good. In the case of a so-called cooling gelation method in which the casting film 66 is cooled and solidified, it is preferable to set the circumferential surface temperature of the roller 62 within the range of -15 ° C to 5 ° C. In the present embodiment, a dry gelation method is used.

The blower 63 is for drying the formed cast film 66. The blower 63 is provided to face the belt 61. The blower 63 promotes drying of the casting membrane 66 by sending gas to the casting membrane 66. Although the gas to be fed is air heated to 100 ° C. in the present embodiment, the temperature is not limited to 100 ° C. Also, the gas is not limited to air. The drying by the blower 63 causes the casting film 66 to gel more quickly. Then, the casting film 66 is hardened so as to be transported by gelation.

With respect to the dope 52 from the casting die 64 to the belt 61, so-called beads, a pressure reducing chamber (not shown) may be provided upstream in the traveling direction of the belt 61. The decompression chamber sucks the atmosphere in the area upstream of the flow-out of the dope 52 to decompress the area.

The cast film 66 is solidified on the belt 61 to such an extent that the roller dryer 56 can convey the film, and then the film is peeled from the belt 61 in a state containing a solvent. The peeling roller 65 is for continuously peeling the casting film 66 from the belt 61. The peeling roller 65 supports the cellulose acylate film 51 formed by peeling from the belt 61 from the lower side, for example, and holds the peeling position PP at which the casting film 66 is peeled from the belt 61 constant. The peeling method may be any of a method of pulling the blue cellulose acylate film 51 downstream, a method of rotating the peeling roller 65 in the circumferential direction, and the like.

In the case of the dry gelation method, peeling from the belt 61 is performed, for example, while the solvent content of the casting film 66 is in the range of 3% by mass to 100% by mass, and 100 in the present embodiment. It is done by mass%. In the case of the cooling gelation method, for example, it is preferable to carry out while the solvent content of the casting film 66 is in the range of 100% by mass to 300% by mass. In the present specification, the solvent content (unit;%) is a value on a dry basis. Specifically, the mass of the solvent is x, and the mass of the cellulose acylate film 51 for which the solvent content is determined is y It is a percentage to be calculated by {x / (y−x)} × 100.

As described above, the casting unit 55 forms the cellulose acylate film 51 from the dope 52. The belt 61 travels in a circulating manner, whereby the casting of the dope 52 and the stripping of the casting film 66 are repeated.

The roller dryer 56 is for drying the formed cellulose acylate film 51, and includes a plurality of rollers 73 and an air conditioner (not shown). Each roller 73 supports the cellulose acylate film 51 on its circumferential surface. The cellulose acylate film 51 is wound around a roller 73 and conveyed. The air conditioner regulates the temperature, humidity, etc. inside the roller dryer 56. In the roller dryer 56, the cellulose acylate film 51 is recommended to be dried while being supported by the rollers 73 and transported. The winding machine 57 is for winding up the long cellulose acylate film 51, and the cellulose acylate film 51 is rolled up in a roll shape by the winding machine 57. A tenter (not shown) for stretching the cellulose acylate film 51 in the width direction may be provided between the casting unit 55 and the roller dryer 56. Further, a slitter (not shown) may be provided, for example, between the roller dryer 56 and the winder 57, and the slitter may cut out each side of the cellulose acylate film 51 continuously. After the cellulose acylate film 51 is cut into a rectangular shape, the seedling-growing material 23 is manufactured by forming it into a tubular shape as described above.

Examples of the present invention and comparative examples to the present invention will be listed below.

[Example 1] to [Example 22]
The solution film forming apparatus 50 manufactured a cellulose acylate film 51 having a width of 1340 cm, and the length of 2000 m was wound by a winder 57. The seedling raising material 23 was manufactured from each cellulose acylate film 51 by the above-mentioned method, and 18 seedling raising units 12 using each seedling raising material 23 were prepared. Seedlings 19 of tomato are grown by the respective nursery units 12 and designated as Examples 1 to 11.

The formulation of the dope 52 is as follows. The following solid content is a solid component constituting the cellulose acylate film 51.
The first component of solid content 100 parts by mass The second component of solid content The part by mass shown in the "amount" column of Table 1 The third component of solid content 1.3 parts by mass Dichloromethane (first component of solvent) 635 parts by mass Methanol Second component of solvent) 125 parts by mass

The first component of the solid content is cellulose acylate, and in Table 1, "cellulose acylate" is described in the "substance" column of the "first component". In this cellulose acylate, all the acyl groups are acetyl groups, and the viscosity average degree of polymerization is 320.

The second component of the solid content was A or B shown in the "second component" column of Table 1. A is an ester derivative of sugar, specifically, benzoic acid ester of sucrose (Monopet SB manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.). B is an ester oligomer, and specifically, an oligomer having an ester of adipic acid and ethylene glycol as a repeating unit (number average molecular weight by terminal functional group determination method is 1000). "The amount of the second component" in Table 1 is the mass of the second component when the mass of the cellulose acylate is 100, and "PHR" in Table 1 is an abbreviation of per-hand red resin and means in parts by mass. is there. The third component of the solid content is fine particles of silica, and R972 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.

Dope 52 was made in the following manner. First, the first component of the solid content, the second component, and the solvent which is a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol are each introduced into a closed container, and stirring is performed in a closed container while maintaining the temperature at 40 ° C. The first and second components of the solid content were dissolved in a solvent. The third solid component is dispersed in a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol, and the obtained dispersion is placed in the above-mentioned closed container containing a solution in which the first and second solid components are dissolved. Dispersed. The dope 52 thus obtained is allowed to stand, then filtered through filter paper while maintaining the temperature at 30 ° C., and after degassing treatment, it is used for casting in the solution film forming apparatus 50. Provided.

A dope 52 was cast from a casting die 64 at 30 ° C. to form a casting film 66. The air at 100 ° C. was applied to the casting film 66 immediately after formation by a blower 63, and the dried casting film 66 was peeled off from the belt 61 by a peeling roller 65. The temperature of the belt 61 at the peeling position PP was 10 ° C. The cast film 66 was peeled off 120 seconds after formation. The solvent content of the casting membrane 66 at the peeling position PP was 100% by mass. Stripping was performed at a tension of 150 N / m. The tension is a force per meter of the width of the casting film 66. The formed cellulose acylate film 51 was guided to a roller drier 56 and dried while being conveyed in a state where tension was applied in the longitudinal direction by a plurality of rollers 73. The tension applied in the longitudinal direction was 100 N / m. This tension is a force per meter of width of the cellulose acylate film 51. The roller dryer 56 has a first zone on the upstream side and a second zone on the downstream side, and the first zone is set to 80 ° C., and the second zone is set to 120 ° C. The cellulose acylate film 51 was conveyed for 5 minutes in the first zone and for 10 minutes in the second zone. The solvent content of the cellulose acylate film 51 wound up by the winding machine 57 was 0.3% by mass.

The degree of acyl substitution of cellulose acylate is shown in the column of “degree of acyl substitution” in Table 1 for the nursery material 23 produced from each cellulose acylate film 51. The thickness T of the nursery material 23 is shown in the "Thickness" column of the "Nursing material", and the height H1 is shown in the "Height" column. In Table 1, the numerical values following "E" in the "T / H1" column indicate powers of 10. For example, "3.3E-04" refers to the 3.3 ^-4.

In Examples 1 to 21, a seedling cell tray is filled with seed culture soil, sown with Momotaro Yoke (manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.), and germinated by growing for 16 days. It transplanted to the nursery 22. Eighteen nursery units 12 using the nursery material 23 were arranged side by side in one chamber 13, and each seedlings 19 were grown for 14 days in that state.

In Example 22, the above-mentioned Momotaro yoke was sown on each nursery bed 22 of the eighteen nursery tools 18, and the eighteen nursery units 12 were installed side by side in one chamber 13. Germination and nursery were carried out in that state. The growth period was 30 days. The other conditions of Example 22 are the same as in Example 1.

The maintenance of the standing posture of each nursery material 23, the height of the produced seedlings 19, the ease of transplanting the produced seedlings 19, and the quality of the produced seedlings 19 were evaluated. The evaluation method and evaluation criteria are as follows, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

1. Maintenance of Standing Posture When the standing posture of the nursery material 23 is maintained during the growing period of the seedlings 19, the seedlings 19 can be grown upward, and can be grown into large seedlings. Then, about maintenance of the standing posture of the nursery material 23, it observed visually and evaluated based on the following references | standards. A to C are those in which the standing posture was maintained during the above-mentioned seedling raising period and passed. D is a failure.
A: No change from the time of installation was confirmed at the end of raising seedlings B: At the end of raising seedlings, slight wrinkles and / or deformation were observed, but the standing posture is maintained and reusable.
C: At the end of seedling raising, wrinkles and / or deformation were observed, and although the reuse was not possible, the standing posture was maintained.
D: In the process of raising seedlings, wrinkles and deformation were recognized, and it became impossible to stand on its way in raising seedlings.

2. Height of Seedling Produced The height of the seedling 19 was measured at the end of the raising seedling. Each result is described in the "seedling height" column of Table 1 as a unit of cm. In addition, the height of the seedling shown in Table 1 measured each height of 18 seedlings 19 grown for every Example, and made it the average value of these heights. If the height is 15 cm or more, it can be said that it has grown to a large seedling that can be planted, and it is regarded as a pass. When the height is 25 cm or more, it is particularly suitable for planting. If the height does not reach 15 cm, it can be said that secondary planting is necessary before planting in order to plant the plant, and it was rejected because the production efficiency is poor.

3. Ease of Transplanting of Seedlings After completion of raising seedlings, in the work of providing a plurality of seedlings 19 obtained for stationary planting, evaluation was made according to the following criteria. P is pass, F is fail.
P: The seedlings 19 adjacent to each other were not entangled, and handling of the plurality of seedlings 19 was easy.
F: Adjacent seedlings 19 were entangled, and it took time to handle a plurality of seedlings 19 individually.

4. Quality of Seedlings Seedlings obtained by growth were fixedly planted in this weir, and the mode after fixedly planted was visually observed, and evaluation based on the following criteria was carried out as quality evaluation of the seedlings. In Table 1, A to C are pass and D is fail.
A: There are many leaves in the whole from the top of the seedling and the leaves are spread moderately and the stems are firm and stand alone.
B: Leaves slightly drooping from the top to the bottom of the seedling, but they are generally self-supporting without support.
C: Seedling leaves were drooping downward, and the stems were bent from the middle to the top.
D: Seedling falls or can not stand independently. In particular, yellowing of lower leaves is observed.

[Comparative Example 1], [Comparative Example 2]
The seedlings were grown under the same conditions as Example 1 except that the nursery material 23 was not used, and Comparative Example 1 was obtained. In Comparative Example 1, since the nursery material 23 is not used, in each column of "Nursing material" of Table 1, the column excluding the "presence / absence" column is described as "-". In Comparative Example 2, a polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET) film was formed in a cylindrical shape similar to the nursery material 23, and used as a nursery material, and the young plant was raised under the same conditions as Example 1. The PET film used is Lumirror (registered trademark) T60 # 100 (a thickness of 100 μm) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.

By the same method and standard as in the example, maintenance of the standing posture of the nursery stock, height of the seedling obtained by growth, ease of transplanting the obtained seedling, quality of the obtained seedling after planting and Was evaluated. In addition, in the comparative example 1, since the raising material is not used, it does not evaluate about the maintenance of the standing posture of the raising material. Therefore, in the “maintenance of standing posture” column of Table 1, “-” which means that the evaluation is not performed is described. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 seedling production apparatus 12 nursery unit 13 chamber 16 light source unit 17 container 18 nursery tool 19 nursery 21 water 22 nursery 23 nursery material 23h hollow part 23i inner wall 23i inner wall 23t upper member 26 light source 27 support plate 28 controller 31 temperature and humidity controller 50 solution film forming Apparatus 51 cellulose acylate film 52 dope 55 casting unit 56 roller dryer 57 winder 61 belt 62 roller 63 blower 64 casting die 64 a outlet 65 peeling roller 66 cast film 73 roller C circle D circle equivalent diameter D1 Distance H1 Height of seedling material from seedbed H2 Seedling height PP Peeling position T Thickness X Column direction Y Row direction Z Vertical upward direction

Claims

Contains cellulose acylate,
A seedling-growing material which is cylindrical, provided in a posture standing up to a seedling bed, and in which a hollow portion through which the seedling from the seedling bed passes is formed.
When the circle equivalent diameter in the cross section in the horizontal direction of the hollow portion is D cm and the height from the seedbed is H1 cm, H1 / D is in the range of 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less. Seedling raising material described in.
The nursery material according to claim 2, wherein the height is in the range of 10 cm to 50 cm.
The nursery material according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the circle equivalent diameter is in the range of 5 cm or more and 40 cm or less.
The seedling raising material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cellulose acylate has an acyl group substitution degree in the range of 2.00 or more and 2.97 or less and has an acetyl group.
The material for raising seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the material for raising seedlings has a moisture permeability in the range of 200 g / m 2 · d to 1500 g / m 2 · d.
The nursery material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is provided to cover the side surface of the seedbed.
With a nursery,
The nursery material according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
Seedling raising equipment comprising.
Seeds and seedlings,
A raising tool according to claim 8;
A nursery unit equipped with
An installation step of providing a tubular raising material having a hollow portion formed therein, through which a seedling from a seedling bed is inserted, in a posture standing up to the seedling bed;
Seed raising process,
Have
The method for producing a seedling material comprising cellulose acylate.
Assuming that the circle equivalent diameter in the cross section in the horizontal direction of the hollow portion is D cm, and the height of the seedling material from the seedbed is H1 cm, H1 / D is in the range of 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less. A method of producing a seedling according to claim 10.
The method for producing seedlings according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the seedling-growing step grows the seedlings at a height of 50% or more and 150% or less with respect to the height of the seedling-growing material from the seedling bed.