WO2019042239A1 - Procédé pour empêcher une explosion thermique de batterie au lithium-ion - Google Patents

Procédé pour empêcher une explosion thermique de batterie au lithium-ion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042239A1
WO2019042239A1 PCT/CN2018/102412 CN2018102412W WO2019042239A1 WO 2019042239 A1 WO2019042239 A1 WO 2019042239A1 CN 2018102412 W CN2018102412 W CN 2018102412W WO 2019042239 A1 WO2019042239 A1 WO 2019042239A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ion battery
lithium ion
gas barrier
gas
sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/102412
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王武生
Original Assignee
王武生
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王武生 filed Critical 王武生
Publication of WO2019042239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042239A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of battery safety.
  • Electric vehicles are rapidly developing, but electric vehicles are likely to cause damage to the power battery in the event of a collision, resulting in a burning explosion.
  • an electric vehicle produced by Tesla has exploded immediately after the collision, so that the driver is on the spot. Death accident.
  • the patent application number disclosed by the Chinese Patent Office at 2007.10.31 is CN200610060595.5, and the invention name is "Electrical Vehicle Electrical Insulation Protection Method and Electric Vehicle Front Storage Structure".
  • the patent uses airbag protection measures to protect the electrical components in the front compartment from collisions to avoid damage and leakage due to collisions.
  • this method can reduce the risk of failure of electrical components during a collision, the invention does not solve the combustion explosion of the power battery. Therefore, research and development of a method to prevent lithium-ion battery combustion and explosion will greatly improve the safety of lithium batteries, especially electric vehicles, and can effectively protect the safety of drivers and occupants, with important economic and social significance.
  • a method for preventing a combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery wherein the lithium ion battery is disposed in a gas isolation sleeve, and a power supply lead wire is mounted on the gas isolation sleeve to extract electric energy of the lithium ion battery.
  • the electrolyte in the current lithium-ion battery is a flammable and explosive material.
  • the lithium-ion battery is damaged or internally short-circuited, such as an electric vehicle collision, the positive and negative electrodes will generate a spark, which will ignite the electrolyte and cause a combustion explosion.
  • the method currently used is to improve the safety of the lithium ion battery itself, in particular to improve the mechanical strength.
  • the service life of lithium-ion batteries is limited, and there are always failures.
  • electric vehicles cannot avoid collisions during use.
  • lithium-ion batteries cannot be damaged, which must cause combustion explosions, such as the United States.
  • the electric car produced by SLA has a crash that caused the driver to burn on the spot!
  • the invention places the lithium ion battery in the gas isolation sleeve.
  • the lithium ion battery is in contact with the air due to the gas isolation sleeve. Since there is no air, the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery cannot be burned. Explosion, which can effectively prevent the explosion and explosion of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a folded portion, and when the folded portion is unfolded, the volume becomes large.
  • the shape of the lithium ion battery is regular, but it will be deformed in the event of a collision, resulting in a large space occupied by the lithium ion battery, so that the gas isolation sleeve will be torn.
  • the gas barrier sleeve is provided with the folded portion, the lithium ion battery is deformed in the event of a collision, so that the folded portion is unfolded, and the volume inside the gas barrier sleeve is thus increased, thereby preventing the deformed lithium ion battery from tearing the gas barrier sleeve.
  • the gap between the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery is in a vacuum state.
  • the vacuum method is used, the lithium ion battery can be prevented from burning and exploding when it is broken.
  • the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery are filled with an inert gas.
  • an inert gas there is a certain gap between the gas isolation sleeve and the lithium ion battery. If there is residual air between the gaps, when the lithium ion battery is damaged (such as when the electric vehicle collides), the lithium ion battery may be burned and exploded due to the presence of air.
  • the inert gas is filled in the gap, the combustion explosion of the lithium ion battery can be avoided.
  • the inert gas described herein refers to an oxygen-free gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • the gas barrier sleeve and the lithium ion battery are filled with a flame retardant liquid.
  • a flame retardant liquid There is a certain gap between the gas isolation sleeve and the lithium ion battery. If there is residual air between the gaps, when the lithium ion battery is damaged (such as when the electric vehicle collides), the lithium ion battery may be burned and exploded due to the presence of air.
  • the flame retardant liquid is filled in the gap, since there is no oxygen in the gap due to the presence of the flame retardant liquid, the combustion explosion does not occur when the lithium ion battery is broken.
  • the gas barrier sleeve and the lithium ion battery are filled with a buffer material. Because the lithium ion battery will be deformed in the event of a collision, the space occupied by the lithium ion battery will become large, so that the gas barrier will be torn. When the buffer material is filled between the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery, the buffer material is deformed when the volume becomes large, thereby preventing the deformed lithium ion battery from tearing the gas barrier.
  • the gas barrier is made of a ballistic resistant material. Since the lithium ion battery deforms, some parts become sharp and pierce the gas isolation sleeve.
  • the gas barrier is made of bulletproof material, the strength of the bulletproof material itself is generally five to ten times that of the steel, thereby preventing gas from being isolated. The sleeve is pierced to effectively improve the safety of the lithium ion battery.
  • the ballistic resistant material has a flame retardant function.
  • the anti-ballistic material is treated with a flame retardant function to further improve safety.
  • the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a reinforcing rib, and when the reinforcing rib is installed, the tensile strength of the gas barrier sleeve can be improved, thereby preventing the gas barrier sleeve from being torn when the lithium ion battery is collided and deformed.
  • the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a metal heat conducting member.
  • the lithium-ion battery itself generates a certain amount of heat during operation.
  • the metal heat-conducting member has excellent heat-conducting function, and can quickly transfer the heat inside the gas-insulating sleeve to the outside, thereby further improving the performance and safety of the lithium-ion battery.
  • an exhaust pipe is disposed on the gas barrier, and when the lithium ion battery is damaged by a collision, a large amount of electrolyte gas is generated, and the gas must be discharged.
  • the exhaust pipe is installed on the gas isolation sleeve, and the electrolyte gas can be discharged and recovered through the exhaust pipe to prevent combustion and pollute the environment.
  • an explosion-proof membrane is provided at the tail of the exhaust pipe.
  • a certain pressure is generated.
  • the pressure reaches a certain value, the explosion-proof membrane is broken to discharge the electrolyte gas.
  • the explosion-proof membrane can prevent the gas inside the gas isolation sleeve from being too high, causing the gas isolation sleeve to rupture, and the pressure of the electrolyte gas can be effectively controlled.
  • an anti-tempering net is further provided at the tail of the exhaust pipe. Because the discharged electrolyte gas is easy to burn, if the tempering will cause the whole lithium-ion battery to burn and explode, installing the tempering net can prevent the flame from recharging, thereby ensuring that the entire lithium-ion battery will not burn and explode.
  • the angle or/and the sides of the lithium ion battery are arcuate. This configuration can prevent the gas barrier sleeve from being pierced when the lithium ion battery collides and deforms.
  • the buffer material is wrapped at the corners or/and edges of the lithium ion battery.
  • the cushioning material can prevent the gas barrier sleeve from being pierced when the lithium ion battery collides, thereby improving safety.
  • the present invention has the following significant benefits:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for preventing a combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery provided in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another method for preventing a combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery according to Embodiment 3.
  • a method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery is as follows: a lithium ion battery 1 is disposed in the gas isolation sleeve 2 , and a power supply is mounted on the gas isolation sleeve 2 . Lines 6 and 7 are used to draw the electrical energy of the lithium ion battery 1. The gap 3 between the gas barrier 2 and the lithium ion battery 1 is filled with nitrogen gas. The positive electrode 4 and the negative electrode 5 of the lithium ion battery 1 can be taken out through the gas barrier 1 through the power supply lead wires 6 and 7.
  • a lithium-ion battery 1 When a lithium-ion battery 1 has a safety accident, such as a power battery of an electric vehicle in the event of a traffic accident, the lithium-ion battery 1 may be broken to cause a spark between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, but since the gas isolation sleeve 2 is made of a bulletproof material. The strength is more than five times that of the steel, so it will not break during the collision. Since the lithium ion battery 1 is disposed in the gas barrier 2, the air is completely insulated from the lithium ion battery 1. Since the electrolyte liquid in the lithium ion battery 1 has no air, the spark cannot be burned and exploded, thereby effectively protecting the air. The safety of the driver and occupant of the electric car.
  • another method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery is as follows: the periphery of the gas barrier sleeve 2 has a folded portion 8, 9, 10 respectively, when the lithium ion battery 1 is damaged and deformed.
  • the lithium ion battery 1 will be changed from a regular shape to a profiled shape, and the volume of the profiled shape will be larger than the regular shape, at which time the gas barrier sleeve 2 will be broken by the enlarged volume. Since the folded portions 8, 9, 10 are unfolded when inflated, the volume of the gas barrier sleeve 2 is also increased, thereby ensuring that the gas barrier sleeve 2 is not broken.
  • another method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery is as follows: when the lithium ion battery 1 is damaged, the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery 1 will be discharged from the liquid under the action of the heat of the spark. Turning into a gas causes an increase in volume, and a pressure is generated due to the wrapping action of the gas barrier sleeve 1, and the gas barrier sleeve 2 is broken when the pressure reaches a certain amount.
  • An exhaust pipe 11 is attached to the gas barrier 2
  • an explosion-proof membrane 13 is attached to the tail of the exhaust pipe 11, and an anti-tempering net 12 is attached to the tail.
  • the explosion-proof membrane 13 When the internal pressure of the gas barrier 2 rises to a predetermined value of the explosion-proof membrane 13, the explosion-proof membrane 13 is broken to discharge the gas inside, thereby reducing the pressure of the gas inside the insulation sleeve 2. Since the electrolyte is flammable, if the discharged gas is burned, the tempering net 12 can prevent the fire from entering the gas barrier 2 from the outside.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour empêcher une explosion thermique d'une batterie au lithium-ion. Selon le procédé, la batterie au lithium-ion est placée dans un manchon d'isolation de gaz, et une ligne de sortie d'alimentation électrique est montée sur le manchon d'isolation de gaz pour conduire l'énergie électrique de la batterie au lithium-ion. Selon la présente invention, en plaçant la batterie au lithium-ion dans le manchon d'isolation de gaz, une explosion thermique d'un électrolyte dans la batterie au lithium-ion peut être empêchée en raison du fait que le contact entre la batterie au lithium-ion et l'air est isolé par le manchon d'isolation de gaz en cas de collision ou d'endommagement de la batterie au lithium-ion, ce qui permet d'empêcher efficacement l'explosion thermique de la batterie au lithium-ion. De plus, la présente invention présente une structure simple, une sécurité élevée, et aucune pollution, etc.
PCT/CN2018/102412 2017-09-01 2018-08-27 Procédé pour empêcher une explosion thermique de batterie au lithium-ion WO2019042239A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710777288.7A CN107565078A (zh) 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 一种防止锂离子电池燃烧爆炸的方法
CN201710777288.7 2017-09-01

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WO2019042239A1 true WO2019042239A1 (fr) 2019-03-07

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107565078A (zh) * 2017-09-01 2018-01-09 王武生 一种防止锂离子电池燃烧爆炸的方法
CN111463506A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2020-07-28 上海奇谋能源技术开发有限公司 一种贮存及运输锂离子电池的方法及装置
CN112670642B (zh) * 2021-01-28 2022-07-26 唐山鹏安科技有限公司 一种防爆锂电池电源燃烧时惰性气体保护方法

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CN101010816A (zh) * 2004-10-18 2007-08-01 株式会社Lg化学 采用高强度电池壳的二次电池
CN103168377A (zh) * 2010-11-05 2013-06-19 株式会社Lg化学 具有改善的安全性的二次电池
CN102148397A (zh) * 2011-02-12 2011-08-10 昆明五威科工贸有限公司 一种锂离子电池组安全应用防护系统
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