WO2019042239A1

WO2019042239A1 - Method for preventing combustion explosion of lithium ion battery

Info

Publication number: WO2019042239A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/102412
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王武生
Original assignee: 王武生
Priority date: 2017-09-01
Filing date: 2018-08-27
Publication date: 2019-03-07
Also published as: CN107565078A

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery. According to the method, the lithium ion battery is placed in a gas isolation sleeve, and a power supply outgoing line is mounted on the gas isolation sleeve for leading out the electric energy of the lithium ion battery. According to the present invention, by placing the lithium ion battery in the gas isolation sleeve, combustion explosion of an electrolyte in the lithium ion battery can be prevented due to the fact that contact between the lithium ion battery and air is isolated by the gas isolation sleeve in collision or damage of the lithium ion battery, thereby effectively preventing combustion explosion of the lithium ion battery. Moreover, the present invention has simple structure, high safety, and no pollution, etc.

Description

Method for preventing combustion explosion of lithium ion battery

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of battery safety.

Background technique

Electric vehicles are rapidly developing, but electric vehicles are likely to cause damage to the power battery in the event of a collision, resulting in a burning explosion. For example, an electric vehicle produced by Tesla has exploded immediately after the collision, so that the driver is on the spot. Death accident. Although there are inventions for improving the safety of electric vehicles, for example, the patent application number disclosed by the Chinese Patent Office at 2007.10.31 is CN200610060595.5, and the invention name is "Electrical Vehicle Electrical Insulation Protection Method and Electric Vehicle Front Storage Structure". The patent uses airbag protection measures to protect the electrical components in the front compartment from collisions to avoid damage and leakage due to collisions. Although this method can reduce the risk of failure of electrical components during a collision, the invention does not solve the combustion explosion of the power battery. Therefore, research and development of a method to prevent lithium-ion battery combustion and explosion will greatly improve the safety of lithium batteries, especially electric vehicles, and can effectively protect the safety of drivers and occupants, with important economic and social significance.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above problems and needs in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A method for preventing a combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery is disposed in a gas isolation sleeve, and a power supply lead wire is mounted on the gas isolation sleeve to extract electric energy of the lithium ion battery.

The electrolyte in the current lithium-ion battery is a flammable and explosive material. When the lithium-ion battery is damaged or internally short-circuited, such as an electric vehicle collision, the positive and negative electrodes will generate a spark, which will ignite the electrolyte and cause a combustion explosion. The method currently used is to improve the safety of the lithium ion battery itself, in particular to improve the mechanical strength. However, the service life of lithium-ion batteries is limited, and there are always failures. In particular, electric vehicles cannot avoid collisions during use. In the event of collision, lithium-ion batteries cannot be damaged, which must cause combustion explosions, such as the United States. The electric car produced by SLA has a crash that caused the driver to burn on the spot! The invention places the lithium ion battery in the gas isolation sleeve. When the collision or damage occurs, the lithium ion battery is in contact with the air due to the gas isolation sleeve. Since there is no air, the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery cannot be burned. Explosion, which can effectively prevent the explosion and explosion of lithium-ion batteries.

Preferably, the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a folded portion, and when the folded portion is unfolded, the volume becomes large. Under normal circumstances, the shape of the lithium ion battery is regular, but it will be deformed in the event of a collision, resulting in a large space occupied by the lithium ion battery, so that the gas isolation sleeve will be torn. When the gas barrier sleeve is provided with the folded portion, the lithium ion battery is deformed in the event of a collision, so that the folded portion is unfolded, and the volume inside the gas barrier sleeve is thus increased, thereby preventing the deformed lithium ion battery from tearing the gas barrier sleeve. .

Preferably, the gap between the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery is in a vacuum state. There is a certain gap between the gas isolation sleeve and the lithium ion battery. If there is residual air between the gaps, when the lithium ion battery is damaged (such as when the electric vehicle collides), the lithium ion battery may be burned and exploded due to the presence of air. When the vacuum method is used, the lithium ion battery can be prevented from burning and exploding when it is broken.

Preferably, the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery are filled with an inert gas. There is a certain gap between the gas isolation sleeve and the lithium ion battery. If there is residual air between the gaps, when the lithium ion battery is damaged (such as when the electric vehicle collides), the lithium ion battery may be burned and exploded due to the presence of air. When the inert gas is filled in the gap, the combustion explosion of the lithium ion battery can be avoided. The inert gas described herein refers to an oxygen-free gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.

Preferably, the gas barrier sleeve and the lithium ion battery are filled with a flame retardant liquid. There is a certain gap between the gas isolation sleeve and the lithium ion battery. If there is residual air between the gaps, when the lithium ion battery is damaged (such as when the electric vehicle collides), the lithium ion battery may be burned and exploded due to the presence of air. When the flame retardant liquid is filled in the gap, since there is no oxygen in the gap due to the presence of the flame retardant liquid, the combustion explosion does not occur when the lithium ion battery is broken.

Preferably, the gas barrier sleeve and the lithium ion battery are filled with a buffer material. Because the lithium ion battery will be deformed in the event of a collision, the space occupied by the lithium ion battery will become large, so that the gas barrier will be torn. When the buffer material is filled between the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery, the buffer material is deformed when the volume becomes large, thereby preventing the deformed lithium ion battery from tearing the gas barrier.

Preferably, the gas barrier is made of a ballistic resistant material. Since the lithium ion battery deforms, some parts become sharp and pierce the gas isolation sleeve. When the gas barrier is made of bulletproof material, the strength of the bulletproof material itself is generally five to ten times that of the steel, thereby preventing gas from being isolated. The sleeve is pierced to effectively improve the safety of the lithium ion battery.

As a further preferred embodiment, the ballistic resistant material has a flame retardant function. The anti-ballistic material is treated with a flame retardant function to further improve safety.

Preferably, the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a reinforcing rib, and when the reinforcing rib is installed, the tensile strength of the gas barrier sleeve can be improved, thereby preventing the gas barrier sleeve from being torn when the lithium ion battery is collided and deformed.

Preferably, the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a metal heat conducting member. The lithium-ion battery itself generates a certain amount of heat during operation. The metal heat-conducting member has excellent heat-conducting function, and can quickly transfer the heat inside the gas-insulating sleeve to the outside, thereby further improving the performance and safety of the lithium-ion battery.

Preferably, an exhaust pipe is disposed on the gas barrier, and when the lithium ion battery is damaged by a collision, a large amount of electrolyte gas is generated, and the gas must be discharged. The exhaust pipe is installed on the gas isolation sleeve, and the electrolyte gas can be discharged and recovered through the exhaust pipe to prevent combustion and pollute the environment.

As a further preferred aspect, an explosion-proof membrane is provided at the tail of the exhaust pipe. When the electrolyte is vaporized, a certain pressure is generated. When the pressure reaches a certain value, the explosion-proof membrane is broken to discharge the electrolyte gas. The explosion-proof membrane can prevent the gas inside the gas isolation sleeve from being too high, causing the gas isolation sleeve to rupture, and the pressure of the electrolyte gas can be effectively controlled.

As a further preferred solution, an anti-tempering net is further provided at the tail of the exhaust pipe. Because the discharged electrolyte gas is easy to burn, if the tempering will cause the whole lithium-ion battery to burn and explode, installing the tempering net can prevent the flame from recharging, thereby ensuring that the entire lithium-ion battery will not burn and explode.

Preferably, the angle or/and the sides of the lithium ion battery are arcuate. This configuration can prevent the gas barrier sleeve from being pierced when the lithium ion battery collides and deforms.

As a further preferred solution, the buffer material is wrapped at the corners or/and edges of the lithium ion battery. The cushioning material can prevent the gas barrier sleeve from being pierced when the lithium ion battery collides, thereby improving safety.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant benefits:

1. High safety: When the lithium ion battery collides and breaks, it will not burn and explode, and the safety is high.

2. Less pollution: When the lithium ion battery is damaged, the toxic electrolyte gas inside is enclosed in the gas isolation sleeve, thereby reducing pollution.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for preventing a combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery provided in Embodiment 1.

2 is a schematic structural diagram of another method for preventing a combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery according to Embodiment 3.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

Referring to FIG. 1 , a method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery provided by the embodiment is as follows: a lithium ion battery 1 is disposed in the gas isolation sleeve 2 , and a power supply is mounted on the gas isolation sleeve 2 .

Lines

6 and 7 are used to draw the electrical energy of the lithium ion battery 1. The gap 3 between the gas barrier 2 and the lithium ion battery 1 is filled with nitrogen gas. The positive electrode 4 and the negative electrode 5 of the lithium ion battery 1 can be taken out through the gas barrier 1 through the power

supply lead wires

6 and 7. When a lithium-ion battery 1 has a safety accident, such as a power battery of an electric vehicle in the event of a traffic accident, the lithium-ion battery 1 may be broken to cause a spark between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, but since the gas isolation sleeve 2 is made of a bulletproof material. The strength is more than five times that of the steel, so it will not break during the collision. Since the lithium ion battery 1 is disposed in the gas barrier 2, the air is completely insulated from the lithium ion battery 1. Since the electrolyte liquid in the lithium ion battery 1 has no air, the spark cannot be burned and exploded, thereby effectively protecting the air. The safety of the driver and occupant of the electric car.

Example 2

Referring to FIG. 2, another method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery provided by this embodiment is as follows: the periphery of the gas barrier sleeve 2 has a folded

portion

8, 9, 10 respectively, when the lithium ion battery 1 is damaged and deformed. The lithium ion battery 1 will be changed from a regular shape to a profiled shape, and the volume of the profiled shape will be larger than the regular shape, at which time the gas barrier sleeve 2 will be broken by the enlarged volume. Since the folded

portions

8, 9, 10 are unfolded when inflated, the volume of the gas barrier sleeve 2 is also increased, thereby ensuring that the gas barrier sleeve 2 is not broken.

Example 3

Referring to FIG. 3, another method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery provided by the embodiment is as follows: when the lithium ion battery 1 is damaged, the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery 1 will be discharged from the liquid under the action of the heat of the spark. Turning into a gas causes an increase in volume, and a pressure is generated due to the wrapping action of the gas barrier sleeve 1, and the gas barrier sleeve 2 is broken when the pressure reaches a certain amount. An exhaust pipe 11 is attached to the gas barrier 2, and an explosion-proof membrane 13 is attached to the tail of the exhaust pipe 11, and an anti-tempering net 12 is attached to the tail. When the internal pressure of the gas barrier 2 rises to a predetermined value of the explosion-proof membrane 13, the explosion-proof membrane 13 is broken to discharge the gas inside, thereby reducing the pressure of the gas inside the insulation sleeve 2. Since the electrolyte is flammable, if the discharged gas is burned, the tempering net 12 can prevent the fire from entering the gas barrier 2 from the outside.

Finally, it is pointed out that the above is only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art according to the above aspects of the present invention. All fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

A method for preventing combustion explosion of a lithium ion battery, comprising: a lithium ion battery, wherein: the method comprises: disposing a lithium ion battery in a gas isolation sleeve, and installing a power lead wire on the gas isolation sleeve to The power of the lithium ion battery is taken out.
The method according to claim 1, wherein said gas barrier sleeve is provided with a folded portion, and when the folded portion is opened, the volume becomes large.
The method of claim 1 wherein the gap between the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery is in a vacuum state.
The method of claim 1 wherein the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery are filled with an inert gas.
The method of claim 1 wherein the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery are filled with a flame retardant liquid.
The method of claim 1 wherein the gas barrier and the lithium ion battery are filled with a buffer material.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas barrier is made of a ballistic resistant material.
The method of claim 7 wherein said ballistic resistant material has a flame retardant function.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas barrier sleeve is provided with a reinforcing rib.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas barrier is provided with a metal heat conducting member.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas barrier is provided with an exhaust pipe.
The method of claim 11 wherein an explosion-proof membrane is provided at the tail of said exhaust pipe.
The method of claim 12 wherein an anti-tempering net is further provided at the tail of said exhaust pipe.
The method of claim 1 wherein the corners or/and sides of the lithium ion battery are arcuate.
A method according to claim 1 or claim 14 wherein the buffer material is wrapped at the corners or/and edges of the lithium ion battery.