WO2019021959A1 - 核融合炉、温熱機器、外燃機関、発電装置、及び移動体 - Google Patents
核融合炉、温熱機器、外燃機関、発電装置、及び移動体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019021959A1 WO2019021959A1 PCT/JP2018/027296 JP2018027296W WO2019021959A1 WO 2019021959 A1 WO2019021959 A1 WO 2019021959A1 JP 2018027296 W JP2018027296 W JP 2018027296W WO 2019021959 A1 WO2019021959 A1 WO 2019021959A1
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- deuterium
- heating element
- metal heating
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- gas
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
- G21B3/006—Fusion by impact, e.g. cluster/beam interaction, ion beam collisions, impact on a target
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/15—Particle injectors for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellet injectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nuclear fusion reactor, and more particularly, to a nuclear fusion reactor using channeling phenomenon and nuclear fusion probability increase phenomenon by metal crystal structure, and a technique using the same.
- a tokamak plasma magnetic confinement reactor has been planned as a fusion reactor.
- nuclear reactors that use nuclear fission use water as a coolant, are used as a heat source for steam turbines, and are mainly used for power generation. If a higher temperature nuclear fission reactor can be realized in the future, use a low reactivity gas such as helium as a coolant to operate the closed circuit gas turbine and operate the steam turbine with exhaust heat.
- a low reactivity gas such as helium
- the use of combine cycles is planned.
- These steam turbines and closed circuit gas turbines are external combustion engines, one of which is the Stirling engine.
- a thermoelectric module or the like in which many thermoelectric elements that generate electric power directly from a heat source are combined is also known.
- the fusion reactor of the plasma magnetic confinement type requires a large amount of power input for holding the plasma compared to the amount of heat obtained, and it is extremely difficult to make the power balance positive. Further, there are many difficult problems such as a superconducting magnet for confining ultra-high temperature plasma and an inner wall material in contact with the plasma, and the prospect of practical use has not been made yet.
- 1 H represents light hydrogen
- 3 H represents tritium
- 3 He represents a nucleus of helium having a mass number of 3, which are generated as high energy ion beams Be done.
- n represents a neutron
- ⁇ represents a ⁇ ray. If normal DD fusion occurs, neutrons with high penetrability should be released in large quantities, but in fact, in the above-described electrolytic experiment using palladium, a small amount of heat is generated to generate heat. In some cases, neutrons were observed.
- the biggest problem when claiming that these phenomena are due to the fusion chain reaction is that the reaction nuclear cross section is as small as at most 0.1 b.
- the nucleus travels in the substance as an ion beam, the nucleus has a charge, so it is decelerated due to the stopping power of electrons and nuclei on the substance side, and it travels only a distance of about 10 ⁇ m. I can not Thus, for these reasons, so far, the possibility of a nuclear fusion chain reaction has been eliminated at the theoretical examination stage.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-343344 describes a method for preventing the channeling phenomenon so that ions do not enter too deep during ion implantation in semiconductor manufacturing.
- the channeling phenomenon has the property that the ion beam is concentrated at the portion where the nucleus of interstitial atoms is present.
- the size of the reaction cross section can be made close to the size of the nuclear force zone, which is caused by the reaction nuclear cross section being too small in combination with the channeling phenomenon. Can solve the problem. Also, in the process from formation of binary nuclei to nuclear fusion, most of the fusion energy is converted to heat, so that “mild fusion” can be realized without releasing neutrons and strong ⁇ -rays. it can.
- Li, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Pd and the like are known as metals having the property of easily dissolving hydrogen. Since these metals have higher equilibrium deuterium pressure as the temperature rises, deuterium is discharged as a gas when the temperature rises under the same pressure.
- Pd--H phase diagram and the like that Pd is divided into an ⁇ phase having a low solid solution concentration of hydrogen at 298 ° C. or lower and an ⁇ ′ phase having a high solid solution concentration of hydrogen.
- Pd is divided into the above two phases at 160 ° C. or less, the hydrogen concentration in the ⁇ phase at this time is 5% or less in atomic ratio, and the hydrogen concentration in the ⁇ ′ phase is The atomic ratio is 50% or more.
- Mg, Al, Cr, Mo can be used as a metal to form a solid solution of deuterium.
- W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pt, Cu, Au, etc. are known.
- particle beams include particle beams of alpha particles, electrons, neutrons, protons, etc.
- particle beams having a positive charge excluding positrons have high energy obtained by light nuclei such as hydrogen or helium.
- a proton beam, a deuteron beam, and an alpha ray are respectively ion beams of hydrogen, deuterium, and helium (hereinafter referred to as 1 H, 2 H, and 4 He, respectively). It is a thing.
- an example of the fusion reactor according to the present disclosure includes a container as a furnace body, a metal heating element that solid-solves deuterium contained in the container, and an atom contained in the metal heating element and housed in the container.
- An amount of deuterium gas capable of solid solution of deuterium of 0.005% to 5% by number ratio, and a mechanism of irradiating an ion beam to a metal heating element are provided.
- the metal of the metal heating element does not include amorphous or liquid metal having no crystal structure.
- the nuclear fusion reactor having such a configuration is activated and generates heat when the metal heating element in which deuterium is solid-solved is irradiated with the ion beam in some form.
- the thing (mechanism) which irradiates the ion beam is not particularly limited, and an ion accelerator is mentioned as a typical thing, and radioactive isotopes which emit particle beams in addition thereto, and strong alpha ion beams due to alpha decay. As a thing to radiate, 210 Po etc. are mentioned. In addition, when relatively large doses are not required, it is highly safe to reuse a relatively inexpensive alloy containing depleted uranium or a metal such as americium ( 241 Am) adjacent to a metal heating element. Is possible and reasonable.
- uranium glass As a device to which another ion beam is irradiated, although the ⁇ dose becomes a small amount, as a material generally distributed, uranium glass, a thorium-containing tungsten electrode rod for welding, and the like can be mentioned.
- an ion beam introduction port in which a part of the metal heating element is exposed on the surface of the container also corresponds to “a mechanism for irradiating the metal heating element with the ion beam”. That is, the metal heating element can be irradiated with the ion beam by irradiating the ion beam inlet with the ion beam. In this case, it is preferable to provide an openable lid at the ion beam inlet. Thereby, it is possible to suppress that deuterium diffuses from the ion beam inlet and is released to the atmosphere as a gas.
- a deuterium impervious layer (deuterium diffusion preventing layer) of such a thickness as to transmit the ion beam is provided in the ion beam inlet, the same effect can be obtained, which is preferable.
- inorganic materials such as metals, such as Fe, Cu, W, Cr, Mo, and Al, a clay crystal, etc. are mentioned.
- the metal heating element may be formed by solid solution of 0.0005% to 1% of lithium in atomic ratio in a part or the whole to which the ion beam is supplied.
- the deuterium gas is mixed with the substance that emits the ion beam.
- the gas that emits an ion beam include low-reactive gas that emits alpha rays, and more specifically, radon gas can be exemplified.
- radon gas is contained in the atmosphere or a new building, it is possible to emit an ion beam to deuterium gas, for example, to manufacture a large furnace even if the radon gas is not intentionally mixed in deuterium gas. It is included in "mixing substances".
- a portion on which the substance that emits the ion beam dissolves the lithium when the metal heating element is placed including a mounting table to which the substance that emits the ion beam is attached. It may be configured to be adjacent to
- the lithium may be lithium (mainly composed of 6 Li) mainly containing 6 Li, which is an isotope of lithium.
- the metal heating element may be provided adjacent to and including (for example, implanted) a metal including a substance to be subjected to nuclear conversion.
- the composition may have a device which adjusts the amount of solid solution of deuterium in the metal heating element.
- a device which adjusts the solid solution amount of deuterium the pressure regulator of deuterium gas, a mass flow controller, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the metal heating element is a metal whose equilibrium deuterium pressure becomes higher as the temperature becomes higher, and in the device for adjusting the solid solution amount of the deuterium, the metal heating element is most active in nuclear fusion. It may be adjusted to a solid solution amount smaller than the solid solution amount which causes
- the metal heating element is a metal whose equilibrium deuterium pressure decreases as the temperature rises, and in the device for adjusting the solid solution amount of the deuterium, the metal heating element is most active in nuclear fusion.
- the amount of solid solution may be adjusted to be larger than the amount of solid solution that occurs.
- the metal heating element may have communicating pores formed inside the metal heating element.
- the communicating pores are preferably distributed substantially uniformly inside the metal heating element, and the ends of the communicating pores should be open to the surface of the metal heating element.
- helium gas as a refrigerant of the metal heating element may be mixed in the deuterium gas.
- an apparatus for removing helium from the deuterium gas may be provided.
- a plurality of fusion reactors of each of the above configurations are arranged in series in the flow direction of one cooling medium.
- the fusion reactor of each said structure is used as an example of the thermal apparatus which concerns on this indication as a heat source.
- the object to be heated may be contained or circulated, and a space may be provided so that the heat generated in the fusion reactor is transferred to the object to be heated.
- the fusion reactor of said each structure is used as a heat source.
- a high temperature part including a working medium may be provided, and the working medium in the high temperature part may be configured to generate power by being heated by heat generated in the fusion reactor.
- the fusion reactor of each said structure is used as an example of the electric power generating apparatus which concerns on this indication as a heat source.
- a thermoelectric conversion unit may be provided to convert heat generated in the nuclear fusion reactor into electric power, and the electric power may be generated by the heat generated in the nuclear fusion reactor.
- the fusion reactor further comprises an external combustion engine for converting heat generated in the fusion reactor into power, and a generator for converting the power of the external combustion engine into electric power, the heat generated in the fusion reactor generates the electric power. It may be configured as follows.
- the external combustion engine which used the fusion reactor of said each structure as a heat source is used as an example of the mobile body which concerns on this indication as a motive power source.
- the power generation device which used the fusion reactor of said each structure as a heat source is used as another example of the mobile body which concerns on this indication as an electric power source.
- the metal heating element Since the metal heating element has a crystal structure, a channeling phenomenon occurs, whereby the ⁇ ion beam is deflected between the crystal planes of the metal heating element and interstitial atoms are dissolved in the metal heating element. It is accurately led to the deuterium nucleus. Since the energy of the ⁇ ion beam is large, it crosses the Coulomb barrier of deuterium nucleus which is solid solution as interstitial atom to approach the nucleus, and these nuclei are pulled by nuclear force, and ion inside the metal heating element Make a beam.
- the generated 2 H ion beam is similarly led to the nucleus of deuterium which is an interstitial atom by the channeling phenomenon, so that the two 2 H nuclei are swirled like a binary star, if the amount of energy is appropriate. Form a binary nucleus of each other. Note that if the energy of the generated 2 H ion beam is too small, the Coulomb barrier of the deuterium nucleus can not be exceeded, and if the energy of the generated 2 H ion beam is too large, There is a high possibility that binary nuclei can not be formed because they can not be captured by 2 H nuclear power.
- the binary nucleus thus formed has the same momentum as that of the previous 2 H ion beam forming the binary nucleus, it becomes an ion beam passing through the same channeling path.
- binary nuclei emit magnetic flux lines because 2 H nuclei having positive charges rotate in the same direction. Therefore, when the binary nucleus travels in the metal, an eddy current is generated and a strong stopping power works. As a result, if the concentration of 2 H in the metal heating element is low, the binary nucleus stops without colliding with the 2 H nucleus, takes in the surrounding electrons as the binary nucleus and takes on the crystal structure of the metal heating element as a pseudo atom Fit between the grids in.
- the two nuclei of deuterium which are the charged particles that make up the binary star nucleus, will continue to be accelerated by each other's nuclear forces, so they will gradually lose energy and gradually approach due to bremsstrahlung, eventually The two deuterium nuclei collide with each other to produce nuclear fusion.
- the energy of each alpha ion beam is 11.2 MeV when calculated from the mass change, but part of the energy of the binary nucleus is generated by bremsstrahlung before nuclear fusion occurs. Because it is lost, the energy of each alpha ion beam is about 6.2 MeV lower than the calculated value.
- the newly generated alpha ion beam is again guided to the atomic nucleus of interstitial atoms by the channeling phenomenon, and a large number of ion beams are generated, so that the chain reaction of the above equations (1) to (3) occurs.
- the fusion energy is efficiently generated as heat generation of the metal heating element without generating strong ⁇ ray or neutron beam in the metal crystal nuclear fusion chain reaction represented by (3) It can be taken out.
- the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention utilizes the channeling phenomenon as described above, even if the temperature control becomes impossible due to any abnormality and the temperature rises excessively, the crystal lattice before melting of the metal of the metal heating element As a result, nuclear fusion due to the channeling phenomenon does not occur. Therefore, meltdown of the metal heating element can not occur in principle, and the crystal structure is lost, and the liquid metallized metal is not further heated.
- the irradiated ion beam and the ion beam generated inside the metal heating element are held by the crystal structure of the metal heating element, the power and device for holding the magnetic field become unnecessary, and furthermore, the strong ⁇ ray and neutron Since no lines are generated, the barrier wall can be simplified and radioactive waste is not generated.
- the metal heating element is apt to cause a channeling phenomenon because the chain reaction represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) continues to progress. From this point of view, as the metal heating element, one having a high atomic density and a large specific gravity is advantageous, and one having less lattice defects is advantageous for the same metal.
- the metal heating element is preferably a metal having an fcc or bcc crystal structure in which interstitial atoms exist in a channeling path through which an ion beam subjected to a channeling phenomenon passes.
- the channeling phenomenon in the metal heating element is more likely to occur as the number of deuterium atoms in the interstitial atoms is smaller, if the number of atoms is excessively small, the ion beam will have kinetic energy before reaching the atomic nuclei in the lattice. Tend to lose nuclear fusion. Therefore, in order for the chain reaction represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) to continue, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the amount of solid solution deuterium of the metal heating element.
- two 6.2 MeV 4 He ion beams generated by the reaction of formula (3) are metal heating elements (for example, Ionizing the 2 H nuclei encountered while moving through Pd), and with energy capable of forming binary nuclei while moving the 2 H ion beam through the metal moving body You must meet the 2 H, 4 He, and 6 Li nuclei. Then, although the energy for ionizing the 2 H nucleus is unknown, the distance by which a 6.2 MeV 4 He ion beam can move in, for example, Pd as a metal heating element is about 17 ⁇ m, The presence of one 2 H nucleus per about 5.5 ⁇ m of one channeling path is required.
- the metal heating element since the distance between O sites where deuterium can enter the crystal lattice of Pd is 2.75 ⁇ , the metal heating element must have at least 0.005% of 2 H in atomic ratio. It must be done.
- the deuterium concentration of the metal heating element needs to be in the range of 0.005% to 5% in atomic ratio.
- the chain reaction can be rapidly generated by the simple ion beam supply device. Is preferred.
- an ion beam of 4 He having an energy of 6.2 MeV generated by the reaction of the above formula (3) generates a 2 H ion beam
- one of the deuterium nuclei is a lithium nucleus and a binary nucleus. If the probability of formation is 50% or more, a chain reaction can occur. Therefore, it is preferable that lithium be contained in the metal heating element at a concentration of 0.0025% or more, which is half of the necessary lower limit concentration of deuterium (0.005% described above).
- the effect of accelerating the start of the chain reaction by causing a solid solution of lithium of at least 0.0005% in the portion to be irradiated with the ion beam Can be played.
- the concentration of lithium is preferably about 1 ⁇ 5 of the necessary upper limit concentration of deuterium (5% described above). In view of the above, it is preferable that the lithium concentration is in the range of 0.0005% to 1% in atomic ratio.
- these alpha ion beams generated in the reaction involving Li approach the nuclei of deuterium over the Coulomb barrier, and pull the 2 H nuclei by nuclear force to ionize inside the metal heating element.
- the generated 2 H ion beam causes the reaction of formula (1), and the ⁇ ion beam loses energy and stops and is accumulated in the metal heating body as interstitial He 4 He. If 4 He is accumulated, the reaction of the above formula (2) is also activated to produce 6 Li.
- the ion beam is irradiated to the portion of the metal heating element in which Li is in solid solution. 3) The chain reaction starts. Then, by accumulation of 4 He and 6 Li sequentially from the portion irradiated with the ion beam, the entire metal heating element starts to generate heat.
- a method of dissolving lithium in the metal heating element there is a method of doping the metal heating element with lithium as an ion beam, a solution containing lithium ions is electrolyzed, and lithium is contained from the surface of the metal on the cathode side. There is a way to make it invade.
- the portion of the metal heating element in which lithium is dissolved is made to face deuterium gas, and the deuterium gas is mixed with a substance that emits an ion beam,
- the chain reaction according to the above formulas (1) to (3) can be activated.
- examples of the “substance that emits an ion beam to deuterium gas” include radon gas contained in the atmosphere and a new building, and the larger the furnace is, the higher the possibility of mixing radon gas in the deuterium gas.
- particles with ultra-high energy such as proton beams sometimes mix with cosmic rays, and when such particles enter the atmosphere, they may collide with atoms in the atmosphere to generate a high-energy particle beam.
- the nuclear fusion reactor contains the deuterium concentration in the metal heating element. If it meets the conditions, etc., it will naturally start to heat.
- the metal heating element since the metal heating element has a nuclear transformation function, the produced 6 Li is converted to a heavier nucleon, or the metal atom which has entered as interstitial atoms is nuclear-transformed to accumulate impurity atoms. It will eventually be necessary to replace the metal heating element.
- the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention is provided so that when the metal heating element is placed, a substance that emits an ion beam is attached at a position adjacent to a portion where lithium is dissolved in the metal heating element.
- the provision of the mounting base is preferable because replacement of the metal heating element is facilitated, and in the case where there are a plurality of metal heating elements, all of them can be easily activated at the same time.
- lithium in the natural world is mainly 7 Li
- the amount is small, as shown in the above equation (5), neutron beams with high penetrating power are emitted, so care must be taken in handling. Therefore, when the lithium used in the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention is lithium mainly containing 6 Li, the generation of neutrons is reduced as much as possible, and the handling becomes easy.
- the fusion reactor according to the present invention is particularly advantageous as a small-sized reactor which is difficult to secure the thickness of the barrier.
- the metal heating element is adjacent to a metal containing (for example, implanted) a substance to be subjected to nuclear conversion (hereinafter referred to as "base metal"). It can express nuclear transformation function. That is, by making the base metal adjacent to the metal heating element, the helium nucleus of the alpha ion beam generated by the chain reaction and the nucleus of the substance to be subjected to nuclear transformation are fused to cause nuclear transformation. . If a substance subject to nuclear conversion (nucleated conversion substance) is contained (embedded) in the metal heating element itself, there is a possibility that the chain reaction may be suppressed, so the base metal is adjacent to the metal heating element. Is useful.
- the metal to be the base material may be the same metal as the metal heating element or may be a different metal.
- the material to be subjected to transmutation must be present within a distance (a few ⁇ m or less from the portion where chain reaction occurs) where the ⁇ ion beam passes without losing energy of only about 2 MeV. It is preferable to make the thickness thinner than the distance.
- the material to be subjected to nuclear transformation in the base metal is in the form of “planted”, the material to be subjected to nuclear transformation is dispersed in atomic units so that the ion beam can easily hit. It is preferable because it can be an atom.
- the substance to be subjected to nuclear conversion has the property of forming or accumulating a compound with the base metal, the substance to be subjected to nuclear conversion can be implanted into the base metal as an ion beam.
- the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention includes the device for adjusting the solid solution amount of deuterium of the metal heating element
- the deuterium solid solution amount of the metal heating element can be controlled, so that the output can be controlled. Fusion reactor can be realized.
- the metal heating element a metal having a property that the equilibrium deuterium pressure changes with temperature can be used.
- the output can be suppressed by reducing the solid solution amount of deuterium, and conversely, the interstitial atoms If the characteristic is such that the reaction is suppressed when the number of certain 2 H increases, the output can be suppressed by increasing the solid solution amount of deuterium.
- the metal heating element generates the most active nuclear fusion by using a metal whose equilibrium deuterium pressure increases as the temperature rises as the metal heating element and adjusting the solid solution amount of deuterium.
- the reaction of discharging deuterium is suppressed when the temperature rises, so that the self-regulating function is expressed.
- the device for adjusting the solid solution amount of deuterium is a pressure adjusting device for deuterium gas
- the reaction is suppressed as the temperature of the metal heating element under the same pressure is higher, so the temperature of the metal heating element The effect of being able to make uniform suitably is produced.
- the metal heating element Conversely, a metal whose equilibrium deuterium pressure decreases as the temperature rises is used as the metal heating element, and the apparatus for adjusting the amount of solid solution of deuterium causes the metal heating element to form a solid solution in which nuclear fusion occurs most actively.
- the apparatus for adjusting the amount of solid solution of deuterium causes the metal heating element to form a solid solution in which nuclear fusion occurs most actively.
- the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention it is preferable to form communicating pores inside the metal heating element, since the surface area of the metal heating element can be increased and the discharge of 4 He gas can be promoted by diffusion.
- 4 He by fusion chain reaction described above is generated, since the 4 He became excessively progressed reactions may interfere with channeling phenomenon as lattice defects, fusion chain reaction is suppressed.
- 4 He has a slower diffusion rate than 2 H and tends to stay in the metal heating body. Therefore, the formation of communicating pores inside the metal heating element can activate the chain reaction in the metal heating element and keep the calorific value high.
- the metal heating element supplies the deuterium gas. It is preferable because it can realize a mixed gas furnace that receives and is cooled at the same time. In this case, as described above, since the deuterium gas is consumed in the metal heating element and the generated helium gas is released, the helium gas is mixed with the deuterium gas in the container, and as a result, the deuterium gas Partial pressure decreases.
- the nuclear fusion reactor when the apparatus for removing helium from deuterium gas in the container is provided, excess helium gas can be removed from the deuterium gas, and the calorific value can be kept high. It is preferable because a fusion reactor that can be realized is realized, and application to the mixed gas reactor is also effective.
- the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention is a nuclear fusion reactor in which a plurality of nuclear fusion reactors equipped with a device for adjusting the pressure of deuterium with respect to one refrigerant are arranged in series in the flow direction, individual nuclei It is preferable because each deuterium solid solution amount of the fusion reactor can be individually controlled. In this case, since the temperature of the refrigerant rises as the refrigerant exchanges heat with the fusion reactor in order, the load is equalized by adjusting the temperatures of the individual fusion reactors in stages. To increase the power output of the fusion reactor as a whole and to achieve a long life.
- the thermal apparatus using the fusion reactor according to the present invention as a heat source has a very small amount of radiation having a high penetrating power such as neutrons and ⁇ -rays, and the shielding is easy, the operation is easy, and the danger of meltdown It is also possible to reduce residual radioactive materials.
- simplification and miniaturization are easy, and it can be used as various heating devices, such as a heat source of an industrial plant, a heat source for power generation, a heat source for motive power, and a heat source for household use.
- the external combustion engine using the fusion reactor according to the present invention as a heat source can miniaturize the furnace body, and can be used as a heat source of a small external combustion engine such as a Stirling engine. Also, by using a material with high heat resistance, it can be used as a high temperature heat source, and a steam turbine using a once-through boiler without a steam / water separator, a combine cycle using helium gas as a refrigerant, etc. It can be used as an external combustion engine that has a thermal efficiency higher than that of a reactor centered on a boiling water type.
- the power generation apparatus using the fusion reactor according to the present invention as a heat source can be utilized as a microminiature power generation apparatus by combining with a thermoelectric module or the like because the metal heating element generates heat even when coin size is used.
- the fusion reactor according to the present invention can be miniaturized, and can easily cope with load fluctuations, so it is also suitable as a heat source for moving bodies with load fluctuations. Therefore, the mobile unit using the external combustion engine according to the present invention as a power source can be used as a mobile unit including large vessels and small ones such as general vessels, general vehicles and robots.
- the mobile unit using the power generation device according to the present invention as the power source is easy to simplify and downsize, it can also be used for small mobile units such as general vessels, general vehicles and robots. Therefore, a mobile unit using the power generation apparatus according to the present invention as an electric power source is different from a mobile unit equipped with a generator using a conventional nuclear reactor as a heat source, which is substantially only used for military vessels. It can be said that the range of use is wide.
- Partial cross-sectional view of a thermal mug (Example 1) Front view of a power generation apparatus (Example 2) Side view of power generation apparatus (Example 2) Front view of robot (Example 2) Front view of a once-through boiler (Example 3) Side sectional view of a once-through boiler (Example 3) Front enlarged partial sectional view of a once-through boiler (Example 3) Deuterium pressure control system in fusion reactor of once-through boiler (Example 3) System diagram of a power generation system using a once-through boiler (Example 3) Drive system diagram of a ship equipped with a once-through boiler (Example 3) Front view of high temperature gas furnace (Example 4) Left side view of high temperature gas reactor (Example 4) Bottom view of high temperature gas furnace (Example 4) Enlarged sectional view of the peripheral portion of the ion beam inlet of the high temperature gas reactor (Example 4) Deuterium pressure control system of high temperature gas reactor (example 4) System
- this embodiment for carrying out the present invention is explained in detail using an example, the present invention is not limited to this, The range which does not deviate from the gist Various modifications are possible.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of a thermal apparatus using a nuclear fusion reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention as a heat source.
- a thermal mug 100 as a thermal device includes the fusion reactor 1 attached to the bottom of a heat-insulating mug provided with a thermal insulation layer 110.
- a palladium plate 2 as a metal heating element is attached to the inner surface of a vessel 4 as a furnace body provided between the inner tank and the outer layer of the thermal mug 100.
- a small amount of 6 Li is solid-solved on the lower surface side of the palladium plate 2.
- the fusion reactor 1 starts generating heat as a mixed gas 3R of deuterium and a small amount of radon is enclosed in the fusion reactor 1 at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, when mixed gas 3R is put in fusion reactor 1 at the time of shipment, it is desirable to ship in the state where the whole mug 100 was covered with the heat insulating material.
- the palladium plate 2 tends to take in deuterium gas as the temperature decreases, the temperature is lowered and the fusion chain reaction is activated to increase the calorific value, thereby keeping the warm drink 130 at a stable temperature.
- the nuclear fusion reactor 1 is a heat source, and can itself be said to correspond to an example of a "thermal device".
- FIG.2 and FIG.3 is the front view and side view of an example of an external combustion engine and an electric power generating apparatus which respectively used the fusion reactor which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention as a heat source.
- the cross section in FIG. 3 shows the ZZ cross section in FIG. 2, and the cross section in FIG. 2 shows the YY cross section in FIG.
- the power generation device 60A uses a ⁇ -type Stirling engine 200 as an external combustion engine equipped with the fusion reactor 1.
- the power generation apparatus 60A can be said to correspond to an example of a "thermal device" in that the fusion reactor 1 is used as a heat source.
- the fusion reactor 1 constitutes the high temperature chamber of the Stirling engine 200, and the heat exchange piston 242 moves up and down in the container 4 so that the internal volume of the high temperature chamber changes. doing. Further, as a working gas of the Stirling engine 200, a mixed gas 3C of helium and deuterium is introduced into the high temperature chamber.
- the nuclear fusion reactor 1 of the present embodiment functions as a mixed gas reactor 600 by the mixed gas 3C supplying deuterium to the tantalum plate 2 as a metal heating element in the nuclear fusion reactor 1 and performing cooling as well.
- the tantalum plate 2 is resiliently attached to the lid 4C side of the container 4 through the uranium glass 20 which is the four ion beam emitters by the four support arms 4a integrated with the part 4B of the container 4 It is pressed (biased).
- a small amount of 6 Li is solid-solved on the upper surface side of the tantalum plate 2, and the uranium glass 20 is intentionally manufactured such that uranium gravity segregates on the lower surface side.
- the container 4 also corresponds to an example of the “high temperature section”
- the mixed gas 3C also corresponds to an example of the “working medium”.
- the heat exchange piston 242 is in communication with the low temperature chamber 222 through a gas passage 201 provided at the lower part thereof.
- the low temperature chamber 222 is configured to change its volume by the power piston 221, and is cooled by the cooling fin 241.
- crank holder 250 is provided integrally with the container 4, and a crankshaft 210 supported by the crank holder 250 rotates counterclockwise in FIG.
- the power piston 221 and the heat exchange piston 242 are connected to crank pins 211 attached to the crankshaft 210 by connecting rods 233 and 243, respectively, and reciprocate in phases different from each other by 90 degrees.
- the heat exchange piston 242 since the heat exchange piston 242 is located at the top dead center, the volume on the low temperature side below the heat exchange piston 242 in the high temperature chamber is increased.
- the power piston 221 in the state shown in FIG. 2 can move in the left direction in the drawing with light force.
- the pressure of the mixed gas 3C changes by about three times every one rotation.
- the deuterium partial pressure also changes accordingly, the diffusion rate of deuterium in the tantalum plate 2 is not so fast as to follow the fluctuation of the deuterium pressure, so the deuterium concentration in the tantalum plate 2 is the average weight It becomes almost equal to the hydrogen partial pressure.
- a pair of taper rings 214 is provided between the crankshaft 210 and the flywheel 215, and by tightening the nut 218, the crankshaft 210 and the flywheel 215 are integrally fixed.
- a magnet 216 is attached to the flywheel 215, and an output of the Stirling engine 200 is converted into electric power by a generator 60 disposed opposite to the magnet 216.
- the output control of the Stirling engine 200 in a short time can be performed by the generator 60 controlling its own rotational speed.
- the Stirling engine 200 has an output of 0 if it is stopped, and is activated by the generator 60 becoming a magnet according to the rotational direction of the flywheel 215. If the temperature of the fusion reactor 1 is stable, the Stirling engine 200 that has started to rotate generates substantially constant torque, so the power generation device 60A generates power substantially proportional to the number of rotations.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of an example of a mobile using the power generation apparatus according to the present invention as a power source.
- the two-legged walking robot 80 as a mobile body includes a power generation device 60A mounted inside the body of the robot.
- a cooling air intake 81 is provided in the left flank, and exhaust air for exhaust heat at a position corresponding to the mouth.
- a mouth 82 is provided.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the XX cross section in FIG. 5
- FIG. 7 is a WW cross section in FIG.
- the once-through boiler 400 includes a fusion reactor 1A in which a total of five fusion reactors 1a to 1e are arranged in series. During the operation of once-through boiler 400, these fusion reactors 1a to 1e have their temperature sequentially increased, so deuterium gas 3 of five different pressures is supplied to each of fusion reactors 1a to 1e. .
- the fusion reactors 1a to 1e discharge gas inlets 31a to 31e to which deuterium gas 3 at different pressures are supplied, respectively, and deuterium gas 3 containing helium gas as a product of the fusion reaction. Gas outlets 33a to 33e.
- the cross-flow boiler 400 can be said to correspond to an example of the “thermal device” in that the fusion reactor 1A in which the fusion reactors 1a to 1e are arranged in series is used as a heat source.
- a water pipe 4d integrally formed with the wall 4 penetrating the fusion reactors 1a to 1e is provided, and on the inside, a water channel 40 having a spiral groove is formed. There is.
- the outer diameter portion of the water pipe 4d in the fusion reactors 1a to 1e is wrapped with a nickel pipe 2 formed in a fin shape in a spiral shape.
- the nickel tube 2 contains a trace amount of lithium, and the end of the vessel 4 as the furnace body and the end of the nickel tube 2 are in contact via the stainless washer 20 as shown in the enlarged view in the upper right circle of FIG.
- the stainless steel washer 20 is thinly stretched one in which a uranium alloy of an ion beam emitting material is sandwiched between stainless steels, and the surface thereof is coated with CaO, whereby welding is prevented.
- deuterium gas 3 when deuterium gas 3 is supplied into the nuclear fusion reactors 1a to 1e, deuterium forms a solid solution in the nickel tube 2, whereby heat generation starts and the water supply port 41
- the water flowing therein is heated in the water channel 40, and the generated steam is discharged from the steam outlet 42.
- the water channel 40 corresponds to an example of the “high temperature portion”
- the water flowing through the water channel 40 corresponds to an example of the “cooling medium” and the “working medium”.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of a deuterium pressure control system in the fusion reactor 1A of the once-through boiler 400.
- the deuterium gas is supplied to each of the fusion reactors 1a to 1e from the deuterium cylinder 30 through the pressure reducing valve 34 or from the reserve tank 39.
- the supply pressure of deuterium gas 3 to each of the fusion reactors 1a to 1e is higher than the internal pressure of the reserve tank, and a compression pump is provided on the gas inlet 31 side of each of the fusion reactors 1a to 1e.
- 36a to 36e are provided, and pressure regulators 35a to 35e as devices for adjusting the amount of solid solution of deuterium are provided on the gas outlet 33 side.
- the pressure of the deuterium gas 3 supplied to each of the fusion reactors 1a to 1e is appropriately adjusted with respect to the temperature of each of the fusion reactors 1a to 1e. Further, the deuterium gas 3 containing helium discharged from each pressure regulator 35a to 35e is collectively sent by the compression pump 37 to the deuterium permeation device 38, and separated into deuterium and helium. The deuterium gas 3 that has permeated the deuterium permeation device 38 is returned to the reserve tank 39, and the separated and concentrated helium gas is pumped by the pump 471 and accumulated in the helium gas cylinder 470.
- FIG. 9 is a system diagram of a power generation device 60A using the once-through boiler 400.
- the steam discharged from the steam outlet 42 drives the steam turbine 45 through the steam conduit 47, and the output of the steam turbine 45 is converted to electric power by the generator 61.
- the steam that has passed through the steam turbine 45 is introduced into the cooler 48 and liquefied.
- the water that has become liquid in the cooler 48 is pressurized by the high pressure pump 49 and supplied to the once-through boiler 400 again from the water supply port 41.
- FIG. 10 is a drive system diagram of the ship 90 equipped with the once-through boiler 400.
- the ship 90 as a moving body obtains propulsive force by decelerating the driving force of the steam turbine 45 connected to the once-through boiler 400 by the reduction gear 91 and rotating the screw 92.
- FIG. 11, 12, and 13 are respectively a front view, a left side view, and a bottom view of a nuclear fusion reactor in which a plurality of nuclear fusion reactors according to the present invention are arranged in series.
- 12 shows the VV cross section of FIG. 11, and the cross section in FIG. 11 shows the TT cross section of FIG.
- the fusion reactor 1A is bilaterally symmetrical in the front view of FIG. 11, and the members attached with R and the members attached with L are in symmetrical positions with respect to each other, so some reference numerals are omitted.
- the gas inlet 31eL and the conduit 32gR are at the target position and appear to overlap in FIG. 12 of the left side view.
- the fusion reactor 1A constitutes a high temperature gas reactor 500, and comprises a total of 23 fusion reactors. Since these fusion reactors have higher temperatures as they are provided at the upper side, deuterium gas 3 at five different pressures from each other is supplied to five or four fusion reactors, respectively.
- deuterium gas 3 flowing from the gas inlets 31aL and 31aR is supplied to the nuclear fusion reactors 1aL, 1aR, 1b, 1cL and 1cR through the conduits 32aL, 32aR, 32bL and 32bR.
- deuterium gas 3 having a common pressure is supplied to these five nuclear fusion reactors.
- deuterium gas 3 containing helium gas which is a product of a fusion reaction, is discharged from gas outlets 33aL and 33aR.
- the high temperature gas reactor 500 can be said to correspond to an example of a "thermal device" in that the fusion reactor 1A is used as a heat source.
- Each fusion reactor is compressed and is cooled by the gas flowing from the gas inlet 521 and flowing in the gas passage 50, and the high temperature gas flows out from the gas outlet 522.
- the gas path 50 of each fusion reactor is defined by the wall 4, and the metal heating element 2 is provided along the wall 4 in the deuterium gas flow path, and the heat generation of the metal heating element is thus achieved.
- the temperature of the fusion reactors 1aL, 1aR, 1b, 1cL and 1cR arranged at the top is the highest, so for example, gold is used for the metal heating element 2 of these fusion reactors
- palladium is used for the metal heating element 2 of nuclear fusion reactors other than them.
- the gas passage 50 corresponds to an example of the “high temperature portion”
- the gas flowing through the gas passage 50 corresponds to an example of the “cooling medium” and the “working medium”.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a peripheral portion of the ion beam inlet 10 in the UU portion of FIG.
- One ion beam inlet 10 is provided on the back of the vessel 4 of each fusion reactor.
- the ion beam inlet 10 and the metal heating element 2 are separated by a thin deuterium diffusion prevention layer 12, and the ion beam inlet 10 is sealed by a lid 14. It is suppressed that deuterium is released to the outside.
- the fusion reactor can be started by opening the lid 14, inserting an ion accelerator into the ion beam inlet 10, and evacuating the inside of the ion beam inlet 10 to supply an ion beam.
- a substance that emits a strong ⁇ ion beam for example, 210 Po may be inserted into the ion beam inlet 10.
- a small amount of lithium may be solid-solved in the whole of the metal heating element 2.
- an ion beam emitting substance such as 241 Am which is easy to handle is inserted into the ion beam inlet 10 to diffuse deuterium. By bringing it close to the prevention layer 12, each fusion reactor can be started to start heat generation.
- FIG. 15 is a deuterium pressure control system diagram of the fusion reactor 1A constituting the high temperature gas reactor 500.
- the deuterium gas 3 is supplied to each fusion reactor from the deuterium cylinder 30 through the pressure reducing valve 34 or from the reserve tank 39.
- the supply pressure of deuterium gas 3 to each fusion reactor in which the metal heating element 2 made of palladium is used is lower than the internal pressure of the reserve tank, and the solid solution amount of deuterium at each gas inlet 31 side
- Pressure regulators 35b to 35e are provided as devices for adjusting the pressure, and compression pumps 36b to 36e are provided on the side of each gas outlet 33. With this configuration, the pressure of deuterium gas 3 supplied to each fusion reactor is properly adjusted to the temperature of each fusion reactor.
- the compression pump 36a is provided on the gas inlet 31 side and the gas outlet 33 side.
- a pressure regulator 35a is provided to properly adjust the pressure of the deuterium gas 3 supplied.
- the deuterium gas 3 containing helium discharged from the pressure regulator 35a and the compression pumps 36b to 36e is sent to the deuterium permeation device 38 and separated into deuterium and helium.
- the deuterium gas 3 that has permeated the deuterium permeation device 38 is returned to the reserve tank 39, and the separated and concentrated helium gas is pumped by the pump 471 and accumulated in the helium gas cylinder 470.
- FIG. 16 is a system diagram of a power generation device 60A using a high temperature gas furnace 500.
- the high temperature gas discharged from the gas outlet 522 drives the gas turbine 55 through the gas passage 50 and is introduced into the heat exchanger 58.
- the gas cooled by the heat exchanger 58 is pressurized by the compressor 56 and returned to the high temperature gas furnace 500 through the gas inlet 521.
- the water heated by the heat exchanger 58 becomes steam, and after driving the steam turbine 45 through the steam conduit 47, it is introduced into the cooler 48 and liquefied.
- the water that has become liquid in the cooler 48 is pressurized by the high pressure pump 49 and supplied to the heat exchanger 58 again.
- the output of the gas turbine 55 and the output of the steam turbine 45 are converted into electric power by the respective generators 60 and 61.
- the power generation device 60A can be said to correspond to an example of the "thermal device” in that the fusion reactor 1A is used as a heat source.
- FIG. 17 is a drive system diagram of a ship 90 equipped with a power generation apparatus 60A using a high temperature gas furnace 500.
- the ship 90 as a moving body transmits the power from the generators 60 and 61 to the control device 94 through the power transmission line 96 and drives the electric motor 93 to turn the screw 92 to obtain propulsive force.
- the surplus power is stored in the battery 95 to cover the power consumption in the ship 90 and is complementarily used as power when accelerating when the ship 90 moves.
- FIG. 18 and 19 are a front sectional view and a plan sectional view of an example of a fusion reactor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along the line RR in FIG. 19
- FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along the line SS in FIG.
- the nuclear fusion reactor 1 constitutes a mixed gas furnace 600 using a mixed gas 3C of deuterium and helium, and a plurality of nuclear reactors are provided in the space defined by the vessel 4 as the furnace body and its lid 4C.
- a stair mount 630 is housed.
- the mounting table 630 is installed so that the six disk-shaped metal heating elements 2 in the form of six per one stage (a total of 72 in a total of 12 stages) can be easily removed.
- the mounting base 630 is fixed with the same number of depleted uranium alloys 20 which are ion beam emitting materials so as to be adjacent to the respective metal heating elements 2.
- the depleted uranium alloy 20 is drawn in a semicircular shape in the drawing, it is actually in the form of a thin plate, and one surface thereof is provided in close contact with the metal heating element 2.
- the mixed gas reactor 600 can be said to correspond to an example of a "thermal device" in that the fusion reactor 1 is used as a heat source.
- the low temperature refrigerant gas flowing from the gas inlet 521 is distributed from the low temperature gas chamber 610 to each distribution port 611 and introduced into the six distribution paths 612, and each distribution path 612
- the gas chamber 520 is fed from the 13 nozzles 613 installed in the vertical direction in FIG.
- the nozzles 613 prevent the refrigerant gas on the upper and lower surfaces of the metal heating elements 2 from staying in the gas chamber 520.
- the direction and position are determined so as to form a clockwise swirling flow. For example, in FIG.
- the nozzle 613 located on the right side of the nuclear fusion reactor 1 has a spray portion of refrigerant gas drawn, and the nozzle 613 located on the left side of the nuclear fusion reactor 1 has a cross section of the distribution passage 612 The shape is drawn.
- the high temperature refrigerant gas flows into the high temperature gas chamber 620 from the high temperature gas exhaust port 621 opened in the cylindrical column positioned at the center of the installation table 630, and is discharged from the gas outlet 522.
- the gas chamber 520 and the high temperature gas chamber 620 correspond to an example of the “high temperature portion”
- the refrigerant gas corresponds to an example of the “working medium”.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view of the metal heating element 2 alone in the mixed gas furnace 600
- FIG. 21 is a QQ enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion P in FIG.
- the metal heating element 2 of this example is made of tantalum containing a small amount of lithium, and is formed by sintering spherical particles having a size of about 0.5 mm to a low density.
- the metal heating element 2 has a large number of pores, and the communication pores 640 in which the pores are continuous are formed, so that there is an advantage that the helium generated inside the metal heating element 2 can be easily discharged to the outside.
- FIG. 22 is a system diagram of a power generation device 60A using a mixed gas furnace 600.
- the high temperature mixed gas 3 C discharged from the mixed gas furnace 600 is cooled by the heat exchanger 58 through the gas path 50 and returned to the mixed gas furnace 600 again by the blower 57.
- the water heated by the heat exchanger 58 becomes steam, and after driving the steam turbine 45 through the steam conduit 47, it is introduced into the cooler 48 and liquefied.
- the water that has become liquid in the cooler 48 is pressurized by the high pressure pump 49 and supplied to the heat exchanger 58 again.
- the output of the steam turbine 45 is converted by the generator 61 into electric power.
- the power generation device 60A can be said to correspond to an example of the "thermal device" in that the fusion reactor 1 is used as a heat source.
- the partial pressure of deuterium contained in the mixed gas 3C is measured by the deuterium partial pressure gauge 51 attached to the gas passage 50 on the low temperature side. Based on the measurement result, when the partial pressure of deuterium in the mixed gas 3C is insufficient, the amount of deuterium gas decompressed from the deuterium cylinder 30 through the pressure reducing valve 34 The deuterium gas is compressed by the pump 36 and supplied to the gas passage 50 by the mass flow controller 661 as an adjusting device.
- the deuterium permeation device 38 when the generated helium increases and the pressure of the mixed gas 3C increases, a part of the mixed gas 3C is sent to the deuterium permeation device 38 through the constant pressure control valve 650 and separated into deuterium and helium Be done.
- the deuterium that has permeated the deuterium permeator 38 is compressed by the pump 36 through the conduit 32, combined with the deuterium gas from the mass flow controller 661, and returned to the gas path 50.
- the helium separated and concentrated by the deuterium permeation device 38 is pumped by a pump 471 and accumulated in a helium gas cylinder 470.
- FIG. 23 is a partially enlarged view corresponding to a portion P in FIG. 20 of another example of metal heating element 2 in mixed gas furnace 600.
- the metal heating element 2 of the present embodiment is obtained by planarly bundling, compressing and sintering a tantalum wire of a certain length containing a small amount of lithium.
- the gaps between the wires are formed as the straight communicating pores 640 as they are.
- FIG. 24 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 21 of still another example of the metal heating element 2 in the mixed gas furnace 600.
- the metal heating element 2 of this embodiment a 1.5 ⁇ m layer of palladium is formed by plating on the surface of spherical particles made of tantalum, and the base metal 2b in which a nuclear conversion material is implanted is formed in the layer.
- the structure is the same as that of the metal heating element 2 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG.
- the base metal 2b is melted, and the material subjected to nuclear transformation and the remaining nucleus conversion material are recovered. Can.
- 25 and 26 are a side view and a front cross-sectional view, respectively, of another example of a power generation apparatus using the fusion reactor according to the present invention as a heat source.
- the right side portion of the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 26 shows the NN cross section in FIG. 25, and the left side portion of the same dashed dotted line shows the NN 2 cross section in FIG.
- the power generation device 60B is a combination of the fusion reactor 1 and the thermoelectric module 750.
- the electric fan 740 is provided at the top of the power generation device 60 B, and the air taken in through the inlet 745 cools the cooling fins 731 and exhausts from the discharge port 746 provided in the upper portion 742 of the electric fan 740. Be done.
- the heat insulation container 770 is provided in the lower part of the electric power generating apparatus 60B so that the fusion reactor 1 may be enclosed.
- Four heat pipes 730 (eight in total) juxtaposed to each other are provided on the upper front and upper rear surfaces of the lid 771 of the heat insulation container 770, and a guide plate 771s is disposed adjacent to them. .
- the power generation device 60B can be said to correspond to a "thermal device” in that the fusion reactor 1 is used as a heat source.
- the thermoelectric module 750 corresponds to an example of a "thermoelectric conversion part.”
- a deuterium storage box 780 in which the deuterium storage material 781 is accommodated is installed.
- the fusion reactor 1 and the deuterium storage box 780 are connected by the deuterium gas conduit 32, and when the deuterium is consumed, the deuterium storage material 781 discharges the deuterium gas, so that the inside of the fusion reactor 1 is The partial pressure of deuterium gas is stably maintained.
- thermoelectric module 750 is disposed between the nuclear fusion reactor 1 and the electric fan 740, and is installed on the upper surface of the vessel 4 in the nuclear fusion reactor 1 via the insulating film 760.
- a total of eight heat pipes 730 are attached to the top surface of the thermoelectric module 750 via the insulating film 760.
- the side surface of the heat pipe 730 is drawn on the right side of the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 26, and the heat pipe 730 is drawn on the left side in cross section.
- wicks 733 in which metal thin wires are crossed and stacked are provided, and the wicks 733 are immersed in the working fluid.
- the presence of the wick 733 causes the hydraulic fluid to contact the entire bottom surface of the heat pipe 730 even if the device is slightly inclined, and the hydraulic fluid is vaporized here. Further, when the fan 747 is rotated by the motor 741 of the electric fan 740, air is sucked from the inlet 745 and passes between the cooling fins 731 to cool the upper portion of the heat pipe 730. The vaporized working fluid is cooled and liquefied at this portion and adheres to the inner wall 735 of the heat pipe 730, and further, along the thread-like portion erected from near the center of the wick 733, the bottom of the heat pipe 730 Fall down.
- FIG. 27 is a plan cross-sectional view of the nuclear fusion reactor 1 alone in the power generation apparatus 60B, and shows an MM cross section in FIG.
- a deuterium gas 3 is contained in a container 4 as a furnace body in the fusion reactor 1, and a nickel plate 2 as a metal heating element is attached to the inner upper surface of the container 4.
- a nickel plate 2 as a metal heating element is attached to the inner upper surface of the container 4.
- nine ion beam emitters, americium 20 are attached in a gold foil.
- 6 Li is solid-solved on the lower surface side of the nickel plate 2 and heat generation is started by injecting deuterium gas 3 into the nuclear fusion reactor 1.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the thermoelectric module 750 in the power generation device 60B.
- the thermoelectric module 750 includes eight pairs of p-type thermoelectric elements 751 and n-type thermoelectric elements 752, and the respective elements are connected in series by conductors 753 and 754. Both ends of the element thus connected are connected to conductors 755 and 756 for extracting electric power to the outside.
- FIG. 29 is a partially open plan view of the power generation device 60B.
- the electric fan 740 is omitted, and the four heat pipes 730 below are opened and drawn.
- the cooling fins 731 occupy most of the volume, and the space in the inner wall 735 is narrowed.
- the nuclear fusion reactor According to the nuclear fusion reactor according to the present invention, no plasma magnetic field confinement device is required, and no ⁇ -ray or neutron beam is emitted, and unlike the nuclear reactor using conventional nuclear fission, there is a possibility of resource exhaustion. In addition, it has low radioactivity, is easy to control, is safe, and can realize an inexpensive fusion reactor from small to large reactors. Therefore, the present invention can be widely used in various industrial fields related to energy sources, heat sources, power sources, and power sources, and devices, systems, and methods using them.
- palladium Plate nickel tube, nickel plate, tantalum plate (metal heating element), 2b: metal in which a substance to be subjected to nuclear transformation is implanted (base metal), 3: deuterium gas, 3C: mixed gas of helium and deuterium (Operating medium), 3R: mixed gas of radon and deuterium, 4: container as a furnace body (high temperature part), 4a: support arm, 4B: part of container, 4C: lid as container, 4d: water pipe, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Ion beam inlet, 12 ... Deuterium diffusion prevention layer, 14 ... Lid, 20 ...
- Gas outlet 34 Pressure reducing valve 35, 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d, 35e: pressure regulator (device for adjusting the solid solution amount of deuterium), 36: pump, 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 37: compression pump, 38: deuterium transmission device, 39: reserve Tank 40 40 water channel (high temperature section) 41 water supply port 42 steam outlet 45 steam turbine 47 steam conduit 48 cooler high pressure pump 50 high pressure pump 50 high temperature section 51 ... Deuterium partial pressure gauge, 55 ... gas turbine, 56 ... compressor, 57 ... blower, 58 ... heat exchanger, 60, 61 ... generator, 60A, 60B ... power generation device (thermal equipment), 80 ...
- helium gas cylinder 471 ... pump, 500 ... high temperature gas Furnace (thermal equipment), 520: gas chamber (high temperature part), 521: gas inlet, 522: gas outlet, 600: mixed gas furnace (thermal equipment), 610: low temperature gas chamber, 611: distribution port, 612: distribution Path, 613 ... nozzle, 620 ... high temperature gas chamber (high temperature part) 621 ... high temperature gas outlet, 630 ... installation stand, 640 ... communicating pore, 650 ... constant pressure control valve, 661 ...
- thermoelectric module thermoelectric conversion part
- 751 ... p type thermoelectric element 752 ... n type thermoelectric element, 753, 754, 755, 756 ... conductor, 760 ... disconnected Film
- 770 ... insulated container 771 ... lid, 771s ... guide plate, 780 ... deuterium storage box, 781 ... deuterium storage material.
Abstract
Description
(A)2H+2H→3H(1MeV)+1H(3MeV) :50%
(B)2H+2H→3He(0.8MeV)+n(2.5MeV) :50%
(C)2H+2H→4He+γ(23.8MeV) :10-5%
2H+2H→4He …(1)
2H+4He→6Li …(2)
2H+6Li→4He(6.2MeV)+4He(6.2MeV) …(3)
2H+7Li→4He(7.9MeV以下)+5He(6.3MeV以下) …(4)
5He→4He(0.18MeV)+n(0.71MeV) …(5)
4 2He+99 43Tc→103 45Rh …(6)
4 2He+93 40Zr→97 42Mo …(7)
Claims (18)
- 炉体としての容器と、
前記容器内に収容された重水素を固溶する金属発熱体と、
前記容器内に収容され、かつ、前記金属発熱体に原子数比で0.005%から5%の重水素を固溶させることができる量の重水素ガスと、
前記金属発熱体にイオンビームを照射する機構と、を備える核融合炉。 - 前記金属発熱体は、前記イオンビームの供給を受ける部分又は全体に原子数比で0.0005%から1%のリチウムを固溶させたものである、請求項1の核融合炉。
- 前記金属発熱体は、前記リチウムを固溶させた部分が前記重水素ガスに対面しており、
前記重水素ガスに、前記イオンビームを放射する物質が混入されている、請求項2の核融合炉。 - 前記イオンビームを放射する物質が取り付けられた設置台を備え、
前記金属発熱体が載置された場合に、前記イオンビームを放射する物質が前記リチウムを固溶させた部分に隣接する、請求項2の核融合炉。 - 前記リチウムが6Liを主として含む、請求項2から4のいずれかの核融合炉。
- 前記金属発熱体に隣接され、かつ、核変換が施される物質を含む金属を備える、請求項1から5のいずれかの核融合炉。
- 前記金属発熱体における重水素の固溶量を調整する装置を備える、請求項1から6のいずれかの核融合炉。
- 前記金属発熱体は、温度が高くなるほど平衡重水素圧が高くなる金属であり、
前記重水素の固溶量を調整する装置は、前記金属発熱体が最も活発に核融合を生起する固溶量よりも少ない固溶量に調整する、請求項7の核融合炉。 - 前記金属発熱体は、温度が高くなるほど平衡重水素圧が低くなる金属であり、
前記重水素の固溶量を調整する装置は、前記金属発熱体が最も活発に核融合を起こす固溶量よりも多い固溶量に調整する、請求項7の核融合炉。 - 前記金属発熱体は、当該金属発熱体の内部に形成された連通気孔を有する、請求項1から9のいずれかの核融合炉。
- 前記重水素ガスに、前記金属発熱体の冷媒としてのヘリウムガスが混入されている、請求項1から10のいずれかの核融合炉。
- 前記重水素ガスからヘリウムを除去する装置を備える、請求項1から11のいずれかの核融合炉。
- 一の冷却媒体の流れ方向に請求項7の核融合炉が直列に複数配置される核融合炉。
- 請求項1から13のいずれかの核融合炉が熱源として用いられる温熱機器。
- 請求項1から13のいずれかの核融合炉が熱源として用いられる外燃機関。
- 請求項1から13のいずれかの核融合炉が熱源として用いられる発電装置。
- 請求項15の外燃機関が動力源として用いられる移動体。
- 請求項16の発電装置が電力源として用いられる移動体。
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KR1020207000935A KR20200019953A (ko) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | 핵융합로, 온열 기기, 외연 기관, 발전 장치, 및 이동체 |
JP2019532566A JPWO2019021959A1 (ja) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | 核融合炉、温熱機器、外燃機関、発電装置、及び移動体 |
AU2018306005A AU2018306005A1 (en) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | Nuclear fusion reactor, thermal device, external combustion engine, power generating apparatus, and moving object |
CA3070676A CA3070676A1 (en) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | Nuclear fusion reactor, thermal device, external combustion engine, power generating apparatus, and moving object |
BR112020001382-0A BR112020001382A2 (pt) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | reator de fusão nuclear, dispositivo térmico, motor de combustão externa, aparelho de geração de energia e objeto móvel |
US16/633,081 US20200176133A1 (en) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | Nuclear fusion reactor, thermal device, external combustion engine, power generating apparatus, and moving object |
EP18837634.7A EP3660861A1 (en) | 2017-07-23 | 2018-07-20 | Nuclear fusion reactor, thermal equipment, external combustion engine, electricity generating device, and moving body |
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- 2018-07-20 EP EP18837634.7A patent/EP3660861A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-07-20 CN CN201810802839.5A patent/CN109285610A/zh active Pending
- 2018-07-20 CN CN201810803389.1A patent/CN109285608A/zh active Pending
- 2018-07-20 US US16/633,081 patent/US20200176133A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2018-07-20 CN CN201810802368.8A patent/CN109285609A/zh active Pending
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- 2018-07-20 WO PCT/JP2018/027296 patent/WO2019021959A1/ja unknown
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JPWO2019021959A1 (ja) | 2020-05-28 |
CN109285607A (zh) | 2019-01-29 |
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US20200176133A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
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