WO2019017259A1

WO2019017259A1 - Fuel production apparatus using animal and vegetable oils and used lubricants as raw materials, fuel supply system, and fuel production and supply method using same

Info

Publication number: WO2019017259A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/026221
Authority: WO
Inventors: 前田和幸
Original assignee: 前田和幸
Priority date: 2017-07-17
Filing date: 2018-07-11
Publication date: 2019-01-24
Also published as: JP2019019298A; JP6554644B2

Abstract

[Problem] To provide: a fuel production apparatus that uses used lubricants and animal and plant oils as raw materials, said apparatus being capable of giving used lubricants and animal and plant oils the properties and a state enabling said oils and lubricants to be continuously supplied to a boiler or engine, while requiring a minimum input of energy; a fuel supply system; and a fuel production and supply method that use the same. [Solution] Provided is an apparatus for continuously producing and supplying fuel having properties and being in a state that allows the fuel to be used in a boiler or engine by repeating physical methods involving filtering, heating, centrifuging, precipitating, and pressurizing used lubricants and animal and plant oils containing used plant oils. The apparatus consists of a raw material storage tank provided with a filter, and a raw material supply tank adjacent to the raw material storage tank, a filtration device, a heater, a centrifuge, a precipitation system, and a controller. The apparatus further consists of pumps, flowmeters, flowmeter adjustment valves, solenoid valves, drain valves, level sensors, and pressure sensors, which are installed between the abovementioned devices.

Description

Fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system using animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oil as raw materials, and fuel production and supply method using the same

The present invention relates to a fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system using animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as a raw material, and fuel production and supply method using the same, in detail: (1) Oil collected from animals and plants and used animal and plant activity Fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system using edible oil etc. as a raw material, fuel production / supply method using the same, and (2) Fuel production apparatus made from petroleum based and biological lubricating oils such as used lubricating oil and the like The present invention relates to a fuel supply system and a fuel production / supply method using the same. Here, (1) The fuel production apparatus includes a filter for animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil, a heated raw material storage tank kept warm and an overflow function to the raw material storage tank, and a heated raw material supply tank, a filtration device, heating Equipment, centrifuge, sedimentation system, controller and pump installed between the equipment, flow meter, flow control valve, solenoid valve, drain valve, level sensor and pressure sensor, (2) The fuel production method used is a method to make the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil usable as a fuel for a boiler or engine using only physical methods such as filtration, heating, centrifugation, sedimentation and pressurization. That's right.

Utilization of renewable energy such as animal and vegetable fuels is required as a technology to cope with global warming. In addition, as effective utilization of limited resources, development of recycled energy technology that utilizes used lubricating oil and the like as thermal energy is required. However, oil collected from animals and plants and used lubricating oils have characteristics such as high viscosity and inclusion of impurities, and when used as fuel for boilers and diesel engines as they are, precipitates cause fuel injection There is a concern that the fuel pump and the injection nozzle that constitute the device may be defective. Therefore, in recent years, chemical treatment such as "methyl esterification" has been carried out to remove glycerin from raw materials animal and vegetable oils, thereby converting animal and vegetable oils into properties similar to light oils such as fatty acid methyl esters. Fuel (biodiesel fuel) is used.

This biodiesel fuel requires a complicated and expensive process to use a chemical method as described in, for example, Patent Document 1.

JP 2008-111098 A

On the other hand, for example, as described in Patent Document 2, there is a report that fuel such as a boiler can be produced using only physical methods such as precipitation, filtration and heating from waste food oil without using chemical methods. There is also
In general, in order to produce fuel from edible waste oil and the like, it is necessary to remove impurities by precipitation and filtration, and to separate water by heating.

Patent No. 5545637

However, in order to separate water by heating, it is necessary to heat animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils to the boiling point of water (100 ° C under atmospheric pressure) and to input a large amount of energy in order to vaporize it. Contradicts the purpose of utilizing renewable energy and recycling thermal energy. In addition, the viscosity of animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils is about 10 times higher than that of light oil and heavy oil, which are usually used as fuel for boilers and diesel engines (the dynamic viscosity of light oil and heavy oil at 40 ° C is Since the kinematic viscosity of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil at the same temperature is 40 cSt or more at 4 to 5 cSt), the energy to reduce the viscosity to the same level as light oil or A heavy oil by heating it I need.

Therefore, the present invention can be used as a fuel by heating animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils to a relatively high temperature (eg 60 ° C.) below the boiling point of water and continuously performing repeated filtration, centrifugation and sedimentation. While reforming it to properties and enabling continuous supply to boilers and diesel engines,
By pressurizing it to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa), it is possible to make the fuel injection device of the boiler or engine work well even in a relatively high viscosity state (20 to 30 cSt). To aim.

The invention according to claim 1 uses only physical methods such as filtration, heating, centrifugation, sedimentation and pressurization, using as raw materials animal and vegetable oils that are renewable energy and used lubricating oils that are recycled energy. Fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system, and fuel production / supply method using the same;
An insulated raw material storage tank provided with a filter and an overflow mechanism adjacent to it and provided with an overflow mechanism to the raw material storage tank, and an insulated raw material supply tank, a filter, a heater, a centrifuge, a precipitation system, a controller and the like It consists of a pump, flow meter, flow control valve, solenoid valve, drain valve, level sensor and pressure sensor installed between the equipment,
The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil stored in the raw material storage tank via the filter flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, and is used as a raw material filter, raw material circulation pump, raw material heater, centrifugal After being led to the lower position in the raw material supply tank by the introduction pipe installed in the raw material supply tank through the separator and the raw material flow meter, it flows out,
Part of it flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the feed tank, is led to the suction side of the feed circulation pump through the circulating feed flow meter and the circulation feed flow control valve, and the feed is circulated from the feed filtration device. Consecutive heating, centrifugal separation, precipitation by forming a raw material circulation path that joins the flow path leading to the pump, passes through the raw material circulation pump, the raw material heater, the centrifuge, and the raw material flow meter and returns to the raw material supply tank again. Repeat
The raw material supply tank is always kept at full level (full) by partially overflowing from the raw material supply tank and flowing into the raw material storage tank, the raw material heated by the raw material heater Is continuously supplied to the raw material storage tank and the raw material supply tank, so that each heated tank does not need a heating device.
The remainder flows out of the outlet installed at the upper level of the feed tank, and is supplied to the boiler engine through the fuel consumption flow meter, the fuel supply pump, the fuel heater, and the fuel filter.
A structure in which the pressure of fuel supplied to the boiler / engine can be set to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa) by providing a bypass flow passage in the fuel supply pump and providing a bypass fuel flow control valve for the fuel supply pump in the middle thereof. Along with
A fuel circulation passage is provided which is led to the suction side of the fuel supply pump from the fuel injection device outlet of the boiler or engine or immediately before that, and a fuel circulation passage joining with the passage from the consumed fuel flow meter to the fuel supply pump is provided By installing the circulation valve, it has the structure and function that it does not need auxiliary fuel for starting the boiler engine.

The invention according to claim 2 flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, passes through the raw material filtration device, the raw material circulation pump, the raw material heater, the centrifuge, and the raw material flow meter to the raw material supply tank. Leading animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil,
It flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the feed tank, is led to the suction side of the feed circulation pump through the feedthrough flow meter and circulating feed flow control valve, and the flow path from the feed filtration device to the feed circulation pump The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil combined with the oil is led to the lower position in the tank by the introduction pipe installed in the fuel supply tank and flows out.

Substances and water with a density higher than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oils, move downward from the outlet, mostly at the lower level of the feed tank. It flows out from the installed outlet, passes through the circulating feed flow meter and circulating feed flow control valve, joins with the flow path from the feed filtration device to the feed circulation pump, and a part of it stays in the bottom of the tank,
The remainder move upward in the feed tank, and most of them flow out from the outlet located at the upper level of the feed tank, and the fuel consumption flow meter, fuel feed pump, fuel heater and fuel filter As it passes through the boiler engine, part of it overflows from the raw material supply tank and continues to the raw material storage tank, and it flows out from the outlet provided at the upper level of the raw material supply tank. The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil leading to the boiler engine is reformed into properties usable for the boiler engine by repeated effective precipitation in the feed tank.
Substances and water with a density greater than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oils, are accumulated at the bottom of the feed tank,
By opening the drain valve installed at the bottom of the raw material supply tank, substances or materials with a density greater than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in the animal and vegetable oil accumulated in the tank bottom or used lubricating oil Water has the function of being removed from fuel production equipment and fuel supply systems that are made from animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils.

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the flow rate of the animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil which flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, passes through the raw material filtering device and reaches the raw material circulation pump.
From the flow rate of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet installed at the upper level of the raw material supply tank and passes through the consumed fuel flow meter, fuel supply pump, fuel heater, and fuel filter to the boiler engine As well as (for example, 1.5 times)
It flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the raw material supply tank and is led to the suction side of the raw material circulation pump through the circulating raw material flow meter and circulating raw material flow control valve, and the flow path from the raw material filtration device to the raw material circulation pump The flow rate of the combined animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil,
Equal to the flow rate of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet located at the upper level of the feed tank through the consumed fuel flow meter, fuel feed pump, fuel heater, and fuel filter to the boiler engine By setting to be
The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil constantly overflows (overflows) from the raw material supply tank and reaches the raw material storage tank, and the raw material supply tank is always at full level (full).
By continuously supplying the raw material storage tank and the raw material supply tank with the animal and vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil heated by the raw material heater,
There is no need for motive power for transferring animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil from the raw material storage tank to the raw material supply tank, and control of the level of piping and raw material supply tank,
The temperature can be maintained at a relatively high temperature (for example, 50 ° C. or higher) without directly heating the raw material storage tank and the raw material supply tank, thereby promoting the precipitation action in both tanks.

The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the flow rate of the animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil which flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, passes through the raw material filtering device and reaches the raw material circulation pump It is less than the flow rate of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet installed at the upper level and reaches the boiler / engine, and the overflow from the raw material supply tank to the raw material storage tank ceases and oil in the raw material supply tank If the face drops,
This is detected by the level sensor installed in the raw material supply tank and an alarm is issued,
The solenoid valve installed in the middle of the flow path that flows out from the outlet installed at the medium level of the raw material supply tank and joins the flow path from the consumed fuel flow meter to the fuel supply pump was opened from the closed state While switching to the state,
By switching from an open state to a closed state a solenoid valve installed in the flow path that flows out of the outlet installed at the upper level of the raw material supply tank and reaches the fuel consumption flow meter.
It is possible to have the function of performing safety-related operations of the fuel supply system such as stopping the boiler engine before the liquid level of the raw material supply tank reaches the outlet set at the medium level of the raw material supply tank.

The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the fuel supply pump is provided with a bypass flow path, a bypass fuel flow control valve is installed in the middle thereof, and the fuel flow rate bypassing the fuel supply pump is adjusted and supplied to the boiler engine. By setting the fuel pressure to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa),
A relatively high-pressure fuel is supplied to the fuel injection device of the boiler engine, and the fuel injection device is good without lowering the viscosity of the fuel oil to the same extent as A heavy oil or light oil (without raising the fuel oil temperature) It has a function that can perform the operation.

The invention according to claim 6 is directed to a fuel circulation flow which is led to the suction side of the fuel supply pump from the fuel injection device outlet of the boiler engine or just before that, and joins the flow path from the fuel consumption flow meter to the fuel supply pump. By installing a fuel circulation valve in the fuel circulation channel while
It has the structure and function to make the temperature (viscosity) of the fuel at the start or stop of the boiler engine suitable for the fuel injection device, and it is necessary to use the auxiliary fuel or auxiliary device at the start of the boiler engine. do not do.

The present invention heats an animal and vegetable oil and a used lubricating oil to a relatively high temperature (eg, 60 ° C.) lower than the boiling point of water and continuously repeatedly filters, centrifuges and precipitates them so that they can be used as fuel It reforms and continuously supplies it to a boiler or diesel engine, while pressurizing it to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa), the viscosity of the fuel supplied to the boiler or engine is as high as A heavy oil or light oil By reducing the energy required for heating (by reducing the energy required for heating) and enabling the fuel injection device to perform a good operation, used oil which is renewable energy and used lubricating oil which is recycled energy Fuel production system and fuel supply system using animal and vegetable oils and used It is possible to provide a fuel production and supply method using.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The conceptual diagram of the fuel manufacturing apparatus and fuel supply system which use animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as a raw material as this embodiment as a raw material. The conceptual diagram which shows the effective precipitation method in a raw material supply tank. Control block diagram. The conceptual diagram which shows the action | operation of a fuel injection pump.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual view of a fuel production apparatus and a fuel supply system which use animal and vegetable oils and a used lubricating oil as raw materials according to this embodiment.

Fuel production equipment and fuel supply system A which uses animal oil and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as raw materials, as shown in FIG. 1, use only physical methods such as (1) filtration, heating, centrifugation, sedimentation and pressurization. , Animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils can be reformed to properties and conditions that can be used as fuels for boilers and engines, (2) heating, centrifugation, and sedimentation repeated continuously, animal and vegetable oils and used lubricants Since the process of heating to the boiling point of water (100 ° C. under atmospheric pressure) or higher and removing the water by evaporating it is not required by removing the water contained in the oil, the temperature rise And the energy required for vaporization can be reduced, (3) Keep the fuel storage tank and fuel supply tank adjacent to each other and keep the fuel supply tank full level (full) at all times By partially overflowing the raw material storage tank, it is not necessary to control the power when transferring the raw material from the raw material storage tank to the raw material supply tank, control the level of piping and the raw material supply tank, and continuously circulate the raw material. Therefore, by providing a heating device at any one place in the circulation path,
(4) The fuel supply pump is provided with a bypass flow path, a bypass fuel flow control valve is provided along the way, and the pressure of the fuel supplied to the boiler engine is compared By setting the pressure to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa), the energy for heating the fuel can be suppressed to a low level in order to reduce the viscosity of the fuel supplied to the boiler engine to the same value as light oil or A heavy oil. And, it is possible to manufacture and supply high quality fuel while keeping low the energy input when converting used lubricating oil into fuel and the energy input when supplying it to a boiler or an engine.

(Functions of the small-scale material supply passage CL1-1, the material circulation passage CL1-2 and CL1, and the fuel supply passage FSL)
As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system A, which uses animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as raw materials, have a raw material storage tank TK1 provided with a filter FL1 and a level sensor LS1 and a level sensor LS2 adjacent thereto. The raw material supply tank TK2, the raw material filtration device FL2, the raw material heater HT1, the centrifugal separator CSP, the precipitation system using the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2, the fuel heater HT2, the fuel filtration device FL3 and the like Equipment installed between material circulation pump PM1, fuel supply pump PM2, material flow meter FM1, circulating material flow meter FM2, consumption fuel flow meter FM3, circulating material flow adjustment valve CV1, bypass fuel flow adjustment valve CV2, solenoid valve It consists of EV1, EV2, EV3, EV4, drain valves DV1, DV2, and pressure sensors PS1, PS2, PS3.
Among these components, (1) -1- a raw material supply flow path CL1-1 which flows out from the raw material storage tank TK1 and reaches the suction side of the raw material circulation pump PM1 through the raw material filter FL2;
-2- a raw material circulation channel CL1-2 which flows out from the raw material supply tank TK2 and joins the suction side of the raw material circulation pump PM1 through the circulating raw material flow meter FM2 and the circulating raw material flow adjustment valve CV1;
-3- The raw material supply flow path CL1-1 and the raw material circulation flow path CL1-2 join together, and the raw material circulation flow path CL1 reaching the raw material supply tank via the raw material superheater HT1, the centrifuge CSP and the raw material flow meter FM1 , Animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil is heated by raw material heater HT1 to increase fluidity (viscosity decreased), metals, minerals and minute impurities contained in animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil And other substances having a density higher than that of the oil, etc. are removed by sedimentation in the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2, and substances having a density larger than the other oils by centrifugal separation (eg, contained in lubricating oil Sludge etc) is removed.
-4- The raw material storage tank TK1 is provided with a level sensor LS1. When the raw material is replenished, the level sensor LS1 exceeds the standard oil level position (level) and the standard oil surface position during operation If the level falls below the level, an alarm will be issued and action will be taken.
The level sensor LS2 is installed in the raw material supply tank TK2, and the oil level position (level) at which the overflow from the raw material supply tank to the raw material storage tank ceases and the oil level position (level) is higher than the raw material supply tank. An alarm is issued when the installation position of the solenoid valve and the installation position of the middle feed valve of the raw material supply tank are reached, and measures (actions) for each are urged.
Next, (2) animal or vegetable oil or used lubrication in the fuel supply flow path FSL from the raw material supply tank TK2 to the consumed fuel flow meter FM3, the fuel supply pump PM2, the fuel heater HT2, the fuel filter FL3 and the boiler engine B & E. The oil is heated by the fuel heater HT2 to increase fluidity (viscosity decreases), and the fuel filter FL3 removes contaminants contained in the animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil, and It has a structure and a function that the pressure of the fuel supplied to the boiler engine can be set to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa) by the supply pump PM2 and the bypass fuel flow control valve CV2 installed in the flow path bypassing it.

Below, if you explain concretely according to item,
[Primary filtration by raw material storage tank]
In the fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system A which uses animal oil and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as raw materials, the animal oil or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil as raw material passes through the filter FL1 from the intake provided at the upper part of the raw material storage tank. It flows into the raw material storage tank, and the animal and vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil is stored in the raw material storage tank. At this time, substances and water having a density greater than oil components such as metals and minerals contained in animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oils are precipitated toward the bottom of the raw material storage tank. There is a slope at the bottom of the raw material storage tank, and substances and water with higher density than oils such as metals and minerals contained in animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil move along the slope of the bottom and stay at the lowest Do. As shown in the figure, a drain valve DV1 is installed at the lowest part,
Substances and water with a density greater than oil, such as metals, minerals, etc., contained in animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil accumulated in the tank bottom by opening the drain valve DV1 use animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as raw materials It is discharged out of the fuel production system and the fuel supply system A.

[Heating by the raw material supply flow path CL1-1 and the raw material circulation flow path CL1-2 and CL1, repetition of centrifugation, precipitation]
The animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil which flowed out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank TK1 pass through the raw material filtering device FL2 and reach the suction side of the raw material circulating pump PM1 (raw material supply flow path CL1-1).
On the other hand, the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil which flowed out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material supply tank TK2 pass through the circulating raw material flow meter FM2 and the circulating raw material flow rate adjustment valve CV1 (raw material circulating passage CL1-2) The circulation path which joins the flow path from the raw material filter FL2 to the raw material circulation pump PM1, passes through the raw material circulation pump PM1, the raw material heater HT1, the centrifugal separator CSP and the raw material flow meter FM1 and returns again to the raw material supply tank TK2. By forming the raw material circulation channels CL1-2 and CL1), heating, centrifugation and precipitation are repeated continuously.

[Lower level of raw material storage tank and raw material supply tank]
The lower level of the raw material storage tank means that the density is higher than that of oils such as metals and minerals contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oil, which move to the bottom of the raw material storage tank due to sedimentation in the raw material storage tank. It means a position having a distance from the bottom to such an extent that large substances and moisture are not inhaled.
Similarly, the lower levels of the feed supply tank move to the bottom of the feed supply tank due to sedimentation in the feed supply tank and stay there, metals, minerals and minute contaminants contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oil It means a position with a distance from the bottom to such an extent that it does not inhale substances and moisture whose density is greater than oil content such as things.

[Rate adjustment of the raw material flowing through the feed raw material channel CL1-1]
In the raw material circulation flow paths CL1-2 and CL1, the flow rate in the raw material flow path CL1-1 is measured (CL1-1 = FM1-FM2) by the raw material flow meter FM1 and the circulating raw material flow meter FM2, and By controlling the rotational speed of the drive motor by the controller CTR, the feed material flow path CL1-
The flow rate of the raw material flowing through 1 can be set to any value.

[Raw material filter FL2 and fuel filter FL3]
The raw material filter FL2 and the fuel filter FL3 are constituted by two filters each housed in two filter holders installed in parallel in the flow path of the raw material and the fuel, and the inlet side and the outlet of each filter A valve is provided on the side, and all the valves are normally open, but by closing the valves provided on the inlet and outlet sides of either filter, fuels derived from animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil are used. The filter can be replaced even while the manufacturing device and the fuel supply system are in operation.
In addition, pressure sensor PS1 or PS2 and solenoid valve at the outlet side of either one of the two filter holders installed in each filtration device in the raw material filtration device or in the inlet side of the fuel filtration device. Although the EV1 or EV2 is provided, the solenoid valve is closed under normal operating conditions.
A filter capable of capturing 25 to 100 μm (the collection accuracy depends on the combination with the filter FL1 installed in the raw material storage tank TK) contained in animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oil in the raw material filtration device If the (element) is stored and the pressure at the filter outlet detected by the pressure sensor PS1 falls below the set value (if the filter is clogged),
The fuel filter contains a filter (element) capable of capturing contaminants of about 10 μm contained in animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil, and the pressure at the filter inlet detected by the pressure sensor PS2
Is higher than the set value (if the filter is clogged),
By opening the solenoid valve EV1 or EV2 automatically and operating the other filter, the flow rate of the raw material or fuel can be secured.

[Raw material heater HT1]
The raw material heater HT1 heats the animal or vegetable oil used as a raw material or the used lubricating oil to increase fluidity (the viscosity decreases), so that it is more than oil components such as metals and minerals which could not be removed in the raw material storage tank TK1. The high density material and the minute impurities having a density difference with the oil contained in the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil are effectively removed by the centrifuge CSP, and the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2 It is possible to effectively carry out the precipitation action in

[Centrifuge CSP]
The centrifugal separator CSP is a substance or water having a density greater than that of oils such as metals and minerals which can not be removed by precipitation in the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2, and oil contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils. It has a function to remove contaminants (such as sludge contained in used lubricating oil) having a higher density than that. For this reason, it becomes an essential component when using a used lubricating oil as a raw material, but when using an animal and vegetable oil as a raw material, sufficient filtration and precipitation are performed using a filtration device and a precipitation system,
(1) As shown in FIG. 1, by providing a flow path for bypassing the centrifuge and installing the centrifuge bypass valve CSV, the operation is performed without using the centrifuge.
(2) Remove the centrifuge itself from the components.
The choice can be made.

(Secondary precipitation by raw material supply tank TK2)
[The behavior of metals, minerals, water, and microparticles with a density higher than oil contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils in TK2]
FIG. 2 is a conceptual view showing an effective precipitation method in the raw material supply tank. The raw material supply flow path CL1-1 joins the raw material circulation flow path CL1-2 on the suction side of the raw material circulation pump and becomes a raw material circulation flow path CL1.
Raw material heater HT1,
The tube inserted into the raw material supply tank TK2 is lowered through the centrifuge CSP, and flows out into the tank at a position close to the bottom of the tank.
More than half of the amount rises upward above the raw material supply tank TK2, flows out from the outlet provided at the upper level of the tank, passes through the fuel supply passage FSL, reaches the boiler engine B & E, and overflows ( Overflows) into the raw material storage tank TK1.
Nearly the other half descends and flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material supply tank TK2, reaches the raw material circulation channel (CL1-2), and further descends to the bottom of the raw material supply tank TK2. Accumulate in
At this time, the velocity of upward flow in the tank is V-UP [m / s], the velocity of downward flow in the tank is V-DN [m / s], the density of animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oil Let D-FO be the viscosity, η be the viscosity, DIA be the diameter of metals and minerals and minute impurities contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils, and be D, and let D be the density. Settling velocity (terminal velocity) V-ST [m / s] in fluid of impurities such as metals, minerals, moisture, and microparticles, which have higher density than oil, contained in oil is the following equation (Stokes' equation) Indicated by.

(Formula 1)

"The downward velocity of contaminants such as metals, minerals, moisture, and microparticles with a density higher than that contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils" shown by the Stokes formula (1) and upward in the tank The flow velocity V-UP stops in the upward flow when equal to -1-, and rises with the upward flow if -2- V-ST is smaller than V-UP, -3- V- If ST is greater than V-UP, it descends against the flow, and most of it flows out from the outlet located at the lower level of the feed tank and is led to the feed circulation channel CL1-2, but a part is removed. After passing through the outlet and being accumulated at the lowermost part of the raw material supply tank, the drain valve DV2 is opened and the mixture is discharged out of the fuel manufacturing apparatus and fuel supply system A using animal oil and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil as raw materials.

[Method of effectively performing secondary filtration-1]
The inner diameter of the raw material supply tank is D-TK2 [m], and the flow rate of animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil flowing into the tank through the pipe inserted in this tank is Q-TK2 [m ³ / s], The flow rate of animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil rising upwards Q-UP [m ³ / s], flowed out from the outlet located at the lower level of the tank, and led to the material circulation channel CL1-2 If the flow rate of oil and used lubricating oil is Q-DN [m ³ / s], the animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil that flowed to the lower level of the raw material supply tank TK2 will have a flow velocity V- UP [m / s] is expressed by the following equation.

(Formula 2)

In the formula (2) in which the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil show the flow velocity V-UP [m / s] upward in the raw material supply tank, Q-TK2 = Q-UP + Q-DN, Q -UP = Q-TK2-Q-DN, but the flow rate of animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet located at the lower level of the raw material supply tank and is led to the raw material circulation channel CL1-2 DN is set to be equal to (takes a certain value) the fuel consumption of the boiler / engine by the circulating feed flow meter FM2 and the circulating feed flow control valve CV1, so the inner diameter D-TK2 of the feed tank is by reducing the flow rate Q-TK2 per unit time of the animal or vegetable oil and used lubricating oil to flow into the raw material supply tank [m ³ / s] for], the velocity of flow directed upward in the material supply tank V- The value of UP [m / s] becomes small and secondary filtration can be performed effectively.

[Method of effectively performing secondary filtration-2]
From the Stokes' equation (1), the diameter DIA, density D-MA and flora and fauna of substances such as metals and minerals contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils and contaminants such as microparticles having a density greater than oil such as water Assuming that the density D-FO of the oil and the used lubricating oil is constant, the sedimentation velocity (precipitating effect) becomes faster (improved) as the viscosity η of the animal and vegetable oils and the used lubricating oil decreases.
From this, the precipitation effect is improved by raising the temperature of the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil in the raw material supply tank to lower the viscosity.
However, in order to raise the temperature, it is necessary to input the energy required for heating, and the flowmeter, flow control valve, solenoid valve, level sensor, and pressure sensor that are often used in this device have a heat resistant temperature As the temperature in the tank is increased, the temperature difference with the surroundings becomes larger, and it is necessary to consider that the heat loss such as the heat radiation loss increases.

[Function of drain valve DV1, DV2]
The animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil are contained in the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2 continuously and repeatedly by heating and settling, and metals, minerals and minute impurities contained in the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil Substances and water with higher density than oil and the like are removed.
Specifically, substances and moisture with a density greater than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils, which are retained at the bottom of the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2 ,
The drain valves DV1 and DV2 installed at the bottom of the raw material storage tank TK1 and the raw material supply tank TK2 are discharged to the outside of the fuel manufacturing apparatus A by periodically opening them.

(Apparatus and method for securing safety even if the level of the raw material supply tank decreases)
FIG. 3 is a control block diagram showing an apparatus and method for always making the raw material supply tank TK2 full level (full state). When the liquid level of the raw material supply tank TK2 falls due to a change in the situation, and the animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil overflows (overflows) from the raw material supply tank TK2 and does not reach the raw material storage tank TK1,
The level sensor LS2 installed in the raw material supply tank TK2 shown in FIG. 1 detects this and issues an alarm.
Switching from the closed state to the open state of the solenoid valve EV4 installed in the middle of the flow path joining the flow path from the outlet located at the middle level of the tank to the flow path from the supplied fuel flow valve to the fuel supply pump; It has a function to switch from the open state to the closed state of the solenoid valve EV3 installed at the outlet located at the upper level of the raw material supply tank.
In addition, if the liquid level continues to decrease even after these operations, the fuel such as stopping the boiler engine before the liquid level of the raw material supply tank TK2 reaches the outlet set at the middle level of the tank It can have the function of performing the operation related to the safety of the supply system.

(Apparatus and method for setting the temperature of fuel supplied to boiler and fuel lower than usual)
The viscosity of animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils is about 10 times higher than that of light oil and heavy oil, which are usually used as fuel for boilers and diesel engines (the dynamic viscosity of light oil and heavy oil at 40 ° C is 4 to For 5 cSt, the kinetic viscosity of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil at the same temperature is 40
Therefore, much energy is required to reduce the viscosity to the same level as light oil or A heavy oil by heating it.
FIG. 3 shows a control block diagram showing an apparatus and method for setting the temperature of fuel supplied to a boiler / fuel lower than usual, and FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram showing the operation of a fuel injection pump.
As shown in FIG. 4, the fuel injection pump provided on the diesel engine is fuel-filled around its periphery, and slides longitudinally in a barrel (pump housing) provided with fuel suction holes on its side. It is comprised by the plunger. When the plunger moves below the fuel suction port, fuel is sucked, but the suction rate (the amount of suction per unit time) is proportional to the diameter of the fuel suction port and the viscosity of the fuel, but the diameter of the fuel suction port is It is decided by the specification of the fuel injection pump. High intake rates are required for engines with high engine speeds (high revolutions), but if the viscosity of the fuel is high, the amount of fuel drawn into the pump housing may be insufficient to cause problems with the engine. For this reason, animal and vegetable oils and used lubricating oils that have higher viscosity than diesel oil and diesel oil, which are usually used as diesel engine fuels, need to be heated to reduce their viscosity.

In this system, the fuel supply pump PM2 is provided with a bypass flow path, and the fuel supply pump bypass fuel flow control valve CV2 is provided in the middle thereof, so that the pressure of fuel supplied to the boiler engine B & E is relatively high (for example 0.5). (MPa) can be set. This increases the pressure of the fuel filling the periphery of the pump housing (by supplying a relatively high pressure of fuel to the fuel injection system of the boiler engine) and causes the fuel to move when the plunger moves below the fuel inlet. The fuel injection device can be operated well without lowering the viscosity of the fuel oil to the same level as heavy oil or light oil (without raising the temperature of the fuel oil) by pressing the fuel pump into the pump housing of the fuel pump. It becomes.

Specifically, in the "conceptual view of the fuel manufacturing apparatus and fuel supply system using the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil as the present embodiment as the raw materials shown in Fig. 1" and the "control block diagram" shown in Fig. 3 The pressure sensor PS3 detects the pressure of fuel supplied to the boiler engine B & E, and adjusts the opening degree of the bypass fuel flow control valve CV2 installed in the bypass flow path of the fuel supply pump, The pressure of the fuel supplied to can be set to a relatively high pressure (e.g. 0.5 MPa).
As a result, it is possible to improve the operation of the fuel injection device including the fuel injection pump, and to obtain the same effect as lowering the kinematic viscosity by raising the temperature of the fuel oil.

(Apparatus and methods to eliminate the need for auxiliary fuel and auxiliary devices when starting small-scale boilers and engines)
Even if animal fuel and used lubricating oil are improved in their properties and conditions using physical methods such as filtration, heating, centrifugation, sedimentation and pressurization, they can be used for a long time at the start of operation of the boiler engine B & E. At start-up after stopping or for a short time (for example, one hour or more), since the fuel injection device of the boiler engine B & E is close to the atmosphere or room temperature where the device is installed, usually before stopping the device Alternatively, it is necessary to perform a treatment such as switching the fuel retained in the apparatus to a low viscosity fuel such as light oil or A heavy oil immediately before start-up, or adding a combustion improver or the like.
However, in this device, the flow is led from the fuel injection device outlet of the boiler engine B & E or directly before the fuel injection device of the boiler engine to the suction side of the fuel supply pump PM2, and flows from the fuel consumption flow meter FM3 to the fuel supply pump PM2. Since the fuel circulation passage CL2 joining the passage and the fuel circulation valve FCV are installed in the middle of the fuel circulation passage CL2, the structure and function do not require any auxiliary fuel or auxiliary device at startup of the boiler engine. Have.

Specifically, during normal operation, the fuel circulation valve FCV is closed so that the fuel does not flow into the fuel circulation channel CL2, but flows out from the outlet provided at the upper level of the raw material supply tank TK2 and consumed fuel All animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oils supplied to the boiler engine B & E (through the fuel supply flow path FSL) through the flow meter FM3, fuel supply pump PM2, fuel heater TH2 and fuel filter FL3 are all boiler engines It is consumed.
However, in this supply system, even if the outside air temperature or the temperature in the room where the fuel supply system and fuel supply system using animal and vegetable oil and used lubricating oil are installed is short, even for a short time, fuel heater HT2 The fuel remaining in the flow path leading to the boiler engine approaches (or becomes equivalent to) the outside air temperature or the temperature in the room, and although the fuel properties can be maintained, the fuel state (viscosity) becomes incompatible with the boiler engine.
Therefore, in the present system, the temperature of the fuel supply channel FSL is lowered due to the shutdown of the apparatus or for some reason, the temperature of the fuel stagnated in the channel (flows in the channel) is lowered, and the viscosity of the fuel is If it becomes unsuitable for the B & E fuel injection system, by opening the fuel circulation valve FCV installed in the fuel circulation channel CL2,
The fuel staying in the fuel supply flow path FSL (flowing in the flow path) is led to the suction side of the fuel supply pump PM2 from immediately before the fuel injection device outlet of the boiler engine B & E or the fuel injection device of the boiler engine A fuel circulation channel CL2 is formed which merges with the flow channel from the fuel flow meter FM3 to the fuel supply pump PM2.
The fuel drawn into the fuel injection pump PM2 is pressurized by the fuel injection pump and then heated by the fuel heater HT2 and passes through the fuel filter FL3 to the fuel injection device of the boiler engine (or just before the fuel injection device) As a result, the fuel is again drawn into the fuel supply pump PM2 through the fuel circulation channel CL2.
Even when the boiler engine is stopped, the temperature (viscosity) of the fuel is raised to the temperature (viscosity) suitable for the fuel injection device of the boiler engine, and the auxiliary fuel and auxiliary device are activated when the boiler engine starts. It has structures and functions that you do not need.

TK1 Raw material storage tank
TK2 Raw material supply tank
HT1 Raw material heater
HT2 fuel heater
CSP centrifuge
FL1 filter
FL2 Raw material filter
FL3 fuel filter
CTR controller
PM1 Raw material circulation pump
PM2 fuel supply pump
FM1 Raw material flow meter
FM2 circulating material flow meter
FM3 Fuel Consumption Flowmeter
CV1 Circulating material flow control valve
CV2 bypass fuel flow control valve
FCV fuel circulation valve
CSV centrifuge bypass valve
EV1 Solenoid valve for outlet of raw material filter
EV2 Solenoid valve for fuel filter inlet
EV3 Raw material supply tank high level solenoid valve
EV4 material supply tank middle solenoid valve
DV1 Raw material storage tank drain valve
DV2 Raw material supply tank drain valve
PS1 Raw material filter outlet pressure sensor
PS2 fuel filter inlet pressure sensor
PS3 fuel filter outlet pressure sensor
LS1 Fuel Storage Tank Level Sensor
LS2 Fuel supply tank level sensor
CL1-1 Raw material supply flow path
CL1-2, CL1 Raw material circulation channel
FSL fuel supply channel
CL2 Fuel circulation channel
B & E boiler engine

Claims

Fuel production equipment and fuel supply system that uses only physical methods such as filtration, heating, centrifugation, sedimentation and pressurization to convert fuel from renewable energy, such as animal and vegetable oil that is renewable energy and used lubricating oil that is recycled energy, as a raw material And a fuel production / supply method using it,
An insulated raw material storage tank provided with a filter and an overflow mechanism adjacent to it and provided with an overflow mechanism to the raw material storage tank, and an insulated raw material supply tank, a filter, a heater, a centrifuge, a precipitation system, a controller and the like It consists of a pump, flow meter, flow control valve, solenoid valve, drain valve, level sensor and pressure sensor installed between the equipment,
The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil stored in the raw material storage tank via the filter flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, and is used as a raw material filter, raw material circulation pump, raw material heater, centrifugal After being led to the lower position in the raw material supply tank by the introduction pipe installed in the raw material supply tank through the separator and the raw material flow meter, it flows out,
Part of it flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the feed tank, is led to the suction side of the feed circulation pump through the circulating feed flow meter and the circulation feed flow control valve, and the feed is circulated from the feed filtration device. Consecutive heating, centrifugal separation, precipitation by forming a raw material circulation path that joins the flow path leading to the pump, passes through the raw material circulation pump, the raw material heater, the centrifuge, and the raw material flow meter and returns to the raw material supply tank again. Repeat
The raw material supply tank is always kept at full level (full) by partially overflowing from the raw material supply tank and flowing into the raw material storage tank, the raw material heated by the raw material heater Is continuously supplied to the raw material storage tank and the raw material supply tank, so that each heated tank does not need a heating device.
The remainder flows out of the outlet installed at the upper level of the feed tank, and is supplied to the boiler engine through the fuel consumption flow meter, the fuel supply pump, the fuel heater, and the fuel filter.
A structure in which the pressure of fuel supplied to the boiler / engine can be set to a relatively high pressure (for example, 0.5 MPa) by providing a bypass flow passage in the fuel supply pump and providing a bypass fuel flow control valve for the fuel supply pump in the middle thereof. Along with
A fuel circulation passage is provided which is led to the suction side of the fuel supply pump from the fuel injection device outlet of the boiler or engine or immediately before that, and a fuel circulation passage joining with the passage from the consumed fuel flow meter to the fuel supply pump is provided A fuel production system and fuel supply system using animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil as a raw material and having a structure and a function that does not require auxiliary fuel or the like when the boiler or engine starts by installing a circulation valve Fuel production and supply method used.
An animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil which flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, passes through the raw material filter, raw material circulation pump, raw material heater, centrifuge and raw material flow meter to the raw material supply tank. ,
It flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the feed tank, is led to the suction side of the feed circulation pump through the feedthrough flow meter and circulating feed flow control valve, and the flow path from the feed filtration device to the feed circulation pump Animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil combined with
The feed pipe installed in the fuel supply tank leads to the lower position in the tank and flows out,
Substances and water with a density higher than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oils, move downward from the outlet, mostly at the lower level of the feed tank. It flows out from the installed outlet, passes through the circulating feed flow meter and circulating feed flow control valve, joins with the flow path from the feed filtration device to the feed circulation pump, and a part of it stays in the bottom of the tank,
The remainder move upward in the feed tank, and most of them flow out from the outlet located at the upper level of the feed tank, and the fuel consumption flow meter, fuel feed pump, fuel heater and fuel filter As it passes through the boiler engine, part of it overflows from the raw material supply tank and continues to the raw material storage tank, and it flows out from the outlet provided at the upper level of the raw material supply tank. The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil leading to the boiler engine is reformed into properties usable for the boiler engine by repeated effective precipitation in the feed tank.
Substances and water with a density greater than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in animal and vegetable oils or used lubricating oils, are accumulated at the bottom of the feed tank,
By opening the drain valve installed at the bottom of the raw material supply tank, substances or materials with a density greater than oil, such as metals, minerals, and minute contaminants contained in the animal and vegetable oil accumulated in the tank bottom or used lubricating oil The animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the water has a function of being removed from a fuel production apparatus and a fuel supply system using the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil as a raw material. Fuel production system and fuel supply system, and fuel production / supply method using the same.
The flow rate of the animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil which flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank, passes through the raw material filter and reaches the raw material circulation pump,
From the flow rate of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet installed at the upper level of the raw material supply tank and passes through the consumed fuel flow meter, fuel supply pump, fuel heater, and fuel filter to the boiler engine As well as (for example, 1.5 times)
It flows out from the outlet installed at the lower level of the raw material supply tank and is led to the suction side of the raw material circulation pump through the circulating raw material flow meter and circulating raw material flow control valve, and the flow path from the raw material filtration device to the raw material circulation pump The flow rate of the combined animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil,
Equal to the flow rate of animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet located at the upper level of the feed tank through the consumed fuel flow meter, fuel feed pump, fuel heater, and fuel filter to the boiler engine By setting to be
The animal or vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil constantly overflows (overflows) from the raw material supply tank and reaches the raw material storage tank, and the raw material supply tank is always at full level (full).
By continuously supplying the raw material storage tank and the raw material supply tank with the animal and vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil heated by the raw material heater,
There is no need for motive power for transferring animal and vegetable oil or used lubricating oil from the raw material storage tank to the raw material supply tank, and control of the level of piping and raw material supply tank,
The raw material storage tank and the raw material supply tank can be maintained at a relatively high temperature (for example, 50 ° C. or higher) without direct heating, whereby the sedimentation in both tanks can be promoted. The fuel manufacturing apparatus and fuel supply system which use the animal and vegetable oil and the used lubricating oil as 2 raw materials as a raw material, and a fuel manufacturing and supply method using the same.
The flow rate of the animal or vegetable oil or used lubricating oil that flows out from the outlet provided at the lower level of the raw material storage tank and passes through the raw material filter to the raw material circulation pump is from the outlet provided at the upper level of the raw material supply tank. When the flow rate of the animal oil or used lubricating oil flowing down to the boiler engine is less than that of the raw material supply tank, the overflow from the raw material supply tank to the raw material storage tank stops, and the oil level of the raw material supply tank decreases.
This is detected by the level sensor installed in the raw material supply tank and an alarm is issued,
The solenoid valve installed in the middle of the flow path that flows out from the outlet installed at the medium level of the raw material supply tank and joins the flow path from the consumed fuel flow meter to the fuel supply pump was opened from the closed state While switching to the state,
By switching from an open state to a closed state a solenoid valve installed in the flow path that flows out of the outlet installed at the upper level of the raw material supply tank and reaches the fuel consumption flow meter.
It is characterized in that it is possible to have the function of performing safety-related operations of the fuel supply system such as stopping the boiler and engine before the liquid level of the raw material supply tank reaches the outlet set at the medium level of the raw material supply tank. A fuel production apparatus and a fuel supply system using the animal and vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as a raw material, and a fuel production / supply method using the same.
A fuel supply pump is provided with a bypass flow path, a bypass fuel flow control valve is installed in the middle thereof, the flow rate of fuel bypassing the fuel supply pump is adjusted, and the pressure of fuel supplied to the boiler / engine is relatively high (for example, By setting to 0.5MPa)
A relatively high-pressure fuel is supplied to the fuel injection device of the boiler engine, and the fuel injection device is good without lowering the viscosity of the fuel oil to the same extent as A heavy oil or light oil (without raising the fuel oil temperature) A fuel production apparatus and fuel supply system using an animal and vegetable oil or a used lubricating oil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a function capable of performing operation. Fuel production and supply method used.
A fuel circulation passage is provided which is led to the suction side of the fuel supply pump from the fuel injection device outlet of the boiler or engine or just before that, and merges with the passage from the consumed fuel flow meter to the fuel supply pump By installing a fuel circulation valve on the
It has the structure and function to make the temperature (viscosity) of the fuel at the start or stop of the boiler engine suitable for the fuel injection device, and it is necessary to use the auxiliary fuel or auxiliary device at the start of the boiler engine. A fuel production apparatus and a fuel supply system using the animal and vegetable oil or the used lubricating oil according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as a raw material, and a fuel production / supply method using the same.