WO2019006401A2 - Compositions immunogènes à base de listeria comprenant des antigènes de protéine tumorale de wilms hétéroclitique et procédés d'utilisation correspondants - Google Patents
Compositions immunogènes à base de listeria comprenant des antigènes de protéine tumorale de wilms hétéroclitique et procédés d'utilisation correspondants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019006401A2 WO2019006401A2 PCT/US2018/040457 US2018040457W WO2019006401A2 WO 2019006401 A2 WO2019006401 A2 WO 2019006401A2 US 2018040457 W US2018040457 W US 2018040457W WO 2019006401 A2 WO2019006401 A2 WO 2019006401A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- listeria strain
- recombinant listeria
- seq
- protein
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000186781 Listeria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 102100022748 Wilms tumor protein Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 101710127857 Wilms tumor protein Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 title claims description 44
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 title claims description 44
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 589
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 399
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 226
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 215
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 216
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 148
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 130
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 127
- 101710164436 Listeriolysin O Proteins 0.000 claims description 115
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 99
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 96
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 90
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 72
- 101150082952 ACTA1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 47
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 47
- 241000186779 Listeria monocytogenes Species 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 108700026244 Open Reading Frames Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010041525 Alanine racemase Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 101150093386 prfA gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 108050004635 D-amino acid aminotransferases Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 101150027417 recU gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940045513 CTLA4 antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150084041 WT1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JVJGCCBAOOWGEO-RUTPOYCXSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-4-amino-2-[[(2s,3s)-2-[[(2s,3s)-2-[[(2s)-2-azaniumyl-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxylatobutanoyl]amino]-6-azaniumy Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JVJGCCBAOOWGEO-RUTPOYCXSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940076838 Immune checkpoint inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012274 immune-checkpoint protein inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000037984 Inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091008026 Inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004898 n-terminal fragment Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000680 phagosome Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010021064 CTLA-4 Antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000008203 CTLA-4 Antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 108091092195 Intron Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000848 Ubiquitin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000044159 Ubiquitin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000007651 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010046938 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035032 monophosphoryl lipid a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004269 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 102000008300 Mutant Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010021466 Mutant Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 137
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 66
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 46
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 127
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 45
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 36
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 31
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 31
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 25
- 101150023527 actA gene Proteins 0.000 description 23
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000005867 T cell response Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 101150030499 lnt gene Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 17
- -1 poly(NANP) Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 108010006533 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102000005416 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 108700018351 Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000020382 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I Effects 0.000 description 16
- 101100434723 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) alr1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 101100215901 Staphylococcus aureus (strain NCTC 8325 / PS 47) alr2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 101100171116 Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) dprA gene Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 101100276985 Xenopus laevis ccdc88c gene Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 101150070828 alr gene Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 238000002169 hydrotherapy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 14
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 108060008683 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 102000003298 tumor necrosis factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 11
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001018 virulence Effects 0.000 description 10
- NEPOVVIIZSDRTL-XUVMKQETSA-N (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O NEPOVVIIZSDRTL-XUVMKQETSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 9
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-alanine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-GSVOUGTGSA-N D-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 9
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102100022153 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 101150024289 hly gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000014705 isoleucine Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 9
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 210000003289 regulatory T cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-alpha-Ala Natural products CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930182847 D-glutamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 8
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108091054437 MHC class I family Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000043131 MHC class II family Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108091054438 MHC class II family Proteins 0.000 description 8
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000002949 hemolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000008521 threonine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 7
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000043129 MHC class I family Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 7
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 7
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000014304 histidine Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229960002429 proline Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 235000013930 proline Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014393 valine Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 6
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 6
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 6
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000004554 glutamine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000005772 leucine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000004400 serine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 6
- 108700010070 Codon Usage Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102100039619 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102100034458 Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101001137987 Homo sapiens Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000621309 Homo sapiens Wilms tumor protein Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010061833 Integrases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100020862 Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 201000003793 Myelodysplastic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 208000003721 Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 101710165473 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000037354 amino acid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000172 cytosol Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000011194 good manufacturing practice Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000022679 triple-negative breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- GMKMEZVLHJARHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2R,6R)-form-2.6-Diaminoheptanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCC(N)C(O)=O GMKMEZVLHJARHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 4
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010029961 Filgrastim Proteins 0.000 description 4
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000002250 Hematologic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102100034343 Integrase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 101000597780 Mus musculus Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 102100021768 Phosphoserine aminotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 208000007641 Pinealoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108010008281 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000007056 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102100035283 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 206010053613 Type IV hypersensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 4
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N actinomycin D Natural products CC1OC(=O)C(C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)NC4C(=O)NC(C(N5CCCC5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(=O)OC4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 101150037081 aroA gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 210000001151 cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960004177 filgrastim Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 231100000221 frame shift mutation induction Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000006639 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020004201 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- GMKMEZVLHJARHF-SYDPRGILSA-N meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CCC[C@@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O GMKMEZVLHJARHF-SYDPRGILSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000004985 myeloid-derived suppressor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000027831 neuroepithelial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229960001972 panitumumab Drugs 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004260 plant-type cell wall biogenesis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101150050662 plcB gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000005951 type IV hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000027930 type IV hypersensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCCZDMNKKFBMNE-RCCHGGDLSA-N 2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O HCCZDMNKKFBMNE-RCCHGGDLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001167018 Aroa Species 0.000 description 3
- 101150013553 CD40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 210000001266 CD8-positive T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100491986 Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) aromA gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101710083479 Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 homolog Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 3
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000866438 Listeria monocytogenes 10403S Species 0.000 description 3
- 101100452614 Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (strain EGD / Mackaness) inlC gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 3
- MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Muraminsaeure Natural products OC(=O)C(C)OC1C(N)C(O)OC(CO)C1O MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000010133 Oligodendroglioma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108010013639 Peptidoglycan Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102100040678 Programmed cell death protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710089372 Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 108020004566 Transfer RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100040245 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 208000008383 Wilms tumor Diseases 0.000 description 3
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000030741 antigen processing and presentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005975 antitumor immune response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101150040872 aroE gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002619 cancer immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000139 costimulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000054766 genetic haplotypes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000037819 metastatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000011575 metastatic malignant neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentofuranose Chemical group OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101150114864 plcA gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000029340 primitive neuroectodermal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108010075210 streptolysin O Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010046766 uterine cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 108700026220 vif Genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 3
- ARPXPQWBIFSBKF-AHEPKYPGSA-N (2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O ARPXPQWBIFSBKF-AHEPKYPGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8S)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NCC2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MPUUQNGXJSEWTF-BYPYZUCNSA-N (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@@H]([NH3+])CCC([O-])=O MPUUQNGXJSEWTF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZADWXFSZEAPBJS-JTQLQIEISA-N 1-methyl-L-tryptophan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C2=C1 ZADWXFSZEAPBJS-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxy-15-(4-hydroxy-18-methoxycarbonyl-5,18-seco-ibogamin-18-yl)-16-methoxy-1-methyl-6,7-didehydro-aspidospermidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 NDMPLJNOPCLANR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 4'-epidoxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Mercaptoguanine Natural products N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6S-folinic acid Natural products C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88755TAZ87 Chemical compound NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000007471 Adenosine A2A receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010085277 Adenosine A2A receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150051188 Adora2a gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061424 Anal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010053481 Antifreeze Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010003415 Aspartate Aminotransferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004625 Aspartate Aminotransferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100152417 Bacillus spizizenii (strain ATCC 23059 / NRRL B-14472 / W23) tarI gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100216993 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) aroD gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 102100025570 Cancer/testis antigen 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N Capecitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Capecitabine Natural products C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1C1C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carmustine Chemical compound ClCCNC(=O)N(N=O)CCCl DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N Cladribine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010041986 DNA Vaccines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940021995 DNA vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 108010092160 Dactinomycin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010014967 Ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epihygromycin Natural products OC1C(O)C(C(=O)C)OC1OC(C(=C1)O)=CC=C1C=C(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C2OCOC2C1O YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epirubicin Natural products COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4CC(O)(CC(OC5CC(N)C(=O)C(C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000022072 Gallbladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108050005901 Glutamine amidotransferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000017722 Glutamine amidotransferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010070675 Glutathione transferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005720 Glutathione transferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088729 HLA-A*02:01 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010050568 HLA-DM antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000008949 Histocompatibility Antigens Class I Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000856237 Homo sapiens Cancer/testis antigen 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001068133 Homo sapiens Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000961414 Homo sapiens Membrane cofactor protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000914484 Homo sapiens T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Idarubicin Chemical compound C1[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2C[C@@](O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Idarubicin Natural products C1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C2=C(O)C(C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=O)=C3C(O)=C2CC(O)(C(C)=O)C1 XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100037850 Interferon gamma Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710148893 Internalin B Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010018981 Lipoate-protein ligase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100025853 Lipoyltransferase 1, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000186806 Listeria grayi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000186807 Listeria seeligeri Species 0.000 description 2
- GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lomustine Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1CCCCC1 GQYIWUVLTXOXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710175625 Maltose/maltodextrin-binding periplasmic protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000003939 Membrane transport proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000301 Membrane transport proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XOGTZOOQQBDUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Mesna Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCS XOGTZOOQQBDUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N Methicillin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C(O)=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930192392 Mitomycin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101100407308 Mus musculus Pdcd1lg2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000033776 Myeloid Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000007286 Pilocytic astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010050487 Pinealoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108700030875 Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100024213 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000708 Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004245 Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001066 Racemases and epimerases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004879 Racemases and epimerases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000024932 T cell mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100027222 T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102220538247 TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit C_S44A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 2
- WFWLQNSHRPWKFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tegafur Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(F)=CN1C1OCCC1 WFWLQNSHRPWKFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Temozolomide Chemical compound O=C1N(C)N=NC2=C(C(N)=O)N=CN21 BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108020005038 Terminator Codon Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000002933 Thioredoxin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiotepa Chemical compound C1CN1P(N1CC1)(=S)N1CC1 FOCVUCIESVLUNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108020000411 Toll-like receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000002689 Toll-like receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- IVTVGDXNLFLDRM-HNNXBMFYSA-N Tomudex Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(C)=NC(=O)C2=CC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)S1 IVTVGDXNLFLDRM-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YCPOZVAOBBQLRI-WDSKDSINSA-N Treosulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)COS(C)(=O)=O YCPOZVAOBBQLRI-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100040247 Tumor necrosis factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710187743 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000002495 Uterine Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N Vinblastine Natural products O=C(O[C@H]1[C@](O)(C(=O)OC)[C@@H]2N(C)c3c(cc(c(OC)c3)[C@]3(C(=O)OC)c4[nH]c5c(c4CCN4C[C@](O)(CC)C[C@H](C3)C4)cccc5)[C@@]32[C@H]2[C@@]1(CC)C=CCN2CC3)C JXLYSJRDGCGARV-WWYNWVTFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001270 agonistic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amsacrine Chemical compound COC1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC1=C(C=CC=C2)C2=NC2=CC=CC=C12 XCPGHVQEEXUHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001220 amsacrine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101150090235 aroB gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150042732 aroC gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150102858 aroD gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150108612 aroQ gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940120638 avastin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanide;cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCC1 VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000397 bevacizumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002092 busulfan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004900 c-terminal fragment Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960004117 capecitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005243 carmustine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005754 cellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005395 cetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000021178 chitin binding proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091011157 chitin binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013611 chromosomal DNA Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002436 cladribine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WDDPHFBMKLOVOX-AYQXTPAHSA-N clofarabine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1F WDDPHFBMKLOVOX-AYQXTPAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000928 clofarabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108091008034 costimulatory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229950006799 crisantaspase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009260 cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000030381 cutaneous melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000640 dactinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001904 epirubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940082789 erbitux Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003276 erythromycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 102000015694 estrogen receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010038795 estrogen receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960000390 fludarabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N fludarabine phosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(F)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N folinic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008191 folinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011672 folinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010175 gallbladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000005649 gangliocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000008361 ganglioneuroma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012224 gene deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002518 gentamicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003278 haem Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000002443 helper t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229940022353 herceptin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001330 hydroxycarbamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000908 idarubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009851 immunogenic response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 101150014059 ispD gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150022203 ispDF gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 108010045069 keyhole-limpet hemocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101150087199 leuA gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960001691 leucovorin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000021633 leukocyte mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002247 lomustine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004635 mesna Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003085 meticillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mitoxantrone Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO KKZJGLLVHKMTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001156 mitoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000008026 nephroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L oxaliplatin Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=O)O[Pt]11N[C@@H]2CCCC[C@H]2N1 DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001756 oxaliplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007918 pathogenicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005079 pemetrexed Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QOFFJEBXNKRSPX-ZDUSSCGKSA-N pemetrexed Chemical compound C1=N[C]2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 QOFFJEBXNKRSPX-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N pentostatin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(N=CNC[C@H]2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002340 pentostatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940023041 peptide vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000003113 pineoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010035059 pineocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N procarbazine Chemical compound CNNCC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(C)C)C=C1 CPTBDICYNRMXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000624 procarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000003998 progesterone receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000468 progesterone receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010049718 pseudouridine synthases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZADWXFSZEAPBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N racemic N-methyl tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2N(C)C=C(CC(N)C(O)=O)C2=C1 ZADWXFSZEAPBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004432 raltitrexed Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 190014017285 satraplatin Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229960005399 satraplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000003708 skin melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermidine Chemical compound NCCCCNCCCN ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004964 temozolomide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108060008226 thioredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940094937 thioredoxin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MNRILEROXIRVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=NC=N[C]21 MNRILEROXIRVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000575 trastuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003181 treosulfan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 101150059846 trpS gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960003048 vinblastine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincaleukoblastine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 JXLYSJRDGCGARV-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004355 vindesine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N vindesine Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(N)=O)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1N=C1[C]2C=CC=C1 UGGWPQSBPIFKDZ-KOTLKJBCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIBRHGQCHIETC-CWSFPBCASA-N (7s)-3-[(3s)-3-[[(2r)-2-acetamido-4-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-5-amino-2-[[[[(2r,3s,4r)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxymethyl]-3,6-dihydroxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(C)C(=O)[C@@](C)(NC(C)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(C(N)C(O)=O)C(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C(O)=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]1COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(N2C(NC(=O)C=C2)=O)O1 KWIBRHGQCHIETC-CWSFPBCASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000040650 (ribonucleotides)n+m Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYPYXGZDOYTYDR-HAJWAVTHSA-N 2-methyl-3-[(2e,6e,10e,14e)-3,7,11,15,19-pentamethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaenyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 HYPYXGZDOYTYDR-HAJWAVTHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010030844 2-methylcitrate synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-oxoglutarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC(=O)C([O-])=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxoglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010080376 3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WVMWZWGZRAXUBK-SYTVJDICSA-M 3-dehydroquinate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C[C@](O)(C([O-])=O)CC(=O)[C@H]1O WVMWZWGZRAXUBK-SYTVJDICSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WVMWZWGZRAXUBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dehydroquinic acid Natural products OC1CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(=O)C1O WVMWZWGZRAXUBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKHJQIQDQXGUOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(benzylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione Chemical compound OC1C(C)(C)OC(C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=O)=O)=C2C1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WKHJQIQDQXGUOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXUWMXQFNYDOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-4-imidazolidinone Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=S)NC1CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12 TXUWMXQFNYDOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010075604 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011848 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ZTNQWTPWKNDRNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1h-indole-3-carbaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2NC=C(C=O)C2=C1 ZTNQWTPWKNDRNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100032814 ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease YME1L1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010069754 Acquired gene mutation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010507 Adenocarcinoma of Lung Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000321096 Adenoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100163490 Alkalihalobacillus halodurans (strain ATCC BAA-125 / DSM 18197 / FERM 7344 / JCM 9153 / C-125) aroA1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000052866 Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700028939 Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039338 Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050001492 Ammonium transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010002198 Anaphylactic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013842 Anaplastic ganglioglioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010073128 Anaplastic oligodendroglioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000024188 Andala Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010037870 Anthranilate Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007860 Anus Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000640990 Arabidopsis thaliana Tryptophan-tRNA ligase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004652 Aspartate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010065869 Astrocytoma, low grade Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010839 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011725 BALB/c mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101100012355 Bacillus anthracis fabH1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100427060 Bacillus spizizenii (strain ATCC 23059 / NRRL B-14472 / W23) thyA1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100072559 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) alsS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100221537 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) comK gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100012357 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) fabHA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100394745 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) hepT gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000699 Bacterial toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000212384 Bifora Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100378273 Brachyspira hyodysenteriae acpP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009631 Broth culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- IBNSYSWDJJQKSY-PJYANRIDSA-N C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IBNSYSWDJJQKSY-PJYANRIDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100032912 CD44 antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101100339117 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni serotype O:2 (strain ATCC 700819 / NCTC 11168) hisF1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000005367 Carboxypeptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010006303 Carboxypeptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010007279 Carcinoid tumour of the gastrointestinal tract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710178953 Cell wall teichoic acid glycosylation protein GtcA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000009410 Chemokine receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050000299 Chemokine receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010008479 Chest Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100227595 Chlamydia pneumoniae folKP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000004139 Choroid Plexus Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004378 Choroid plexus papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004638 Circular DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091062157 Cis-regulatory element Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010071536 Citrate (Si)-synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006732 Citrate synthase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100163308 Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) argR1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100538459 Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) truA1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100100749 Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) truA2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003322 Coinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091035707 Consensus sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037845 Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710170530 Cysteine synthase A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010078895 D-Alanine Transaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000003298 DNA probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004568 DNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008743 Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010064581 Desmoplastic small round cell tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100465553 Dictyostelium discoideum psmB6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061818 Disease progression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150029707 ERBB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025137 Early activation antigen CD69 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- DYEFUKCXAQOFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ebselen Chemical compound [se]1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 DYEFUKCXAQOFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100507308 Enterococcus faecalis mvaS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000008228 Ependymoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014968 Ependymoma malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100337176 Escherichia coli (strain K12) gltB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100505027 Escherichia coli (strain K12) gltD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100155531 Escherichia coli (strain K12) ispU gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100139916 Escherichia coli (strain K12) rarA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100540759 Escherichia coli (strain K12) wecE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100153154 Escherichia phage T5 thy gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000008808 Fibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108050000897 Formate/nitrite transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710140958 Formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000004066 Ganglioglioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000021309 Germ cell tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005409 Gliomatosis cerebri Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010057891 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100028972 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028976 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028971 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033079 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031258 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031547 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031546 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040505 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010075704 HLA-A Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010074032 HLA-A2 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000025850 HLA-A2 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010013476 HLA-A24 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010058607 HLA-B Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010052199 HLA-C Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010067802 HLA-DR alpha-Chains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108050003783 Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010088652 Histocompatibility Antigens Class I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010027412 Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018713 Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000868273 Homo sapiens CD44 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934374 Homo sapiens Early activation antigen CD69 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000866278 Homo sapiens HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000866281 Homo sapiens HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001057504 Homo sapiens Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001055144 Homo sapiens Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000601647 Homo sapiens Paired box protein Pax-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000799466 Homo sapiens Thrombopoietin receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000669447 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062016 Immunosuppression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010063678 Indole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010022095 Injection Site reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027268 Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001005 Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010063738 Interleukins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015696 Interleukins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710148809 Internalin C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010073678 Juvenile angiofibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007766 Kaposi sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229930195714 L-glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182821 L-proline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000000174 L-prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000773 L-serino group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)[C@@]([H])(N([H])*)C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 101100273375 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strain ATCC BAA-793 / NCIMB 8826 / WCFS1) cbh gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100509110 Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (strain CTCB07) ispDF gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186780 Listeria ivanovii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000751185 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000092431 Listeria monocytogenes EGD Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000440393 Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700016271 Listeria monocytogenes actA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700027766 Listeria monocytogenes hlyA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100354184 Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b (strain F2365) ptcA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100426447 Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b (strain F2365) trpC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100098690 Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a (strain ATCC BAA-679 / EGD-e) hly gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186814 Listeria welshimeri Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150040714 MB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006978 Magnesium transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010090665 Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000025205 Mantle-Cell Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001267884 Maribacter sp. HTCC2170 Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100124185 Methanococcus maripaludis (strain S2 / LL) hisH1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100327514 Methanosarcina acetivorans (strain ATCC 35395 / DSM 2834 / JCM 12185 / C2A) cfbE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100261636 Methanothermobacter marburgensis (strain ATCC BAA-927 / DSM 2133 / JCM 14651 / NBRC 100331 / OCM 82 / Marburg) trpB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003445 Mouth Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100063392 Mycobacterium leprae (strain TN) folP1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100293872 Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (strain ATCC 700084 / mc(2)155) sir2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030397 N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108700019961 Neoplasm Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000048850 Neoplasm Genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000034176 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008846 Neurocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033383 Neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004485 Nonsense Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100276922 Nostoc sp. (strain PCC 7120 / SAG 25.82 / UTEX 2576) dapF2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710138316 O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010030155 Oesophageal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000160 Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012247 Oligodendroglial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000178961 Paenibacillus alvei Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000037064 Papilloma of choroid plexus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100114255 Parasynechococcus marenigrum (strain WH8102) cobQ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100338762 Pedobacter heparinus (strain ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3) hepB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000279 Peptidyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010056995 Perforin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004503 Perforin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000016462 Phosphate Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010092528 Phosphate Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027330 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000434 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036473 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108030004873 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100124346 Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. laumondii (strain DSM 15139 / CIP 105565 / TT01) hisCD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001135788 Pinus taeda (+)-alpha-pinene synthase, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000007288 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000006994 Precancerous Conditions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101800000795 Proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034809 Product contamination Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100405024 Proteus mirabilis (strain HI4320) npdA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108050008901 Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000348 Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100070871 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) hisH2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100408135 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) phnA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100169519 Pyrococcus abyssi (strain GE5 / Orsay) dapAL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010081208 RMFPNAPYL Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009572 RNA Polymerase II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009460 RNA Polymerase II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004518 RNA Probes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003391 RNA probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006819 RNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000015634 Rectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091081062 Repeated sequence (DNA) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000000582 Retinoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091028664 Ribonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100313751 Rickettsia conorii (strain ATCC VR-613 / Malish 7) thyX gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061934 Salivary gland cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000003801 Sigesbeckia orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003407 Sigesbeckia orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000021712 Soft tissue sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000102 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091081024 Start codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710196623 Stimulator of interferon genes protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000264435 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193996 Streptococcus pyogenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194022 Streptococcus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100278777 Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145) dxs1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100125907 Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145) ilvC1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100126492 Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145) ispG1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000187392 Streptomyces griseus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100116197 Streptomyces lavendulae dcsC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100116199 Streptomyces lavendulae dcsE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001662 Subependymal Glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108050004141 Sugar phosphate transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015898 Sugar phosphate transporters Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000018509 Sulfate Transporters Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010091582 Sulfate Transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006044 T cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006052 T cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940122760 T cell stimulant Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126547 T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000173 T-lymphoid precursor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108700026226 TATA Box Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100057034 Talaromyces wortmannii astB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039360 Toll-like receptor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700009124 Transcription Initiation Site Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002501 Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LFTYTUAZOPRMMI-CFRASDGPSA-N UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C)[C@H]1OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C(NC(=O)C=C2)=O)O1 LFTYTUAZOPRMMI-CFRASDGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFTYTUAZOPRMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD164450 Natural products O1C(CO)C(O)C(O)C(NC(=O)C)C1OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1C(O)C(O)C(N2C(NC(=O)C=C2)=O)O1 LFTYTUAZOPRMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008385 Urogenital Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020000963 Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700618 Vaccinia virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047741 Vulval cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026448 Wilms tumor 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000269370 Xenopus <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091006550 Zinc transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033289 adaptive immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000009956 adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002534 adenoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001780 adrenocortical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003295 alanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](C)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000735 allogeneic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 108010012597 alveolysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000007538 anal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036783 anaphylactic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003455 anaphylaxis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010002224 anaplastic astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014534 anaplastic ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013938 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005809 anti-tumor immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006023 anti-tumor response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011165 anus cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150118463 argG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150089004 argR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000004436 artificial bacterial chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 101150057409 asnB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150070145 aspB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940009098 aspartate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005476 astroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150099905 atpA2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150090348 atpC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150099875 atpE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150103189 atpG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000688 bacterial toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003938 benzyl alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UUQMNUMQCIQDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N betahistine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CC=CC=N1 UUQMNUMQCIQDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008436 biogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000000053 blastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 101150057791 bsh gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150014229 carA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150070764 carB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000011892 carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150089563 cbiA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150038972 cbiD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000022534 cell killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010702 central neurocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001638 cerebellum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQYIXOPJPLGCRZ-REZTVBANSA-N chembl103111 Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(\C=N\NC(=O)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1O BQYIXOPJPLGCRZ-REZTVBANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000007369 choroid plexus cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006571 choroid plexus carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010240 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150018117 cobB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150103647 cobQ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150094543 cobS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007821 culture assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150094831 cysK gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150112941 cysK1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150029709 cysM gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003436 cytoskeletal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150011371 dapA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150062988 dapF gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150100742 dapL gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150012893 dat gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008260 defense mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002672 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPTBLXKRQACLCR-XVFCMESISA-N dihydrouridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)CC1 ZPTBLXKRQACLCR-XVFCMESISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005750 disease progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 101150056470 dxs gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950010033 ebselen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000008184 embryoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002357 endometrial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009483 enzymatic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004101 esophageal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150026389 fabF gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150035981 fabH gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000010255 female reproductive organ cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150054723 fliI gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150073342 folC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150045875 folP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108091008053 gene clusters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004077 genetic alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000118 genetic alteration Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150041871 gltB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150039906 gltD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002307 glutamic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000005787 hematologic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009033 hematopoietic malignancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150107671 hisB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150056694 hisC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150113423 hisD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150096813 hisF gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150032598 hisG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150091195 hisH gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150021605 hlyA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150033780 ilvB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150090497 ilvC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150043028 ilvD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150105723 ilvD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150077793 ilvH gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150060643 ilvN gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002751 imiquimod Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N imiquimod Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3N(CC(C)C)C=NC3=C(N)N=C21 DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001822 immobilized cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005934 immune activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005746 immune checkpoint blockade Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008629 immune suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005008 immunosuppressive cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091008042 inhibitory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150106970 inlA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150067296 inlJ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003130 interferon gamma Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940047122 interleukins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000185 intracerebroventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002601 intratumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007914 intraventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020001983 isochorismate synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150018742 ispF gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150081094 ispG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000012496 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000022013 kidney Wilms tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000012987 lip and oral cavity carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030173 low grade glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005296 lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000042200 major facilitator family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091077527 major facilitator family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030883 malignant astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000006178 malignant mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013411 master cell bank Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008203 medulloepithelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150095079 menB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150095438 metK gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150115974 metX gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150043924 metXA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150083023 mgsA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003632 microfilament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003226 mitogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000004058 mixed glioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014490 mixed neuronal-glial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091005601 modified peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150023205 murA1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150089003 murA2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150093075 murD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150037968 murG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 231100000707 mutagenic chemical Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000869 mutational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004057 myxopapillary ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011519 neuroendocrine tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014500 neuronal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000008859 olfactory neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010073131 oligoastrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000022744 oligopeptide binding proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091013547 oligopeptide binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000771 oncological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000002740 oral squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150013947 pabB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PIRWNASAJNPKHT-SHZATDIYSA-N pamp Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PIRWNASAJNPKHT-SHZATDIYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030940 penile carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008174 penis carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010082406 peptide permease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002628 peritoneum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150053431 phaZ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150028857 phoP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004713 phosphodiesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000030592 phosphoserine aminotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088694 phosphoserine aminotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000054765 polymorphisms of proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003148 prolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150054232 pyrG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010038038 rectal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940100618 rectal suppository Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006215 rectal suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000001275 rectum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000037983 regulatory factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091008025 regulatory factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BXNMTOQRYBFHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N resiquimod Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N(C(COCC)=N3)CC(C)(C)O)C3=C(N)N=C21 BXNMTOQRYBFHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010550 resiquimod Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000006402 rhabdoid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 101150095594 rluB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000003804 salivary gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150003830 serC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003355 serines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010106 skin squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037439 somatic mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940063673 spermidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940038774 squalene oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000017572 squamous cell neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002660 stem cell treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000004059 subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030819 subependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003957 thoracic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 101150072448 thrB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150000850 thrC gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003588 threonines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 101150072314 thyA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940044655 toll-like receptor 9 agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005026 transcription initiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091006106 transcriptional activators Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150019416 trpA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150081616 trpB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150111232 trpB-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150044170 trpE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150004782 trpS2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150017621 truA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150104105 truB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000000430 tryptophan group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(C(=O)O*)C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N([H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C12 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150103517 uppS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940096973 urethral suppository Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006217 urethral suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010063664 uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003643 uroporphyrinogen-III synthase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000012991 uterine carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005290 uterine carcinosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019143 vitamin K2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011728 vitamin K2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940041603 vitamin k 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010062110 water dikinase pyruvate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002424 x-ray crystallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010088577 zinc-binding protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
- A61K39/001152—Transcription factors, e.g. SOX or c-MYC
- A61K39/001153—Wilms tumor 1 [WT1]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4748—Tumour specific antigens; Tumour rejection antigen precursors [TRAP], e.g. MAGE
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/62—DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55516—Proteins; Peptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/40—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag for immunodetection, or an epitope for immunisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/95—Fusion polypeptide containing a motif/fusion for degradation (ubiquitin fusions, PEST sequence)
Definitions
- WTl Wilms tumor protein
- the Wilms tumor protein (WTl) is overexpressed in a number of cancers and may play an oncologic role in hematologic malignancies and a variety of solid tumors, including leukemia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and other cancers.
- WTl may be a promising target for immunotherapy and for harnessing the immune system to treat patients with cancers associated with expression of WTl .
- LLO listeriolysin-0
- recombinant Listeria strains comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WTl) peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide. Also provided are such fusion polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding such fusion polypeptides.
- immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines comprising a recombinant Listeria strain comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WTl) peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide.
- WTl Wilms tumor protein
- immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines comprising the fusion polypeptide or a nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide.
- kits for inducing an anti-WTl immune response or inducing immune response against a WTl -expressing or WTl -associated tumor or cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a recombinant Listeria strain comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WTl) peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide.
- WTl Wilms tumor protein
- Also provided are methods of inducing an immune response against a WTl-expresing or WTl-associated tumor or cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject the fusion polypeptide or a nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide, an immunogenic composition comprising the fusion polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide, or a vaccine comprising the fusion polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide.
- kits for preventing or treating a WTl- expresing or WTl-associated tumor or cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a recombinant Listeria strain comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WTl) peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide.
- WTl Wilms tumor protein
- Also provided are methods of preventing or treating a WT1- expresing or WTl-associated tumor or cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject the fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide, an immunogenic composition comprising the fusion polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide, or a vaccine comprising the fusion polypeptide or the nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide.
- cell banks comprising one or more recombinant Listeria strains comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WTl) peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide.
- WTl Wilms tumor protein
- Figure 1 shows a Western blot of the Lmdda-WTl- tLLO-FLAG-Pl -P2-P3- heteroclitic tyrosine construct.
- Lane 1 is the ladder
- lane 2 is the Lmdda-WTl-tLLO-FLAG- Pl-P2-P3-heteroclitic tyrosine construct (59 kDa)
- lane 3 is a negative control.
- Figure 2 shows an anti-LLO Western blot of the Lmdda-WTl -het- YLGEQQYS V (SEQ ID NO: 107) and Lmdda-WTl -het- YLGATLKGV (SEQ ID NO: 109) constructs.
- Lanes 1 and 2 are the Lmdda-WTl -het- YLGEQQYS V (SEQ ID NO: 107) construct
- lanes 3 and 4 are the Lmdda-WTl -het- YLGATLKGV (SEQ ID NO: 109) construct.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic of a seven-peptide Lmdda-WTl- tLLO-Pl-P2-P3-P4- P5-P6-P7 construct.
- Figure 4 shows anti-Flag Western blot of different clones of the seven-peptide Lmdda-WTl- tLLO-Pl-P2-P3-P4-P5-P6-P7 construct. Anti-p60 was used as a control.
- protein refers to polymeric forms of amino acids of any length, including coded and non-coded amino acids and chemically or biochemically modified or derivatized amino acids. The terms include polymers that have been modified, such as polypeptides having modified peptide backbones.
- Proteins are said to have an "N-terminus” and a "C-terminus.”
- N- terminus relates to the start of a protein or polypeptide, terminated by an amino acid with a free amine group (-NH2).
- C-terminus relates to the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
- fusion protein refers to a protein comprising two or more peptides linked together by peptide bonds or other chemical bonds.
- the peptides can be linked together directly by a peptide or other chemical bond.
- a chimeric molecule can be recombinantly expressed as a single-chain fusion protein.
- the peptides can be linked together by a "linker” such as one or more amino acids or another suitable linker between the two or more peptides.
- nucleic acid and “polynucleotide,” used interchangeably herein, refer to polymeric forms of nucleotides of any length, including ribonucleotides,
- deoxyribonucleotides or analogs or modified versions thereof. They include single-, double- , and multi-stranded DNA or RNA, genomic DNA, cDNA, DNA-RNA hybrids, and polymers comprising purine bases, pyrimidine bases, or other natural, chemically modified, biochemically modified, non-natural, or derivatized nucleotide bases.
- Nucleic acids are said to have "5' ends” and "3 ' ends” because mononucleotides are reacted to make oligonucleotides in a manner such that the 5' phosphate of one mononucleotide pentose ring is attached to the 3 ' oxygen of its neighbor in one direction via a phosphodiester linkage.
- An end of an oligonucleotide is referred to as the "5 ' end” if its 5 ' phosphate is not linked to the 3 ' oxygen of a mononucleotide pentose ring.
- An end of an oligonucleotide is referred to as the "3 ' end” if its 3 ' oxygen is not linked to a 5 ' phosphate of another mononucleotide pentose ring.
- a nucleic acid sequence even if internal to a larger oligonucleotide, also may be said to have 5' and 3 ' ends.
- discrete elements are referred to as being "upstream” or 5' of the "downstream” or 3' elements.
- Codon optimization refers to a process of modifying a nucleic acid sequence for enhanced expression in particular host cells by replacing at least one codon of the native sequence with a codon that is more frequently or most frequently used in the genes of the host cell while maintaining the native amino acid sequence.
- a polynucleotide encoding a fusion polypeptide can be modified to substitute codons having a higher frequency of usage in a given Listeria cell or any other host cell as compared to the naturally occurring nucleic acid sequence. Codon usage tables are readily available, for example, at the "Codon Usage Database.” The optimal codons utilized by L.
- plasmid or "vector” includes any known delivery vector including a bacterial delivery vector, a viral vector delivery vector, a peptide immunotherapy delivery vector, a DNA immunotherapy delivery vector, an episomal plasmid, an integrative plasmid, or a phage vector.
- vector refers to a construct which is capable of delivering, and, optionally, expressing, one or more fusion polypeptides in a host cell.
- extrachromosomal plasmid refers to a nucleic acid vector that is physically separate from chromosomal DNA (i.e., episomal or
- a plasmid may be linear or circular, and it may be single- stranded or double-stranded.
- Episomal plasmids may optionally persist in multiple copies in a host cell's cytoplasm (e.g., Listeria), resulting in amplification of any genes of interest within the episomal plasmid.
- nucleic acid that has been introduced into a cell such that the nucleotide sequence integrates into the genome of the cell and is capable of being inherited by progeny thereof. Any protocol may be used for the stable incorporation of a nucleic acid into the genome of a cell.
- stably maintained refers to maintenance of a nucleic acid molecule or plasmid in the absence of selection (e.g., antibiotic selection) for at least 10 generations without detectable loss.
- the period can be at least 15 generations, 20 generations, at least 25 generations, at least 30 generations, at least 40 generations, at least 50 generations, at least 60 generations, at least 80 generations, at least 100 generations, at least 150 generations, at least 200 generations, at least 300 generations, or at least 500 generations.
- Stably maintained can refer to a nucleic acid molecule or plasmid being maintained stably in cells in vitro (e.g., in culture), being maintained stably in vivo, or both.
- An "open reading frame” or “ORF” is a portion of a DNA which contains a sequence of bases that could potentially encode a protein. As an example, an ORF can be located between the start-code sequence (initiation codon) and the stop-codon sequence (termination codon) of a gene.
- a "promoter” is a regulatory region of DNA usually comprising a TATA box capable of directing RNA polymerase II to initiate RNA synthesis at the appropriate transcription initiation site for a particular polynucleotide sequence. A promoter may additionally comprise other regions which influence the transcription initiation rate. The promoter sequences disclosed herein modulate transcription of an operably linked polynucleotide.
- a promoter can be active in one or more of the cell types disclosed herein (e.g., a eukaryotic cell, a non-human mammalian cell, a human cell, a rodent cell, a pluripotent cell, a one-cell stage embryo, a differentiated cell, or a combination thereof).
- a promoter can be, for example, a constitutively active promoter, a conditional promoter, an inducible promoter, a temporally restricted promoter (e.g., a develop mentally regulated promoter), or a spatially restricted promoter (e.g., a cell-specific or tissue-specific promoter). Examples of promoters can be found, for example, in WO 2013/176772, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- operably linked refers to the juxtaposition of two or more components (e.g., a promoter and another sequence element) such that both components function normally and allow the possibility that at least one of the components can mediate a function that is exerted upon at least one of the other components.
- a promoter can be operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter controls the level of transcription of the coding sequence in response to the presence or absence of one or more transcriptional regulatory factors.
- Operable linkage can include such sequences being contiguous with each other or acting in trans (e.g., a regulatory sequence can act at a distance to control transcription of the coding sequence).
- sequence identity in the context of two polynucleotides or polypeptide sequences makes reference to the residues in the two sequences that are the same when aligned for maximum correspondence over a specified comparison window.
- sequence identity or “identity” in the context of two polynucleotides or polypeptide sequences makes reference to the residues in the two sequences that are the same when aligned for maximum correspondence over a specified comparison window.
- percentage of sequence identity is used in reference to proteins it is recognized that residue positions which are not identical often differ by conservative amino acid substitutions, where amino acid residues are substituted for other amino acid residues with similar chemical properties (e.g., charge or hydrophobicity) and therefore do not change the functional properties of the molecule.
- sequences differ in conservative substitutions the percent sequence identity may be adjusted upwards to correct for the conservative nature of the substitution.
- Sequences that differ by such conservative substitutions are said to have "sequence similarity" or "similarity.” Means for making this adjustment are well known to those of skill in the art. Typically, this involves scoring a conservative substitution as a partial rather than a full mismatch, thereby increasing the percentage sequence identity. Thus, for example, where an identical amino acid is given a score of 1 and a non-conservative substitution is given a score of zero, a conservative substitution is given a score between zero and 1. The scoring of conservative substitutions is calculated, e.g., as implemented in the program PC/GENE (Intelligenetics, Mountain View, California).
- Percentage of sequence identity refers to the value determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences (greatest number of perfectly matched residues) over a comparison window, wherein the portion of the polynucleotide sequence in the comparison window may comprise additions or deletions (i.e., gaps) as compared to the reference sequence (which does not comprise additions or deletions) for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which the identical nucleic acid base or amino acid residue occurs in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of positions in the window of comparison, and multiplying the result by 100 to yield the percentage of sequence identity. Unless otherwise specified (e.g., the shorter sequence includes a linked heterologous sequence), the comparison window is the full length of the shorter of the two sequences being compared.
- sequence identity/similarity values refer to the value obtained using GAP Version 10 using the following parameters: % identity and % similarity for a nucleotide sequence using GAP Weight of 50 and Length Weight of 3, and the nwsgapdna.cmp scoring matrix; % identity and % similarity for an amino acid sequence using GAP Weight of 8 and Length Weight of 2, and the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix; or any equivalent program thereof.
- "Equivalent program” includes any sequence comparison program that, for any two sequences in question, generates an alignment having identical nucleotide or amino acid residue matches and an identical percent sequence identity when compared to the corresponding alignment generated by GAP Version 10.
- conservative amino acid substitution refers to the substitution of an amino acid that is normally present in the sequence with a different amino acid of similar size, charge, or polarity.
- conservative substitutions include the substitution of a non-polar (hydrophobic) residue such as isoleucine, valine, or leucine for another non-polar residue.
- conservative substitutions include the substitution of one polar (hydrophilic) residue for another such as between arginine and lysine, between glutamine and asparagine, or between glycine and serine.
- substitution of a basic residue such as lysine, arginine, or histidine for another, or the substitution of one acidic residue such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid for another acidic residue are additional examples of conservative substitutions.
- non-conservative substitutions include the substitution of a non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acid residue such as isoleucine, valine, leucine, alanine, or methionine for a polar (hydrophilic) residue such as cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid or lysine and/or a polar residue for a non-polar residue.
- Typical amino acid categorizations are summarized below.
- a "homologous" sequence refers to a sequence that is either identical or substantially similar to a known reference sequence, such that it is, for example, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to the known reference sequence.
- wild type refers to entities having a structure and/or activity as found in a normal (as contrasted with mutant, diseased, altered, or so forth) state or context. Wild type gene and polypeptides often exist in multiple different forms (e.g., alleles).
- isolated refers to proteins and nucleic acids that are relatively purified with respect to other bacterial, viral or cellular components that may normally be present in situ, up to and including a substantially pure preparation of the protein and the polynucleotide.
- isolated also includes proteins and nucleic acids that have no naturally occurring counterpart, have been chemically synthesized and are thus substantially uncontaminated by other proteins or nucleic acids, or has been separated or purified from most other cellular components with which they are naturally accompanied (e.g., other cellular proteins, polynucleotides, or cellular components).
- Exogenous or heterologous molecules or sequences are molecules or sequences that are not normally expressed in a cell or are not normally present in a cell in that form. Normal presence includes presence with respect to the particular developmental stage and environmental conditions of the cell.
- An exogenous or heterologous molecule or sequence for example, can include a mutated version of a corresponding endogenous sequence within the cell or can include a sequence corresponding to an endogenous sequence within the cell but in a different form (i.e., not within a chromosome).
- An exogenous or heterologous molecule or sequence in a particular cell can also be a molecule or sequence derived from a different species than a reference species of the cell or from a different organism within the same species.
- the heterologous polypeptide could be a polypeptide that is not native or endogenous to the Listeria strain, that is not normally expressed by the Listeria strain, from a source other than the Listeria strain, derived from a different organism within the same species.
- endogenous molecules or sequences or “native” molecules or sequences are molecules or sequences that are normally present in that form in a particular cell at a particular developmental stage under particular environmental conditions.
- variant refers to an amino acid or nucleic acid sequence (or an organism or tissue) that is different from the majority of the population but is still sufficiently similar to the common mode to be considered to be one of them (e.g., splice variants).
- isoform refers to a version of a molecule (e.g., a protein) with only slight differences compared to another isoform, or version (e.g., of the same protein).
- protein isoforms may be produced from different but related genes, they may arise from the same gene by alternative splicing, or they may arise from single nucleotide polymorphisms.
- fragment when referring to a protein means a protein that is shorter or has fewer amino acids than the full length protein.
- fragment when referring to a nucleic acid means a nucleic acid that is shorter or has fewer nucleotides than the full length nucleic acid.
- a fragment can be, for example, an N-terminal fragment (i.e., removal of a portion of the C-terminal end of the protein), a C-terminal fragment (i.e., removal of a portion of the N-terminal end of the protein), or an internal fragment.
- a fragment can also be, for example, a functional fragment or an immunogenic fragment.
- analog when referring to a protein means a protein that differs from a naturally occurring protein by conservative amino acid differences, by modifications which do not affect amino acid sequence, or by both.
- the term "functional” refers to the innate ability of a protein or nucleic acid (or a fragment, isoform, or variant thereof) to exhibit a biological activity or function.
- biological activities or functions can include, for example, the ability to elicit an immune response when administered to a subject.
- biological activities or functions can also include, for example, binding to an interaction partner.
- these biological functions may in fact be changed (e.g., with respect to their specificity or selectivity), but with retention of the basic biological function.
- immunogenicity refers to the innate ability of a molecule (e.g., a protein, a nucleic acid, an antigen, or an organism) to elicit an immune response in a subject when administered to the subject. Immunogenicity can be measured, for example, by a greater number of antibodies to the molecule, a greater diversity of antibodies to the molecule, a greater number of T-cells specific for the molecule, a greater cytotoxic or helper T-cell response to the molecule, and the like.
- a molecule e.g., a protein, a nucleic acid, an antigen, or an organism
- Immunogenicity can be measured, for example, by a greater number of antibodies to the molecule, a greater diversity of antibodies to the molecule, a greater number of T-cells specific for the molecule, a greater cytotoxic or helper T-cell response to the molecule, and the like.
- antigen is used herein to refer to a substance that, when placed in contact with a subject or organism (e.g., when present in or when detected by the subject or organism), results in a detectable immune response from the subject or organism.
- An antigen may be, for example, a lipid, a protein, a carbohydrate, a nucleic acid, or combinations and variations thereof.
- an "antigenic peptide” refers to a peptide that leads to the mounting of an immune response in a subject or organism when present in or detected by the subject or organism.
- an "antigenic peptide” may encompass proteins that are loaded onto and presented on MHC class I and/or class II molecules on a host cell' s surface and can be recognized or detected by an immune cell of the host, thereby leading to the mounting of an immune response against the protein.
- an immune response may also extend to other cells within the host, such as diseased cells (e.g., tumor or cancer cells) that express the same protein.
- epitope refers to a site on an antigen that is recognized by the immune system (e.g., to which an antibody binds).
- An epitope can be formed from contiguous amino acids or noncontiguous amino acids juxtaposed by tertiary folding of one or more proteins. Epitopes formed from contiguous amino acids (also known as linear epitopes) are typically retained on exposure to denaturing solvents whereas epitopes formed by tertiary folding (also known as conformational epitopes) are typically lost on treatment with denaturing solvents.
- An epitope typically includes at least 3, and more usually, at least 5 or 8-10 amino acids in a unique spatial conformation.
- Methods of determining spatial conformation of epitopes include, for example, x-ray crystallography and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. See, e.g., Epitope Mapping Protocols, in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 66, Glenn E. Morris, Ed. (1996), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- mutation refers to the any change of the structure of a gene or a protein.
- a mutation can result from a deletion, an insertion, a substitution, or a rearrangement of chromosome or a protein.
- An "insertion” changes the number of nucleotides in a gene or the number of amino acids in a protein by adding one or more additional nucleotides or amino acids.
- a “deletion” changes the number of nucleotides in a gene or the number of amino acids in a protein by reducing one or more additional nucleotides or amino acids.
- a "frameshift" mutation in DNA occurs when the addition or loss of nucleotides changes a gene's reading frame.
- a reading frame consists of groups of 3 bases that each code for one amino acid.
- a frameshift mutation shifts the grouping of these bases and changes the code for amino acids.
- the resulting protein is usually nonfunctional. Insertions and deletions can each be frameshift mutations.
- a "missense” mutation or substitution refers to a change in one amino acid of a protein or a point mutation in a single nucleotide resulting in a change in an encoded amino acid.
- a point mutation in a single nucleotide that results in a change in one amino acid is a "nonsynonymous" substitution in the DNA sequence.
- Nonsynonymous substitutions can also result in a "nonsense" mutation in which a codon is changed to a premature stop codon that results in truncation of the resulting protein.
- a "synonymous" mutation in a DNA is one that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein (due to codon degeneracy).
- the term "somatic mutation” includes genetic alterations acquired by a cell other than a germ cell (e.g., sperm or egg). Such mutations can be passed on to progeny of the mutated cell in the course of cell division but are not inheritable. In contrast, a germinal mutation occurs in the germ line and can be passed on to the next generation of offspring.
- in vitro refers to artificial environments and to processes or reactions that occur within an artificial environment (e.g., a test tube).
- compositions or methods “comprising” or “including” one or more recited elements may include other elements not specifically recited.
- a composition that "comprises” or “includes” a protein may contain the protein alone or in combination with other ingredients.
- Designation of a range of values includes all integers within or defining the range, and all subranges defined by integers within the range.
- the term "about” encompasses values within a standard margin of error of measurement (e.g., SEM) of a stated value or variations + 0.5%, 1%, 5%, or 10% from a specified value.
- an antigen or “at least one antigen” can include a plurality of antigens, including mixtures thereof.
- recombinant fusion polypeptides comprising one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WT1) peptides (e.g., fused to a PEST-containing peptide), wherein at least one of the antigenic WT1 peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WT1 peptide.
- WT1 Wilms tumor protein
- recombinant fusion polypeptides do not comprise a ubiquitin protein.
- nucleic acids encoding such fusion polypeptides; recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains comprising such fusion polypeptides or such nucleic acids; cell banks comprising such recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains; immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, and vaccines comprising such fusion polypeptides, such nucleic acids, or such recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains; and methods of generating such fusion polypeptides, such nucleic acids, and such recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains.
- the Lm technology has a mechanism of action that incorporates potent innate immune stimulation, delivery of a target peptide directly into the cytosol of dendritic cells and antigen presenting cells, generation of a targeted T cell response, and reduced immune suppression by regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Multiple treatments can be given and/or combined without neutralizing antibodies.
- the Lm technology can use, for example, live, attenuated, bioengineered Lm bacteria to stimulate the immune system to view tumor cells as potentially bacterial-infected cells and target them for elimination.
- the technology process can start with a live, attenuated strain of Listeria and can add, for example, multiple copies of a plasmid that encodes a fusion protein sequence including a fragment of, for example, the LLO (listeriolysin O) molecule joined to the antigen of interest.
- This fusion protein is secreted by the Listeria inside antigen- presenting cells. This results in a stimulation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system that reduces tumor defense mechanisms and makes it easier for the immune system to attack and destroy the cancer cells.
- WT1 peptides alone are not sufficiently immunogenic upon vaccination and are rapidly degraded. For example, they must be formulated in a squalene oil adjuvant known as Montanide to enhance immunogenicity. Furthermore, the area that will be injected must be pre-treated with injections of the drug filgrastim to induce local inflammation and attract antigen-presenting cells to the area. This combination treatment causes areas of extended induration and multiple injections are required to reach the optimal levels of T cell response, sometimes more than 12 injections. Alternative areas of the body must be injected every time because of the persistence of injection site reactions and delayed-type hypersensitivity.
- the Lm-based vectors disclosed herein offer significant immunologic, clinical, practical, and manufacturing improvements over a peptide emulsion in Montanide combined with filgrastim injections.
- Lm-based vectors are a far superior platform for the generation of CD8+ dominant T cell responses.
- CD8+ T cells are the most effective at killing cancer cells and because Lm vectors present their antigen in the cytoplasm of the APC, those peptides are rapidly shunted to the proteasome for processing, complexed with MHC Class 1 and transported to the APC surface for presentation to predominantly CD8+ T cells.
- Lm vectors increase the expression of chemokine and chemokine receptors on tumors and surrounding lymph nodes. This facilitates the attraction of activated T cells to the vicinity of solid tumors.
- Lm vectors decrease the relative number and suppressive function of immunosuppressive cells that may protect a tumor from T cell attack, better enabling T cell killing of cancer cells. This reduction of the immunosuppressive ability of regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells will better enable T cells generated against these peptides to have better activity in solid tumors.
- Sixth, Lm vectors do not generate neutralizing antibodies. Because of this, these vectors can be administered repeatedly for extended periods of time without the loss of efficacy from neutralizing antibodies and the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity or acute hypersensitivity which may include anaphylaxis.
- Lm vectors have some clinical advantages. Any side effects associated with treatment appear in the hours immediately post-infusion while the patient is still in the clinic, are almost exclusively mild-moderate and respond readily to treatment, and resolve the day of dosing without evidence of delayed onset, cumulative toxicity, or lasting sequalae. Practical advantages include the fact that there is no need to administer multiple agents and switch to alternate dosing sites for subsequent administrations.
- the peptides are manufactured by the bacteria right at the point of use for antigen processing.
- Lm vectors are highly scalable. Once the genetic engineering is complete, the bacteria replicate themselves in broth cultures. The cultures can be scaled up to vastly reduce cost of goods.
- Some of the Lm constructs disclosed herein express the WT1-122A1 long, WT1- 427 long, and/or WTl-331 long peptides as fusion proteins. These peptides are immunogenic in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors in that the majority of patients are found to develop T cell responses to one or more of these peptides. There is a significant correlation between clinical benefit and the development of T cell responses against these peptides. The combination of these peptides provides significant cross reactivity in the major MHC Class 1 HLA haplotypes present in North America. HLA*A02, HLA*A03, HLA*B07.
- Lm constructs disclosed herein express the A24-native, A24-het-l, and/or A24-het-2 peptides as fusion proteins. These add additional coverage for the
- HLA*A24 class 1 haplotype This haplotype represents approximately 10% of the North American population, but it is much more highly represented in Asian populations. For example, some reports cite the frequency of HLA*A24 as high as 90% of people in Japan. It is also quite common in China, South Korea, and other Asian countries.
- the addition of the HLA*A24 peptides provide immunogenic WTl peptides that will generate T cells against WTl in these Asian populations and 10% of North American patients who are not covered by the WT1-122A1 long, WT1-427 long, and WTl-331 long peptides.
- recombinant fusion polypeptides comprising a PEST- containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic WTl peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide.
- recombinant fusion polypeptides comprising a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic WTl peptides, wherein the one or more antigenic WTl peptides comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152 (e.g., one or more or all of SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152).
- the fusion protein can comprise a first antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99, a second antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:
- the fusion protein can comprise a first antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99, a second antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 105, a third antigenic peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 106, and a fourth antigenic peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 152.
- the fusion protein can comprise a first antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 100, a second antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:
- a third antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99
- a fourth antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 103
- a fifth antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 106
- a sixth antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 152
- a seventh antigenic WTl peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98.
- the antigenic WTl peptides can be arranged in the fusion polypeptide in the following order (from N-terminal end to C-terminal end): the first antigenic WTl peptide, the second antigenic WTl peptide, the third antigenic WTl peptide, the fourth antigenic WTl peptide, the fifth antigenic WTl peptide, the sixth antigenic WTl peptide, and the seventh antigenic WTl peptide.
- the peptides can be fused directly together with no intervening sequence or they can be connected by intervening sequences such as linkers or tags.
- the fusion protein can comprise additional sequences N-terminal to the first peptide and/or C-terminal to the seventh peptide.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptide does not comprise a ubiquitin protein.
- the one or more antigenic WTl peptides comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more amino acid sequences having at least 80% homology to one or more of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152.
- an amino acid sequence having at least 80% homology to a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152 comprises, consist essentially of, or consists of amino acids 2-9 or 1-8 of SEQ ID NO: 98, 102, 103, or 104, amino acids 2-15, 3-15, 4-15, 1-14, 1-13, or 1-12 of SEQ ID NO: 105, 106, or 152, amino acids 2-19, 3-19, 4-19, 1-18, 1-17, or 1-16 of SEQ ID NO: 99 or 100, or amino acids 2-22, 3-22, 4-22, 1-21, 1-20, or 1-19 of SEQ ID NO: 101.
- an amino acid sequence having at least 80% homology to a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152 comprises, consist essentially of, or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98, 102, 103, or 104 wherein amino acid number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8 or 9 is substituted, an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105, 106, or 152 wherein amino acid number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 is substituted, an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or 100 wherein amino acid number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 is substituted, or an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 wherein amino acid number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or 22 is substituted.
- an amino acid sequence having at least 80% homology to a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152 comprises, consist essentially of, or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105, 106, or 152 wherein any two of amino acid numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 are substituted, an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or 100 wherein any two or three of amino acid numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 are substituted, or an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 wherein any two or three of amino acid numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or 22 are substituted.
- recombinant fusion polypeptides comprising one or more antigenic WT1 peptides, wherein at least one of the antigenic WT1 peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WT1 peptide, and wherein the fusion polypeptide does not comprise a PEST-containing peptide.
- recombinant fusion polypeptides comprising one or more antigenic WT1 peptides, wherein the one or more antigenic WT1 peptides comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of one or more of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152, and wherein the fusion polypeptide does not comprise a PEST-containing peptide.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptide does not comprise a ubiquitin protein.
- the fusion polypeptide can include a single antigenic WT1 peptide or can include two or more antigenic peptides.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides can comprise one or more tags.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides can comprise one or more peptide tags N- terminal and/or C-terminal to the combination of the one or more antigenic peptides.
- a tag can be fused directly to an antigenic peptide or linked to an antigenic peptide via a linker (examples of which are disclosed elsewhere herein).
- tags include the following: FLAG tag; 2xFLAG tag; 3xFLAG tag; His tag, 6xHis tag; and SIINFEKL tag.
- An exemplary SIINFEKL tag is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16 (encoded by any one of the nucleic acids set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1-15).
- An exemplary 3xFLAG tag is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32 (encoded by any one of the nucleic acids set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 17-31).
- An exemplary variant 3xFLAG tag is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 155.
- Two or more tags can be used together, such as a 2xFLAG tag and a SIINFEKL tag, a 3xFLAG tag and a SIINFEKL tag, or a 6xHis tag and a SIINFEKL tag. If two or more tags are used, they can be located anywhere within the recombinant fusion polypeptide and in any order.
- the two tags can be at the C-terminus of the recombinant fusion polypeptide, the two tags can be at the N-terminus of the recombinant fusion polypeptide, the two tags can be located internally within the recombinant fusion polypeptide, one tag can be at the C-terminus and one tag at the N-terminus of the recombinant fusion polypeptide, one tag can be at the C-terminus and one internally within the recombinant fusion polypeptide, or one tag can be at the N-terminus and one internally within the recombinant fusion polypeptide.
- tags include chitin binding protein (CBP), maltose binding protein (MBP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thioredoxin (TRX), and poly(NANP).
- Particular recombinant fusion polypeptides comprise a C-terminal SIINFEKL tag.
- Such tags can allow for easy detection of the recombinant fusion protein, confirmation of secretion of the recombinant fusion protein, or for following the immunogenicity of the secreted fusion polypeptide by following immune responses to these "tag" sequence peptides. Such immune response can be monitored using a number of reagents including, for example, monoclonal antibodies and DNA or RNA probes specific for these tags.
- SEQ ID NO: 150 which comprises tLLO fused to a FLAG tag, followed by a linker, followed by WTl-427 long (SEQ ID NO: 100), followed by a linker, followed by WT1-331 long (SEQ ID NO: 101), followed by a linker, followed by WT1-122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99).
- SEQ ID NO: 151 Another exemplary fusion polypeptide is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 151, which comprises tLLO fused to a FLAG tag, followed by a linker, followed by WT1-122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99), followed by A24- native-long (SEQ ID NO: 105), followed by A24-het- 1 -long (SEQ ID NO: 106), followed by A24-het-2-long (SEQ ID NO: 152).
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides disclosed herein can be expressed by recombinant Listeria strains or can be expressed and isolated from other vectors and cell systems used for protein expression and isolation.
- Recombinant Listeria strains comprising expressing such antigenic peptides can be used, for example in immunogenic compositions comprising such recombinant Listeria and in vaccines comprising the recombinant Listeria strain and an adjuvant.
- antigenic peptides as a fusion polypeptides with a nonhemolytic truncated form of LLO, ActA, or a PEST- like sequence in host cell systems in Listeria strains and host cell systems other than Listeria can result in enhanced immunogenicity of the antigenic peptides.
- nucleic acids encoding such recombinant fusion polypeptides are also disclosed.
- the nucleic acid can be in any form.
- the nucleic acid can comprise or consist of DNA or RNA, and can be single- stranded or double- stranded.
- the nucleic acid can be in the form of a plasmid, such as an episomal plasmid, a multicopy episomal plasmid, or an integrative plasmid.
- the nucleic acid can be in the form of a viral vector, a phage vector, or in a bacterial artificial chromosome.
- nucleic acids can have one open reading frame or can have two or more open reading frames (e.g., an open reading frame encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide and a second open reading frame encoding a metabolic enzyme).
- such nucleic acids can comprise two or more open reading frames linked by a Shine-Dalgarno ribosome binding site nucleic acid sequence between each open reading frame.
- a nucleic acid can comprise two to four open reading frames linked by a Shine-Dalgarno ribosome binding site nucleic acid sequence between each open reading frame.
- Each open reading frame can encode a different polypeptide.
- the codon encoding the carboxy terminus of the fusion polypeptide is followed by two stop codons to ensure termination of protein synthesis.
- Wilms tumor protein (WT1 , AEWS-GUD, NPHS4, WAGR, WIT-2, WT33 , Wilms tumor 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WT1 gene on chromosome 1 lp. This gene encodes a transcription factor that contains four zinc finger motifs at the C- terminus and a proline/glutamine-rich DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus.
- the WT1 antigen is a transcription factor that is not generally expressed in normal adult cells, but appears in a large number of cancers, as well as in certain cancer stem cells.
- An exemplary human WT gene is assigned GenBank Accession No. AY245105.1.
- Exemplary human WTl proteins are assigned UniProt Accession No. P19544 (SEQ ID NO: 139), NCBI Accession No. NP 001185481.1 (SEQ ID NO: 141), NCBI Accession No.
- NP_001185480.1 SEQ ID NO: 142
- NCBI Accession No. NP_077744.3 SEQ ID NO: 143
- NCBI Accession No. NP_077742.2 SEQ ID NO: 144
- NCBI Accession No. NP_000369.3 SEQ ID NO: 145
- An exemplary WTl fragment including the WTl protein set forth in UniProt Accession No. P19544 with residues 54-68 removed is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 140.
- Other exemplary human WTl proteins or fragments thereof are set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 146-149.
- Exemplary WTl protein homologs from other species include UniProt Accession Nos. P22561 (mouse), P49952 (rat), 062651 (pig), and B7ZSG3
- Antigenic WTl peptides can be native WTl peptides (i.e., native full-length WTl proteins or fragments thereof) or heteroclitic mutant WTl peptides.
- a native WTl protein is a WTl protein that is naturally occurring (e.g., without heteroclitic mutations generated). Nucleic acids encoding full-length native WTl proteins or immunogenic/antigenic fragments of native WTl proteins can be used. Fragments of native WTl proteins include native WTl protein sequences in which one or more of a C-terminal segment has been removed, an N- terminal segment has been removed, or one or more internal fragments have been removed.
- a fragment can be an N-terminal fragment of WTl, a C-terminal fragment of WTl, an internal fragment of WTl, a WTl protein with one or more internal fragments removed, and so forth.
- An example of a WTl protein fragment with an internal fragment removed is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 140.
- Examples of an internal fragment of a native WTl protein i.e., a fragment of a native WTl protein with C-terminal and N-terminal sequence removed) are set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 96, 97, 100-102, and 127-138.
- a fragment of a native WTl protein included in the fusion polypeptide comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the sequence set forth in any one of (or one or more of) SEQ ID NOS: 96, 97, 100-102, 127-138, and 140.
- heteroclitic refers to a peptide that generates an immune response that recognizes the native peptide from which the heteroclitic peptide was derived (e.g., the peptide not containing the anchor residue mutations).
- YMFPNAPYL SEQ ID NO: 98
- RMFPNAPYL SEQ ID NO: 96
- a heteroclitic peptide can generate an immune response that recognizes the native peptide from which the heteroclitic peptide was derived.
- the immune response against the native peptide generated by vaccination with the heteroclitic peptide can be equal or greater in magnitude than the immune response generated by vaccination with the native peptide.
- the immune response can be increased, for example, by 2-fold, 3-fold, 5- fold, 7-fold, 10-fold, 15-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 150-fold, 200-fold, 300- fold, 500-fold, 1000-fold, or more.
- a native or heteroclitic WT1 peptide disclosed herein can bind to one or more HLA molecules.
- HLA molecules also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, bind peptides and present them to immune cells.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- the immunogenicity of a peptide can be partially determined by its affinity for HLA molecules.
- HLA class I molecules interact with CD8 molecules, which are generally present on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).
- CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- HLA class II molecules interact with CD4 molecules, which are generally present on helper T lymphocytes.
- a WT1 peptide disclosed herein can bind to an HLA molecule with sufficient affinity to activate a T cell precursor or with sufficient affinity to mediate recognition by a T cell.
- a native or heteroclitic WT1 peptide disclosed herein can bind to one or more HLA class II molecules.
- a WT1 peptide can bind to an HLA-DRB molecule, an HLA-DRA molecule, an HLA-DQAl molecule, an HLA-DQBl molecule, an HLA-DPAl molecule, an HLA-DPB 1 molecule, an HLA-DMA molecule, an HLA-DMB molecule, an HLA-DOA molecule, or an HLA-DOB molecule.
- a native or heteroclitic WT1 peptide disclosed herein can bind to one or more HLA class I molecules.
- a WT1 peptide can bind to an HLA-A molecule, an HLA-B molecule, an HLA-C molecule, an HLA-A0201 molecule, HLA Al, HLA A2, HLA A2.1, HLA A3, HLA A3.2, HLA Al l, HLA A24, HLA B7, HLA B27, or HLA B8.
- a WT-1 peptide can bind to a superfamily of HLA class I molecules, such as the A2 superfamily, the A3 superfamily, the A24 superfamily, the B7 superfamily, the B27 superfamily, the B44 superfamily, the CI superfamily, or the C4 superfamily.
- a superfamily of HLA class I molecules such as the A2 superfamily, the A3 superfamily, the A24 superfamily, the B7 superfamily, the B27 superfamily, the B44 superfamily, the CI superfamily, or the C4 superfamily.
- Heteroclitic WT1 peptides can comprise a mutation that enhances binding of the peptide to an HLA class II molecule relative to the corresponding native WT1 peptide.
- heteroclitic WT1 peptides can comprise a mutation that enhances binding of the peptide to an HLA class I molecule relative to the corresponding native WT1 peptide.
- the mutated residue can be an HLA class II motif anchor residue.
- Anchor motifs or “anchor residues” refers, in another embodiment, to one or a set of preferred residues at particular positions in an HLA-binding sequence (e.g., an HLA class II binding sequence or an HLA class I binding sequence).
- baseline predicted peptide-MHC binding affinity of the wild-type epitopes can be determined using NetMHCpan 3.0 Server
- a peptide-MHC binding affinity percent rank of less than or equal to 1.0 is considered a strong binder that is likely to elicit an immune response.
- Potential heteroclitic epitopes are generated by random substitution of 1 or more amino acids at, but not limited to, positions 1 , 2, 3, or the C-terminal position of the wild-type epitope that is predicted to be a strong binder. The peptide-MHC binding affinity of the potential heteroclitic epitopes is then estimated using NetMHCpan 3.0 Server. Heteroclitic epitopes with percentage ranking binding affinities similar to wild-type epitopes and less than or equal to 1.0 percentage rank can be considered potential antigens for future validation.
- the MHC class II epitope can be predicted using EpiMatrix (De Groot et al. (1997) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 13:529-531, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- the MHC class II epitope can be predicted using the Predict Method (Yu K et al. (2002) Mol. Med. 8: 137-148, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- the MHC class II epitope can be predicted using the SYFPEITHI epitope prediction algorithm.
- SYFPEITHI is a database comprising more than 4500 peptide sequences known to bind class I and class II MHC molecules.
- SYFPEITHI provides a score based on the presence of certain amino acids in certain positions along the MHC-binding groove.
- Ideal amino acid anchors are valued at 10 points, unusual anchors are worth 6-8 points, auxiliary anchors are worth 4-6 points, preferred residues are worth 1-4 points; negative amino acid effect on the binding score between -1 and -3.
- the maximum score for HLA-A*0201 is 36.
- the MHC class II epitope can be predicted using Rankpep.
- Rankpep uses position specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) or profiles from sets of aligned peptides known to bind to a given MHC molecule as the predictor of MHC-peptide binding.
- PSSMs position specific scoring matrices
- Rankpep includes information on the score of the peptide and the % optimum or percentile score of the predicted peptide relative to that of a consensus sequence that yields the maximum score, with the selected profile.
- Rankpep includes a selection of 102 and 80 PSSMs for the prediction of peptide binding to MHC I and MHC II molecules, respectively.
- PSSMs for the prediction of peptide binders of different sizes are usually available for each MHC I molecule.
- the MHC class II epitope can be identified using SVMHC (Donnes and Elofsson (2002) BMC Bioinformatics 11 ; 3 :25, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- MHC class I epitopes are also well-known.
- the MHC class I epitope can be predicted using BIMAS software.
- a BIMAS score is based on the calculation of the theoretical half-life of the MHC-I/ 2-microglobulin/peptide complex, which is a measure of peptide-binding affinity.
- the program uses information about HLA-I peptides of 8-10 amino acids in length. The higher the binding affinity of a peptide to the MHC, the higher the likelihood that this peptide represents an epitope.
- the BIMAS algorithm assumes that each amino acid in the peptide contributes independently to binding to the class I molecule.
- Dominant anchor residues which are critical for binding, have coefficients in the tables that are significantly higher than 1. Unfavorable amino acids have positive coefficients that are less than 1. If an amino acid is not known to make either a favorable or unfavorable contribution to binding, then it is assigned the value 1. All the values assigned to the amino acids are multiplied and the resulting running score is multiplied by a constant to yield an estimate of half-time of dissociation.
- the MHC class I epitope can be identified using SYFPEITHI.
- the MHC class I epitope can be identified using SVMHC.
- the MHC class I epitope can be identified using NetMHC-2.0 (Buus et al. (2003) Tissue Antigens 62:378-384, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- a mutation that enhances MHC binding is in the residue at position 1 of the HLA class I binding motif (e.g., a mutation to tyrosine, glycine, threonine, or phenylalanine).
- the mutation can be in position 2 of the HLA class I binding motif (e.g., a mutation to leucine, valine, iso leucine, or methionine).
- the mutation can be in position 6 of the HLA class I binding motif (e.g., to valine, cysteine, glutamine, or histidine).
- the mutation can be in position 9 of the HLA class I binding motif or in the C-terminal position (e.g., to valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, alanine, or cysteine).
- the mutation can be in a primary anchor residue or in a secondary anchor residue.
- the HLA class I primary anchor residues can be positions 2 and 9, and the secondary anchor residues can be positions 1 and 8 or positions 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8.
- a point mutation can be in a position selected from positions 4, 5, and 8.
- HLA class II binding sites can be mutated.
- an HLA class II motif anchor residue can be modified.
- the PI position, the P2 position, the P6 position, or the P9 position can be mutated.
- theP4 position, the P5 position, the P10 position, the Pll position, the P12 position, or the PI 3 position can be mutated.
- the fusion polypeptide can include a single antigenic WTl peptide or can include two or more antigenic WTl peptides.
- the fusion polypeptide can comprise 2- 20, 2-15, 2-10, 2-7, 2-5, or 2-4 antigenic WTl peptides (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 antigenic WTl peptides).
- Two or more or all of the antigenic WTl peptides can be the same, or two or more or all of the antigenic WTl peptides can be different (e.g., each antigenic WTl peptide can be different).
- a first antigenic peptide is different from a second antigenic peptide if it includes a single amino acid that is not in the second antigenic peptide.
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2-7, 2-5, or 2-4 heteroclitic WTl peptides (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 heteroclitic WTl peptides).
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2- 7, 2-5, or 2-4 native WTl peptides (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 native WTl peptides).
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroclitic WTl peptides and/or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 4 native WTl peptides.
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise 1 heteroclitic WTl peptide and 2 native WTl peptides.
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise 2 heteroclitic WTl peptides and 2 native WTl peptides.
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise 3 heteroclitic WTl peptides and 3 native WTl peptides.
- Each antigenic peptide can be of any length sufficient to induce an immune response, and each antigenic peptide can be the same length or the antigenic peptides can have different lengths.
- an antigenic WTl peptide disclosed herein can be between about 8-600, 8-500, 8-450, 8-400, 8-350, 8-300, 8-250, 8-200, 8-150, 8-100, 8-90, 8- 80, 8-70, 8-60, 8-50, 8-40, 8-30, 8-20, 8-15, 8-12, or 8-10 amino acids in length.
- an antigenic WTl peptide can be, for example, no more than about 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, or 600 amino acids in length, or an antigenic WTl peptide can be, for example, at least about 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, or 600 amino acids in length.
- Exemplary native and corresponding heteroclitic mutant WTl peptides encoded by Lm constructs are provided in the following table. Mutated residues in the heteroclitic peptides are bolded and underlined.
- a fusion polypeptide comprises a heteroclitic mutant WT1 peptide that comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 98, 99, 103, 104, 106, 107-126, and 152.
- the heteroclitic mutant peptide can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 98 (WT1-A1), 99 (WT1-122A1 long), 103 (A24-het-l), 104 (A24-het-2), 106 (A24-het-l-long), or 152 (A24-het-2-long).
- a fusion polypeptide comprises one or more or all of WT1-122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99), WTl-427 long (SEQ ID NO: 100), and WT1-331 long (SEQ ID NO: 101) or comprises a first peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99, a second peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 100, and a third peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 101.
- SEQ ID NO: 153 which comprises WTl-427 long (SEQ ID NO: 100), followed by a linker, followed by WT1-331 long (SEQ ID NO: 101), followed by a linker, followed by WT1-122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99).
- a fusion polypeptide can comprise one or more or all of WT1-122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99), A24-native-long (SEQ ID NO: 105), A24-het-l-long (SEQ ID NO: 106), and A-24-het-2- long (SEQ ID NO: 152) or can comprise a first peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99, a second peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 105, a third peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 106, and a fourth peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 152.
- SEQ ID NO: 154 which comprises WT1- 122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99), followed by A24-native-long (SEQ ID NO: 105), followed by A24-het-l-long (SEQ ID NO: 106), followed by A24-het-2-long (SEQ ID NO: 152).
- Each antigenic peptide can also be hydrophilic or can score up to or below a certain hydropathy threshold, which can be predictive of secretability in Listeria
- antigenic peptides can be scored by a Kyte and Doolittle hydropathy index 21 amino acid window, and all scoring above a cutoff (around 1.6) can be excluded as they are unlikely to be secretable by Listeria monocytogenes.
- the combination of antigenic peptides or the fusion polypeptide can be hydrophilic or can score up to or below a certain hydropathy threshold, which can be predictive of secretability in Listeria monocytogenes or another bacteria of interest.
- the antigenic peptides can be linked together in any manner.
- the antigenic peptides can be fused directly to each other with no intervening sequence.
- the antigenic peptides can be linked to each other indirectly via one or more linkers, such as peptide linkers.
- some pairs of adjacent antigenic peptides can be fused directly to each other, and other pairs of antigenic peptides can be linked to each other indirectly via one or more linkers.
- the same linker can be used between each pair of adjacent antigenic peptides, or any number of different linkers can be used between different pairs of adjacent antigenic peptides.
- one linker can be used between a pair of adjacent antigenic peptides, or multiple linkers can be used between a pair of adjacent antigenic peptides.
- a linker sequence may be, for example, from 1 to about 50 amino acids in length. Some linkers may be hydrophilic. The linkers can serve varying purposes. For example, the linkers can serve to increase bacterial secretion, to facilitate antigen processing, to increase flexibility of the fusion polypeptide, to increase rigidity of the fusion polypeptide, or any other purpose. In some cases, different amino acid linker sequences are distributed between the antigenic peptides or different nucleic acids encoding the same amino acid linker sequence are distributed between the antigenic peptides (e.g., SEQ ID NOS: 84-94) in order to minimize repeats.
- peptide linker sequences may be chosen, for example, based on one or more of the following factors: (1) their ability to adopt a flexible extended conformation; (2) their inability to adopt a secondary structure that could interact with functional epitopes on the antigenic peptides; and (3) the lack of hydrophobic or charged residues that might react with the functional epitopes.
- peptide linker sequences may contain Gly, Asn and Ser residues.
- linker sequences which may be usefully employed as linkers include those disclosed in Maratea et al. (1985) Gene 40:39-46; Murphy et al. (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 :8258-8262; US 4,935,233 ; and US 4,751 ,180, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- linkers include those in the following table (each of which can be used by itself as a linker, in a linker comprising repeats of the sequence, or in a linker further comprising one or more of the other sequences in the table), although others can also be envisioned (see, e.g., Reddy Chichili et al. (2013) Protein Science 22:153-167, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes). Unless specified, "n" represents an undetermined number of repeats in the listed linker.
- the recombinant fusion proteins disclosed herein comprise a PEST-containing peptide.
- the PEST-containing peptide may at the amino terminal (N-terminal) end of the fusion polypeptide (i.e., N-terminal to the antigenic peptides), may be at the carboxy terminal (C-terminal) end of the fusion polypeptide (i.e., C-terminal to the antigenic peptides), or may be embedded within the antigenic peptides.
- a PEST containing peptide is not part of and is separate from the fusion
- Fusion of an antigenic peptides to a PEST-like sequence, such as an LLO peptide, can enhance the immunogenicity of the antigenic peptides and can increase cell- mediated and antitumor immune responses (i.e., increase cell- mediated and anti- tumor immunity). See, e.g. , Singh et al. (2005) J Immunol 175(6):3663-3673, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- a PEST-containing peptide is one that comprises a PEST sequence or a PEST-like sequence.
- PEST sequences in eukaryotic proteins have long been identified. For example, proteins containing amino acid sequences that are rich in prolines (P), glutamic acids (E), serines (S) and threonines (T) (PEST), generally, but not always, flanked by clusters containing several positively charged amino acids, have rapid intracellular half-lives (Rogers et al. (1986) Science 234:364-369, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- a PEST or PEST-like sequence can be identified using the PEST-find program.
- a PEST-like sequence can be a region rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) residues.
- the PEST-like sequence can be flanked by one or more clusters containing several positively charged amino acids.
- a PEST-like sequence can be defined as a hydrophilic stretch of at least 12 amino acids in length with a high local concentration of proline (P), aspartate (D), glutamate (E), serine (S), and/or threonine (T) residues.
- P proline
- D aspartate
- E glutamate
- S serine
- T threonine residues.
- a PEST-like sequence contains no positively charged amino acids, namely arginine (R), histidine (H), and lysine (K).
- Some PEST-like sequences can contain one or more internal phosphorylation sites, and phosphorylation at these sites precedes protein
- the PEST-like sequence fits an algorithm disclosed in Rogers et al. In another example, the PEST-like sequence fits an algorithm disclosed in Rechsteiner and Rogers.
- PEST-like sequences can also be identified by an initial scan for positively charged amino acids R, H, and K within the specified protein sequence. All amino acids between the positively charged flanks are counted, and only those motifs containing a number of amino acids equal to or higher than the window-size parameter are considered further.
- a PEST-like sequence must contain at least one P, at least one D or E, and at least one S or T.
- the quality of a PEST motif can be refined by means of a scoring parameter based on the local enrichment of critical amino acids as well as the motifs hydrophobicity.
- a potential PEST motif s hydrophobicity can also be calculated as the sum over the products of mole percent and hydrophobicity index for each amino acid species.
- a PEST-containing peptide can refer to a peptide having a score of at least +5 using the above algorithm. Alternatively, it can refer to a peptide having a score of at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 32, at least 35, at least 38, at least 40, or at least 45.
- any other available methods or algorithms known in the art can also be used to identify PEST-like sequences. See, e.g. , the CaSPredictor (Garay-Malpartida et al. (2005) Bioinformatics 21 Suppl l :il 69-76, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- Another method that can be used is the following: a PEST index is calculated for each stretch of appropriate length (e.g. a 30-35 amino acid stretch) by assigning a value of one to the amino acids Ser, Thr, Pro, Glu, Asp, Asn, or Gin.
- the coefficient value (CV) for each of the PEST residues is one and the CV for each of the other AA (non-PEST) is zero.
- Examples of PEST-like amino acid sequences are those set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 43-51.
- One example of a PEST-like sequence is
- KENSISSMAPPASPPASPKTPIEKKHADEIDK SEQ ID NO: 43.
- KENSISSMAPPASPPASPK SEQ ID NO: 44.
- any PEST or PEST-like amino acid sequence can be used. PEST sequence peptides are known and are described, for example, in US 7,635,479; US 7,665,238; and US 2014/0186387, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- the PEST-like sequence can be from a Listeria species, such as from Listeria monocytogenes.
- the Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein contains at least four such sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 45-48), any of which are suitable for use in the compositions and methods disclosed herein.
- Other similar PEST-like sequences include SEQ ID NOS: 52- 54.
- Streptolysin O proteins from Streptococcus sp. also contain a PEST sequence.
- Streptococcus pyogenes streptolysin O comprises the PEST sequence
- KQNTASTETTTTNEQPK (SEQ ID NO: 49) at amino acids 35-51 and Streptococcus equisimilis streptolysin O comprises the PEST-like sequence KQNTANTETTTTNEQPK (SEQ ID NO: 50) at amino acids 38-54.
- Another example of a PEST-like sequence is from Listeria seeligeri cytolysin, encoded by the Iso gene: RSEVTISPAETPESPPATP (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 51).
- the PEST-like sequence can be derived from other prokaryotic organisms.
- Other prokaryotic organisms wherein PEST-like amino acid sequences would be expected include, for example, other Listeria species.
- Listeriolysin O (LLO) Listeriolysin O
- compositions and methods disclosed herein is a listeriolysin O (LLO) peptide.
- LLO listeriolysin O
- An example of an LLO protein is the protein assigned GenBank Accession No. P13128 (SEQ ID NO: 55; nucleic acid sequence is set forth in GenBank Accession No. X15127).
- SEQ ID NO: 55 is a proprotein including a signal sequence. The first 25 amino acids of the proprotein is the signal sequence and is cleaved from LLO when it is secreted by the bacterium, thereby resulting in the full-length active LLO protein of 504 amino acids without the signal sequence.
- An LLO peptide disclosed herein can comprise the signal sequence or can comprise a peptide that does not include the signal sequence.
- Exemplary LLO proteins that can be used comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55 or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of variants, fragments of analogs, and fragments of isoforms of SEQ ID NO: 55. Any sequence that encodes a fragment of an LLO protein or a homologue, variant, isoform, analog, fragment of a homologue, fragment of a variant, or fragment of an analog of an LLO protein can be used.
- a homologous LLO protein can have a sequence identity with a reference LLO protein, for example, of greater than 70%, 72%, 75%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.
- LLO proteins that can be used can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56 or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of variants, fragments of analogs, and fragments of isoforms of SEQ ID NO: 56.
- an LLO protein is an LLO protein from the Listeria monocytogenes 10403S strain, as set forth in GenBank Accession No.: ZP_01942330 or EBA21833, or as encoded by the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in GenBank Accession No.: NZ_AARZ01000015 or AARZ01000015.1.
- Another example of an LLO protein is an LLO protein from the Listeria monocytogenes 4b F2365 strain (see, e.g. , GenBank Accession No.: YP_012823), EGD-e strain (see, e.g., GenBank Accession No.: NP_463733), or any other strain of Listeria monocytogenes.
- LLO protein is an LLO protein from Flavobacteriales bacterium HTCC2170 (see, e.g. , GenBank Accession No.: ZP_01106747 or EAR01433, or encoded by GenBank Accession No.: NZ_AAOC01000003).
- LLO proteins that can be used can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any of the above LLO proteins or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of variants, fragments of analogs, and fragments of isoforms of the above LLO proteins.
- Proteins that are homologous to LLO, or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of variants, fragments of analogs, and fragments of isoforms thereof, can also be used.
- alveolysin which can be found, for example, in Paenibacillus alvei (see, e.g. , GenBank Accession No.: P23564 or AAA22224, or encoded by GenBank Accession No.: M62709).
- Other such homologous proteins are known.
- the LLO peptide can be a full-length LLO protein or a truncated LLO protein or LLO fragment.
- the LLO peptide can be one that retains one or more functionalities of a native LLO protein or lacks one or more functionalities of a native LLO protein.
- the retained LLO functionality can be allowing a bacteria (e.g., Listeria) to escape from a phagosome or phagolysosome, or enhancing the immunogenicity of a peptide to which it is fused.
- the retained functionality can also be hemolytic function or antigenic function.
- the LLO peptide can be a non-hemolytic LLO.
- Other functions of LLO are known, as are methods and assays for evaluating LLO functionality.
- An LLO fragment can be a PEST-like sequence or can comprise a PEST-like sequence.
- LLO fragments can comprise one or more of an internal deletion, a truncation from the C-terminal end, and a truncation from the N-terminal end. In some cases, an LLO fragment can comprise more than one internal deletion.
- Other LLO peptides can be full- length LLO proteins with one or more mutations.
- LLO proteins or fragments have reduced hemolytic activity relative to wild type LLO or are non-hemolytic fragments.
- an LLO protein can be rendered non-hemolytic by deletion or mutation of the activation domain at the carboxy terminus, by deletion or mutation of cysteine 484, or by deletion or mutation at another location.
- LLO proteins are rendered non-hemolytic by a deletion or mutation of the cholesterol binding domain (CBD) as detailed in US 8,771,702, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- the mutations can comprise, for example, a substitution or a deletion.
- the entire CBD can be mutated, portions of the CBD can be mutated, or specific residues within the CBD can be mutated.
- the LLO protein can comprise a mutation of one or more of residues C484, W491, and W492 (e.g., C484, W491 , W492, C484 and W491 , C484 and W492, W491 and W492, or all three residues) of SEQ ID NO: 55 or corresponding residues when optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55 (e.g., a corresponding cysteine or tryptophan residue).
- a mutant LLO protein can be created wherein residues C484, W491, and W492 of LLO are substituted with alanine residues, which will substantially reduce hemolytic activity relative to wild type LLO.
- the mutant LLO protein with C484A, W491A, and W492A mutations is termed "mutLLO.”
- a mutant LLO protein can be created with an internal deletion comprising the cholesterol-binding domain.
- the internal deletion can be a 1-11 amino acid deletion, an 11-50 amino acid deletion, or longer.
- the mutated region can be 1-11 amino acids, 11-50 amino acids, or longer (e.g., 1-50, 1-11, 2-11 , 3-11, 4-11, 5-11, 6-11, 7-11, 8-11, 9-11 , 10-11, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 2- 3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 12-50, 11-15, 11-20, 11- 25, 11-30, 11-35, 11-40, 11-50, 11-60, 11-70, 11-80, 11-90, 11-100, 11-150, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 15-35, 15-40, 15-50, 15-60, 15-70, 15-80, 15-90, 15-100, 15-150, 20-25, 20-30, 20-35, 20-40, 20-50, 20-60, 20-70, 20-80, 20-90, 20-90
- a mutated region consisting of residues 470-500, 470-510, or 480-500 of SEQ ID NO: 55 will result in a deleted sequence comprising the CBD (residues 483-493 of SEQ ID NO: 55).
- the mutated region can also be a fragment of the CBD or can overlap with a portion of the CBD.
- the mutated region can consist of residues 470-490, 480-488, 485-490, 486-488, 490-500, or 486-510 of SEQ ID NO: 55.
- a fragment of the CBD (residues 484-492) can be replaced with a heterologous sequence, which will substantially reduce hemolytic activity relative to wild type LLO.
- the CBD (ECTGLAWEWWR; SEQ ID NO: 74) can be replaced with a CTL epitope from the antigen NY-ESO-1 (ESLLMWITQCR; SEQ ID NO: 75), which contains the HLA-A2 restricted epitope 157-165 from NY-ESO-1.
- ctLLO The resulting LLO is termed "ctLLO.”
- the mutated region can be replaced by a heterologous sequence.
- the mutated region can be replaced by an equal number of heterologous amino acids, a smaller number of heterologous amino acids, or a larger number of amino acids (e.g., 1-50, 1-11, 2-11, 3-11, 4-11, 5-11, 6-11, 7-11, 8-11, 9-11, 10- 11, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-10, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 12-50, 11-15, 11-20, 11-25, 11-30, 11-35, 11-40, 11-50, 11-60, 11- 70, 11-80, 11-90, 11-100, 11-150, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 15-35, 15-40, 15-50, 15-60, 15-70, 15-80, 15-50, 15-60, 15-70, 15-
- an LLO peptide may have a deletion in the signal sequence and a mutation or substitution in the CBD.
- LLO peptides are N-terminal LLO fragments (i.e., LLO proteins with a C- terminal deletion). Some LLO peptides are at least 494, 489, 492, 493, 500, 505, 510, 515, 520, or 525 amino acids in length or 492-528 amino acids in length.
- the LLO fragment can consist of about the first 440 or 441 amino acids of an LLO protein (e.g., the first 441 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56, or a corresponding fragment of another LLO protein when optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56).
- N-terminal LLO fragments can consist of the first 420 amino acids of an LLO protein (e.g., the first 420 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56, or a corresponding fragment of another LLO protein when optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56).
- Other N-terminal fragments can consist of about amino acids 20-442 of an LLO protein (e.g., amino acids 20-442 of SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56, or a corresponding fragment of another LLO protein when optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56).
- Other N-terminal LLO fragments comprise any ALLO without the activation domain comprising cysteine 484, and in particular without cysteine 484.
- the N-terminal LLO fragment can correspond to the first 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, or 25 amino acids of an LLO protein (e.g., the first 425, 400, 375, 350, 325, 300, 275, 250, 225, 200, 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, or 25 amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56, or a corresponding fragment of another LLO protein when optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55 or 56).
- the fragment comprises one or more PEST-like sequences.
- LLO fragments and truncated LLO proteins can contain residues of a homologous LLO protein that correspond to any one of the above specific amino acid ranges.
- the residue numbers need not correspond exactly with the residue numbers enumerated above (e.g., if the homologous LLO protein has an insertion or deletion relative to a specific LLO protein disclosed herein).
- Examples of N-terminal LLO fragments include SEQ ID NOS: 57, 58, and 59.
- LLO proteins that can be used comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57, 58, or 59 or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of variants, fragments of analogs, and fragments of isoforms of SEQ ID NO: 57, 58, or 59.
- the N-terminal LLO fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59 is used.
- An example of a nucleic acid encoding the N-terminal LLO fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59 is SEQ ID NO: 60.
- ActA is a surface-associated protein and acts as a scaffold in infected host cells to facilitate the polymerization, assembly, and activation of host actin polymers in order to propel a Listeria monocytogenes through the cytoplasm. Shortly after entry into the mammalian cell cytosol, L. monocytogenes induces the polymerization of host actin filaments and uses the force generated by actin
- ActA is responsible for mediating actin nucleation and actin-based motility.
- the ActA protein provides multiple binding sites for host cytoskeletal components, thereby acting as a scaffold to assemble the cellular actin polymerization machinery.
- the N-terminus of ActA binds to monomeric actin and acts as a constitutively active nucleation promoting factor by stimulating the intrinsic actin nucleation activity.
- the actA and hly genes are both members of the 10-kb gene cluster regulated by the transcriptional activator PrfA, and actA is upregulated approximately 226- fold in the mammalian cytosol.
- a homologous ActA protein can have a sequence identity with a reference ActA protein, for example, of greater than 70%, 72%, 75%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.
- an ActA protein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 61.
- Another example of an ActA protein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 62.
- the first 29 amino acid of the proprotein corresponding to either of these sequences are the signal sequence and are cleaved from ActA protein when it is secreted by the bacterium.
- An ActA peptide can comprise the signal sequence (e.g., amino acids 1-29 of SEQ ID NO: 61 or 62), or can comprise a peptide that does not include the signal sequence.
- ActA proteins comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of isoforms, or fragments of analogs of SEQ ID NO: 61 or 62.
- Another example of an ActA protein is an ActA protein from the Listeria monocytogenes 10403S strain (GenBank Accession No.: DQ054585) the NICPBP 54002 strain (GenBank Accession No.: EU394959), the S3 strain (GenBank Accession No.:
- LLO proteins that can be used can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any of the above LLO proteins or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments, fragments of homologues, fragments of variants, fragments of analogs, and fragments of isoforms of the above LLO proteins.
- ActA peptides can be full-length ActA proteins or truncated ActA proteins or ActA fragments (e.g., N-terminal ActA fragments in which a C-terminal portion is removed).
- truncated ActA proteins comprise at least one PEST sequence (e.g., more than one PEST sequence).
- truncated ActA proteins can optionally comprise an ActA signal peptide. Examples of PEST-like sequences contained in truncated ActA proteins include SEQ ID NOS: 45-48.
- Some such truncated ActA proteins comprise at least two of the PEST-like sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 45-48 or ho mo logs thereof, at least three of the PEST-like sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 45-48 or homo logs thereof, or all four of the PEST-like sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 45-48 or homo logs thereof.
- Examples of truncated ActA proteins include those comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about residues 30-122, about residues 30-229, about residues 30-332, about residues 30- 200, or about residues 30-399 of a full length ActA protein sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 62).
- truncated ActA proteins include those comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about the first 50, 100, 150, 200, 233, 250, 300, 390, 400, or 418 residues of a full length ActA protein sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 62).
- Other examples of truncated ActA proteins include those comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about residues 200-300 or residues 300-400 of a full length ActA protein sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 62).
- the truncated ActA consists of the first 390 amino acids of the wild type ActA protein as described in US 7,655,238, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- the truncated ActA can be an ActA-NlOO or a modified version thereof (referred to as ActA-NlOO*) in which a PEST motif has been deleted and containing the nonconservative QDNKR (SEQ ID NO: 73) substitution as described in US 2014/0186387, herein incorporated by references in its entirety for all purposes.
- truncated ActA proteins can contain residues of a homologous ActA protein that corresponds to one of the above amino acid ranges or the amino acid ranges of any of the ActA peptides disclosed herein. The residue numbers need not correspond exactly with the residue numbers enumerated herein (e.g., if the homologous ActA protein has an insertion or deletion, relative to an ActA protein utilized herein, then the residue numbers can be adjusted accordingly).
- Examples of truncated ActA proteins include, for example, proteins comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 63, 64, 65, or 66 or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments of variants, fragments of isoforms, or fragments of analogs of SEQ ID NO: 63, 64, 65, or 66.
- SEQ ID NO: 63 referred to as ActA/PESTl and consists of amino acids 30-122 of the full length ActA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 62.
- SEQ ID NO: 64 is referred to as ActA/PEST2 or LA229 and consists of amino acids 30-229 of the full length ActA sequence set forth in the full-length ActA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 62.
- SEQ ID NO: 65 is referred to as ActA/PEST3 and consists of amino acids 30-332 of the full-length ActA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 62.
- SEQ ID NO: 66 is referred to as ActA/PEST4 and consists of amino acids 30-399 of the full- length ActA sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 62.
- the truncated ActA protein consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 64 can be used.
- truncated ActA proteins include, for example, proteins comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67, 69, 70, or 72 or homologues, variants, isoforms, analogs, fragments of variants, fragments of isoforms, or fragments of analogs of SEQ ID NO: 67, 69, 70, or 72.
- the truncated ActA protein consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 67 (encoded by the nucleic acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 68) can be used.
- the truncated ActA protein consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 (encoded by the nucleic acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 71) can be used.
- SEQ ID NO: 71 is the first 1170 nucleotides encoding ActA in the Listeria monocytogenes 10403S strain.
- the ActA fragment can be fused to a heterologous signal peptide.
- SEQ ID NO: 72 sets forth an ActA fragment fused to an Hly signal peptide.
- such methods can comprise selecting and designing antigenic peptides to include in the immunotherapy construct (and, for example, testing the hydropathy of the each antigenic peptide, and modifying or deselecting an antigenic peptide if it scores above a selected hydropathy index threshold value), designing one or more fusion polypeptides comprising each of the selected antigenic peptides, and generating a nucleic acid construct encoding the fusion polypeptide.
- the antigenic peptides can be screened for hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. Antigenic peptides can be selected, for example, if they are hydrophilic or if they score up to or below a certain hydropathy threshold, which can be predictive of secretability in a particular bacteria of interest (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes). For example, antigenic peptides can be scored by Kyte and Doolittle hydropathy index with a 21 amino acid window, all scoring above cutoff (around 1.6) are excluded as they are unlikely to be secretable by Listeria monocytogenes. See, e.g.
- an antigenic peptide scoring about a selected cutoff can be altered (e.g., changing the length of the antigenic peptide).
- Other sliding window sizes that can be used include, for example, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 or more amino acids.
- the sliding window size can be 9-11 amino acids, 11-13 amino acids, 13-15 amino acids, 15-17 amino acids, 17-19 amino acids, 19-21 amino acids, 21-23 amino acids, 23-25 amino acids, or 25-27 amino acids.
- cutoffs that can be used include, for example, the following ranges 1.2-1.4, 1.4-1.6, 1.6-1.8, 1.8-2.0, 2.0-2.2 2.2-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.5-4.0, or 4.0-4.5, or the cutoff can be 1.4, 1.5, 1.7,
- the cutoff can vary, for example, depending on the genus or species of the bacteria being used to deliver the fusion polypeptide.
- the antigenic peptides can be scored for their ability to bind to the subject human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type (for example by using the Immune Epitope Database (IED) available at www.iedb.org, which includes netMHCpan, ANN,
- HLA human leukocyte antigen
- SMMPMBEC SMM, CombLib_Sidney2008, PickPocket, and netMHCcons) and ranked by best MHC binding score from each antigenic peptide.
- Other sources include TEpredict (tepredict.sourceforge.net/help.html) or other available MHC binding measurement scales. Cutoffs may be different for different expression vectors such as Salmonella.
- the antigenic peptides can be screened for immunosuppressive epitopes (e.g., T-reg epitopes, IL-10-inducing T helper epitopes, and so forth) to deselect antigenic peptides or to avoid immunosuppressive influences.
- immunosuppressive epitopes e.g., T-reg epitopes, IL-10-inducing T helper epitopes, and so forth
- a predicative algorithm for immunogenicity of the epitopes can be used to screen the antigenic peptides.
- these algorithms are at best 20% accurate in predicting which peptide will generate a T cell response.
- the antigenic peptides can be screened for immunogenicity.
- this can comprise contacting one or more T cells with an antigenic peptide, and analyzing for an immunogenic T cell response, wherein an immunogenic T cell response identifies the peptide as an immunogenic peptide.
- This can also comprise using an immunogenic assay to measure secretion of at least one of CD25, CD44, or CD69 or to measure secretion of a cytokine selected from the group comprising IFN- ⁇ , TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-2 upon contacting the one or more T cells with the peptide, wherein increased secretion identifies the peptide as comprising one or more T cell epitopes.
- the selected antigenic peptides can be arranged into one or more candidate orders for a potential fusion polypeptide. If there are more usable antigenic peptides than can fit into a single plasmid, different antigenic peptides can be assigned priority ranks as needed/desired and/or split up into different fusion polypeptides (e.g., for inclusion in different recombinant Listeria strains). Priority rank can be determined by factors such as relative size, priority of transcription, and/or overall hydrophobicity of the translated polypeptide.
- the antigenic peptides can be arranged so that they are joined directly together without linkers, or any combination of linkers between any number of pairs of antigenic peptides, as disclosed in more detail elsewhere herein.
- the number of linear antigenic peptides to be included can be determined based on consideration of the number of constructs needed versus the mutational burden, the efficiency of translation and secretion of multiple epitopes from a single plasmid, and the MOI needed for each bacteria or Lm comprising a plasmid.
- the combination of antigenic peptides or the entire fusion polypeptide also be scored for hydrophobicity.
- the entirety of the fused antigenic peptides or the entire fusion polypeptide can be scored for hydropathy by a Kyte and Doo little hydropathy index with a sliding 21 amino acid window. If any region scores above a cutoff (e.g., around 1.6), the antigenic peptides can be reordered or shuffled within the fusion polypeptide until an acceptable order of antigenic peptides is found (i.e., one in which no region scores above the cutoff). Alternatively, any problematic antigenic peptides can be removed or redesigned to be of a different size. Alternatively or additionally, one or more linkers between antigenic peptides as disclosed elsewhere herein can be added or modified to change the
- hydrophobicity As with hydropathy testing for the individual antigenic peptides, other window sizes can be used, or other cutoffs can be used (e.g., depending on the genus or species of the bacteria being used to deliver the fusion polypeptide). In addition, other suitable hydropathy plots or other appropriate scales could be used.
- the combination of antigenic peptides or the entire fusion polypeptide can be further screened for immunosuppressive epitopes (e.g., T-reg epitopes, IL-10-inducing T helper epitopes, and so forth) to deselect antigenic peptides or to avoid immunosuppressive influences.
- immunosuppressive epitopes e.g., T-reg epitopes, IL-10-inducing T helper epitopes, and so forth
- a nucleic acid encoding a candidate combination of antigenic peptides or fusion polypeptide can then be designed and optimized.
- the sequence can be optimized for increased levels of translation, duration of expression, levels of secretion, levels of transcription, and any combination thereof.
- the increase can be 2-fold to 1000-fold, 2-fold to 500-fold, 2-fold to 100-fold, 2-fold to 50-fold, 2-fold to 20-fold, 2-fold to 10-fold, or 3-fold to 5-fold relative to a control, non-optimized sequence.
- the fusion polypeptide or nucleic acid encoding the fusion polypeptide can be optimized for decreased levels of secondary structures possibly formed in the oligonucleotide sequence, or alternatively optimized to prevent attachment of any enzyme that may modify the sequence.
- Expression in bacterial cells can be hampered, for example, by transcriptional silencing, low mRNA half- life, secondary structure formation, attachment sites of oligonucleotide binding molecules such as repressors and inhibitors, and availability of rare tRNAs pools. The source of many problems in bacterial expressions is found within the original sequence.
- RNAs may include modification of cis acting elements, adaptation of its GC-content, modifying codon bias with respect to non- limiting tRNAs pools of the bacterial cell, and avoiding internal homologous regions.
- optimizing a sequence can entail, for example, adjusting regions of very high (> 80%) or very low ( ⁇ 30%) GC content.
- Optimizing a sequence can also entail, for example, avoiding one or more of the following cis-acting sequence motifs: internal TATA-boxes, chi-sites, and ribosomal entry sites; AT-rich or GC-rich sequence stretches; repeat sequences and RNA secondary structures; (cryptic) splice donor and acceptor sites; branch points; or a combination thereof.
- Optimizing expression can also entail adding sequence elements to flanking regions of a gene and/or elsewhere in the plasmid.
- Optimizing a sequence can also entail, for example, adapting the codon usage to the codon bias of host genes (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes genes).
- host genes e.g., Listeria monocytogenes genes.
- the codons below can be used for Listeria monocytogenes.
- a nucleic acid encoding a fusion polypeptide can be generated and introduced into a delivery vehicle such as a bacteria strain or Listeria strain.
- a delivery vehicle such as a bacteria strain or Listeria strain.
- Other delivery vehicles may be suitable for DNA immunotherapy or peptide immunotherapy, such as a vaccinia virus or virus-like particle.
- recombinant bacterial strains such as a Listeria strain, comprising a recombinant fusion polypeptide disclosed herein or a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed elsewhere herein.
- the bacterial strain is a Listeria strain, such as a Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strain.
- Lm has a number of inherent advantages as a vaccine vector. The bacterium grows very efficiently in vitro without special requirements, and it lacks LPS, which is a major toxicity factor in gram- negative bacteria, such as Salmonella. Genetically attenuated Lm vectors also offer additional safety as they can be readily eliminated with antibiotics, in case of serious adverse effects, and unlike some viral vectors, no integration of genetic material into the host genome occurs.
- the recombinant Listeria strain can be any Listeria strain.
- suitable Listeria strains include Listeria seeligeri, Listeria grayi, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria murrayi, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), or any other Listeria species known in the art.
- the recombinant listeria strain is a strain of the species Listeria
- Listeria monocytogenes strains include the following: L.
- L. monocytogenes DP-L4056 which is phage cured (see, e.g., Lauer et al. (2002) J Bact 184:4177-4186); L. monocytogenes DP-L4027, which is phage cured and has an hly gene deletion (see, e.g., Lauer et al. (2002) / Bact 184:4177- 4186; Jones and Portnoy (1994) Infect Immunity 65 :5608-5613); L.
- monocytogenes DP-L4029 which is phage cured and has an act A gene deletion
- L. monocytogenes DP-L4042 delta PEST
- L. monocytogenes DP-L4097 LLO- S44A
- L. monocytogenes DP- L4364 (delta IplA; lipoate protein ligase) (see, e.g., Brockstedt et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 :13832-13837 and supporting information); L. monocytogenes DP-L4405 (delta MA) (see, e.g. , Brockstedt et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 : 13832-13837 and supporting information); L. monocytogenes DP-L4406 (delta MB) (see, e.g. , Brockstedt et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 :13832-13837 and supporting information); L. monocytogenes DP-L4406 (delta MB) (see, e.g. , Brockstedt et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
- L. monocytogenes CS-LOOOl delta actA; delta MB
- L. monocytogenes CS-L0002 delta actA; delta IplA
- L. monocytogenes CS-L0003 LLO L461T; delta IplA
- L. monocytogenes DP-L4038 delta actA; LLO L461T
- LLO S44A LLO L461T
- LLO S44A LLO L461T
- a L. monocytogenes strain with an IplAl deletion encoding lipoate protein ligase LplAl
- L. monocytogenes DP-L4017 (10403S with LLO L461T) (see, e.g. , US 7,691,393)
- L. monocytogenes EGD see, e.g. , GenBank Accession No. AL591824.
- the Listeria strain is L. monocytogenes EGD-e (see GenBank
- L. monocytogenes DP-L4029 actA deletion, optionally in combination with uvrAB deletion (DP-L4029uvrAB) (see, e.g. , US 7,691,393)
- L. monocytogenes actA-linlB - double mutant see, e.g., ATCC Accession No. PTA-5562
- L. monocytogenes IplA mutant or hly mutant see, e.g., US 2004/0013690
- L. monocytogenes dalldat double mutant see, e.g. , US 2005/0048081.
- monocytogenes strains includes those that are modified (e.g., by a plasmid and/or by genomic integration) to contain a nucleic acid encoding one of, or any combination of, the following genes: hly (LLO; listeriolysin); iap (p60); MA; MB; inlC; dal (alanine racemase); dat (D- amino acid aminotransferase); plcA; plcB; actA; or any nucleic acid that mediates growth, spread, breakdown of a single walled vesicle, breakdown of a double walled vesicle, binding to a host cell, or uptake by a host cell.
- LLO listeriolysin
- iap p60
- MA MB
- inlC dal (alanine racemase)
- dat D- amino acid aminotransferase
- plcA plcB
- actA or any nucleic acid that mediates growth, spread,
- the recombinant bacteria or Listeria can have wild-type virulence, can have attenuated virulence, or can be avirulent.
- a recombinant Listeria of can be sufficiently virulent to escape the phagosome or phagolysosome and enter the cytosol.
- Such Listeria strains can also be live-attenuated Listeria strains, which comprise at least one attenuating mutation, deletion, or inactivation as disclosed elsewhere herein.
- the recombinant Listeria is an attenuated auxotrophic strain.
- An auxotrophic strain is one that is unable to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth. Examples of such strains are described in US 8,114,414, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- the recombinant Listeria strain lacks antibiotic resistance genes.
- such recombinant Listeria strains can comprise a plasmid that does not encode an antibiotic resistance gene.
- some recombinant Listeria strains provided herein comprise a plasmid comprising a nucleic acid encoding an antibiotic resistance gene.
- Antibiotic resistance genes may be used in the conventional selection and cloning processes commonly employed in molecular biology and vaccine preparation.
- Exemplary antibiotic resistance genes include gene products that confer resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, methicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol (CAT), neomycin, hygromycin, and gentamicin.
- the recombinant bacterial strains (e.g., Listeria strains) disclosed herein comprise a recombinant fusion polypeptide disclosed herein or a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed elsewhere herein.
- nucleic acid in bacteria or Listeria strains comprising a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion protein, the nucleic acid can be codon optimized. Examples of optimal codons utilized by L. monocytogenes for each amino acid are shown US 2007/0207170, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. A nucleic acid is codon-optimized if at least one codon in the nucleic acid is replaced with a codon that is more frequently used by L.
- the nucleic acid can be present in an episomal plasmid within the bacteria or Listeria strain and/or the nucleic acid can be genomically integrated in the bacteria or Listeria strain.
- Some recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains comprise two separate nucleic acids encoding two recombinant fusion polypeptides as disclosed herein: one nucleic acid in an episomal plasmid, and one genomically integrated in the bacteria or Listeria strain.
- the episomal plasmid can be one that is stably maintained in vitro (in cell culture), in vivo (in a host), or both in vitro and in vivo. If in an episomal plasmid, the open reading frame encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide can be operably linked to a promoter/regulatory sequence in the plasmid. If genomically integrated in the bacteria or Listeria strain, the open reading frame encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide can be operably linked to an exogenous promoter/regulatory sequence or to an endogenous promoter/regulatory sequence.
- promoters/regulatory sequences useful for driving constitutive expression of a gene include, for example, an hly, hlyA, actA, prfA, and p60 promoters of Listeria, the Streptococcus bac promoter, the
- Such recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains can be made by transforming a bacteria or Listeria strain or an attenuated bacteria or Listeria strain described elsewhere herein with a plasmid or vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide.
- the plasmid can be an episomal plasmid that does not integrate into a host chromosome.
- the plasmid can be an integrative plasmid that integrates into a chromosome of the bacteria or Listeria strain.
- the plasmids used herein can also be multicopy plasmids. Methods for transforming bacteria are well known, and include calcium-chloride competent cell-based methods, electroporation methods, bacteriophage- mediated transduction, chemical transformation techniques, and physical transformation techniques. See, e.g., de Boer et al. (1989) Cell 56:641-649; Miller et al. (1995) FASEB J. 9: 190-199; Sambrook et al.
- Bacteria or Listeria strains with genomically integrated heterologous nucleic acids can be made, for example, by using a site-specific integration vector, whereby the bacteria or Listeria comprising the integrated gene is created using homologous recombination.
- the integration vector can be any site-specific integration vector that is capable of infecting a bacteria or Listeria strain.
- Such an integration vector can comprise, for example, a PSA attPP' site, a gene encoding a PSA integrase, a U153 attPP' site, a gene encoding a U153 integrase, an Al l 8 attPP' site, a gene encoding an Al l 8 integrase, or any other known attPP' site or any other phage integrase.
- Such bacteria or Listeria strains comprising an integrated gene can also be created using any other known method for integrating a heterologous nucleic acid into a bacteria or Listeria chromosome. Techniques for homologous recombination are well known, and are described, for example, in Baloglu et al. (2005) Vet Microbiol 109(1-2): 11-17); Jiang et al. 2005) Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 37(l):19-24), and US 6,855,320, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- transposon insertion Techniques for transposon insertion are well known, and are described, for example, for the construction of DP-L967 by Sun et al. (1990) Infection and Immunity 58: 3770-3778, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Transposon mutagenesis can achieve stable genomic insertion, but the position in the genome where the heterologous nucleic acids has been inserted is unknown.
- Integration into a bacterial or Listerial chromosome can also be achieved using phage integration sites (see, e.g. , Lauer et al. (2002) J Bacteriol 184(15):4177-4186, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- phage integration sites see, e.g. , Lauer et al. (2002) J Bacteriol 184(15):4177-4186, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- an integrase gene and attachment site of a bacteriophage e.g., U153 or PSA listeriophage
- Endogenous prophages can be cured from the utilized attachment site prior to integration of the heterologous nucleic acid.
- Such methods can result, for example, in single-copy integrants.
- a phage integration system based on PSA phage can be used (see, e.g. , Lauer et al. (2002) / Bacteriol 184:4177-4186, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes). Maintaining the integrated gene can require, for example, continuous selection by antibiotics. Alternatively, a phage-based chromosomal integration system can be established that does not require selection with antibiotics. Instead, an auxotrophic host strain can be complemented.
- a phage-based chromosomal integration system for clinical applications can be used, where a host strain that is auxotrophic for essential enzymes, including, for example, D-alanine racemase is used (e.g., Lm dal(-)dat(-)).
- auxotrophic for essential enzymes including, for example, D-alanine racemase is used (e.g., Lm dal(-)dat(-)).
- Conjugation can also be used to introduce genetic material and/or plasmids into bacteria. Methods for conjugation are well known, and are described, for example, in Nikodinovic et al. (2006) Plasmid 56(3):223-2 ⁇ and Auchtung et al. (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(35):12554-12559, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain can comprise a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide genomically integrated into the bacteria or Listeria genome as an open reading frame with an endogenous actA sequence (encoding an ActA protein) or an endogenous hly sequence (encoding an LLO protein).
- an endogenous actA sequence encoding an ActA protein
- an endogenous hly sequence encoding an LLO protein
- the expression and secretion of the fusion polypeptide can be under the control of the endogenous actA promoter and ActA signal sequence or can be under the control of the endogenous hly promoter and LLO signal sequence.
- the nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide can replace an actA sequence encoding an ActA protein or an hly sequence encoding an LLO protein.
- Selection of recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains can be achieved by any means.
- antibiotic selection can be used.
- Antibiotic resistance genes may be used in the conventional selection and cloning processes commonly employed in molecular biology and vaccine preparation.
- Exemplary antibiotic resistance genes include gene products that confer resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, methicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol (CAT), neomycin, hygromycin, and gentamicin.
- auxotrophic strains can be used, and an exogenous metabolic gene can be used for selection instead of or in addition to an antibiotic resistance gene.
- an exogenous metabolic gene can be used for selection instead of or in addition to an antibiotic resistance gene.
- transformed auxotrophic bacteria can be grown in a medium that will select for expression of the gene encoding the metabolic enzyme (e.g., amino acid metabolism gene) or the complementing gene.
- a temperature-sensitive plasmid can be used to select recombinants or any other known means for selecting recombinants.
- the recombinant bacteria strains e.g., recombinant Listeria strains
- the term "attenuation" encompasses a diminution in the ability of the bacterium to cause disease in a host animal.
- the pathogenic characteristics of an attenuated Listeria strain may be lessened compared with wild-type Listeria, although the attenuated Listeria is capable of growth and maintenance in culture.
- the lethal dose at which 50% of inoculated animals survive is preferably increased above the LD50 of wild-type Listeria by at least about 10-fold, more preferably by at least about 100-fold, more preferably at least about 1 ,000 fold, even more preferably at least about 10,000 fold, and most preferably at least about 100,000-fold.
- An attenuated strain of Listeria is thus one that does not kill an animal to which it is administered, or is one that kills the animal only when the number of bacteria administered is vastly greater than the number of wild-type non- attenuated bacteria which would be required to kill the same animal.
- An attenuated bacterium should also be construed to mean one which is incapable of replication in the general environment because the nutrient required for its growth is not present therein. Thus, the bacterium is limited to replication in a controlled environment wherein the required nutrient is provided. Attenuated strains are environmentally safe in that they are incapable of uncontrolled replication
- Attenuation can be accomplished by any known means.
- such attenuated strains can be deficient in one or more endogenous virulence genes or one or more endogenous metabolic genes.
- examples of such genes are disclosed herein, and attenuation can be achieved by inactivation of any one of or any combination of the genes disclosed herein. Inactivation can be achieved, for example, through deletion or through mutation (e.g., an inactivating mutation).
- mutation includes any type of mutation or
- a mutation can include a frameshift mutation, a mutation which causes premature termination of a protein, or a mutation of regulatory sequences which affect gene expression. Mutagenesis can be accomplished using recombinant DNA techniques or using traditional mutagenesis technology using mutagenic chemicals or radiation and subsequent selection of mutants. Deletion mutants may be preferred because of the accompanying low probability of reversion.
- the term "metabolic gene” refers to a gene encoding an enzyme involved in or required for synthesis of a nutrient utilized or required by a host bacteria.
- the enzyme can be involved in or required for the synthesis of a nutrient required for sustained growth of the host bacteria.
- the term "virulence" gene includes a gene whose presence or activity in an organism's genome that contributes to the pathogenicity of the organism (e.g., enabling the organism to achieve colonization of a niche in the host (including attachment to cells), immunoevasion (evasion of host's immune response), immunosuppression (inhibition of host's immune response), entry into and exit out of cells, or obtaining nutrition from the host).
- LmddA Listeria monocytogenes
- LmddA Lm dal(-)dat(-)AactA
- Lm prfA(-) Another specific example of an attenuated strain is Lm prfA(-) or a strain having a partial deletion or inactivating mutation in the prfA gene.
- the PrfA protein controls the expression of a regulon comprising essential virulence genes required by Lm to colonize its vertebrate hosts; hence the prfA mutation strongly impairs PrfA ability to activate expression of PrfA-dependent virulence genes.
- Lm MB(-)actA(-) in which two genes critical to the bacterium's natural virulence— internalin B and act A— are deleted.
- Attenuated bacteria or Listeria strains include bacteria or Listeria strains deficient in one or more endogenous virulence genes. Examples of such genes include actA, prfA, plcB, plcA, inlA, MB, inlC, inlJ, and bsh in Listeria. Attenuated Listeria strains can also be the double mutant or triple mutant of any of the above-mentioned strains. Attenuated Listeria strains can comprise a mutation or deletion of each one of the genes, or comprise a mutation or deletion of, for example, up to ten of any of the genes provided herein (e.g., including the actA, prfA, and dal/dat genes).
- an attenuated Listeria strain can comprise a mutation or deletion of an endogenous internalin C (inlC) gene and/or a mutation or deletion of an endogenous actA gene.
- an attenuated Listeria strain can comprise a mutation or deletion of an endogenous internalin B (MB) gene and/or a mutation or deletion of an endogenous actA gene.
- an attenuated Listeria strain can comprise a mutation or deletion of endogenous MB, MC, and actA genes.
- Translocation of Listeria to adjacent cells is inhibited by the deletion of the endogenous actA gene and/or the endogenous MC gene or endogenous MB gene, which are involved in the process, thereby resulting in high levels of attenuation with increased immunogenicity and utility as a strain backbone.
- An attenuated Listeria strain can also be a double mutant comprising mutations or deletions of both plcA and plcB. In some cases, the strain can be constructed from the EGD Listeria backbone.
- a bacteria or Listeria strain can also be an auxotrophic strain having a mutation in a metabolic gene.
- the strain can be deficient in one or more endogenous amino acid metabolism genes.
- the generation of auxotrophic strains of Listeria deficient in D-alanine may be accomplished in a number of ways that are well known, including deletion mutations, insertion mutations, frameshift mutations, mutations which cause premature termination of a protein, or mutation of regulatory sequences which affect gene expression. Deletion mutants may be preferred because of the accompanying low probability of reversion of the auxotrophic phenotype.
- mutants of D-alanine which are generated according to the protocols presented herein may be tested for the ability to grow in the absence of D-alanine in a simple laboratory culture assay. Those mutants which are unable to grow in the absence of this compound can be selected.
- Examples of endogenous amino acid metabolism genes include a vitamin synthesis gene, a gene encoding pantothenic acid synthase, a D-glutamic acid synthase gene, a D-alanine amino transferase (dat) gene, a D-alanine racemase (dal) gene, dga, a gene involved in the synthesis of diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a gene involved in the synthesis of Cysteine synthase A (cysK), a vitamin-B12 independent methionine synthase, trpA, trpB, trpE, asnB, gltD, gltB, leuA, argG, and thrC.
- a vitamin synthesis gene a gene encoding pantothenic acid synthase, a D-glutamic acid synthase gene, a D-alanine amino transferase (dat) gene, a D-a
- the Listeria strain can be deficient in two or more such genes (e.g., dat and dal). D-glutamic acid synthesis is controlled in part by the dal gene, which is involved in the conversion of D-glu + pyr to alpha-ketoglutarate + D-ala, and the reverse reaction.
- an attenuated Listeria strain can be deficient in an endogenous synthase gene, such as an amino acid synthesis gene.
- endogenous synthase gene such as an amino acid synthesis gene.
- genes include folP, a gene encoding a dihydrouridine synthase family protein, ispD, ispF, a gene encoding a phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, hisF, hisH, fliI, a gene encoding a ribosomal large subunit pseudouridine synthase, ispD, a gene encoding a bifunctional GMP
- synthase/glutamine amidotransferase protein cobS, cobB, cbiD
- a gene encoding a uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase/uroporphyrinogen-III synthase cobQ, uppS, truB, dxs, mvaS, dapA, ispG,folC
- a gene encoding a citrate synthase, argj a gene encoding a 3-deoxy- 7-phosphoheptulonate synthase
- a gene encoding an indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase a gene encoding an anthranilate synthase/glutamine amidotransferase component, menB, a gene encoding a menaquinone-specific isochorismate synthase, a gene encoding a
- phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase carB, carA, thyA, mgsA, aroB, hepB, rluB, ilvB, ilvN, alsS,fabF,fabH, a gene encoding a pseudouridine synthase, pyrG, truA, pabB, and an atp synthase gene (e.g., atpC, atpD-2, aptG, atpA-2, and so forth).
- an atp synthase gene e.g., atpC, atpD-2, aptG, atpA-2, and so forth.
- Attenuated Listeria strains can be deficient in endogenous phoP, aroA, aroC, aroD, or plcB.
- an attenuated Listeria strain can be deficient in an endogenous peptide transporter.
- Examples include genes encoding an ABC transporter/ ATP- binding/permease protein, an oligopeptide ABC transporter/oligopeptide-binding protein, an oligopeptide ABC transporter/permease protein, a zinc ABC transporter/zinc-binding protein, a sugar ABC transporter, a phosphate transporter, a ZIP zinc transporter, a drug resistance transporter of the EmrBIQacA family, a sulfate transporter, a proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter, a magnesium transporter, a formate/nitrite transporter, a spermidine/putrescine ABC transporter, a Na/Pi-cotransporter, a sugar phosphate transporter, a glutamine ABC transporter, a major facilitator family transporter, a glycine betaine/L-proline ABC transporter, a molybdenum ABC transporter, a techoic acid ABC transporter, a cobalt ABC transporter, an ammonium transporter,
- maltose/maltodextrin ABC transporter a drug resistance transporter of the BcrlCflA family, and a subunit of one of the above proteins.
- Attenuated bacteria and Listeria strains can be deficient in an endogenous metabolic enzyme that metabolizes an amino acid that is used for a bacterial growth process, a replication process, cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, metabolism of a fatty acid, or for any other growth or replication process.
- an attenuated strain can be deficient in an endogenous metabolic enzyme that can catalyze the formation of an amino acid used in cell wall synthesis, can catalyze the synthesis of an amino acid used in cell wall synthesis, or can be involved in synthesis of an amino acid used in cell wall synthesis.
- the amino acid can be used in cell wall biogenesis.
- the metabolic enzyme is a synthetic enzyme for D-glutamic acid, a cell wall component.
- Attenuated Listeria strains can be deficient in metabolic enzymes encoded by a D-glutamic acid synthesis gene, dga, an air (alanine racemase) gene, or any other enzymes that are involved in alanine synthesis.
- metabolic enzymes for which the Listeria strain can be deficient include enzymes encoded by serC (a phosphoserine aminotransferase), asd (aspartate betasemialdehyde dehydrogenase; involved in synthesis of the cell wall constituent diaminopimelic acid), the gene encoding gsaB- glutamate-1- semialdehyde aminotransferase (catalyzes the formation of 5-aminolevulinate from (S)-4- amino-5-oxopentanoate), hemL (catalyzes the formation of 5-aminolevulinate from (S)-4- amino-5-oxopentanoate), aspB (an aspartate aminotransferase that catalyzes the formation of oxalozcetate and L-glutamate from L-aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate), argF-1 (involved in arginine biosynthesis), aroE (involved in amino acid
- An attenuated Listeria strain can be generated by mutation of other metabolic enzymes, such as a tRNA synthetase.
- the metabolic enzyme can be encoded by the trpS gene, encoding tryptophanyltRNA synthetase.
- the host strain bacteria can be A(trpS aroA), and both markers can be contained in an integration vector.
- metabolic enzymes include aspartate aminotransferase, histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase (GenBank Accession No. NP_466347), or the cell wall teichoic acid glycosylation protein GtcA.
- the component can be, for example, UDP-N-acetylmuramylpentapeptide, UDP- N-acetylglucosamine, MurNAc-(pentapeptide)-pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol, GlcNAc-p- (l,4)-MurNAc-(pentapeptide)-pyrophosphorylundecaprenol, or any other peptidoglycan component or precursor.
- the metabolic enzyme can be any other synthetic enzyme for a peptidoglycan component or precursor.
- the metabolic enzyme can also be a trans- glycosylase, a trans-peptidase, a carboxy-peptidase, any other class of metabolic enzyme, or any other metabolic enzyme.
- the metabolic enzyme can be any other Listeria metabolic enzyme or any other Listeria monocytogenes metabolic enzyme.
- the attenuated bacteria or Listeria strains disclosed herein can further comprise a nucleic acid comprising a complementing gene or encoding a metabolic enzyme that complements an attenuating mutation (e.g., complements the auxotrophy of the auxotrophic Listeria strain).
- a nucleic acid having a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein can further comprise a second open reading frame comprising the complementing gene or encoding the complementing metabolic enzyme.
- a first nucleic acid can encode the fusion polypeptide and a separate second nucleic acid can comprise the complementing gene or encode the complementing metabolic enzyme.
- the complementing gene can be extrachromosomal or can be integrated into the bacteria or Listeria genome.
- the auxotrophic Listeria strain can comprise an episomal plasmid comprising a nucleic acid encoding a metabolic enzyme. Such plasmids will be contained in the Listeria in an episomal or extrachromosomal fashion.
- the auxotrophic Listeria strain can comprise an integrative plasmid (i.e., integration vector) comprising a nucleic acid encoding a metabolic enzyme.
- integrative plasmids can be used for integration into a Listeria chromosome.
- the episomal plasmid or the integrative plasmid lacks an antibiotic resistance marker.
- the metabolic gene can be used for selection instead of or in addition to an antibiotic resistance gene.
- transformed auxotrophic bacteria in order to select for auxotrophic bacteria comprising a plasmid encoding a metabolic enzyme or a complementing gene provided herein, transformed auxotrophic bacteria can be grown in a medium that will select for expression of the gene encoding the metabolic enzyme (e.g., amino acid metabolism gene) or the complementing gene.
- a bacteria auxotrophic for D-glutamic acid synthesis can be transformed with a plasmid comprising a gene for D-glutamic acid synthesis, and the auxotrophic bacteria will grow in the absence of D-glutamic acid, whereas auxotrophic bacteria that have not been transformed with the plasmid, or are not expressing the plasmid encoding a protein for D-glutamic acid synthesis, will not grow.
- a bacterium auxotrophic for D-alanine synthesis will grow in the absence of D-alanine when transformed and expressing a plasmid comprising a nucleic acid encoding an amino acid metabolism enzyme for D-alanine synthesis.
- auxotrophic bacteria comprising the plasmid encoding a metabolic enzyme or a complementing gene provided herein
- the bacteria can be propagated in the presence of a selective pressure. Such propagation can comprise growing the bacteria in media without the auxotrophic factor.
- the presence of the plasmid expressing the metabolic enzyme or the complementing gene in the auxotrophic bacteria ensures that the plasmid will replicate along with the bacteria, thus continually selecting for bacteria harboring the plasmid.
- Production of the bacteria or Listeria strain can be readily scaled up by adjusting the volume of the medium in which the auxotrophic bacteria comprising the plasmid are growing.
- the attenuated strain is a strain having a deletion of or an inactivating mutation in dal and dat (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) dal(-)dat(-) (Lmdd) or Lm dal(-)dat(-)AactA (LmddA)), and the complementing gene encodes an alanine racemase enzyme (e.g., encoded by dal gene) or a D-amino acid aminotransferase enzyme (e.g., encoded by dat gene).
- dal and dat e.g., Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) dal(-)dat(-) (Lmdd) or Lm dal(-)dat(-)AactA (LmddA)
- the complementing gene encodes an alanine racemase enzyme (e.g., encoded by dal gene) or a D-amino acid aminotransferas
- An exemplary alanine racemase protein can have the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 76 (encoded by SEQ ID NO: 78; GenBank Accession No: AF038438) or can be a homologue, variant, isoform, analog, fragment, fragment of a homologue, fragment of a variant, fragment of an analog, or fragment of an isoform of SEQ ID NO: 76 .
- the alanine racemase protein can also be any other Listeria alanine racemase protein.
- the alanine racemase protein can be any other gram-positive alanine racemase protein or any other alanine racemase protein.
- An exemplary D-amino acid aminotransferase protein can have the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 77 (encoded by SEQ ID NO: 79; GenBank Accession No: AF038439) or can be a homologue, variant, isoform, analog, fragment, fragment of a homologue, fragment of a variant, fragment of an analog, or fragment of an isoform of SEQ ID NO: 77.
- the D-amino acid aminotransferase protein can also be any other Listeria D-amino acid aminotransferase protein.
- the D-amino acid aminotransferase protein can be any other gram-positive D-amino acid aminotransferase protein or any other D-amino acid aminotransferase protein.
- the attenuated strain is a strain having a deletion of or an inactivating mutation in prfA (e.g., Lm prfA(-)), and the complementing gene encodes a PrfA protein.
- the complementing gene can encode a mutant PrfA (D133V) protein that restores partial PrfA function.
- SEQ ID NO: 80 encoded by nucleic acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 81
- SEQ ID NO: 82 an example of a D133V mutant PrfA protein is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 82 (encoded by nucleic acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 83).
- the complementing PrfA protein can be a homologue, variant, isoform, analog, fragment, fragment of a homologue, fragment of a variant, fragment of an analog, or fragment of an isoform of SEQ ID NO: 80 or 82.
- the PrfA protein can also be any other Listeria PrfA protein.
- the PrfA protein can be any other gram- positive PrfA protein or any other PrfA protein.
- the bacteria strain or Listeria strain can comprise a deletion of or an inactivating mutation in an actA gene, and the complementing gene can comprise an actA gene to complement the mutation and restore function to the Listeria strain.
- the recombinant bacteria strain (e.g., Listeria strain) optionally has been passaged through an animal host.
- Such passaging can maximize efficacy of the Listeria strain as a vaccine vector, can stabilize the immunogenicity of the Listeria strain, can stabilize the virulence of the Listeria strain, can increase the immunogenicity of the Listeria strain, can increase the virulence of the Listeria strain, can remove unstable sub-strains of the Listeria strain, or can reduce the prevalence of unstable sub-strains of the Listeria strain.
- Methods for passaging a recombinant Listeria strain through an animal host are well known in the art and are described, for example, in US 2006/0233835, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- the recombinant bacteria strain can be stored in a frozen cell bank or stored in a lyophilized cell bank.
- a cell bank can be, for example, a master cell bank, a working cell bank, or a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) cell bank.
- GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
- Examples of "Good Manufacturing Practices” include those defined by 21 CFR 210-211 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations. However, “Good Manufacturing Practices” can also be defined by other standards for production of clinical-grade material or for human
- Such cell banks can be intended for production of clinical-grade material or can conform to regulatory practices for human use.
- Recombinant bacteria strains can also be from a batch of vaccine doses, from a frozen stock, or from a lyophilized stock.
- Such cell banks, frozen stocks, or batches of vaccine doses can, for example, exhibit viability upon thawing of greater than 90%.
- the thawing for example, can follow storage for cryopreservation or frozen storage for 24 hours.
- the storage can last, for example, for 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 5 months, 6 months, 9 months, or 1 year.
- the cell bank, frozen stock, or batch of vaccine doses can be cryopreserved, for example, by a method that comprises growing a culture of the bacteria strain (e.g., Listeria strain) in a nutrient media, freezing the culture in a solution comprising glycerol, and storing the Listeria strain at below -20°C.
- the temperature can be, for example, about -70°C or between about -70 to about -80°C.
- the cell bank, frozen stock, or batch of vaccine doses can be cryopreserved by a method that comprises growing a culture of the Listeria strain in a defined medium, freezing the culture in a solution comprising glycerol, and storing the Listeria strain at below -20 °C.
- the temperature can be, for example, about - 70°C or between about -70 to about -80°C. Any defined microbiological medium may be used in this method.
- the culture e.g., the culture of a Listeria vaccine strain that is used to produce a batch of Listeria vaccine doses
- the culture can be inoculated, for example, from a cell bank, from a frozen stock, from a starter culture, or from a colony.
- the culture can be inoculated, for example, at mid-log growth phase, at approximately mid-log growth phase, or at another growth phase.
- the solution used for freezing optionally contain another colligative additive or additive with anti- freeze properties in place of glycerol or in addition to glycerol.
- additives include, for example, mannitol, DMSO, sucrose, or any other colligative additive or additive with anti-freeze properties.
- the nutrient medium utilized for growing a culture of a bacteria strain can be any suitable nutrient medium.
- suitable media include, for example, LB; TB; a modified, animal-product- free Terrific Broth; or a defined medium.
- the step of growing can be performed by any known means of growing bacteria.
- the step of growing can be performed with a shake flask (such as a baffled shake flask), a batch fermenter, a stirred tank or flask, an airlift fermenter, a fed batch, a continuous cell reactor, an immobilized cell reactor, or any other means of growing bacteria.
- a constant pH is maintained during growth of the culture (e.g. in a batch fermenter).
- the pH can be maintained at about 6.0, at about 6.5, at about 7.0, at about 7.5, or about 8.0.
- the pH can be, for example, from about 6.5 to about 7.5, from about 6.0 to about 8.0, from about 6.0 to about 7.0, from about 6.0 to about 7.0, or from about 6.5 to about 7.5.
- a constant temperature can be maintained during growth of the culture.
- the temperature can be maintained at about 37°C or at 37°C.
- the temperature can be maintained at 25 °C, 27°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, or 39°C.
- a constant dissolved oxygen concentration can be maintained during growth of the culture.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration can be maintained at 20% of saturation, 15% of saturation, 16% of saturation, 18% of saturation, 22% of saturation, 25% of saturation, 30% of saturation, 35% of saturation, 40% of saturation, 45% of saturation, 50% of saturation, 55% of saturation, 60% of saturation, 65% of saturation, 70% of saturation, 75% of saturation, 80% of saturation, 85% of saturation, 90% of saturation, 95% of saturation, 100% of saturation, or near 100% of saturation.
- Methods for lyophilization and cryopreservation of recombinant bacteria strains are known.
- a Listeria culture can be flash- frozen in liquid nitrogen, followed by storage at the final freezing temperature.
- the culture can be frozen in a more gradual manner (e.g., by placing in a vial of the culture in the final storage temperature).
- the culture can also be frozen by any other known method for freezing a bacterial culture.
- the storage temperature of the culture can be, for example, between -20 and - 80°C.
- the temperature can be significantly below -20°C or not warmer than - 70°C.
- the temperature can be about -70°C, -20°C, -30°C, -40°C, -50°C, -60°C, -80°C, -30 to -70°C, -40 to -70°C, -50 to -70°C, -60 to -70°C, -30 to -80°C, -40 to -80°C, -50 to -80°C, -60 to -80°C, or -70 to -80°C.
- the temperature can be colder than 70°C or colder than -80°C.
- immunogenic compositions comprising a recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein, or a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain as disclosed herein.
- An immunogenic composition comprising a Listeria strain can be inherently immunogenic by virtue of its comprising a Listeria strain and/or the composition can also further comprise an adjuvant.
- Other immunogenic compositions comprise DNA immunotherapy or peptide immunotherapy compositions.
- immunogenic composition refers to any composition containing an antigen that elicits an immune response against the antigen in a subject upon exposure to the composition. The immune response elicited by an immunogenic composition can be to a particular antigen or to a particular epitope on the antigen.
- An immunogenic composition can comprise a single recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein, nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein, or recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain as disclosed herein, or it can comprise multiple different recombinant fusion polypeptides as disclosed herein, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides as disclosed herein, or recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains as disclosed herein.
- a first recombinant fusion polypeptide is different from a second recombinant fusion polypeptide, for example, if it includes one antigenic peptide that the second recombinant fusion polypeptide does not.
- the two recombinant fusion polypeptides can include some of the same antigenic peptides and still be considered different.
- Such different recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, or recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains can be administered concomitantly to a subject or sequentially to a subject. Sequential
- administration can be particularly useful when a drug substance comprising a recombinant Listeria strain (or recombinant fusion polypeptide or nucleic acid) disclosed herein is in different dosage forms (e.g., one agent is a tablet or capsule and another agent is a sterile liquid) and/or is administered on different dosing schedules (e.g., one composition from the mixture is administered at least daily and another is administered less frequently, such as once weekly, once every two weeks, or once every three weeks).
- the multiple recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, or recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains can each comprise a different set of antigenic peptides.
- two or more of the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, or recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains can comprise the same set of antigenic peptides (e.g., the same set of antigenic peptides in a different order).
- An immunogenic composition can additionally comprise an adjuvant (e.g., two or more adjuvants), a cytokine, a chemokine, or combination thereof.
- an immunogenic composition can additionally comprises antigen presenting cells (APCs), which can be autologous or can be allogeneic to the subject.
- APCs antigen presenting cells
- an adjuvant includes compounds or mixtures that enhance the immune response to an antigen.
- an adjuvant can be a non-specific stimulator of an immune response or substances that allow generation of a depot in a subject which when combined with an immunogenic composition disclosed herein provides for an even more enhanced and/or prolonged immune response.
- An adjuvant can favor, for example, a predominantly Thl -mediated immune response, a Thl-type immune response, or a Thl- mediated immune response.
- an adjuvant can favor a cell-mediated immune response over an antibody-mediated response.
- an adjuvant can favor an antibody-mediated response.
- Some adjuvants can enhance the immune response by slowly releasing the antigen, while other adjuvants can mediate their effects by any of the following mechanisms: increasing cellular infiltration, inflammation, and trafficking to the injection site, particularly for antigen-presenting cells (APC); promoting the activation state of APCs by upregulating costimulatory signals or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression; enhancing antigen presentation; or inducing cytokine release for indirect effect.
- APC antigen-presenting cells
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- adjuvants include saponin QS21 , CpG oligonucleotides,
- a suitable adjuvant examples include granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or a nucleic acid encoding the same and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) proteins or nucleic acids encoding the same.
- the GM-CSF can be, for example, a human protein grown in a yeast (S. cerevisiae) vector.
- GM-CSF promotes clonal expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells, and T cells.
- APCs antigen presenting cells
- T cells are examples of a suitable adjuvant.
- dtLLO listeriolysin O
- dtLLO suitable for use as an adjuvant is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 95.
- a dtLLO encoded by a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 95 is also suitable for use as an adjuvant.
- adjuvants include growth factors or nucleic acids encoding the same, cell populations, Freund' s incomplete adjuvant, aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin), alum, interleukins or nucleic acids encoding the same, quill glycosides, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, bacterial mitogens, bacterial toxins, or any other type of known adjuvant (see, e.g., Fundamental Immunology, 5th ed. (March 2003): William E. Paul (Editor); Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers; Chapter 43: Vaccines, GJV Nossal, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes).
- An immunogenic composition can further comprise one or more immunomodulatory molecules. Examples include interferon gamma, a cytokine, a chemokine, and a T cell stimulant.
- An immunogenic composition can be in the form of a vaccine or pharmaceutical composition.
- the terms "vaccine” and “pharmaceutical composition” are interchangeable and refer to an immunogenic composition in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for in vivo administration to a subject.
- a vaccine may be, for example, a peptide vaccine (e.g., comprising a recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein), a DNA vaccine (e.g., comprising a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide as disclosed herein), or a vaccine contained within and delivered by a cell (e.g., a recombinant Listeria as disclosed herein).
- a vaccine may prevent a subject from contracting or developing a disease or condition and/or a vaccine may be therapeutic to a subject having a disease or condition.
- Methods for preparing peptide vaccines are well known and are described, for example, in EP 1408048, US 2007/0154953, and Ogasawara et al. (1992) Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 89:8995- 8999, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- peptide evolution techniques can be used to create an antigen with higher immunogenicity.
- Techniques for peptide evolution are well known and are described, for example, in US 6,773,900, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a vehicle for containing an immunogenic composition that can be introduced into a subject without significant adverse effects and without having deleterious effects on the immunogenic composition. That is, “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to any formulation which is safe, and provides the appropriate delivery for the desired route of administration of an effective amount of at least one immunogenic composition for use in the methods disclosed herein.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or vehicles or excipients are well known. Descriptions of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and factors involved in their selection, are found in a variety of readily available sources such as, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th ed., 1990, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- Such carriers can be suitable for any route of administration (e.g., parenteral, enteral (e.g., oral), or topical application).
- Such pharmaceutical compositions can be buffered, for example, wherein the pH is maintained at a particular desired value, ranging from pH 4.0 to pH 9.0, in accordance with the stability of the immunogenic compositions and route of administration.
- Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, sterile water, salt solutions such as saline, glucose, buffered solutions such as phosphate buffered solutions or bicarbonate buffered solutions, alcohols, gum arabic, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols, gelatine, carbohydrates (e.g., lactose, amylose or starch), magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, white paraffin, glycerol, alginates, hyaluronic acid, collagen, perfume oil, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, hydroxy methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the like.
- compositions or vaccines may also include auxiliary agents including, for example, diluents, stabilizers (e.g., sugars and amino acids), preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifiers, pH buffering agents, viscosity enhancing additives, lubricants, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, vitamins, coloring, flavoring, aromatic substances, and the like which do not deleteriously react with the immunogenic composition.
- auxiliary agents including, for example, diluents, stabilizers (e.g., sugars and amino acids), preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifiers, pH buffering agents, viscosity enhancing additives, lubricants, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, vitamins, coloring, flavoring, aromatic substances, and the like which do not deleteriously react with the immunogenic composition.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may be aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, or oils.
- Non-aqueous solvents include, for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
- Aqueous carriers include, for example, water, alcoholic/aqueous solutions, emulsions or suspensions, including saline and buffered media.
- oils include those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and fish-liver oil.
- Solid carriers/diluents include, for example, a gum, a starch (e.g., corn starch, pregeletanized starch), a sugar (e.g., lactose, mannitol, sucrose, or dextrose), a cellulosic material (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose), an acrylate (e.g., polymethylacrylate), calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, talc, or mixtures thereof.
- a gum e.g., corn starch, pregeletanized starch
- a sugar e.g., lactose, mannitol, sucrose, or dextrose
- a cellulosic material e.g., microcrystalline cellulose
- an acrylate e.g., polymethylacrylate
- calcium carbonate e.g., magnesium oxide, talc, or mixtures thereof.
- sustained or directed release pharmaceutical compositions or vaccines can be formulated. This can be accomplished, for example, through use of liposomes or compositions wherein the active compound is protected with differentially degradable coatings (e.g., by microencapsulation, multiple coatings, and so forth). Such compositions may be formulated for immediate or slow release. It is also possible to freeze-dry the compositions and use the lyophilisates obtained (e.g., for the preparation of products for injection).
- An immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine disclosed herein may also comprise one or more additional compounds effective in preventing or treating cancer.
- the additional compound may comprise a compound useful in chemotherapy, such as amsacrine, bleomycin, busulfan, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, crisantaspase, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, fluorouracil (5-FU), gemcitabine, gliadelimplants, hydroxycarbamide, idarubicin, ifosfamide, irinotecan, leucovorin, liposomaldoxorubicin, liposomaldaunorubicin, lomustine, mel
- the additional compound can also comprise other biologies, including Herceptin ® (trastuzumab) against the HER2 antigen, Avastin ® (bevacizumab) against VEGF, or antibodies to the EGF receptor, such as Erbitux ® (cetuximab), and Vectibix ® (panitumumab).
- the additional compound can also comprise, for example, an additional immunotherapy.
- An additional compound can also comprise an immune checkpoint inhibitor antagonist, such as a PD-1 signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD-80/86 and CTLA-4 signaling pathway inhibitor, a T cell membrane protein 3 (TIM3) signaling pathway inhibitor, an adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) signaling pathway inhibitor, a killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD40 signaling pathway inhibitor, or any other antigen-presenting cell/T cell signaling pathway inhibitor.
- an immune checkpoint inhibitor antagonist such as a PD-1 signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD-80/86 and CTLA-4 signaling pathway inhibitor, a T cell membrane protein 3 (TIM3) signaling pathway inhibitor, an adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) signaling pathway inhibitor, a killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD40 signaling pathway inhibitor, or
- immune checkpoint inhibitor antagonists include an anti-PD-Ll/PD-L2 antibody or fragment thereof, an anti-PD-1 antibody or fragment thereof, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody or fragment thereof, or an anti-B7-H4 antibody or fragment thereof.
- An additional compound can also comprise a T cell stimulator, such as an antibody or functional fragment thereof binding to a T-cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule, an antigen presenting cell receptor binding co-stimulatory molecule, or a member of the TNF receptor superfamily.
- the T-cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule can comprise, for example, CD28 or ICOS.
- the antigen presenting cell receptor binding co-stimulatory molecule can comprise, for example, a CD80 receptor, a CD86 receptor, or a CD46 receptor.
- the TNF receptor superfamily member can comprise, for example, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), OX40 (CD134 receptor), 4-1BB (CD137 receptor), or TNFR25. See, e.g. , WO2016100929, WO2016011362, and WO2016011357, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. V. Therapeutic Methods
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, and vaccines disclosed herein can be used in various methods. For example, they can be used in methods of inducing or enhancing an anti-WTl immune response in a subject, in methods of inducing or enhancing an anti-WTl -expressing-tumor or anti-WTl -expressing-cancer immune response in a subject, in methods of treating a tumor or cancer in a subject, in methods of preventing a tumor or cancer in a subject, or in methods of protecting a subject against a tumor or cancer.
- T effector cells can also be used in methods of increasing the ratio of T effector cells to regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and tumor of a subject, wherein the T effector cells are targeted to WT1. They can also be used in methods for increasing WT1 T cells in a subject, increasing survival time of a subject having a tumor or cancer, delaying the onset of cancer in a subject, or reducing tumor or metastasis size in a subject.
- Tregs regulatory T cells
- a method of inducing an anti-WTl immune response in a subject can comprise, for example, administering to the subject a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein (e.g., that comprises a recombinant fusion polypeptide disclosed herein or a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide).
- An anti-WTl immune response can thereby be induced in the subject.
- the Listeria strain in the case of a recombinant Listeria strain, can express the fusion polypeptide, thereby eliciting an immune response in the subject.
- the immune response can comprise, for example, a T-cell response, such as a CD4+FoxP3- T cell response, a CD8+ T cell response, or a CD4+FoxP3- and CD8+ T cell response.
- T-cell response such as a CD4+FoxP3- T cell response, a CD8+ T cell response, or a CD4+FoxP3- and CD8+ T cell response.
- Tregs regulatory T cells
- a method of inducing an anti-WTl -expressing-tumor or anti-WTl -expressing- cancer immune response in a subject can comprise, for example, administering to the subject a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein.
- An anti-tumor or anti-cancer immune response can thereby be induced in the subject.
- the Listeria strain can express the fusion polypeptide, thereby eliciting an anti-tumor or anti-cancer response in the subject.
- a method of treating a tumor or cancer in a subject can comprise, for example, administering to the subject a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein.
- the subject can then mount an immune response against the tumor or cancer expressing the WT1 , thereby treating the tumor or cancer in the subject.
- a method of preventing a tumor or cancer in a subject or protecting a subject against developing a tumor or cancer can comprise, for example, administering to the subject a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein.
- the subject can then mount an immune response against the WT1, thereby preventing a tumor or cancer or protecting the subject against developing a tumor or cancer.
- two or more recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines are administered.
- the multiple recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines can be administered sequentially in any order or combination, or can be administered simultaneously in any combination.
- the compositions can be administered during the same immune response, preferably within 0-10 or 3-7 days of each other.
- the multiple recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines can each comprise a different set of antigenic peptides.
- two or more can comprise the same set of antigenic peptides (e.g., the same set of antigenic peptides in a different order).
- Cancer is a physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth and proliferation.
- Any cancer or pre-malignant condition expressing or associated with WT1 expression can be the subject of the therapeutic or prophylactic methods disclosed herein (i.e., any hematologic or solid tumor malignancy as well as any pre- malignant dysplastic tissue or conditions).
- Cancers can be hematopoietic malignancies or solid tumors (i.e., masses of cells that result from excessive cell growth or proliferation, including pre-cancerous legions).
- Metastatic cancer refers to a cancer that has spread from the place where it first started to another place in the body.
- metastatic cancer Tumors formed by metastatic cancer cells are called a metastatic tumor or a metastasis, which is a term also used to refer to the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body.
- metastatic cancer has the same name and same type of cancer cells as the original, or primary, cancer.
- solid tumors include melanoma, carcinoma, blastoma, and sarcoma.
- Hematologic malignancies include, for example, leukemia or lymphoid malignancies, such as lymphoma.
- Exemplary categories of cancers include brain, breast, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, head and neck, heme, skin and thoracic.
- Brain malignancies include, for example, glioblastoma, high-grade pontine glioma, low-grade glioma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and pilocytic astrocytoma.
- Gastrointestinal cancers include, for example, colorectal, gallbladder, hepatocellular, pancreas, PNET, gastric, and esophageal.
- Genitourinary cancers include, for example, adrenocortical, bladder, kidney chromophobe, renal (clear cell), renal (papillary), rhabdoid cancers, and prostate.
- Gynecologic cancers include, for example, uterine carcinosarcoma, uterine endometrial, serous ovarian, and cervical.
- Head and neck cancers include, for example, thyroid, nasopharyngeal, head and neck, and adenoid cystic.
- Heme cancers include, for example, multiple myeloma, myelodysplasia, mantle-cell lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
- Skin cancers includes, for example, cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
- Thoracic cancers include, for example, squamous lung, small-cell lung, and lung adenocarcinoma.
- cancers include squamous cell cancer or carcinoma (e.g., oral squamous cell carcinoma), myeloma, oral cancer, juvenile
- nasopharyngeal angiofibroma neuroendocrine tumors, lung cancer, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, glial tumors, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer or uterine cancer or carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer (e.g., renal cell carcinoma), prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, gallbladder cancer, osteosarcoma, mesothelioma, as well as head and neck cancer.
- gastrointestinal cancer pancreatic cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, glial tumors, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer,
- a cancer can also be a brain cancer or another type of CNS or intracranial tumor.
- a subject can have an astrocytic tumor (e.g., astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma), oligodendroglial tumor (e.g., oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma), ependymal cell tumor (e.g., ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, subependymoma), mixed glioma (e.g., mixed oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma), neuroepithelial tumor of uncertain origin (e
- Wilms tumor protein examples include Wilms tumor (a pediatric nephroblastoma), breast cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and gastrointestinal cancers such as esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gall bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, anal cancer, and gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
- TNBC triple negative breast cancer
- ER estrogen receptor
- PR progesterone receptor
- Her2/neu Her2/neu.
- cancers that could express WT1 include acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a cancer associated with MDS, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a leukemia, a hematological cancer, a lymphoma, a desmoplastic small round cell tumor, a mesothelioma, a malignant mesothelioma, a gastric cancer, a colon cancer, a lung cancer, a breast cancer, a germ cell tumor, an ovarian cancer, a uterine cancer, a thyroid cancer, a hepatocellular carcinoma, a liver cancer, a renal cancer, a Kaposi's sarcoma, or any other carcinoma or sarcoma.
- AML acute myelogenous leukemia
- MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- a leukemia a hematological cancer,
- a cancer expressing WT1 can be a solid tumor, such as a solid tumor associated with MDS, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, skin cancer, or melanoma.
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- lung cancer breast cancer
- colorectal cancer prostate cancer
- ovarian cancer renal cancer
- pancreatic cancer brain cancer
- gastrointestinal cancer skin cancer
- melanoma melanoma
- Treating refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to prevent or lessen the targeted tumor or cancer. Treating may include one or more of directly affecting or curing, suppressing, inhibiting, preventing, reducing the severity of, delaying the onset of, slowing the progression of, stabilizing the progression of, inducing remission of, preventing or delaying the metastasis of, reducing/ameliorating symptoms associated with the tumor or cancer, or a combination thereof. For example, treating may include increasing expected survival time or decreasing tumor or metastasis size.
- the effect can be relative to a control subject not receiving a treatment or receiving a placebo treatment.
- the term “treat” or “treating” can also refer to increasing percent chance of survival or increasing expected time of survival for a subject with the tumor or cancer (e.g., relative to a control subject not receiving a treatment or receiving a placebo treatment).
- treating refers to delaying progression, expediting remission, inducing remission, augmenting remission, speeding recovery, increasing efficacy of alternative therapeutics, decreasing resistance to alternative therapeutics, or a combination thereof (e.g., relative to a control subject not receiving a treatment or receiving a placebo treatment).
- preventing or “impeding” can refer, for example to delaying the onset of symptoms, preventing relapse of a tumor or cancer, decreasing the number or frequency of relapse episodes, increasing latency between symptomatic episodes, preventing metastasis of a tumor or cancer, or a combination thereof.
- suppressing can refer, for example, to reducing the severity of symptoms, reducing the severity of an acute episode, reducing the number of symptoms, reducing the incidence of disease-related symptoms, reducing the latency of symptoms, ameliorating symptoms, reducing secondary symptoms, reducing secondary infections, prolonging patient survival, or a combination thereof.
- subject refers to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of therapy for, or susceptible to developing, a tumor or a cancer.
- subject also refers to a mammal (e.g., a human) that receives either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment.
- the subject may include dogs, cats, pigs, cows, sheep, goats, horses, rats, mice, non-human mammals, and humans.
- subject does not necessarily exclude an individual that is healthy in all respects and does not have or show signs of cancer or a tumor.
- An individual is at increased risk of developing a tumor or a cancer if the subject has at least one known risk-factor (e.g., genetic, biochemical, family history, and situational exposure) placing individuals with that risk factor at a statistically significant greater risk of developing the tumor or cancer than individuals without the risk factor.
- risk-factor e.g., genetic, biochemical, family history, and situational exposure
- a "symptom” or “sign” refers to objective evidence of a disease as observed by a physician or subjective evidence of a disease, such as altered gait, as perceived by the subject.
- a symptom or sign may be any manifestation of a disease.
- Symptoms can be primary or secondary.
- the term "primary” refers to a symptom that is a direct result of a particular disease or disorder (e.g., a tumor or cancer), while the term “secondary” refers to a symptom that is derived from or consequent to a primary cause.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptides, the immunogenic compositions, the pharmaceutical compositions, and the vaccines disclosed herein can treat primary or secondary symptoms or secondary complications.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines are administered in an effective regime, meaning a dosage, route of administration, and frequency of administration that delays the onset, reduces the severity, inhibits further deterioration, and/or ameliorates at least one sign or symptom of the tumor or cancer.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines are administered in an effective regime, meaning a dosage, route of administration, and frequency of administration that induces an immune response to a heterologous antigen in the recombinant fusion polypeptide (or encoded by the nucleic acid), the recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, the immunogenic composition, the pharmaceutical composition, or the vaccine, or in the case of recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, that induces an immune response to the bacteria or Listeria strain itself.
- the regime can be referred to as a therapeutically effective regime. If the subject is at elevated risk of developing the tumor or cancer relative to the general population but is not yet experiencing symptoms, the regime can be referred to as a prophylactically effective regime.
- therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy can be observed in an individual patient relative to historical controls or past experience in the same patient. In other instances, therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy can be demonstrated in a preclinical or clinical trial in a population of treated patients relative to a control population of untreated patients.
- a regime can be considered therapeutically or prophylactically effective if an individual treated patient achieves an outcome more favorable than the mean outcome in a control population of comparable patients not treated by methods described herein, or if a more favorable outcome is demonstrated in treated patients versus control patients in a controlled clinical trial (e.g., a phase II, phase II III or phase III trial) at the p ⁇ 0.05 or 0.01 or even 0.001 level.
- a controlled clinical trial e.g., a phase II, phase II III or phase III trial
- Exemplary dosages for a recombinant Listeria strain are, for example, 1 x 10 6 - 1 x 10 7 CFU, 1 x 10 7 - 1 x 10 8 CFU, 1 x 10 8 - 3.31 x 10 10 CFU, 1 x 10 9 - 3.31 x 10 10 CFU, 5- 500 x 10 8 CFU, 7-500 x 10 8 CFU, 10-500 x 10 8 CFU, 20-500 x 10 8 CFU, 30-500 x 10 8 CFU, 50-500 x 10 8 CFU, 70-500 x 10 8 CFU, 100-500 x 10 8 CFU, 150-500 x 10 8 CFU, 5-300 x 10 8 CFU, 5-200 x 10 8 CFU, 5-15 x 10 8 CFU, 5-100 x 10 8 CFU, 5-70 x 10 8 CFU, 5-50 x 10 8 CFU, 5-30 x 10 8 CFU, 5-20 x 10 8 CFU, 1-30 x 10 9 CFU,
- exemplary dosages for a recombinant Listeria strain are, for example, 1 x 10 7 organisms, 1.5 x 10 7 organisms, 2 x 10 8 organisms, 3 x 10 7 organisms, 4 x 10 7 organisms, 5 x 10 7 organisms, 6 x 10 7 organisms, 7 x 10 7 organisms, 8 x 10 7 organisms, 10 x 10 7 organisms, 1.5 x 10 8 organisms, 2 x 10 8 organisms, 2.5 x 10 8 organisms, 3 x 10 8 organisms, 3.3 x 10 8 organisms, 4 x 10 8 organisms, 5 x 10 8 organisms, 1 x 10 9 organisms, 1.5 x 10 9 organisms, 2 x 10 9 organisms, 3 x 10 9 organisms, 4 x 10 9 organisms, 5 x 10 9 organisms, 6 x 10 9 organisms, 7 x 10 9 organisms, 8 x 10 9 organisms, 10 x 10 9 organisms, 1.5 x 10 10 organisms, 2 x 10 10 organisms, 2.5
- Administration can be by any suitable means.
- administration can be parenteral, intravenous, oral, subcutaneous, intra- arterial, intracranial, intrathecal, intracerebro ventricular, intraperitoneal, topical, intranasal, intramuscular, intra-ocular, intrarectal, conjunctival, transdermal, intradermal, vaginal, rectal, intratumoral, parcanceral, transmucosal, intravascular, intraventricular, inhalation (aerosol), nasal aspiration (spray), sublingual, aerosol, suppository, or a combination thereof.
- solutions or suspensions of the recombinant fusion polypeptides for intranasal administration or application by inhalation, solutions or suspensions of the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines mixed and aerosolized or nebulized in the presence of the appropriate carrier are suitable.
- Such an aerosol may comprise any recombinant fusion polypeptide, nucleic acids encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine described herein.
- Administration may also be in the form of a suppository (e.g., rectal suppository or urethral suppository), in the form of a pellet for subcutaneous implantation (e.g., providing for controlled release over a period of time), or in the form of a capsule. Administration may also be via injection into a tumor site or into a tumor. Regimens of administration can be readily determined based on factors such as exact nature and type of the tumor or cancer being treated, the severity of the tumor or cancer, the age and general physical condition of the subject, body weight of the subject, response of the individual subject, and the like.
- the frequency of administration can depend on the half- life of the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines in the subject, the condition of the subject, and the route of administration, among other factors.
- the frequency can be, for example, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or at irregular intervals in response to changes in the subject's condition or progression of the tumor or cancer being treated.
- the course of treatment can depend on the condition of the subject and other factors. For example, the course of treatment can be several weeks, several months, or several years (e.g., up to 2 years). For example, repeat administrations (doses) may be undertaken immediately following the first course of treatment or after an interval of days, weeks or months to achieve tumor regression or suppression of tumor growth.
- Assessment may be determined by any known technique, including diagnostic methods such as imaging techniques, analysis of serum tumor markers, biopsy, or the presence, absence, or amelioration of tumor-associated symptoms.
- diagnostic methods such as imaging techniques, analysis of serum tumor markers, biopsy, or the presence, absence, or amelioration of tumor-associated symptoms.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines can be administered every 3 weeks for up to 2 years.
- a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein is administered in increasing doses in order to increase the T- effector cell to regulatory T cell ratio and generate a more potent anti-tumor immune response.
- Anti-tumor immune responses can be further strengthened by providing the subject with cytokines including, for example, IFN- ⁇ , TNF-a, and other cytokines known to enhance cellular immune response. See, e.g., US 6,991,785, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- Some methods may further comprise "boosting" the subject with additional recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines or administering the recombinant fusion polypeptides, nucleic acids encoding recombinant fusion polypeptides, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strains, immunogenic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, or vaccines multiple times.
- Boosting refers to administering an additional dose to a subject. For example, in some methods, 2 boosts (or a total of 3 inoculations) are administered, 3 boosts are administered, 4 boosts are administered, 5 boosts are administered, or 6 or more boosts are administered. The number of dosages administered can depend on, for example, the response of the tumor or cancer to the treatment.
- the recombinant fusion polypeptide, nucleic acids encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine used in the booster inoculation is the same as the recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine used in the initial "priming" inoculation.
- the booster recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine is different from the priming recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine.
- the same dosages are used in the priming and boosting inoculations.
- a larger dosage is used in the booster, or a smaller dosage is used in the booster.
- the period between priming and boosting inoculations can be experimentally determined.
- the period between priming and boosting inoculations can be 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6-8 weeks, or 8-10 weeks.
- DNA vaccine priming followed by boosting with protein in adjuvant or by viral vector delivery of DNA encoding antigen is one effective way of improving antigen-specific antibody and CD4 + T-cell responses or CD8 + T-cell responses.
- Shiver et al. (2002) Nature 415: 331-335 ; Gilbert et al. (2002) Vaccine 20: 1039-1045; Billaut-Mulot et al. (2000) Vaccine 19:95-102; and Sin et al. (1999) DNA Cell Biol. 18:771-779, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- adding CRL1005 poloxamer (12 kDa, 5% POE) to DNA encoding an antigen can enhance T-cell responses when subjects are vaccinated with a DNA prime followed by a boost with an adenoviral vector expressing the antigen.
- a vector construct encoding an immunogenic portion of an antigen and a protein comprising the immunogenic portion of the antigen can be administered. See, e.g., US 2002/0165172, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- an immune response of nucleic acid vaccination can be enhanced by simultaneous administration of (e.g., during the same immune response, preferably within 0-10 or 3-7 days of each other) a polynucleotide and polypeptide of interest. See, e.g. , US 6,500,432, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- an additional compound may comprise a compound useful in chemotherapy, such as amsacrine, bleomycin, busulfan, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, crisantaspase, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, fluorouracil (5-FU), gemcitabine, gliadelimplants, hydroxycarbamide, idarubicin, ifosfamide, irinotecan, leucovorin, liposomaldoxorubicin, liposomaldaunorubicin, lomustine, melphalan, mer
- an additional compound can also comprise other biologies, including Herceptin ® (trastuzumab) against the HER2 antigen, Avastin ® (bevacizumab) against VEGF, or antibodies to the EGF receptor, such as Erbitux ® (cetuximab), and Vectibix ® (panitumumab).
- an additional compound can comprise other immunotherapies.
- the additional compound can be an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway inhibitor, such as 1 -methyltryptophan (1MT), 1 -methyltryptophan (1MT), Necrostatin- 1 , Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone, Ebselen, 5-Methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde, CAY10581, an anti-IDO antibody, or a small molecule IDO inhibitor.
- IDO inhibition can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
- the therapeutic methods disclosed herein can also be combined with radiation, stem cell treatment, surgery, or any other treatment.
- Such additional compounds or treatments can precede the administration of a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein, follow the administration of a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein, or be simultaneous to the administration of a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, an immunogenic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a vaccine disclosed herein.
- Targeted immunomodulatory therapy is focused primarily on the activation of costimulatory receptors, for example by using agonist antibodies that target members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, including 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR
- GITR insulin-induced TNF receptor-related
- Another target for agonist antibodies are co- stimulatory signal molecules for T cell activation.
- Targeting costimulatory signal molecules may lead to enhanced activation of T cells and facilitation of a more potent immune response.
- Co-stimulation may also help prevent inhibitory influences from checkpoint inhibition and increase antigen-specific T cell proliferation.
- Listeria-based immunotherapy acts by inducing the de novo generation of tumor antigen-specific T cells that infiltrate and destroy the tumor and by reducing the numbers and activities of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment.
- Tregs immunosuppressive regulatory T cells
- MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- Antibodies (or functional fragments thereof) for T cell co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptors e.g., checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4, PD- 1, TIM-3, LAG3 and co-stimulators CD137, OX40, GITR, and CD40
- T cell co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptors e.g., checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4, PD- 1, TIM-3, LAG3 and co-stimulators CD137, OX40, GITR, and CD40
- some methods can comprise further administering a composition comprising an immune checkpoint inhibitor antagonist, such as a PD-1 signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD-80/86 and CTLA-4 signaling pathway inhibitor, a T cell membrane protein 3 (TIM3) signaling pathway inhibitor, an adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) signaling pathway inhibitor, a killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD40 signaling pathway inhibitor, or any other antigen-presenting cell/T cell signaling pathway inhibitor.
- an immune checkpoint inhibitor antagonist such as a PD-1 signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD-80/86 and CTLA-4 signaling pathway inhibitor, a T cell membrane protein 3 (TIM3) signaling pathway inhibitor, an adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) signaling pathway inhibitor, a killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) signaling pathway inhibitor, a CD40
- immune checkpoint inhibitor antagonists include an anti-PD-Ll/PD-L2 antibody or fragment thereof, an anti-PD- 1 antibody or fragment thereof, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody or fragment thereof, or an anti-B7-H4 antibody or fragment thereof.
- an anti PD-1 antibody can be administered to a subject at 5-10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, 5-10 mg/kg every 3 weeks, 1-2 mg/kg every 3 weeks, 1-10 mg/kg every week, 1-10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, 1-10 mg/kg every 3 weeks, or 1-10 mg/kg every 4 weeks.
- some methods can further comprise administering a T cell stimulator, such as an antibody or functional fragment thereof binding to a T-cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule, an antigen presenting cell receptor binding co- stimulatory molecule, or a member of the TNF receptor superfamily.
- a T cell stimulator such as an antibody or functional fragment thereof binding to a T-cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule, an antigen presenting cell receptor binding co- stimulatory molecule, or a member of the TNF receptor superfamily.
- the T-cell receptor co-stimulatory molecule can comprise, for example, CD28 or ICOS.
- the antigen presenting cell receptor binding co-stimulatory molecule can comprise, for example, a CD80 receptor, a CD86 receptor, or a CD46 receptor.
- the TNF receptor superfamily member can comprise, for example, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), OX40 (CD134 receptor), 4-1BB (CD137 receptor), or TNFR25.
- some methods can further comprise administering an effective amount of a composition comprising an antibody or functional fragment thereof binding to a T-cell receptor co- stimulatory molecule or an antibody or functional fragment thereof binding to an antigen presenting cell receptor binding a co-stimulatory molecule.
- the antibody can be, for example, an anti- TNF receptor antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., TNF receptor superfamily member glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), OX40 (CD134 receptor), 4-1BB (CD137 receptor), or TNFR25), an anti-OX40 antibody or antigen- binding fragment thereof, or an anti-GITR antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
- agonistic molecules can be administered (e.g., GITRL, an active fragment of GITRL, a fusion protein containing GITRL, a fusion protein containing an active fragment of GITRL, an antigen presenting cell (APC)/T cell agonist, CD134 or a ligand or fragment thereof, CD 137 or a ligand or fragment thereof, or an inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS) or a ligand or fragment thereof, or an agonistic small molecule).
- GITRL an active fragment of GITRL
- a fusion protein containing GITRL e.g., a fusion protein containing GITRL, a fusion protein containing an active fragment of GITRL, an antigen presenting cell (APC)/T cell agonist, CD134 or a ligand or fragment thereof, CD 137 or a ligand or fragment thereof, or an inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS) or a ligand or fragment thereof, or an agonistic small
- some methods can further comprise administering an anti- CTLA-4 antibody or a functional fragment thereof and/or an anti-CD 137 antibody or functional fragment thereof.
- the anti-CTLA-4 antibody or a functional fragment thereof or the anti-CD 137 antibody or functional fragment thereof can be administered about 72 hours after the first dose of recombinant fusion polypeptide, nucleic acids encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition, pharmaceutical composition, or vaccine, or about 48 hours after the first dose of recombinant fusion polypeptide, nucleic acids encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide, recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain, immunogenic composition,
- the anti-CTLA-4 antibody or a functional fragment thereof or anti-CD 137 antibody or functional fragment thereof can be administered at a dose, for example, of about 0.05 mg/kg and about 5 mg/kg.
- a recombinant Listeria strain or immunogenic composition comprising a recombinant Listeria strain can be administered at a dose, for example, of about 1 x 10 9 CFU.
- Some such methods can further comprise administering an effective amount of an anti-PD- 1 antibody or functional fragment thereof.
- a prostate cancer model can be to test methods and compositions disclosed herein, such as a TRAMP-C2 mouse model, a 178-2 BMA cell model, a PAIII adenocarcinoma cells model, a PC-3M model, or any other prostate cancer model.
- the immunotherapy can be tested in human subjects, and efficacy can be monitored using known.
- Such methods can include, for example, directly measuring CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, or measuring disease progression (e.g., by determining the number or size of tumor metastases, or monitoring disease symptoms such as cough, chest pain, weight loss, and so forth).
- Methods for assessing the efficacy of a cancer immunotherapy in human subjects are well known and are described, for example, in Uenaka et al. (2007) Cancer Immun. 7:9 and Thomas-Kaskel et al. (2006) Int J Cancer 119(10):2428- 2434, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- kits comprising a reagent utilized in performing a method disclosed herein or kits comprising a composition, tool, or instrument disclosed herein.
- kits can comprise a recombinant fusion polypeptide disclosed herein, a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion polypeptide disclosed herein, a recombinant bacteria or Listeria strain disclosed herein, an immunogenic composition disclosed herein, a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, or a vaccine disclosed herein.
- kits can additionally comprise an instructional material which describes use of the recombinant fusion polypeptide, the nucleic acid encoding the recombinant fusion polypeptide, the recombinant Listeria strain, the immunogenic composition, the
- kits can optionally further comprise an applicator.
- model kits are described below, the contents of other useful kits will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
- a recombinant Listeria strain comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WT1) peptides, wherein at least one of the one or more antigenic WTl peptides is a heteroclitic mutant WTl peptide.
- WT1 Wilms tumor protein
- a recombinant Listeria strain comprising a nucleic acid comprising a first open reading frame encoding a fusion polypeptide, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a PEST-containing peptide fused to one or more antigenic Wilms tumor protein (WTl) peptides, wherein the one or more antigenic WTl peptides comprise one or more of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 98-106 and 152.
- WTl Wilms tumor protein
- the two or more antigenic WTl peptides further comprise a first peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99, a second peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 105, a third peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 106, and a fourth peptide comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 152.
- the fusion polypeptide further comprises one or more peptide tags N-terminal and/or C-terminal to the one or more antigenic WTl peptides.
- the one or more peptide tags comprise one or more of the following: 3xFLAG tag; 6xHis tag; SIINFEKL tag, and the FLAG tag set forth in SEQ ID NO: 155.
- the LLO mutation comprises one of the following: (1) a substitution of residues C484, W491, or W492 of SEQ ID NO: 55 or corresponding substitutions when the LLO protein is optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55 ; or (2) a deletion of 1-11 amino acids within the residues 483-493 of SEQ ID NO: 55 or a corresponding deletion when the LLO protein is optimally aligned with SEQ ID NO: 55.
- nucleic acid comprises a second open reading frame encoding a metabolic enzyme.
- recombinant Listeria strain of any one of embodiments 1-20 wherein the recombinant Listeria strain is an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes strain comprising a deletion of or inactivating mutation in prfA, wherein the nucleic acid is in an episomal plasmid and comprises a second open reading frame encoding a D133V PrfA mutant protein.
- recombinant Listeria strain of any one of embodiments 1-20 wherein the recombinant Listeria strain is an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes strain comprising a deletion of or inactivating mutation in actA, dal, and dat, wherein the nucleic acid is in an episomal plasmid and comprises a second open reading frame encoding an alanine racemase enzyme or a D-amino acid aminotransferase enzyme, and wherein the PEST-containing peptide is an N-terminal fragment of LLO.
- immunogenic composition of embodiment 46 wherein the immunogenic comprises a combination of two or more recombinant Listeria strain, wherein each recombinant Listeria strain comprises a different set of antigenic WT1 peptides or the same set of antigenic WT1 peptides in a different order.
- each recombinant Listeria strain comprises a different set of antigenic WT1 peptides.
- the adjuvant comprises a detoxified listeriolysin O (dtLLO), a granulocyte/macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) protein, a nucleotide molecule encoding a GM-CSF protein, saponin QS21 , monophosphoryl lipid A, or an unmethylated CpG-containing oligonucleotide.
- dtLLO listeriolysin O
- GM-CSF granulocyte/macrophage colony- stimulating factor
- a method of inducing an immune response against a tumor or cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject the recombinant Listeria strain of any one of embodiments 1-45 or the immunogenic composition of any one of embodiments 46-50.
- a method of preventing or treating a tumor or cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject the recombinant Listeria strain of any one of embodiments 1-45 or the immunogenic composition of any one of embodiments 46-50.
- each recombinant Listeria strain or immunogenic composition comprises a different set of antigenic WT1 peptides.
- the immune checkpoint inhibitor comprises an anti-PD- 1 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and/or an anti-
- CTLA-4 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- T cell stimulator comprises an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof or an anti-GITR antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- a cell bank comprising one or more recombinant Listeria strains as in any one of embodiments 1-45.
- nucleotide and amino acid sequences listed in the accompanying sequence listing are shown using standard letter abbreviations for nucleotide bases, and three-letter code for amino acids.
- the nucleotide sequences follow the standard convention of beginning at the 5' end of the sequence and proceeding forward (i.e., from left to right in each line) to the 3 ' end. Only one strand of each nucleotide sequence is shown, but the complementary strand is understood to be included by any reference to the displayed strand.
- the amino acid sequences follow the standard convention of beginning at the amino terminus of the sequence and proceeding forward (i.e., from left to right in each line) to the carboxy terminus.
- a first construct was made to express a fusion protein comprising tLLO fused to the WTl-427 long, WTl-331 long, and WT1-122A1 long peptides.
- WTl-Al (SEQ ID NO: 98) is an HLA class I peptide with a R126Y amino acid substitution to stimulate CD8+ responses.
- WT1-122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99) is an HLA class II peptide containing an embedded WTl-Al heteroclitic sequence within the longer peptide to stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ responses according to data from preclinical and phase 1 studies.
- WTl-427 long and WTl-331 long are HLA class II peptides inducing CD4+ responses that could provide help for long- lasting CD8+ T cell responses.
- the first construct comprises from 5' to 3 ' : tLLO-FLAG-Pl-P2-P3, where PI is WTl-427 long, P2 is WTl-331 long, P3 is WT1-122A1 long (heteroclitic tyrosine), and FLAG-PI -P2- P3 are separated by linkers.
- the full WTl-tLLO-FLAG-Pl-P2-P3 heteroclitic tyrosine construct is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 150.
- a second construct is made to express a fusion protein comprising tLLO fused to the WT1-122A1 long, A24-native-long, A24-het-l-long, and A24-het2-long peptides (SEQ ID NOS: 99, 105, 106, and 152, respectively). These three A24 peptides cover additional WT1 peptides binding broader HLA haplotypes of Asian populations.
- Exemplified analogue heteroclitic peptide A24-het-l binds to HLA-A-A2 molecules, induces strong peptide- specific CD8+ T cell response which cross-reacts to native sequence, and induces cytotoxicity of T cells against WTl+HLA-A0201+leukemia cells.
- the second construct comprises from 5' to 3 ' : tLLO-FLAG-P3-P4-P5-P6, where P3 is WT1-122A1 long (heteroclitic tyrosine), P4 is A24-native-long, P5 is A24-het- 1 -long, and P6 is A24-het-2- long, and the FLAG and P3 are separated by linkers.
- the full WTl-tLLO-FLAG-P3-P4-P5- P6 WT1-122A1 long + A24 combo construct is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 151.
- each construct comprised tLLO (SEQ ID NO: 59) fused to a unique heteroclitic WT1 9-mer.
- the sequences of the 9-mers are listed in Table 1. The mutated heteroclitic residues are bolded and underlined.
- the first Lmdda construct was assayed by Western blot for tLLO-fusion protein expression of the fusion polypeptide.
- Single colonies from plates containing Lm WT1 constructs were used to inoculate an overnight culture in 6 mL of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth in a dry shaking incubator at 37 °C.
- BHI Brain Heart Infusion
- Cells were pelleted by 2-minute
- Blots were incubated with anti-FLAG monoclonal Antibody (Sigma F1804) or anti-LLO (Abeam ab200538) as primary and goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugated (sc2005) as a secondary antibody.
- the blots were then incubated on iBind Flex (Invitrogen cat# 1772866), washed, and then developed by Super Signal West Dura Extended Duration Substrate (ThermoFisher #34076); the images were developed on the Amersham Imager 600 (GE).
- Another construct was made to express a fusion protein comprising tLLO fused to the WT1-427 long (SEQ ID NO: 100; PI), WT1-331 long (SEQ ID NO: 101 ; P2), WT1- 122A1 long (SEQ ID NO: 99; P3), A24-het-l (SEQ ID NO: 103 ; P4), A24-het-l-long (SEQ ID NO: 106; P5), A24-het-2-long (SEQ ID NO: 152; P6), and WTl-Al (SEQ ID NO: 98; P7) peptides from N-terminus to C-terminus. See Figure 3.
- AAD mice B6.Cg-Tg(HLA-A/H2-D)2Enge/J; The Jackson Laboratory - Stock No.: 004191
- AAD interspecies hybrid class I MHC gene
- AAD contains the alpha- 1 and alpha-2 domains of the human HLA- A2.1 gene and the alpha-3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the mouse H- 2D d gene, under the direction of the human HLA-A2.1 promoter.
- This transgenic strain enables the modeling of human T cell immune responses to HLA-A2 presented antigens, and may be useful in testing of vaccines for infectious diseases or cancer therapy.
- An immunization schedule is provided in Table 2.
- Vaccine Preparations Briefly, each glycerol stock is streaked over required nutrient plate and grown overnight. A single colony is used for growth in an overnight culture of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth under antibiotic selection. Overnight cultures are used at a 1 : 10 (vol/vol) dilution to inoculate fresh BHI broth. Bacteria are incubated in an orbital shaker for 1-3 hours at 37°C to mid-log phase, an OD of -0.6-0.7. Mice are infected with lxlO 9 CFU Lm by i.p. inoculation in PBS.
- BHI Brain Heart Infusion
- ELISPOT ELISPOT.
- mice are sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation in accordance with IACUC protocols, spleens are harvested, and splenocyte single-cell suspensions are plated on 96-well plates and stimulated with either a WT1 peptide.
- An ELISPOT assay is used to enumerate antigen- specific CD8 T cells responding to either the wild-type or heteroclitic peptides.
- the full ELISPOT protocol is as per CTL immunospot
- DAY O (Sterile Conditions). Prepare Capture Solution by diluting the Capture Antibody according to your specific protocol. Many cytokines benefit from pre- wetting the PVDF membrane with 70% ethanol for 30 sec and washing with 150 of PBS three times before adding 80 ⁇ L ⁇ of the Capture Solution into each well. Incubate plate overnight at 4°C in a humidified chamber.
- DAY I (Sterile Conditions ). Prepare CTL-TestTM Medium by adding 1 % fresh L- glutamine. Prepare antigen/mitogen solutions at 2X final concentration in CTL-TestTM Medium. Decant plate with coating antibody from Day 0 and wash one time with 150 PBS. Plate antigen/mitogen solutions, 100 After thawing PBMC or isolating white blood cells with density gradient, adjust PBMC to desired concentration in CTL-TestTM Medium, e.g., 3 million/mL corresponding to 300,000 cells/well (however, cell numbers can be adjusted according to expected spot counts since 100,000-800,000 cells/well will provide linear results). While processing PBMC and until plating, keep cells at 37 °C in humidified incubator, 5-9% CO2.
- Plate PBMC 100 ⁇ ⁇ using large orifice tips. Once completed, gently tap the sides of the plate and immediately place into a 37 °C humidified incubator, 5- 9% CO2. Incubate for 24-72 hours depending on your cytokine. Do not stack plates. Avoid shaking plates by carefully opening and shutting incubator door. Do not touch plates during incubation.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne des polypeptides de fusion recombinants comprenant un ou plusieurs peptides de protéine tumorale de Wilms (WT1) antigéniques, au moins l'un des peptides WT1 antigéniques étant un peptide WT1 mutant hétéroclitique (par exemple fusionné en peptide contenant du PEST). La présente invention concerne également des acides nucléiques codant pour de tels polypeptides de fusion, des bactéries recombinantes ou des souches de Listeria comprenant de tels polypeptides de fusion ou de tels acides nucléiques, et des banques cellulaires comprenant de telles bactéries recombinantes ou souches de Listeria. La présente invention concerne également des procédés de production de tels polypeptides de fusion, tels que des acides nucléiques, et de telles bactéries recombinantes ou souches de Listeria. La présente invention concerne également des compositions immunogènes, des compositions pharmaceutiques, et des vaccins comprenant de tels polypeptides de fusion, de tels acides nucléiques, ou de telles bactéries recombinantes ou souches de Listeria. L'invention porte également sur des procédés d'induction d'une réponse immune anti-WT1 chez un sujet, sur des procédés d'induction d'une réponse immune anti-tumeur exprimant la WT1 ou anti-cancer exprimant la WT1 chez un sujet, des procédés de traitement d'une tumeur ou d'un cancer exprimant la WT1 ou associé(e) à la WT1 chez un sujet, des procédés de prévention d'une tumeur ou d'un cancer exprimant la WT1 ou associé(e) à la WT1 chez un sujet et des procédés de protection d'un sujet contre une tumeur ou un cancer exprimant la WT1 ou associé(e) à la WT1 à l'aide de tels polypeptides de fusion recombinants, de tels acides nucléiques, de telles souches recombinantes de bactéries ou de souches de Listeria, de compositions immunogènes, de compositions pharmaceutiques ou des vaccins.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201762527793P | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | |
US62/527,793 | 2017-06-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019006401A2 true WO2019006401A2 (fr) | 2019-01-03 |
WO2019006401A3 WO2019006401A3 (fr) | 2019-04-25 |
Family
ID=64742275
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2018/040457 WO2019006401A2 (fr) | 2017-06-30 | 2018-06-29 | Compositions immunogènes à base de listeria comprenant des antigènes de protéine tumorale de wilms hétéroclitique et procédés d'utilisation correspondants |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2019006401A2 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10900044B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2021-01-26 | Advaxis, Inc. | Listeria-based compositions comprising a peptide minigene expression system and methods of use thereof |
US11179339B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2021-11-23 | Advaxis, Inc. | Compositions and methods for lyophilization of bacteria or listeria strains |
US11446369B2 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2022-09-20 | Advaxis, Inc. | Compositions and methods comprising KLK3 or FOLH1 antigen |
EP3952908A4 (fr) * | 2019-04-10 | 2023-01-11 | SLSG Limited LLC | Composition thérapeutique multivalente et procédés d'utilisation pour le traitement de cancers d'expression positive de wt1 |
US11897927B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2024-02-13 | Advaxis, Inc. | Immunogenic compositions targeting recurrent cancer mutations and methods of use thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011100754A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Vaccins à base d'une listeria vivante à titre de thérapie pour le système nerveux central |
HUE052541T2 (hu) * | 2013-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Immunogén WT-1 peptidek és eljárások azok alkalmazására |
AU2015333632A1 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2017-06-01 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Combination therapy for use in cancer therapy |
MA41644A (fr) * | 2015-03-03 | 2018-01-09 | Advaxis Inc | Compositions à base de listeria comprenant un système d'expression de minigènes codant pour des peptides, et leurs procédés d'utilisation |
MX2017015149A (es) * | 2015-05-26 | 2018-03-28 | Advaxis Inc | Inmunoterapia personalizada basada en vectores de suministro y usos de esta. |
WO2017087857A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-26 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Procédés et compositions pour le traitement du cancer |
-
2018
- 2018-06-29 WO PCT/US2018/040457 patent/WO2019006401A2/fr active Application Filing
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11446369B2 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2022-09-20 | Advaxis, Inc. | Compositions and methods comprising KLK3 or FOLH1 antigen |
US10900044B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2021-01-26 | Advaxis, Inc. | Listeria-based compositions comprising a peptide minigene expression system and methods of use thereof |
US11702664B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 | 2023-07-18 | Advaxis, Inc. | Listeria-based compositions comprising a peptide minigene expression system and methods of use thereof |
US11897927B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2024-02-13 | Advaxis, Inc. | Immunogenic compositions targeting recurrent cancer mutations and methods of use thereof |
US11179339B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2021-11-23 | Advaxis, Inc. | Compositions and methods for lyophilization of bacteria or listeria strains |
EP3952908A4 (fr) * | 2019-04-10 | 2023-01-11 | SLSG Limited LLC | Composition thérapeutique multivalente et procédés d'utilisation pour le traitement de cancers d'expression positive de wt1 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2019006401A3 (fr) | 2019-04-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20240124540A1 (en) | Immunogenic compositions targeting recurrent cancer mutations and methods of use thereof | |
WO2019157098A1 (fr) | Compositions comprenant une souche de listeria recombinante et un anticorps anti-ccr8 et méthodes d'utilisation | |
US20210177955A1 (en) | Immunogenic heteroclitic peptides from cancer-associated proteins and methods of use thereof | |
US20190248856A1 (en) | Listeria-Based Immunogenic Compositions Comprising Wilms Tumor Protein Antigens And Methods Of Use Thereof | |
AU2018336988B2 (en) | Compositions and methods for lyophilization of bacteria or Listeria strains | |
WO2019006401A2 (fr) | Compositions immunogènes à base de listeria comprenant des antigènes de protéine tumorale de wilms hétéroclitique et procédés d'utilisation correspondants | |
WO2018102585A1 (fr) | Immunothérapie personnalisée en association avec une immunothérapie ciblant des mutations de cancer récurrentes | |
EP2155243B1 (fr) | Compositions et procédés comprenant des antigènes klk3, psca ou folh1 | |
WO2018129306A1 (fr) | Souches vaccinales de listeria recombinées et leurs méthodes d'utilisation en immunothérapie anticancéreuse | |
KR20180100443A (ko) | 개인 맞춤형 전달 벡터-기반 면역요법 및 그 사용 | |
WO2018170313A1 (fr) | Procédés et compositions destinés à augmenter l'efficacité de vaccins | |
JP2023025066A (ja) | ワクチン構築物およびブドウ球菌感染症に対するその使用 | |
US20210069314A1 (en) | Compositions and Methods for Treatment of Cancer | |
BE1022553B1 (fr) | Mutants de spy0269 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18822718 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 18822718 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |