WO2019006069A2 - Processus et procédés de traitement d'eau de ballast et d'échappement marin - Google Patents

Processus et procédés de traitement d'eau de ballast et d'échappement marin Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019006069A2
WO2019006069A2 PCT/US2018/039913 US2018039913W WO2019006069A2 WO 2019006069 A2 WO2019006069 A2 WO 2019006069A2 US 2018039913 W US2018039913 W US 2018039913W WO 2019006069 A2 WO2019006069 A2 WO 2019006069A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reaction chamber
gas
seawater
sox
exhaust gas
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PCT/US2018/039913
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English (en)
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WO2019006069A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert Richardson
Original Assignee
Robert Richardson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/637,317 external-priority patent/US10960964B2/en
Priority claimed from US15/637,445 external-priority patent/US9873080B2/en
Priority claimed from US15/876,182 external-priority patent/US10556204B2/en
Application filed by Robert Richardson filed Critical Robert Richardson
Priority to EP18773292.0A priority Critical patent/EP3645468A2/fr
Priority to SG11201913098UA priority patent/SG11201913098UA/en
Publication of WO2019006069A2 publication Critical patent/WO2019006069A2/fr
Publication of WO2019006069A3 publication Critical patent/WO2019006069A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/10—Oxidants
    • B01D2251/108—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/103—Water
    • B01D2252/1035—Sea water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH

Definitions

  • the field of the subject matter is removal of impurities and compounds from marine vessel exhaust, including NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof, and in addition, the field of the subject matter includes control of invasive species in and treatment of ballast water.
  • IMO International Maritime Organization
  • SO2 exhaust sulfur dioxide
  • NOx exhaust oxides of nitrogen
  • ballast water pollution associated with aquatic organisms There are three main areas identified by IMO as being the most destructive to our environment: exhaust sulfur dioxide (SO2), exhaust oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and ballast water pollution associated with aquatic organisms.
  • seawater may be useful method for removing most of the SO2 generated in combustion devices aboard vessels.
  • G. Caiazzo G.Caiazzo - Seawater SO2 scrubbing in a tower for marine applications-Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21 , Napoli 80125, Italy evaluates SO2 removal efficiency base research that compares seawater scrubber residence time, liquid flow rate and SO2 concentration. His findings show a maximum removal efficiency of 93% with a 3.4 second reaction residence time and a liquid to gas ratio of 0.01 to 1 .
  • CA1303822 discloses improved SO2 adsorption by recirculating aqueous stream of sea water containing magnesium hydroxide and magnesium sulfite in a countercurrent packed bed scrubber.
  • WO 1992008541 claims SO2 and NOx abatement in a two-stage process that involves spray of seawater into ducting that precedes the first stage.
  • the first stage apparently bubbles the exhaust gas into a pool of seawater for SO2 abatement.
  • the second stage NOx treatment is done in a packed bed scrubber that adds urea (Nhb ⁇ CO to seawater at ambient temperatures.
  • the patent application does not clearly identify the packing material in the NOx scrubber and there is no mention of a catalyst.
  • EP 3132839 describes a two-stage packed bed scrubber using seawater that has been pH adjusted by the addition of an alkaline material. There is no disclosure of removal efficiency.
  • the concerns include: a) SCR catalyst can be poisoned by sulfur fuels; b) marine engine operating conditions change frequently - at low load conditions the exhaust temperature is too low to effectively utilize the SCR technology; and c) for safety reasons ships are unable to use ammonia and are required to use 40% aqueous urea which has supply and cost considerations.
  • the patent clearly specified the reported technology is only applicable to marine fuels with less than 1 .5% sulfur.
  • nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or new structure via self-assembly or self- organization.
  • This group has less than 20% of the total particulate mass and up to it usually consists of particles ranging between 50 and 150 nm in diameter.
  • This group contains most of the particle mass and lower particle count and comprises agglomerated solid carbon particles together with associated absorbed heavy hydrocarbons as described in the previously mentioned paper by Sippula.
  • ballast water pollution associated with aquatic organisms includes: a) a process that can be stand-alone addressing just exhaust gas or can be included with other abatement technologies such as ballast water treatment, wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and habitable space air treatment, b) serves the marine industry and other industries that utilize or have access to seawater, c) has relatively high removal efficiencies of SOx and sulfur dioxide (SO2), exhaust oxides of nitrogen (NOx), organic compounds, and particulates or particulate matter, as compared with conventional technologies, d) has a relatively low overall operating cost, as compared with conventional technologies; and e) utilizes non- ionic chlorine dioxide (CI02) 0 to accomplish these environmental services in whole or in part, and therefore, reduces equipment cost by cross-utilizing the facilities necessary to generate and regulate the production
  • a ballast water treatment system for producing treated seawater includes: a reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is located within a vessel; an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device; a second inlet for the introduction of seawater, into the reaction chamber; and an outlet from the reaction chamber, wherein the treated seawater is returned to a storage facility within the vessel or is returned to the sea.
  • a method of treating ballast seawater for producing treated seawater includes: providing a reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is located within a vessel; providing an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device; providing a second inlet for the introduction of seawater, into the reaction chamber; providing an outlet from the reaction chamber; and treating the seawater with chlorine dioxide, wherein the treated seawater is returned to a storage facility within the vessel or is returned to the sea.
  • a pretreatment system or apparatus for removing SOx molecules from marine vessel exhaust gas, flue gas or contaminated gas stream includes: a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; a water supply line that supplies a liquid, wherein the line is coupled with the inlet of the reaction chamber; a gas atomization nozzle array that is coupled to the water supply line and the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle array sprays a blanket layer of small liquid droplets, wherein each droplet comprises a diameter, that create a high surface area of liquid across the interior surface of the reaction chamber or creates a mist that can interact with the contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas; a pH sensor coupled to the water supply line; at least one chemical metering pump coupled to the pH sensor and the water supply line, wherein the pump can provide an alkaline material into the water supply line to adjust the pH of the water before it is sprayed into the reaction chamber
  • a pretreatment method or process for removing SOx molecules from marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: providing a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; providing a water supply line that supplies a liquid, wherein the line is coupled with the inlet of the reaction chamber; providing a gas atomization nozzle array that is coupled to the water supply line and the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle array sprays a blanket layer of small liquid droplets, wherein each droplet comprises a diameter, that create a high surface area of liquid across the interior surface of the reaction chamber or creates a mist that can interact with the contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas; providing a pH sensor coupled to the water supply line; providing at least one chemical metering pump coupled to the pH sensor and the water supply line, wherein the pump can provide an alkaline material into the water supply line to adjust the pH of the water before it is sprayed into the
  • a gas stream component abatement or scrubbing system for marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: a pretreatment system having a first end and second end, wherein the second end of the pretreatment reaction chamber is coupled with a first end or an inlet end of a second reaction chamber; and an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated from the first reaction chamber travels from the outlet end of the first reaction chamber to the first end or inlet end of the second reaction chamber.
  • a gas stream component abatement or scrubbing system for marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: a contemplated pretreatment system, wherein the second end of the pretreatment reaction chamber is coupled with a first end or an inlet end of a second reaction chamber; and an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated from the first reaction chamber travels from the outlet end of the first reaction chamber to the first end or inlet end of the second reaction chamber.
  • a gas stream component abatement or scrubbing system for marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: a contemplated pretreatment system, wherein the pretreatment reaction chamber is also utilized for scrubbing NOx, SOx, or a combination thereof; and an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas remains in the reaction chamber for treatment with non- ionic chlorine dioxide.
  • a gas stream component abatement or scrubbing system for marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: a pretreatment system having a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the pretreatment reaction chamber is coupled with a first end or an inlet end of a second reaction chamber; an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated from the pretreatment reaction chamber travels from the outlet end of the pretreatment reaction chamber to the first end or inlet end of the second reaction chamber; and an inlet for a post-treatment chamber that is coupled with the second end of the second reaction chamber, wherein at least one product of the second reaction chamber travels into the inlet of the post- treatment chamber.
  • a gas stream component abatement or scrubbing system for marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: a contemplated pretreatment system, wherein the second end of the pretreatment reaction chamber is coupled with a first end or an inlet end of a second reaction chamber; an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated from the pretreatment reaction chamber travels from the outlet end of the pretreatment reaction chamber to the first end or inlet end of the second reaction chamber; and an inlet for a post-treatment chamber that is coupled with the second end of the second reaction chamber, wherein at least one product of the second reaction chamber travels into the inlet of the post-treatment chamber.
  • a gas stream component abatement or scrubbing system for marine vessel contaminated gas, exhaust gas, or flue gas includes: a contemplated pretreatment system, wherein the pretreatment reaction chamber is also utilized for scrubbing NOx, SOx, or a combination thereof; an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the pretreatment reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas remains in the reaction chamber for treatment with non- ionic chlorine dioxide; and an inlet for the introduction of seawater, potable water with additional metal hydroxides, tainted water with additional metal hydroxides, or pure water with additional metal hydroxides in order to neutralize the mineral acids that are produced reaction chamber.
  • the system includes: a contemplated pretreatment system, wherein the second end of the pretreatment reaction chamber is coupled with a first end or an inlet end of a second reaction chamber; and an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the second reaction chamber, an inlet for introducing at least one sulfur-based component, compound or group of compounds into the second reaction chamber, wherein the second reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated from the first reaction chamber travels from the outlet end of the first reaction chamber to the first end or inlet end of the second reaction chamber.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of an integrated package of a contemplated exhaust gas treatment and ballast water treatment.
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a contemplated process consisting of three modules: exhaust gas SOx pre-treatment in one module, exhaust gas NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment and post gas treatment in a separate module and ballast water treatment in a third module.
  • FIG 3 shows in detail the actual (CIO2) 0 dosing and control methodology for the ballast water module included in the rectangle marked ⁇ " on Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a contemplated process consisting of two modules: exhaust gas SOx pre-treatment, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing and post scrubbing gas treatment are combined in one module, and ballast water treatment in a separate module. Both modules share the same chemical generation system.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of the contemplated process consisting of three modules: exhaust gas SOx pre-treatment is in one module, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing and post scrubbing gas treatment are combined in a second module, and ballast water treatment in a third module. All modules share the same chemical generation system.
  • Figure 6 shows a contemplated instrumentation and control network for the integrated group of modules included in this process.
  • Figure 7 shows an exhaust gas treatment portion of the contemplated process in an expanded view.
  • the exhaust SOx pretreatment is in one module and a second module combines NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing and post scrubbing gas treatment.
  • Figure 8 shows the exhaust gas treatment portion of the contemplated process in an expanded view.
  • the exhaust SOx pretreatment, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing and post scrubbing gas treatment are combined in a single module.
  • Figure 9 shows an example of an integrated package of a contemplated particulate/organic compound treatment, exhaust gas treatment and ballast water treatment.
  • Figures 10A and 10B show examples of a contemplated ballast water treatment process.
  • Figure 10A shows the use of (CIO2) 0 suspended in gas.
  • Figure 10B shows the use of (CIO2) 0 suspended in liquid.
  • Figures 1 1A and 1 1 B show examples in detail of integrated SOx pretreatment module (herein referred to as "SOx PT") and NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment module (herein referred to as "TM”) and post-scrubbing gas polishing chamber.
  • SOx PT integrated SOx pretreatment module
  • TM treatment module
  • Figure 1 1 A shows the SOx PT as a separate unit and the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof TM combined with the PSGPC in a single module.
  • Figure 1 1 B shows all three functions combined into a single module.
  • Figure 12 shows an example of the particulate and organic compound treatment module (herein referred to as "P&OTM").
  • Figure 13 shows a contemplated instrumentation and control network for the integrated group of modules included in contemplated processes.
  • Figure 14 shows contemplated separation/evaporation technology for nitrogen compound and commercially viable product separation from post scrubber processes.
  • Figure 15 show examples of contemplated nitrogen removal systems.
  • Contemplated embodiments include a series of methods, systems, and processes that utilize non-ionic gas phase chlorine dioxide (CIO2) 0 and other compounds and components to remove nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, organic compounds that are suspended in gas and agglomerated on objects (OC's) and particulate and particulate matter from combustion exhaust gas and exhaust system components and abate biological organisms in marine ballast water.
  • CIO2 non-ionic gas phase chlorine dioxide
  • OC's non-ionic gas phase chlorine dioxide
  • contemplated systems and processes for treating exhaust gas and ballast water can be accomplished in a module or a combination of modules that can share a common source of chlorine dioxide input or generation.
  • a SOx pre-treatment scrubber module overcomes limitations found in other patented and published SO2 or SOx scrubbers. Cost and space savings are also realized by integrating and utilizing contemplated embodiments because the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof removal/abatement, along with the ballast seawater treatment, can utilize the same chemical constituents and can take place in the same process reactor/process reactor system.
  • ballast seawater treatment which include:
  • a contemplated ballast water treatment system can treat seawater and return it to storage within the vessel or send treated water back to the sea.
  • This system can be sized to treat the seawater as it is leaving the ship without prior treatment, while the seawater is aboard or treat the seawater that is within the ship and add any additional treatment to the water, as the seawater leaves the ship.
  • This system is not involved with pumping the seawater into the ship or filtering the water prior to storage as ballast water.
  • the automated control and sensor system for the ballast water treatment system is part of the overall contemplated control system. This provides the vessels crew with the ability to determine the concentration of (CIO2) 0 desired in the ballast water and verify that the desired concentration is present.
  • the ballast water treatment system depicted in Figure 3 utilizes the same (CIO2) 0 generator that supplies gas phase (CIO2) 0 to the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof abatement technology, which saves space on the ship or vessel.
  • the generator can be sized to do both tasks at the same time or to just handle one at a time.
  • a contemplated system utilizes an infrared detector that determines (CIO2) 0 concentration via unique optical absorption characteristics. This choice of technology avoids the measurement confusion and problems associated with the use of oxidation-reduction potential or "ORP" for determination of (CIO2) 0 concentration.
  • ORP by its very design measures the oxidation and reduction of any compounds in the liquid being tested, which leads to confusion in complicated solutions like seawater with many ions that can influence an ORP reading.
  • a contemplated system automatically measures and adjusts the seawater pH to a predetermined set point that is compliant with IMO regulations and other regulations.
  • the pH adjustment system can be sized to treat the seawater as it is being returned to the ocean without prior adjustment while onboard the vessel or a smaller version of the technology can pretreat the seawater pH while being held on the vessel and make minor adjustments as the seawater is discharged to the sea.
  • the term "chamber" means a contained reaction environment with an access point near one end for the introduction of exhaust gas, a volume of any shape for the containment of chemical and physical transformations to the exhaust gas, a discharge point for the treated exhaust gas that is at or near the opposite end of the chamber, various connection points for the introduction of other chemicals in gas or liquid phase, drains for liquid waste products and physical devices within the volume for mixing and other physical change to the reaction mixture.
  • a chamber can contain a single process or contain two or more processes that occur in sequence as the exhaust gas moves from one end of the chamber to the other.
  • module means a physically distinct vessel that is connected in series or in parallel with other modules to create the combined treatment process.
  • Each module is unique in its combination of chambers or reaction chambers. Some have just one chamber that facilitates a single process, some have a single chamber that provide a series of processes, and some include a series of chambers each facilitating one or more processes.
  • the Examples section conveys some of the possible combinations of features, but it should be understood that these examples are not limiting and one of ordinary skill in the art should understand how these modules and chambers can be utilized alone or in combination.
  • Each contemplated process will be described separately, in order to establish a baseline understanding of each one, and then the combination of those processes and their advantages will be disclosed for reference purposes.
  • SOx molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas includes: a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; a water supply line that supplies a liquid, wherein the line is coupled with the inlet of the reaction chamber; a gas atomization nozzle array that is coupled to the water supply line and the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle array sprays a blanket layer of small liquid droplets that create a high surface area of liquid across the interior surface of the reaction chamber or creates a mist that can interact with the gas, exhaust or flue gas; a pH sensor coupled to the water supply line; at least one chemical metering pump coupled to the pH sensor and the water supply line, wherein the pump can provide an alkaline material into the water supply line to adjust the pH of the water before it is sprayed into the reaction chamber; and a drain coupled to the reaction chamber that removes liquid that accumulates in the reaction chamber, wherein the system or apparatus removes
  • a pretreatment method or process for removing SOx molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas includes: providing a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; providing a water supply line that supplies a liquid, wherein the line is coupled with the inlet of the reaction chamber; providing a gas atomization nozzle array that is coupled to the water supply line and the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle array sprays a blanket layer of small liquid droplets that create a high surface area of liquid across the interior surface of the reaction chamber or creates a mist that can interact with the gas, exhaust or flue gas; providing a pH sensor coupled to the water supply line; providing at least one chemical metering pump coupled to the pH sensor and the water supply line, wherein the pump can provide an alkaline material into the water supply line to adjust the pH of the water before it is sprayed into the reaction chamber; and providing a drain coupled to the reaction chamber that removes liquid that
  • SOx molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas includes: a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; a seawater supply line that supplies seawater; an exhaust or flue gas supply line that supplies an exhaust gas or a flue gas, wherein the line is coupled with the inlet of the reaction chamber; a gas atomization nozzle array that is coupled to the seawater supply line and the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle array sprays a blanket layer of small liquid droplets that create a high surface area of seawater across the interior surface of the reaction chamber or creates a mist that can interact with the gas, exhaust or flue gas; a pH sensor coupled to the seawater supply line; at least one chemical metering pump coupled to the pH sensor and the seawater supply line, wherein the pump can provide an alkaline material into the seawater supply line to adjust the pH of the seawater before it is sprayed into the reaction chamber; and a
  • a pretreatment method or process for removing SOx molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas includes: providing a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; providing a seawater supply line that supplies seawater; providing an exhaust or flue gas supply line that supplies an exhaust gas or a flue gas, wherein the line is coupled with the inlet of the reaction chamber; providing a gas atomization nozzle array that is coupled to the seawater supply line and the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle array sprays a blanket layer of small liquid droplets that create a high surface area of seawater across the interior surface of the reaction chamber or creates a mist that can interact with the gas, exhaust or flue gas; providing a pH sensor coupled to the seawater supply line; providing at least one chemical metering pump coupled to the pH sensor and the water supply line, wherein the pump can provide an alkaline material into the water supply line to adjust the pH of the water before it
  • the "water supply line” may provide any type of water, including seawater, pure water, potable water, or tainted water.
  • metal hydroxides, carbonates, biocarbonates, ammonia, or a combination thereof - herein referred to as "alkali materials” may be added to the water.
  • the "seawater supply line” provides seawater alone or with additional materials, as described herein.
  • small diameter liquid droplets refers to droplets that are less than or equal to about 30 microns in mean diameter. In some embodiments, small droplets refer to droplets that are less than or equal to about 25 microns in mean diameter. In other embodiments, small droplets refer to droplets that are less than or equal to about 20 microns in mean diameter. In yet other embodiments, small droplets refer to droplets that are less than or equal to about 10 microns in mean diameter. It should be understood that these contemplated small diameter liquid droplets also have a higher surface area when combined with other small diameter liquid droplets, as compared with a combination of larger diameter liquid droplets.
  • the droplets may be formed by gas atomizing nozzles or non-gas atomizing nozzles, depending on the application needed at the time.
  • atomizing nozzles may comprise one of the two different process forms: externally mixed gas/liquid atomizing nozzles or internally mixed gas/liquid nozzles.
  • the BETE XAPF is an example of a gas atomizing flat fan internal gas liquid mixing nozzle.
  • the BETE XAER is an example of a gas atomizing round spray external mix nozzle.
  • contemplated atomizing nozzles may be of a gas-type or a hydraulic-type atomizing nozzle.
  • NOx/SOx process and NOx/SOx treatment module are used interchangeably and denote the treatment of a gas stream, exhaust gas, flue gas, or any other contaminated gas stream, wherein any of these gas streams are contaminated with at least one NOx compound, SOx compound, organic compound, particulate, particulate matter, or a combination thereof.
  • NOx and NOx/SOx based function well to also reduce or remove organic compounds, particulates, and/or particulate matter.
  • a NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulate matter or a combination thereof abatement or scrubbing process, system, or method for marine vessel flue gas, herein referred to as the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process is disclosed, which may occur by itself in a chamber or be combined with the previously described pretreatment SOx process in a single chamber.
  • the second end of the pretreatment system reaction chamber is coupled with a first end of the chamber containing the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process.
  • a NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof comprises an abatement or scrubbing process, system or method for NOx, SOx, or a combination thereof in marine vessel flue gas or other gas.
  • Contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof TM process may occur or be activated by itself in a chamber or be combined with the previously described SOx pretreatment module (SOx PT) in a single chamber. When integrated the treatment module process does not include a separate SOx pretreatment module.
  • the gas inlet at or near the first end of the combined process chamber is connected to the exhaust gas stream.
  • the chamber or portion of the chamber used for the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process there is an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the portion of the reaction chamber used for the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction.
  • the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof portion of a reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated is drawn through the length of the reaction chamber by lower differential pressure at the discharge or second end of the chamber used for NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof than the inlet or first end of that same reaction chamber.
  • the gas inlet at or near the first end of the combined process is connected to the exhaust gas stream.
  • the chamber or portion of the module used for the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process comprises an inlet for introducing (CIO2) 0 into the portion of the reaction chamber used for the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction.
  • the device used to introduce the (CIO2) 0 into the gas stream can be a Venturi device or other device that by design and function will draw the (CIO2) 0 into the exhaust gas or other gas stream.
  • the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment module can also be combined with post treatment processes in a number of embodiments.
  • the SOx pretreatment process, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process and post treatment processes may be combined in a number of embodiments with other pretreatment NOx abatement processes such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) described in prior art.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • a contemplated marine NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment module or system comprises an apparatus or system for removing NOx and or SOx or a combination of both molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas, or gas from another source and is the best treatment method for exhaust produced from combustion of C4 or longer hydrocarbon fuels, is disclosed that includes two reaction chambers in series: a first reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the module and first chamber, and a gas outlet at or near the middle of the module a second end of the first chamber; an inlet for introducing (CIO2) 0 into the reaction chamber at a point near the first opening, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices downstream of the inlet for (CIO2) 0 configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated is mixed with (CIO2)
  • the second reaction chamber in the module begins on the downstream side of the air/water separator or other device as required depending on the orientation of the module, and continues to the second end of the reaction chamber and overall module; wherein the second reaction chamber comprises an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber; an inlet for introducing a compound(s) with ability to convert NO2 into salts or other compounds while avoiding reactions with organic compounds in the gas stream.
  • the compound(s) are introduced as a spray to the second reaction chamber at a point near the first opening, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices downstream of the inlet for compounds and are configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated is mixed with chemical(s) and allowed sufficient residence time to react with the NO 2 before the gas leaves the second reaction chamber through an opening at or near the other end.
  • Another contemplated marine NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment module can be combined with a SOx pretreatment module, such as those already disclosed, creating a two- module scrubbing system for marine vessel flue gas that comprises: a contemplated SOx pretreatment module wherein the second end of the SOx reaction chamber described above is coupled with a first end or an inlet end of a NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment module.
  • Yet another contemplated embodiment of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment module is used on gasses that are generated by combustion of fuels with 3 or less carbon chains or other sources that are devoid or organic residue in percent concentrations. This process utilizes the same hardware configuration described above; only the chemistry in the second chamber is different.
  • One process chemistry available in the second reaction chamber is the introduction of seawater, potable water or wastewater with or without additional metal hydroxides, as spray, mist or bubbled liquid layer in order to neutralize the mineral acids that are produced reaction chamber.
  • the second chamber also includes a drain for discharge of water introduced into the chamber.
  • a second process chemistry is available in the second reaction chamber, wherein chemicals that react with the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction byproducts are introduced into the system to produce commercially viable compounds.
  • reaction byproducts are introduced into the system to produce commercially viable compounds.
  • a high temperature particulate and organic compound treatment module or system comprises two variations of an apparatus or system for removing particulate and/or organic compounds or a combination of both molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas, or gas at temperatures above 65°C from another source.
  • the apparatus includes: a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; an inlet for introducing (CIO2) 0 suspended in liquid, into the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more adsorbers or other surfaces to capture agglomerated organic compounds or soot, in some embodiments, and wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated is mixed with refrigerated aerosol containing suspended (CIO2) 0 .
  • the refrigerated aerosol is introduced into the exhaust gas mixture through a lance that maintains the suspended (CIO2) 0 liquid below 32°C until it is release in mean droplet diameters calculated to maintain greater than 40% of their mass despite losses to evaporation in time of flight between the nozzle and the adsorber plate within the reaction chamber.
  • the apparatus includes: a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; an inlet for introducing (CIO2) 0 suspended in liquid wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated is mixed with refrigerated liquid with suspended (CIO2) 0 is introduced into the exhaust gas mixture through a lance that maintains the suspended (CIO2) 0 liquid below 32°C until it is released in mean droplet designed to evaporate within the volume of the reaction chamber.
  • a reaction chamber comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber
  • an inlet for introducing (CIO2) 0 suspended in liquid wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated is mixed with refrigerated liquid with suspended (CIO2) 0 is introduced into the exhaust gas mixture through a lance that maintains the suspended (CIO2) 0 liquid below 32°C until it is released in
  • the design and placement of the wand that introduces the (CIO2) 0 into the reaction chamber is important, and in some instances and embodiments critical, to the effective application of both variations of this the technology.
  • the process control provided with this module senses exhaust gas temperature and velocity then regulates the pressure and temperature of the (CIO2) 0 introduced into the reaction chamber to treat organic compounds and particulate through nozzles of specific orifice and configuration in a way that delivers liquid droplets of the precise diameter and temperature necessary to traverse the distance between the nozzle and the adsorber surface before the (CIO2) 0 reaches a decomposition temperature.
  • a low temperature particulate and organic compound treatment module or system comprises two variations of an apparatus or system for removing particulate and or organic compounds or a combination of both molecules from marine vessel exhaust or flue gas, or gas at temperatures below 65°C from another source.
  • the apparatus includes: a reaction chamber, comprising an interior area, a gas inlet at or near a first end of the chamber, and a gas outlet at or near a second end of the chamber; an inlet for introducing (CIO2) 0 suspended in liquid, into the reaction chamber wherein the (CIO2) 0 suspended in liquid is sprayed through a wand that creates an aerosol within the exhaust gas stream.
  • the reaction chamber has sufficient volume to allow complete evaporation of the aerosol droplets.
  • post-treatment processes, methods, and systems that are disclosed herein and that are activated or undertaken in the post-treatment reaction chamber or post-treatment modules, which includes, but is not limited to, an acid neutralization post-treatment process, a sodium nitrate/nitrate production post-treatment process, an ammonium sulfate production post-treatment process, and/or an ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride production post-treatment process.
  • a contemplated acid neutralization post-treatment process neutralizes acids made in the SOx pretreatment and NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment processes by combining them with seawater, pure water, potable water, or brackish waters, sometimes in combination with additional metal hydroxides, to neutralize the mineral acids by converting them into salts.
  • seawater has advantages over other waters in this application because of the inherent pH buffering associated with this particular liquid.
  • the use of seawater alone is sufficient to neutralize the mineral acids generated in the SOx pretreatment and NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment processes.
  • the neutralization reactions may occur according to the following equations:
  • the post-treatment process can occur in a reaction chamber affixed or coupled to the effluent, second, or outlet end of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment chamber/module, wherein the exhaust gas or gas to be treated leaving the second end of the chamber used for NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof abatement immediately enters the first opening at or near the beginning of the chamber used for post- treatment.
  • the post-treatment process chamber can also be a completely independent vessel.
  • the exhaust gas or gas to be treated can be pulled through the post treatment chamber or series of chambers by a lower pressure at the discharge end of the post-treatment chamber(s) than at the inlet end of the post treatment chamber(s). This process of using differential pressures also aids in moving exhaust gas or gas to be treated through the pre-treatment phase, through the treatment phase, and also through the post-treatment phase, as disclosed herein.
  • the post-treatment chamber or module also includes one or more tubes or lines for the introduction of water having a pH adjustment by the addition of alkaline material or any other suitable chemical or chemicals that may be required or desirable to bring about a desired or necessary reaction.
  • This water is used for production of a blanket of low diameter droplets that covers, in some embodiments, a majority of the surface, and in some instances, the full interior surface, of the reaction chamber by a nozzle or nozzles.
  • the gas/exhaust that is passing through the reaction chamber or module is exposed or comes into contact with at least one layer of mist generated by a nozzle or nozzles.
  • a nozzle or nozzles there may be cases where a small portion of the interior is not “blanketed" by droplets, because of the type of nozzle used or the interior shape of the chamber. In those instances, the process will still function very well. This also applies to the pre-treatment and treatment stages.
  • the chamber may also include one or more turbulence inducing devices, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device.
  • the nitrogen from the NOx in the exhaust gas is converted into sodium nitrite/nitrate in a post-treatment process that occurs in a module or modules of the same basic design described for the acid neutralization post-treatment process. But they differ from one another in the chemistry or chemicals added to the chamber through the nozzle(s).
  • This post-treatment process minimizes the nitrogen loading added to wastewater and maintains compliance with marine I MO and other regulatory compliance requirements for nitrogen compound discharge.
  • Another advantage of using this embodiment is a savings in precursor chemicals necessary to generate (CI02) 0 .
  • This process only requires the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process to convert enough NO into NO2 (pursuant to equation 2) to generate a 50/50 ratio of NO/NO2 in the exhaust gas stream rather than treating all of the NO and NO2, according to equations 2 and 3.
  • the 50/50 NO/NO2 exhaust gas mix is introduced into the first end of post-treatment chamber, wherein sodium hydroxide or other metal hydroxides - plus a process promoter of specific type described in Table 1 in quantities of between 5 and 10% of the volume of metal hydroxide - are added.
  • Equation 9 The equation for this process is shown in Equation 9.
  • the molecules associated with the placeholder (**) are shown in Table 1 : 2 NaOH + N0 2 + NO + (**) ⁇ 2 NaN0 2 + H 2 0 [9]
  • the sodium nitrite/nitrate is captured from the wastewater through evaporation or precipitation as shown in Figure 14 before the effluent is discharged into the sea or other body of water or liquid.
  • ammonium sulfate production post-treatment process occurs in a module or modules of the same design described for the acid neutralization post-treatment process. But, they differ from one another in the chemistry or chemicals added to the chamber through the nozzle(s).
  • This post- treatment requires the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process to convert not less than half of the NO in the NOx exhaust gas stream into NO2.
  • the treated exhaust gas is introduced into the first end of post-treatment chamber, wherein ammonium sulfite is added through nozzles to react with the exhaust gas mixture, thereafter producing ammonium sulfate.
  • an ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride production post-treatment process occurs in a module or modules of the same design described for the acid neutralization post-treatment process. But, they differ from one another in the chemistry or chemicals added to the chamber through the nozzle(s).
  • This post-treatment requires the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process to convert not less than about 98% of the NO in the NOx exhaust gas stream into NO2 in accordance with equation 2 and note less than about 98% of the NO2 in the gas stream to HNO3 and HCI in accordance with equation 3.
  • the treated exhaust gas is introduced into the first end of post-treatment chamber, wherein ammonia is added through nozzles to react with the exhaust gas mixture, thereafter producing ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride.
  • N02 is removed from the exhaust gas stream when it reacts with any inorganic and organic sulfur-containing compounds, hydroxides, urea, amine compounds and derivatives thereof at high conversion efficiency into organic and inorganic containing sulfates, nitrates and other stable by-products.
  • ballast water treatment process is independent of the exhaust gas treatment in most embodiments, other than the fact that the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment and the ballast water treatment systems both utilize gas phase chlorine dioxide that can be generated in one location.
  • contemplated apparatus and methods can treat ballast water and return it to storage within the vessel or send the treated water back to the sea.
  • a contemplated system can be sized to treat the seawater as it is leaving the ship without prior treatment, while the seawater is aboard or treat the seawater that is within the ship. Additional treatment can be added to the seawater as it leaves the ship.
  • Chlorine dioxide is capable of existing in three ionic states. Table 2 provides the lUPAC names for them and describes their ionic characteristics. Again, this distinction is made because the ionic form of this CIO2 molecule has mistakenly been called “chlorine dioxide” and that ionic form of CIO2 will not achieve the results described herein because that molecule has dramatically different chemical characteristics than the non-ionic form of CIO2 or as referred to herein, (CIO2) 0 .
  • the (CIO2) 0 is the molecule responsible for chemical reactions with NOx, SO2 and SOx, OC's and ballast water treatments for marine vessels described herein.
  • Contemplated embodiments can eradicate most planktonic and bacterial organisms from seawater used as ballast in vessels.
  • This technology utilizes (CIO2) 0 suspended in water that is made on an as needed basis aboard the vessel.
  • the (CIO2) 0 is a selective biocide that is applied more often in industry and municipal water treatment applications, because of the fact that is has less damaging effects to the environment and human health than chlorine. It does not form hydrochlorous acids in water; it is also a more reactive biocide at seawater pH ranges.
  • Automated control and sensor systems for the ballast water treatment system are a part of the contemplated systems. These control and sensor systems provide the crew with the ability to determine the concentration of chlorine dioxide desired in the ballast water and verify that the desired concentration is present.
  • the ballast water treatment system uses the same chlorine dioxide generator system as the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, and particulate matter abatement systems, which means that this entire system can be compact and efficient.
  • a ballast water treatment system for producing treated seawater includes: a reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is located within a vessel; an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device; a second inlet for the introduction of seawater, into the reaction chamber; and an outlet from the reaction chamber, wherein the treated seawater is returned to a storage facility within the vessel or is returned to the sea.
  • at least one additional treatment component can be provided into the system, such as at least one alkaline material, at least one pH adjustment component, or other components, as needed.
  • contemplated ballast seawater systems may comprise an automated control and sensor system. These control and sensor systems are designed to monitor and control the concentration of chlorine dioxide, at least one additional treatment component, or a combination thereof.
  • a contemplated control and sensor system is operatively coupled with an infrared detector. In these embodiments, a contemplated infrared detector is utilized to measure the chlorine dioxide concentration in the reaction chamber.
  • the automated control and sensor system measures the pH of the seawater. In some embodiments, this same system can measure and adjust the pH of the seawater. The pH of the seawater may be measured and adjusted when the seawater is in the reaction chamber. In other embodiments, the pH of the seawater may be measured and adjusted after the seawater exits the reaction chamber.
  • a method of treating ballast seawater for producing treated seawater includes: providing a reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is located within a vessel; providing an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices configured for inducing turbulence, wherein the turbulence inducing device is a stationary device; providing a second inlet for the introduction of seawater, into the reaction chamber; providing an outlet from the reaction chamber; and treating the seawater with chlorine dioxide, wherein the treated seawater is returned to a storage facility within the vessel or is returned to the sea.
  • contemplated embodiments provide several advantages in marine applications over other available and conventional technologies for exhaust gas treatment, wherein the exhaust gas may include NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulate matter, or a combination thereof; and ballast water treatment, including: a) saving space and cost, because contemplated embodiments utilize the same chemical generation equipment for the core aspects of all seven processes; b) contemplated embodiments provide 100% backup for NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulate matter, or a combination thereof abatement when integrated with SCR or other NOx abatement technology, wherein contemplated embodiments provide this backup with only a fraction of the space or cost required for any other 100% backup technologies; c) contemplated embodiments are very adaptable, in that they can operate as a stand-alone system or as an integrated package with other abatement technologies, embodiments can be separated into autonomous separate modules when just one or more of the contemplated systems are required for a specific project requirement; and d) contemplated embodiments will continually meet future emission compliance requirements without an equipment upgrade.
  • reactor and generator modules can be provided alone to solve compliance challenges for a vessel with under-performing abatement equipment, when the vessel is required to meet more stringent international I MO or national emission requirements for NOx and SO2.
  • the nitrogen reducing module embodiment can be added if required to meet nitrogen emissions.
  • contemplated abatement systems are capable of meeting changing NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof removal efficiency requirements by merely revising a removal efficiency set-point.
  • the initially supplied reaction vessel and generator are adaptable and cost effective, because they only generate (CIO2) 0 on an as needed basis. This "as needed" feature eliminates ongoing wasted chemical costs and the extra upfront equipment cost associated with the purchase of extra capacity in a conventional scrubber.
  • a NOx, SOx, or a combination thereof abatement or scrubbing process for marine vessel flue gas, can be accomplished in a single- chambered module as described generally earlier.
  • a contemplated process is included in this example.
  • Exhaust gas is drawn into the first end of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber and continues to move through the chamber to the second end of the chamber.
  • the (CIO2) 0 as gas, mist, or droplets is drawn or pushed into a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber at a point downstream of the first end of the chamber.
  • the exhaust gas and (CI0 2 )° are drawn into and through the reaction chamber by the lower exhaust gas pressure at the second end of the chamber, as compared to the first end of the chamber.
  • the (CIO2) 0 and exhaust gas are pulled through a static mixer or mixers of any conventional design.
  • the static mixers can be placed immediately downstream of the point where the (CIO2) 0 is added.
  • the static mixers are place sufficiently downstream of the point where the (CIO2) 0 is introduced to allow the mist or droplets to evaporate. The mixed gases continue down the length of the reaction chamber while the NOx and SO2 abatement reactions described in equations [2], [3] and [4] occur.
  • NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof abatement process occurs in a module with two chambers.
  • the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof abatement occurs in the first of two chambers to receive exhaust gas.
  • the second chamber within the module conditions the exhaust gas after NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing.
  • Treated exhaust gas is drawn through both chambers from the first opening at near one end of the first chamber to the other end of the first chamber and through an opening at or near the other end of the first chamber wherein the exhaust gas and entrained chemicals are pulled into the first end of the second chamber through an opening, then pulled through the chamber to the other end of the second chamber where the exhaust gas and entrained chemicals leave the second chamber through an opening.
  • the exhaust gas and entrained chemicals are pulled into and through both chambers by a differential pressure between the first end of the first chamber and the second end of the second chamber.
  • (CIO2) 0 gas is drawn into the contemplated and disclosed NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber through a duct or pipe at a point that is downstream of the first end of the first chamber.
  • the pipe is configured in a pattern that facilitates uniform distribution of the (CIO2) 0 gas across the surface of the reaction chamber.
  • (CIO2) 0 laden gas is pulled through holes in the pipe that is configured into a pattern within the reaction chamber.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a contemplated process integrated with a NOx SCR scrubber (1 -C).
  • the integrated technology package provides a very cost effective way to exceed IMO's 2020 requirements for NOx and SO2 emissions.
  • the contemplated seawater scrubber (1 -1) removes up to 93% of the SOx and a contemplated NOx/SOx scrubber (1 -J) completes the NOx and SOx removal to greater than 99.5%.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof system (1 -J) is also capable of treating all of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof in the event the SCR or seawater scrubber are nonoperational.
  • a contemplated ballast water treatment system (1 -P) also meets IMO ballast water treatment requirements with (CIO2) 0 dosing.
  • the exhaust gas flows through ducting represented by solid black lines. Arrows indicate the direction of gas flow.
  • the combustion source exhaust is treated in the NOx SCR scrubber (1 -C) first because this process requires high gas temperatures. With a majority of the NOx removed, the hot exhaust gas is cooled in a heat exchanger (1 -F). The heat is transferred from the exhaust gas into water or another gas. This hot water can be used for many applications including reheating the exhaust gas after the final scrubbing stage if there is a desire to reduce the white plume associated with the clean moist exhaust gas.
  • the majority of the SOx is removed from the cooled exhaust gas in the contemplated seawater pre-scrubber (1 -1). It should be understood that this example utilizes seawater, but other types of water can be utilized, as disclosed earlier.
  • This particular seawater SOx scrubber which includes effectively scrubbing SO2, can be the technology associated with the contemplated process or the technology from another source.
  • the cool exhaust gas enters the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber (1 -J). This scrubbing stage removes in excess of 99.5% of the remaining SOx and NOx in the gas stream.
  • a contemplated process makes automatic performance adjustments based on data it receives from analytical sensors (1 -R) (and others not shown) monitoring the treated exhaust gas stream and other variables. See Figure 6 for additional details on the control system.
  • This contemplated feature when combined with the pre-treatment modules for NOx (1 -C) and pre-treatment module for SOx (1 -1) provides 100% backup capability for the integrated system.
  • An exhaust fan (1 -Q) provides the motive force necessary to overcome any static pressure generated in the scrubbing sequence or exhaust muffler (1 -S).
  • Ballast water is treated to meet ISO compliance using module (1 -P).
  • the ballast water flows in and out of the treatment systems as shown with arrows (1 - U) and (1 -V). Additional descriptions for Figure 1 is shown in Table 3.
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a combination of three contemplated process (SOx pre-scrubber module, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof module and ballast water treatment module) in a standalone operating mode.
  • This is configuration does not include an SCR scrubber and therefore has a dramatically lower equipment cost.
  • This standalone configuration is cost effective for large vessels with intermittent use and yachts.
  • Figure 2 provides more detail on this contemplated exhaust gas treatment process by revealing the internal components of the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reactor (2-Q) and the proprietary and contemplated seawater pre- treatment scrubber reaction chamber (2-M).
  • the reaction chambers are depicted as cylindrical, but the patent includes other vessel shapes.
  • the reaction chamber is depicted as being vertical, but it functions in any orientation when the alternative tangential side entry (2-AD) shown in Figure 2 is used.
  • a key for Figure 2 is found in Table 4.
  • ballast water pumped into the ballast water treatment device
  • AC pH probe connected via contemplated sensor and control array (not shown) to chemical metering pump (AA) for addition of caustic material (AA) as required to maintain pH set point
  • the exhaust gas flows between the double solid black lines.
  • the double lines represent ducting.
  • the diagram begins where exhaust gas is ready to enter the heat exchanger (2-L). For clarity, the heat exchanger's cold/hot liquid or gas flow is omitted. The cooled exhaust gas then travels to the seawater pre-scrubber reaction chamber (2-M) where the majority of the SOx is removed.
  • This diagram depicts the unique features claimed in this patent for a seawater scrubber. The process design also applies to potable water, pure water and brackish water.
  • the exhaust gas enters seawater SOx pre-treatment scrubber vessel bottom (2-M) or it tangentially enters the vessel side wall (See insert in Figure #2) that shows a detail of the alternate reaction chamber (2-M) gas inlet.
  • the gas is pulled upward by an exhaust gas fan (not shown) on the suction side of the scrubber train.
  • an exhaust gas fan not shown
  • the gas move toward the center of the reaction chamber (2-M) it mixes with fine mist from gas atomizing and/or hydraulically atomizing nozzles (2-P).
  • the nozzles are oriented in a way that produces multiple layers of fine mist covering the entire diameter of the reaction vessel.
  • the exhaust gas stream is mixed with small diameter and high surface area water droplets.
  • the high surface area of the small droplets improves SOx removal efficiency by enhancing mass transfer between the exhaust gas and liquid seawater, or other waters. This allows the contemplated seawater SOx scrubber to be physically smaller than conventional seawater scrubbers.
  • exhaust gas enters the reaction vessel tangentially as shown in the detail of Figure 2
  • exhaust gas swirls around the circumference of the reaction vessel as it progresses from one end of the vessel to the other. This swirling action increases SOx removal efficiency by increasing gas/liquid mixing.
  • Another attribute of the tangential gas entry is the freedom to orient the reaction vessel in any direction.
  • a contemplated seawater SOx pre-treatment scrubber is relatively light. There is no water or packing weight so it can be supported with minimal structural support. The small size and light weight and ability to be oriented in any direction reduce retrofit costs and challenges.
  • FIG. 2 shows a contemplated seawater SOx pre-treatment scrubber (2- M) as cylindrical but this is only an example. There is no limitation to or on vessel geometry.
  • the exhaust gas enters one end of the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubber vessel (2-Q).
  • This vessel and the supporting (CIO2) 0 generator (1 -N)(2- H) are uniquely designed to cost effectively treat just remaining NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof not treated in the preceding SCR NOx scrubber (1 -C) and seawater pre-scrubber (1 -1) (2-M) or it can handle the entire load from either of them in the event there is an equipment failure.
  • Figures 1 and 2 depicts this NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof vessel (1 -J)(2-Q) in a vertical orientation, but in practice it and the SOx pre-scrubber (1 -I)(2-M) can be oriented in any direction. There is no need for the air-water separators (2-N) at the entrance end of the contemplated reaction vessels (2-M) and (2-Q) when the vessel is oriented in any direction other than vertical as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubber is relatively light. Once again there is no water or packing or catalyst weight so it can be supported with minimal structural support.
  • the vessel is also smaller in size than an SCR or packed bed scrubber designed to treat a comparable gas flow and contaminant NOx load.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubber's light weight and ability to be oriented in any direction reduces retrofit costs and challenges.
  • the exhaust gas is drawn into a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment reaction vessel by an exhaust fan (not shown).
  • the entire vessel and all other vessels and ducts that are a part of the scrubber train are maintained at a net negative pressure when compared to the ambient atmospheric pressure, which provides several advantages. First, it prevents any partially treated exhaust gas from leaking out of the treatment train. Second, it provides process safety by pulling the (CIO2) 0 from the generator (2-H) into the contemplated reaction vessel (2-M). Third, this provides process safety by eliminating backpressure on the combustion device.
  • Contemplated instrumentation and process control array maintains the scrubber train negative pressure (and other variables) despite pressure fluctuations caused by damper position changes in complicated scrubbing systems designed to treat exhaust gas from multiple combustion sources.
  • a contemplated sensor and control array includes differential pressure sensor(s) that provide data used to regulate the exhaust fan speed as required to maintain a negative pressure set point or trigger an alarm if the negative pressure cannot be maintained.
  • a contemplated control system is shown in Figure 5 and Table 7.
  • the (CIO2) 0 gas is drawn into the contemplated and disclosed NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber (2-Q) down stream of and near the point that the exhaust gas is introduced into the chamber (2-Q). Then immediately downstream of the point (CIO2) 0 and exhaust gas are introduced the gases are pulled through a static mixer of any conventional design. After mixing, the gases continue down the length of the reaction chamber (2-Q) while the NOx and SO2 abatement reactions described in equations [2], [3] and [4] occur.
  • Equation [4] and [5] are faster than equation [2]
  • equation [2] is faster than equation [3].
  • Figure 1 shows the synergistic value of combining three or more technologies in a way that delivers economic and performance benefits that are greater than the sum of the benefits available from the individual technologies.
  • the pre-treatment SCR technology removes the bulk of the NOx more cost effectively than the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process but the SCR is unable to reach the removal efficiencies available through the use of contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof processes and apparatus.
  • the pre-treatment seawater SOx scrubber removes these compounds at a lower operating cost but is unable to reach the high removal efficiency provided by the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process.
  • the combined technologies provide the most cost effective 100% backup protection for the vessel or land-based industry.
  • the combined technology also requires with far less space than other imaginable 100% redundant options.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber (2-Q) is smaller than any other technology for use for the disclosed purposes known at this time including SCR and wet scrubbing, because:
  • Contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reactions have the propensity to be gas phase reaction that only requires the (CIO2) 0 to meet/contact the NOx molecule. It does not require a catalyst that is necessary in the SCR technology.
  • the SCR technology requires a larger area and volume than contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof processes, because the SCR reaction requires three molecules to meet at the same time and that is statistically and literally more difficult, because it requires more opportunities for a "meeting" than is necessary in the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process.
  • a NOx molecule In the SCR process, a NOx molecule must simultaneously meet a urea or ammonia molecule at the same time it meets with the catalyst. This random act becomes more difficult as the concentration of NOx diminishes. This is overcome in the SCR process by providing several layers of catalyst. When high removal efficiencies are required there can be four or more layers each requiring space within the SCR reaction chamber. Contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof processes do not need the volume necessary to provide sufficient reaction time for slow liquid phase reactions to occur.
  • Liquid phase/gas phase reaction of the type done in all wet scrubbing systems require more volume than the contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubber because wet scrubbers require time for the NOx molecules in the exhaust gas to penetrate the gas/liquid barrier. This is particularly important when treating NO (NOx from combustion is about 95% NO), because of NO's low solubility in water: 0.0098g/100ml at 0°C.
  • Contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof processes are not poisoned or contaminated by sulfur products found in marine fuel.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process does not have any catalyst to become contaminated or packing to become clogged. This unwanted catalyst poisoning is described in greater detail later.
  • a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof process is not limited to the fast gas phase chemistry described above.
  • the (CIO2) 0 as suspended in a liquid, can be introduced into the contemplated and disclosed reaction chamber (2-Q).
  • the process requires a larger reaction chamber to accommodate the reaction time necessary to evaporate the droplets and/or undergo the gas/liquid mass transfer as described above.
  • the gas phase reactions only necessitate a reaction vessel (2-Q) of sufficient volume to provide 0.5 second residence time.
  • the reaction residence time is increased to as much as 1 .5 seconds when (CIO2) 0 is introduced into the reaction vessel (2-Q) as a liquid.
  • the mixture is ready for a subsequent reaction to produce a commercially viable product from reaction byproducts or the reaction byproducts can be neutralized and discarded as waste that may require further treatment before it is disposed in a responsible way.
  • the second portion of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment/reaction chamber (2-Q) is used to transfer the reaction products into seawater.
  • the seawater or other water used as a medium to capture the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction products may have additional metal hydroxide components or other alkaline components.
  • the wash liquid will receive subsequent neutralization or treatment before being returned to the sea. If space is available, the vessels could be fitted with a recycling program that produced a commercially viable compounds from the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction products.
  • equation [2] is dramatically faster than equation [3] provides an opportunity for great flexibility in the application of contemplated processes, because it allows the (CIO2) 0 mixed with the exhaust gas to selectively react with the NO portion of the NOx present until a desired ratio of NO/NO2 is obtained. This is particularly applicable when contemplated methods and processes are treating NOx generated in a combustion process because that NOx typically contains 90-95% NO.
  • This two-step process reduces the overall operational cost of NOx abatement, because it only requires a minimal amount of (CIO2) 0 necessary to create a 50/50 NO/NO2 balance in the NOx ratio and primarily utilizes less expensive NaOH and reaction promoter to remove the NOx from the gas stream.
  • the secondary process depicted in Figure 2 utilizes seawater, or other types of water, as a solvent for contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction byproducts.
  • This is an optimum solution for a seagoing vessel and land-based facilities near the sea, but this is not the only option.
  • the reaction products could be converted into commercially viable compounds if space and budget allowed.
  • the HCI, HNO 3 and H2S0 4 acids formed in equation [2], [3] and [4] are removed from the exhaust gas stream and partially neutralized by the seawater's alkalinity in an attached secondary mist treatment. Any additional neutralization occurs in the process water reclamation step (2-Z).
  • the second portion of the contemplated reaction chamber (2-Q) contains an air water separator (2-N) when the chamber is mounted vertically. This is not required in horizontal or near horizontal applications. In other applications, this secondary reaction chamber could be used to generate commercially viable products.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the contemplated (CIO2) 0 generator (3-H) providing
  • CIO2 CIO2 0 that has been suspended in water to the ballast water treatment device (3-E).
  • Related literature discloses that CIO2 dosed at 5 ppm concentration into ballast water eradicates most planktonic organisms and bacteria.
  • FIG 3 shows in detail the actual (CIO2) 0 dosing and control methodology included in the rectangle marked ⁇ " on Figure 2.
  • the technology described in this ballast water treatment is intrinsically safe because the process does not proceed unless the seawater pump (3-S) is operating.
  • the (CIO2) 0 is only drawn out of a (CIO2) 0 storage tank (3-P) by vacuum generated in a Venturi (3-N) and that only occurs when pump (3-S) is operating. This prevents over dosing or chemical spills due to siphoning errors or pumping errors that could occur if the (CIO2) 0 was pumped out of the storage tank (3-P).
  • Table 5 shows a series of information related to Figure 3 for reference.
  • Figure 4 shows a contemplated reaction chamber and system for a single stage pretreatment and treatment system.
  • This reaction chamber includes three separate chemical treatments to the exhaust gas. The first removes the majority of the SOx in a pre-treatment (4-M-1 ). The second treatment removes essentially all of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof (40M-2) and the final treatment (4-M-3) removes the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction products from the exhaust gas stream as salts or commercially viable products.
  • Table 6 shows a series of information related to Figure 4 for reference.
  • Z-l pH probe connected via control panel (not shown) to chemical metering pump (X- 1) for addition of metal oxide material (Y) as required to maintain pH set point
  • Z-2 pH probe connected via control panel (not shown) to chemical metering pump (X- 2) for addition of metal oxide (Y) as required to maintain pH set point
  • Figure 5 shows a contemplated three stage treatment occurring in a "two- connected reaction chamber and system" configuration.
  • the first stage SOx pretreatment occurs in the first reaction chamber module (5-M).
  • the second stage NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment and third stage gas cleaning occur in the second module (5-Q).
  • the ballast water treatment module (5-E) is also shown.
  • Table 7 shows a series of information related to Figure 5 for reference.
  • AC pH probe connected via TI P sensor and control array (not shown) to chemical metering pump (AA) for addition of caustic material (AA) as required to maintain pH set point
  • Figure 6 shows a contemplated sensor and automated control configuration or control system for the integrated exhaust and ballast water treatment modules.
  • automated control system means an integrated series of devices that detect and effect changes to specific process conditions through regulation of the function of subordinate equipment states and relay this information via wired and non-wired means to a local or integrated control device.
  • the local control device(s) has the ability to operate autonomously in "local” mode or subordinate process control to an integrated control device when in "automated mode”.
  • the control devices have the ability to effect change in the chemical processes by making changes to the equipment state. For example, by opening and closing valves, dampers rates of motion and turning on or off lights and other indicators of process condition.
  • the integrated control device has the ability to commutate with and effect change in all components of the equipment when subordinate local control devices are operated in automatic mode.
  • the integrated control device also communicates with other control devices aboard the vessel and may have the ability to communicate with technical support services.
  • Table 8 shows a series of information related to Figure 6 for reference.
  • VFD Control - fan speed
  • Figure 7 shows the exhaust gas treatment portion of the contemplated process in an expanded view.
  • the exhaust SOx pretreatment is in one module and a second module combines NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing and post scrubbing gas treatment.
  • Table 8 shows the key components of Figure 7.
  • H-3 Gas conditioning stage removes/converts reaction products from NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing into salts or other compounds.
  • N Nozzle can be hydraulic atomized or hydraulic nozzle.
  • Figure 8 shows the exhaust gas treatment portion of the contemplated process in an expanded view.
  • the exhaust SOx pretreatment, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing and post scrubbing gas treatment are combined in a single module.
  • Table 8 also applies to the key components of Figure 8.
  • Exhaust gas is drawn into the first end of the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber and continues to move through the chamber to the second end of the chamber.
  • the (CIO2) 0 as gas, or suspended in a liquid mist, or droplets is drawn or pushed into a contemplated NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof reaction chamber at a point downstream of the first end of the chamber.
  • the exhaust gas and (CIO2) 0 can be drawn into and through the reaction chamber by the lower exhaust gas pressure at the second end of the chamber, as compared to the first end of the chamber or pulled into the reaction chamber by the vacuum induced through the use of a Venturi or similar device or pushed into the reaction chamber with a blower similar device.
  • the (CIO2) 0 and exhaust gas are pushed or pulled through a static mixer or mixers of any conventional design.
  • the static mixers can be placed immediately downstream of the point where the (CIO2) 0 is added.
  • the static mixers are place sufficiently downstream of the point where the (CIO2) 0 is introduced to allow the mist or droplets to evaporate.
  • the chamber has sufficient volume to provide 0.5 second, 1 .0 seconds, 1 .5 seconds of residence time for a reaction between the (CIO2) 0 and the NOx/SOx/OC's or particulate.
  • the mixed gases continue down the length of the reaction chamber while the NOx and SO2 abatement reactions described in equations [2], [3] and [4] occur.
  • NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof abatement process occurs in a module with two chambers.
  • the NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof abatement occurs in the first of two chambers to receive exhaust gas enters the first opening of the first chamber of the module and then moves through the chamber as described above then exits the second opening at or near the other end of the first chamber wherein it enters the first opening of the second chamber inn the module.
  • the second chamber within the module provides post treatment conditioning to the exhaust gas after NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof scrubbing.
  • a device or devices introduce liquid or additional gas stream into the second chamber of the post-treatment product chamber.
  • This chamber removes the NOx/SOx/OC/particulate reaction products in a number of ways including gas phase and liquid phase chemical reactions, as well as washing, dissolving, suspending the reaction products from of the exhaust or other gas using a liquid phase.
  • the liquid phase can be a mist, spray, deluge, bubbling or other means of inducing contact between the exhaust or other gas and the liquid.
  • the gas or liquid phase contain chemicals as previously described to facilitate reactions, washing, dissolving, suspending of the NOx/SOx/OCs and particulate in the exhaust gas or other gas stream.
  • the liquid introduced to facilitate the above actions is then drained from the second chamber of the module through one or more orifices.
  • the volume of the second chamber is sufficiently large to accommodate the successful interaction between the gas or liquid introduced into the chamber to effect removal of the NOx/SOx/OC's and particulate reaction byproducts from the exhaust gas or other gas stream prior to the exhaust gas or other gas exit from the second chamber through a second opening at or near the end of the chamber most removed from the first opening.
  • Figure 9 shows an example of a contemplated overall integrated module configuration described in this patent. It shows just one option for a post-treatment product module but others are described in this document.
  • the chlorine dioxide generator [V] is shown with distribution of (CIO2) 0 in gas or suspended in liquid to the organic compound and particulate scrubber module [D], Integrated NOx/SC post-treatment scrubber module [F] and ballast water treatment module [X]. This feature minimizes equipment cost by sharing a single (CIO2) 0 generator.
  • Figure 9 also provides process flow for water and water treatment associated with the various modules. Table 10 identifies the items shown on Figure 9:
  • Figures 10A and 10B show examples of contemplated Ballast Water Treatment options.
  • Figure 10A describes the technology used when (CIO2) 0 is supplied as a gas diluted in another gas.
  • Figure 10B describes the technology when (CIO2) 0 is suspended in a liquid.
  • Table 1 1 describes the items identified in the two figures.
  • Figures 1 1A and 1 1 B show examples of contemplated options for combining the three chambers associated with SOx pretreatment, NOx, SOx, organic compounds, particulates, particulate matter and combinations thereof treatment and post-treatment processes in either one or two modules.
  • Figure 1 1 A describes configuration of the three chambers in two modules.
  • Figure 1 1 B describes a configuration of the three modules in one module.
  • Table 12 describes the items identified in the two figures. Table 12
  • Figure 12 shows examples of contemplated organic compound and particulate abatement module for soot filter systems.
  • This module optimizes the decomposition of (CIO2) 0 by regulating the temperature of the liquid in which the (CIO2) 0 is suspended in.
  • Table 13 describes the items identified in the Figure 12.
  • Figure 13 shows examples of contemplated integrated automated control systems.
  • Table 14 describes the items shown in Figure 13.
  • T-l (CIO2) 0 diluted in air or suspended in water for NOx, SOx, organic compounds,
  • Figure 14 shows contemplated separation/evaporation technology for nitrogen compound and commercially viable product separation from post scrubber processes.
  • Table 15 describes the items shown in Figure 14. Table 15:
  • Figure 15 show examples of contemplated nitrogen removal systems.
  • Item [J] is envisioned as a thin film dryer or air drying system.
  • Table 16 describes the items in Figure 15.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes de traitement et de réduction de la pollution pour traiter l'eau de mer, un gaz d'échappement de navire marin, un gaz de combustion, des flux de gaz contaminés, ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
PCT/US2018/039913 2017-06-29 2018-06-28 Processus et procédés de traitement d'eau de ballast et d'échappement marin WO2019006069A2 (fr)

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EP18773292.0A EP3645468A2 (fr) 2017-06-29 2018-06-28 Processus et procédés de traitement d'eau de ballast et d'échappement marin
SG11201913098UA SG11201913098UA (en) 2017-06-29 2018-06-28 Processes and methods for treatment of ballast water and marine exhaust

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US15/637,445 2017-06-29
US15/637,317 2017-06-29
US15/637,317 US10960964B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2017-06-29 Processes and methods for biological control of invasive species in ballast water and treatment of ballast water
US15/637,445 US9873080B2 (en) 2012-01-09 2017-06-29 Processes and methods using chlorine dioxide to remove NOx and SOx from marine exhaust
US15/876,182 US10556204B2 (en) 2012-01-09 2018-01-21 Processes and methods using chlorine dioxide to remove NOx, SOx, organic compounds, and particulate matter from marine exhaust
US15/876,182 2018-01-21

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CN110479097A (zh) * 2019-08-31 2019-11-22 成都中核鑫星应用技术研究所 一种亚硫酸铵在柴汽油汽车尾气处理的应用

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