JP5823963B2 - コンパクトな廃水濃縮器および汚染物質スクラバー - Google Patents
コンパクトな廃水濃縮器および汚染物質スクラバー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5823963B2 JP5823963B2 JP2012523026A JP2012523026A JP5823963B2 JP 5823963 B2 JP5823963 B2 JP 5823963B2 JP 2012523026 A JP2012523026 A JP 2012523026A JP 2012523026 A JP2012523026 A JP 2012523026A JP 5823963 B2 JP5823963 B2 JP 5823963B2
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JXRVKYBCWUJJBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OS([O-])(=O)=O.OS([O-])(=O)=O JXRVKYBCWUJJBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/16—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening using drying or composting beds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
- B01D1/20—Sprayers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
- Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
Description
Claims (30)
- 硫黄酸化物(SOx)を含む加熱ガスによって廃水を濃縮し、前記廃水中のSOxを低減するプロセスであって、
(a)圧力下において前記加熱ガスと廃水の液体流とを混合して、両者の混合物を生成し、混合物とアルカリ剤とを接触させて、前記混合物中の硫黄酸化物を低減するステップと、
(b)前記混合物の静圧を低下させて、前記混合物中の液体の一部を蒸発させ、混入濃縮液体を含む部分的に蒸発した混合物を得るステップと、
(c)前記混入濃縮液体および低減した硫黄酸化物の一部を前記部分的に蒸発した混合物から除去して、デミストされたガスおよび液体濃縮物を得るステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 前記廃水の液体流と、前記液体濃縮物とを再循環および混合するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記混入濃縮液体および低減した硫黄酸化物の一部を前記部分的に蒸発した混合物から除去するステップは、前記混入濃縮液体および低減した硫黄酸化物の一部を前記部分的に蒸発した混合物から除去するように作動可能なクロスフロースクラバー内に、前記部分的に蒸発した混合物を通過させるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記部分的に蒸発した混合物の温度は、華氏150度〜華氏190度(66℃〜88℃)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記加熱ガスは、燃料の燃焼から発生する排気ガスを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記燃料は、埋立地ガス、天然ガス、プロパン、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記燃料は埋立地ガスであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記燃料は天然ガスであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記加熱ガスの温度は、華氏900度〜華氏1200度(482℃〜649℃)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃水は、浸出液、逆流水、生成水、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃水は浸出液であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記廃水は、前記浸出液の総重量に基づいて、1wt.%〜5wt.%の固体を含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体濃縮物は、前記濃縮物の総重量に基づいて、少なくとも10wt.%の固体を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体濃縮物は、前記濃縮物の総重量に基づいて、少なくとも20wt.%の固体を含むことを特徴とする請求項13に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体濃縮物は、前記濃縮物の総重量に基づいて、少なくとも30wt.%の固体を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体濃縮物は、前記濃縮物の総重量に基づいて、少なくとも50wt.%の固体を含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ステップ(b)で前記部分的に蒸発した混合物は、前記部分的に蒸発した混合物の総重量に基づいて、5wt.%〜20wt.%の液体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ステップ(b)で前記部分的に蒸発した混合物は、前記部分的に蒸発した混合物の総重量に基づいて、10wt.%〜15wt.%の液体を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記アルカリ剤は、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記アルカリ剤は、水酸化ナトリウム溶液をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項19に記載のプロセス。
- 前記アルカリ剤は、炭酸カルシウムのスラリーをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項19に記載のプロセス。
- 硫黄酸化物(SOx)を含む加熱ガスによって廃水を濃縮し、前記加熱ガス中のSOxを除去するプロセスであって、
(a)前記加熱ガスと、アルカリ剤を含む廃水の液体流とを圧力下において混合して、両者の混合物を生成し、前記硫黄酸化物を低減するステップと、
(b)前記混合物の静圧を低下させて、前記混合物中の液体の一部を蒸発させ、混入濃縮液体を含む部分的に蒸発した混合物を得るステップと、
(c)前記混入濃縮液体および低減した硫黄酸化物の一部を前記蒸発した混合物から除去して、デミストされたガスおよび液体濃縮物を得るステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 硫黄酸化物(SOx)を含む加熱ガスによって廃水を濃縮し、前記加熱ガス中のSOxを除去するプロセスであって、
(a)前記加熱ガスと、廃水の液体流とを圧力下で混合し、ガス液体混合物とアルカリ剤とを接触させて、前記ガス液体混合物中の前記硫黄酸化物を低減するステップと、
(b)前記加熱ガス及び前記液体流が入口から出口へと流れる際に、前記加熱ガス及び前記液体流が加速される幅狭部を有する濃縮器の混合通路に、混合された前記加熱ガスおよび廃水の液体流を通過させて、ガス液体混合物の総重量に基づいて、液体濃度が5重量パーセント(wt.%)〜20wt.%である前記ガス液体混合物を生成するステップと、
(c)前記液体の一部を前記ガス液体混合物から分離して、液滴が混入したガス混合物を生成し、前記液体および前記液滴のうちの1つは、低減した硫黄酸化物を含むステップと、
(d)前記ステップ(c)において得られた前記ガス混合物中に混入した液滴を除去して、濃縮液体と、実質的に液体を含まずかつ実質的にSOxを含まないガスとを得るステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 前記ステップ(a)における前記廃水の液体流と、前記ステップ(d)において得られた前記濃縮液体とを再循環させて混合するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項23に記載のプロセス。
- 廃水からアンモニアを除去し、加熱ガスによって前記廃水を濃縮するプロセスであって、
(a)前記廃水の液体流と、pH上昇剤とを組み合わせて、pHが増加した廃水の流れを形成するステップと、
(b)前記pHが増加した廃水の流れと、空気ストリームとを前記廃水からアンモニアを除去するのに十分な条件下で接触させて、アンモニアを豊富に含む排気ストリームおよび少量のアンモニアを含みかつpHが増加した廃水を得るステップと、
(c)前記加熱ガスと、前記少量のアンモニアを含みかつpHが増加した廃水の流れとを圧力下において混合して、両者の混合物を得るステップと、
(d)前記混合物の静圧を低下させて、前記混合物中の液体の一部を蒸発させて、混入濃縮液体を含む部分的に蒸発した混合物を得るステップと、
(e)前記混入濃縮液体の一部を前記蒸発した混合物から除去して、デミストされたガスおよび液体濃縮物を得るステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 前記ステップ(b)において得られた前記アンモニアを豊富に含む排気ストリームと、燃焼空気ストリームとを混合するステップと、
前記組み合わされた空気ストリームの存在下において燃料を燃焼させて、前記ステップ(c)において用いられた前記加熱ガスを含む排気ガスを生成するステップと、
をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項25に記載のプロセス。 - 前記pH上昇剤は焼灼剤であることを特徴とする請求項25に記載のプロセス。
- 前記焼灼剤は、水酸化ナトリウムおよび石灰のうちの1つであることを特徴とする請求項27に記載のプロセス。
- 前記天然ガスは、未精製であり、源泉から直接供給されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記天然ガスは精製されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のプロセス。
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