WO2019004463A1 - 光学構造体 - Google Patents
光学構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019004463A1 WO2019004463A1 PCT/JP2018/024946 JP2018024946W WO2019004463A1 WO 2019004463 A1 WO2019004463 A1 WO 2019004463A1 JP 2018024946 W JP2018024946 W JP 2018024946W WO 2019004463 A1 WO2019004463 A1 WO 2019004463A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- local
- mirror
- area
- diffractive
- diffraction
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1861—Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
Definitions
- the description of the embodiments of the invention relates to an optical structure.
- the description of the embodiments of the present invention relates to methods such as manufacturing methods, usage methods, and verification methods.
- the description of the embodiments of the present invention relates to visibility, functionality, applicability, benefits.
- Security devices used for banknotes, identification (ID), brand protection (BP), etc. must prove or identify that the goods to be secured, which are the objects to which the security device is applied, are genuine. Needs to be possible. Security devices with decorative and decorative properties are also known. As such a security device, an optical structure composed of a hologram or a diffraction grating has been widely used.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an optical variable element provided with at least one free-form surface. According to this optical variable element, the observer visually recognizes three-dimensional shapes of characters, numbers, geometric figures, or other objects.
- the free-form surface of the optically variable element is in the form of a lens that produces an enlargement effect, a reduction effect, or a distortion effect.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a diffractive surface relief that includes a number of continuous elements that follow a first envelope.
- Each element includes an element surface substantially parallel to the base surface, and a side surface adjacent to two element surfaces adjacent to each other.
- the elements have an optical spacing of 150 nm to 800 nm.
- the envelope has a spatial frequency of 100 L / mm (book / mm) to 2000 L / mm (book / mm) and an optical depth of 450 nm or more.
- Patent No. 4611747 gazette Patent No. 5431363 gazette
- the reflecting structure surface formed by the reflecting structure of the sub-millimeter order is arranged so as to be viewed through the transparent protective layer as viewed from the observer.
- illumination light is incident on the reflective structure surface to observe an image
- the incident light is refracted at the interface between the transparent protective layer and the outside of the transparent protective layer.
- the light incident on the transparent protective layer is affected by the color dispersion of the material constituting the transparent protective layer, ie, the difference in refractive index depending on the wavelength of light incident on the transparent protective layer, when refraction occurs at the interface. Therefore, the image formed by the light emitted from the transparent protective layer is colored.
- the embossed recording body constituted by the sub-millimeter reflection structure or the lens structure is expressed by an achromatic color
- an unintended tint is produced in the embossed recording body by the above-mentioned coloring.
- the image quality of the embossed recording material may be impaired.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be optical structures capable of compensating for chromatic dispersion occurring in tilted mirrors.
- An optical structure for solving the above problems has an embossed surface including a recording area, and the recording area covers an embossed layer including an embossed recording body having a concavo-convex structure, and part or all of the recording area. And a light reflecting layer.
- the recording area includes a refractive mirror area and a diffractive area in the vicinity of the refractive mirror area. In the refractive mirror area, a plurality of tilted mirrors constituting the embossed recording body are aligned, and the diffractive area has a diffractive structure.
- the refractive mirror region has a plurality of local mirror structures, and the diffractive region has a plurality of local diffractive structures.
- Each pair of the local diffractive structure and the local mirror structure close to the local diffractive structure forms one local structure, and an azimuthal direction of a normal vector of a tilted mirror in the local mirror structure and the local diffractive structure
- the azimuthal direction of the grating vector is similar in the local structure so that the local mirror structure is coupled to the local diffractive structure and the local mirror and the local mirror coupled to the local diffractive structure It is separated from the structure, and the diffracted light of the local diffractive structure and the reflected light of the local mirror structure coupled to the local diffractive structure are mixed.
- a distance between centers of the local mirror structure and the local diffractive structure may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- an angle formed by an azimuth direction of a normal vector of a tilted mirror in the local mirror structure of the local structure and an azimuth direction of a grating vector of the local diffractive structure may be within 10 °.
- each tilted mirror of the local mirror structure has a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more, and the diffraction structure has a spatial frequency of not less than 114 and not more than 114 / mm and not more than 0.5 ⁇ m. And may have a depth.
- the local mirror structure and the local diffractive structure may be arranged in a checkered pattern in the recording area.
- the percentage of the area of the local diffractive structure to the area of the local structure may be 50% or less.
- the diffraction area may be a plurality of discrete diffraction areas dispersed in the recording area, and the refractive mirror area may include an area between the plurality of discrete diffraction areas.
- each diffraction area may have a smaller area as the distance between the diffraction area and the contour of the refractive mirror area is smaller.
- the embossed surface may further include a plurality of diffractive regions located along the contour of the refractive mirror region outside the refractive mirror region.
- FIG. 2 is a view conceptually showing a cross-sectional structure along the line AA in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 7 is a plan view conceptually showing the structure in another example of the recording area provided in the optical structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a view conceptually showing the state of reflection and diffraction of light rays by the tilt mirror and the diffraction grating when illumination light is incident on the optical structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view conceptually showing the structure of a recording area.
- the top view which shows notionally the structure when the example of the optical structure in the 1st modification of 2nd Embodiment of this invention is planarly viewed.
- the top view which shows notionally the structure when the example of the optical structure in the 2nd modification of 2nd Embodiment of this invention is planarly viewed.
- the top view which shows notionally the structure when the example of the optical structure in the other modification of 2nd Embodiment of this invention is planarly viewed.
- the optical structure comprises an embossed recording layer and a light reflecting layer.
- the embossed layer has an embossed surface on one side or both sides of the embossed layer.
- the embossed surface includes a recording area in which the embossed recording material is recorded.
- the embossed recording material has a concavo-convex structure.
- the light reflecting layer covers a part or all of the recording area. Also, the light reflecting layer may cover part or all of the embossed surface.
- the recording area includes a refractive mirror area and a diffractive area. In the refracting mirror area, a plurality of inclined mirrors constituting the embossed recording body are aligned, and each inclined mirror can be made to have a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the tilting mirror can be tilted at an angle of 1 ° or more and 45 ° or less with respect to the base plane approximating the embossing surface.
- the diffraction region comprises a diffraction grating.
- the diffraction grating in the diffraction region can have a structure having a spatial frequency higher than 0 and 114 or less and a depth of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view conceptually showing an example of the optical structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure in an example of the optical structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure along the line AA in FIG.
- the optical structure 1 is equipped with the embossing recording body in one embossing surface of an embossing layer.
- the area in which the embossed recording body is formed can be the recording area 2.
- the recording area 2 includes a plurality of local structures 5 composed of the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4.
- the local structure 5 can be composed of one local mirror structure 3 and one local diffractive structure 4.
- Local structure 5 is a pair of local diffractive structure 4 and local mirror structure 3 coupled to local diffractive structure 4.
- the azimuthal direction of the normal vector of the tilted mirror in the local mirror structure 3 of the local structure 5 and the azimuthal direction of the grating vector in the local diffractive structure 4 are the same.
- the azimuthal direction of the normal vector in the tilted mirror of the local mirror structure 3 is the same direction as the normal vector projected on the base plane approximating the embossed surface.
- the azimuthal direction of the lattice vector is the same as the lattice vector projected onto the base plane approximating the embossed surface. If the angle between the azimuthal direction of the mirror normal vector in the local mirror structure 3 of the local structure 5 and the azimuthal direction of the grating vector in the local diffractive structure 4 is within 10 °, the azimuth direction of the mirror normal vector and the lattice
- the azimuth direction of the vector can be the same.
- the recording area 2 is an area where an embossed recording body is formed.
- the embossed recording body can record a picture by the configuration of the local structure 5.
- the patterns to be recorded can be landmarks, portraits, codes, letters, numbers, signs, marks, symbols, motifs, geometric patterns, and line patterns.
- the recording area 2 includes one refractive mirror area or a plurality of refractive mirror areas.
- the recording area 2 also includes a plurality of diffraction areas.
- the diffractive region is arranged in the vicinity of the refractive mirror region.
- the gap between the diffractive area and the refractive mirror area may be between 0.1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the gap between the diffractive region and the refractive mirror region can be the distance between the closest points of the outer shapes of the respective regions.
- the refractive mirror region comprises a plurality of local mirror structures 3.
- the diffractive region comprises a plurality of local diffractive structures 4.
- a pair of local mirror structure 3 and local diffractive structure 4 forms one local structure 5.
- the embossed recording body includes a plurality of local structures 5.
- the recording area 2 has a plurality of local structures 5.
- Diffraction regions can be discretely formed in the recording region 2.
- Each of the discretely formed diffraction regions can be a local diffraction structure 4.
- each of the discretely formed diffraction regions may have a plurality of local diffraction structures 4.
- the refracting mirror area can be formed discretely or continuously in the recording area 2.
- the mirror structure of the refractive mirror region adjacent to each local diffractive structure can be a local mirror structure coupled to the local diffractive structure.
- the optical structure 1 of this invention can be equipped with the embossing layer 20, the light reflection layer 21, and the contact bonding layer 22.
- the embossed layer 20 has a concavo-convex structure on one of two opposing sides of the embossed layer 20.
- the uneven structure constitutes an embossed recording body.
- the surface including the recording area 2 is an embossed surface.
- the surface including the embossed recording material is the embossed surface.
- One or both sides of the embossed layer 20 can be embossed.
- the embossed recording material is formed on a part or the entire surface of the embossed surface.
- the area where the embossed recording material is formed is the recording area 2.
- An embossed recording material is formed on a part or the entire surface of the embossed surface of the embossed layer 20.
- the light reflecting layer 21 covers the embossed surface of the embossed layer 20.
- the light reflection layer 21 covers the entire embossed surface, but may cover a part of the embossed surface.
- the adhesive layer 22 is attached to the light reflecting layer 21.
- the optical structure 1 may not have the adhesive layer 22.
- the optical structure 1 may or may not have the adhesive layer 22.
- the presence or absence of the adhesive layer 22 can be determined by the application of the optical structure 1.
- the optical structure 1 may include an embossed layer 20, a light reflecting layer 21, and a functional layer different from the adhesive layer 22.
- the embossed recording body of the embossed layer 20 comprises a plurality of local structures 5 having a local mirror structure 3 and a local diffractive structure 4.
- the functional layer can be an invisible functional layer or a visible functional layer.
- the functional layer can be overt, covert, or both. Covert can be verified with a leader. Overt can be verified with the naked eye or with a tool. Tools used for verification can be loupe, black light, and polarizers.
- the functional layer can be variable ink printing, invisible ink printing, micro character printing, line pattern printing, liquid crystal layer.
- the invisible ink printing can be fluorescent ink printing which is printing formed of fluorescent ink, and infrared absorbing ink printing which is printing formed of infrared absorbing ink.
- the liquid crystal layer can be a cholesteric liquid crystal layer or a nematic liquid crystal layer.
- the configuration of the local structure 5 of the embossed recording allows the optical structure 1 to display an image.
- the image of the optical structure 1 can be displayed by making visible light incident on the optical structure 1.
- an image of a pattern recorded on the embossed recording body is displayed.
- the displayed image can be a landmark, a portrait, a code, a letter, a number, a sign, a mark, a symbol, a motif, a geometric pattern, a line pattern.
- the plurality of local mirror structures 3 and the plurality of local diffractive structures 4 arranged in the first direction are a first arrangement.
- the plurality of local mirror structures 3 and the plurality of local diffractive structures 4 arranged along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction are a second arrangement.
- the first relationship and the second relationship may be different from each other.
- the first array and the second array may be equal to each other.
- the embossed layer 20 may have light transparency.
- the embossed layer 20 may be transparent or translucent.
- the embossed layer 20 can be colored or colorless.
- the base material forming the embossed layer 20 can be made of resin.
- the resin of the base material can be a thermoplastic resin or a cured resin.
- the uncured base resin can be soluble.
- the solvent that dissolves the resin of the uncured base material can be a polar solvent, a nonpolar solvent, or a bipolar solvent. Also, the solvent can be a mixed solvent.
- the base material for forming the embossed layer 20 can be an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a urethane acrylate resin, an epoxy resin, an olefin resin, or a modified olefin resin.
- the olefin resin can be a polypropylene (PP) resin or a polyethylene (PE) resin.
- the modified olefin resin can be an acid modified polypropylene (PP) resin or an acid modified polyethylene (PE) resin.
- the material for forming the embossed layer 20 may be a transparent resin.
- the transparent resin may be polycarbonate resin or methacrylic styrene (MS) resin. These resins are relatively easy to process. These resins are excellent in impact resistance. Therefore, the embossed layer 20 is less likely to be broken.
- the transparent resin may be an acrylic resin or a polystyrene resin.
- the optical structure 1 may also include a transparent protective layer on the surface of the embossed layer 20 opposite to the embossed surface.
- the transparent protective layer may be light transmissive.
- the transparent protective layer serves as a base of the embossed layer 20 and also serves to protect the embossed layer 20. Thereby, the strength of the optical structure 1 can be increased. In addition, since the strength of the optical structure 1 is enhanced by the transparent protective layer, the thickness of the embossed layer 20 can be reduced.
- the transparent protective layer can be a film, a coated layer, or a coated film.
- the transparent protective layer may be formed of a light transmissive material.
- the light transmissive material can be a homogeneous polymer or composite matrix.
- the complex can be a homogeneous complex of different polymers, a heterogeneous complex of different polymers.
- one polymer can be the continuous phase and the other polymer can be the dispersed phase.
- one polymer is a continuous phase, and the other polymer can also be a continuous phase.
- the transparent protective layer may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate, acrylic, urethane, urethane acrylate, epoxy, fluorine polymer, silicone, elastomer.
- the transparent protective layer may be hard.
- the transparent protective layer may have cushioning properties.
- the transparent protective layer may have heat resistance or chemical resistance.
- the transparent material may be cycloolefin (COP).
- the cycloolefin has less color dispersion and birefringence and is excellent in various optical properties.
- the light transmitting material of the transparent protective layer may contain powder.
- the powder can be an inorganic powder or a polymer powder.
- the inorganic powder can be silica particles or alumina particles.
- the polymer powder can be acrylic powder, silicone powder, fluorine powder, epoxy powder, urethane powder, urethane acrylate powder, melamine powder.
- the light reflection layer 21 is a layer that reflects the light transmitted through the embossed layer 20.
- the light reflecting layer 21 covers all of the embossed surfaces of the embossed layer 20.
- the light reflecting layer 21 may cover a part of the embossed surface.
- the light reflecting layer 21 which covers a part of the embossed surface may be a layer which covers only the bottom and top surfaces of the projections of the embossed layer 20 and does not cover the side surfaces of the projections.
- the light reflecting layer 21 covering a portion of the embossing surface may cover the embossing surface to form an image pattern identical or different to the image pattern constituted by the local structure 5.
- the light reflecting layer 21 can be a deposited layer or a coated layer.
- the deposited layer can be a metal layer, a silicon oxide layer, or a metal compound layer.
- the metal layer can be a metal deposited layer.
- the silicon oxide layer can be a layer deposited with silicon oxide.
- the metal compound layer can be a layer deposited with a metal compound.
- the coating layer can be formed by high gloss ink.
- the metal layer may be aluminum, nickel, tin, zinc, silver, gold or alloys thereof.
- the high gloss ink may be an ink containing scaly metal pieces.
- the metal compound layer can be a layer deposited with metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal nitride, metal fluoride.
- the metal of the metal compound layer can be aluminum, titanium, zinc, sodium, calcium, magnesium.
- the optical structure 1 may further include an adhesive layer 22 and other layers in addition to the embossed layer 20 and the light reflecting layer 21.
- the adhesive layer 22 is a layer provided to give an adhesive force to the optical structure 1 when the optical structure 1 is used by bonding it to a card, paper or the like. As described above, the adhesive layer 22 can be coated on the surface of the light reflecting layer 21 covering the embossed surface of the embossed layer 20 opposite to the surface in contact with the embossed layer 20.
- the material for forming the adhesive layer 22 may be a heat sensitive adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive.
- the optical structure 1 may include a printing layer, a protective layer, and an intermediate layer as layers other than the embossed layer 20, the light reflecting layer 21, and the adhesive layer 22.
- the optical structure 1 can be appropriately provided with various functional layers in accordance with the application of the optical structure 1.
- the embossed layer 20 has an embossed recording body on the embossed surface.
- the embossed recording body has a refracting mirror structure and a diffractive structure.
- the local structure 5 comprises a local diffractive structure 4 consisting of a diffractive structure and a local mirror structure 3 consisting of a refractive mirror structure coupled to the local diffractive structure 4.
- the plurality of local structures 5 constitute an embossed recording body.
- the refractive mirror structure comprises a tilted tilt mirror.
- the refractive mirror structure may have a side opposite to the tilting mirror. Each tilt mirror can reflect incident parallel light as parallel light.
- the tilting mirror can be flat.
- the inclined mirror may be a slightly curved curved surface.
- the radius of curvature of the tilting mirror can be 100 mm or more.
- the tilting mirror may be a perfect mirror surface, a light transmitting mirror surface or a rough mirror surface.
- the surface roughness Ra of the tilt mirror can be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the diffractive structure is a structure including a diffraction grating.
- a diffractive structure diffracts light.
- the direction of diffracted light of a single wavelength that the diffraction grating diffracts is one direction or multiple directions.
- the direction of diffracted light of a single wavelength that the diffraction grating diffracts is determined by the direction of the diffraction grating vector and the direction of light incident on the diffraction grating.
- the diffracted light of the local diffractive structure 4 and the reflected light from the coupled local mirror structure 3 adjacent to the local diffractive structure 4 are mixed.
- the mixed light cancels out the chromatic dispersion of the diffracted light and the chromatic dispersion of the reflected light.
- a plurality of local structures 5 are arranged in the recording area 2.
- the local mirror structures 3 and the local diffractive structures 4 can be arranged in the same sequence in each local structure 5.
- the first direction is the X direction.
- the X direction local mirror structures 3 and local diffractive structures 4 are alternately arranged.
- the direction orthogonal to the first direction is the second direction.
- the second direction is the Y direction.
- the plurality of local structures 5 arranged along the X direction constitute one row.
- the plurality of local structures 5 arranged along the Y direction constitute one row. In two rows adjacent to each other in the Y direction, the positions of the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 in each local structure 5 are different from each other.
- the first row and the second row are close to each other in the Y direction.
- the local mirror structures 3 included in the first row are close to one another with the local diffractive structures 4 included in the second row.
- the local diffractive structures 4 included in the first row are close to the local mirror structures 3 included in the second row.
- a plurality of local structures 5 are arranged, and in the recording area 2, the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- each of the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 is divided in a square shape by an outline.
- the outlines are merely illustrated for the purpose of clearly showing the outline of each region. Therefore, the contours do not necessarily have to exist in practice.
- the outer shape of each of the structures 3 and 4 is not limited to the example shown in FIG.
- the outer shape of each of the structures 3 and 4 may be polygonal.
- the polygons may be triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons.
- the square may be rectangular, parallelogram, trapezoidal, or rhombus.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which the outline of each of the structures 3 and 4 is rectangular.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which the outlines of the structures 3 and 4 are hexagonal.
- the local structure 5 may have a ratio of the area occupied by the local mirror structure 3 which is different for each local structure 5.
- the local structure 5 may have a ratio of the area occupied by the local diffractive structure 4.
- the ratio of the area of the local mirror structure 3 and the area of the local diffractive structure 4 may be different for each local structure 5.
- the ratio of the local mirror structure 3 occupied in each local structure 5 and the ratio of the local diffractive structure 4 are arbitrarily set according to the application of the optical structure 1, the image to be displayed on the optical structure 1, etc. be able to.
- the ratio occupied by the local diffractive structure 4 can be 10% or more and 50% or less.
- the percentage of the area of the local diffractive structure 4 to the area of the local structure 5 can be 10% or more and 50% or less.
- the outer shape of the local structure 5 is hexagonal.
- the local structure 5 is composed of a local mirror structure 3 and a local diffractive structure 4.
- the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 equally divide the local structure 5.
- a plurality of local structures 5 are arranged in a honeycomb shape.
- Each local mirror structure 3 and each local diffractive structure 4 may have a hexagonal shape.
- the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 may be alternately arranged in one or more directions, and may be arranged in a honeycomb shape.
- the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 can be appropriately arranged in accordance with the outer shape of the recording area 2.
- the length of each of the long side and the short side of the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 can be a length that can not be easily distinguished visually.
- the long side and the short side may be 200 ⁇ m or less, and may be 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the long side and the short side can be defined as follows. First, among the line segments connecting two points on the outline of each structure, the line segment having the maximum length is determined as the long side. Then, it has a side parallel to this long side, and draws a rectangle circumscribing the outline of each structure. Then, the short side of the rectangle is set to the short side in the outline of each structure.
- the embossed surface of the embossed layer 20 includes the embossed recording body.
- the optical structure 1 displays desired characters, figures, symbols, and other marks by alternately arranging the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 included in the embossed recording body.
- the embossing layer 20 can be provided with an embossing surface and a flat surface which is the surface on the opposite side to the embossing surface.
- the area where the inclined mirrors are aligned is the local mirror structure 3.
- the local mirror structure 3 comprises a plurality of tilting mirrors which are locally flat tilted mirrors of a microstructure. The tilting mirror is tilted at a desired angle with respect to a base plane that approximates the embossing surface of the embossing layer 20.
- the normal vector of the tilting mirror of the local mirror structure 3 can be in a fixed direction. Therefore, the local mirror structure 3 can be a unity (Unity) of a tilt mirror in which the normal vector of the tilt mirror included in the local mirror structure 3 is constant.
- each tilting mirror can be regularly arranged. Each tilting mirror may be aligned at a regular pitch. In the local mirror structure 3, the tilt mirrors may be aligned at an equal pitch or may be aligned at an unequal pitch.
- the pitch of the local mirror structure 3 is too fine, light diffraction occurs in the local mirror structure 3. This makes it easier for the observer to recognize an unintended color. Therefore, the pitch as fine as light diffraction does not match the optical structure 1.
- the pitch at which the tilt mirrors are aligned can be 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the depth of the inclined mirror which is the maximum width of the embossed layer of the inclined mirror in the local mirror structure 3 in the thickness direction, is the first depth 23.
- the first depth 23 can be set to 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of preventing diffraction in the local mirror structure 3 and the viewpoint of manufacturability.
- an embossed recording body is configured by such a refractive mirror structure.
- the local diffractive structure 4 consists of a diffractive structure.
- One local diffractive structure 4 can be one of discrete diffraction regions.
- the one local diffractive structure 4 has a predetermined grating vector in the local diffractive structure 4.
- the local diffractive structure 4 is in close proximity to the local mirror structure 3.
- the local diffractive structure 4 is close to the local mirror structure 3 and constitutes the local structure 5 as a pair with the local mirror structure 3.
- the local diffractive structure 4 corrects the color shift generated in the local mirror structure 3. In other words, the local diffractive structure 4 compensates for the chromatic dispersion of the local mirror structure 3.
- the grating vector of the diffractive structure can be determined according to the refractive index and color dispersion of the embossed layer 20 and the transparent protective layer, the refractive angle of the mirror in the local mirror structure 3, and the like. Also, the grating vector of the diffractive structure can be parallel to the base plane approximating the embossed surface. Also, the grating vector of the diffractive structure may be non-parallel to the base plane approximating the embossed surface. When the grating vector of the diffractive structure is not parallel to the base plane approximating the embossed surface, it has a tilt angle as the angle between the base surface and the grating vector.
- the spatial frequency of the grating vector and the tilt angle make it possible to set the difference between the emission angle of a ray having a first wavelength and the emission angle of a ray having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.
- the grating vector is in one direction when the diffractive structure is groove-shaped.
- grating vectors are discretely plural.
- the local mirror structure can be coupled to the local diffractive structure if one azimuthal direction of the plurality of grating vectors is similar to the azimuthal direction of the tilting mirror.
- the depth of the diffraction grating is the second depth 24.
- the second depth 24 can be set to 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less in terms of diffraction efficiency and the like in the diffraction grating.
- the reason why the color misregistration is canceled out, that is, the chromatic dispersion is compensated in the optical structure 1 will be described.
- the light source is oblique to the optical structure 1, and the observer observes the optical structure 1 from the front of the optical structure 1, in other words, the direction in which the observer faces the embossed surface of the embossed layer 20. Assume the case.
- the incident light 30 is obliquely incident on the optical structure 1, in other words, on the flat surface of the embossed layer 20.
- the incident light rays are refracted at the interface between the air and the flat surface of the embossed layer 20, ie, the incident surface.
- the incident light beam reaches the tilt mirror of the local mirror structure 3 that forms a pattern in the optical structure 1.
- the angle of refraction is also different for each wavelength of light. Therefore, chromatic dispersion occurs in the local mirror structure 3.
- the order of the chromatic dispersion of the diffracted light of the local diffractive structure 4 and the order of the chromatic dispersion of the reflected light refracted by the local mirror structure 3 are opposite to each other with the normal vector to the flat surface as the symmetry axis. Thereby, the color shift in the local mirror structure 3 can be canceled by the light emitted from the local diffractive structure 4. As a result, according to the optical structure 1, the coloring phenomenon in the local mirror structure 3 can be reduced.
- the incident light 30 is a white light
- an F ray (wavelength 486.133 nm) is set as a blue ray, for example, as a ray of a specific color contained in the white light, and a C ray (wavelength 656.273 nm) as a red ray.
- cycloolefin resin (ZEONEX E48R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) (ZEONEX is a registered trademark) is used.
- the raw material of a transparent protective layer can also be made into the same raw material as the raw material of the embossing layer 20.
- the refractive index for the F line and the first refractive index n F, the refractive index for the C line and the second refractive index n C is 1.5283.
- the first refractive index n F which is the refractive index of the F line is 1.5378, and the second refractive index n C which is the refractive index of the C line is It is 1.5283.
- the refractive index of the blue light (F ray) is higher than the refractive index of the red light (C ray). That is, in the cycloolefin resin (ZEONEX E48R), it is shown that the power to refract blue light is stronger than the power to refract red light.
- the angle described below is an angle with respect to the normal vector of the incident surface, that is, an angle formed by the light vector and the normal vector of the incident surface.
- a ray incident at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the normal vector of the incident surface is refracted at the incident surface.
- the blue ray (F ray) then propagates through the cycloolefin resin at an angle of 27.38 °.
- the red ray (C ray) propagates in the cycloolefin resin at an angle of 27.56 °.
- the reflected light 31 including each light beam is reflected in the front of the observer, in other words, in the direction in which the observer and the flat surface face each other. Can.
- the blue ray (F ray) is emitted at an angle of 0.14 °
- the red ray (C ray) is -0.14. Eject at an angle of °. That is, the blue light beam and the red light beam can be emitted while the difference in angle between the blue light beam and the red light beam is 0.28 °.
- the difference between the angle at the blue light beam and the angle at the red light beam causes a deviation of about 1.48 mm between the blue light beam and the red light beam when the viewing distance is set to 30 cm. Therefore, color is perceived when a wavelength is selected according to the relationship between the position of the pupil of the observer, the position of the blue light beam, and the position of the red light beam.
- the diffraction grating is arranged in a small area which can not be checked visually.
- the observation distance is the distance between the observer's pupil and the flat surface of the embossed layer 20.
- the diffraction grating when the spatial frequency of the diffraction grating is 74.41 / mm, blue light (F ray) of the first-order diffracted light when white light is made incident on the optical structure 1 under the conditions described above The difference in angle between) and the red ray (C line) is 0.28 °. In this case, the grating spacing of the diffraction grating is 13.44 ⁇ m.
- the first-order diffracted light (diffracted light 32) is locally It can be emitted in the same direction as the light reflected at the mirror structure 3.
- the blue ray of the reflected light of the refracting mirror structure and the red ray of the diffracted light of the diffraction grating are emitted in the same direction, so that the color shift is reduced, in other words, the color dispersion in the local mirror structure 3 is reduced. It can be compensated.
- the size of each of the structures 3 and 4 can be made equal to or less than the resolution by visual observation.
- the arrangement interval of the local diffractive structures 4 may be 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the tilt angle of the tilt mirror is 40.53 °
- the emission angle of the blue ray (F ray) is 0.23 °
- the emission angle of the red ray (C ray) is -0. It is .23 °.
- the spatial frequency of the corresponding diffraction grating is 113.30 / mm and the grating spacing is 8.83 ⁇ m.
- the plane of the diffraction grating is inclined by 35.8 °, in other words, the inclination is set to 35.8 °. Thereby, the color shift can be canceled by the first order diffracted light of the diffraction grating.
- the chromatic dispersion of the refracted reflected light of the refractive mirror structure can be compensated by the first order diffracted light of the diffraction grating.
- the tilt angle of the tilt mirror is 6.50 °
- the emission angle of the blue ray (F ray) is 0.03 °
- the emission angle of the red ray (C ray) is ⁇ 0. It is 03 °.
- the spatial frequency of the corresponding diffraction grating is 17.29 / mm and the grating spacing is 57.84 ⁇ m.
- the plane of the diffraction grating is inclined at 5.9 °, in other words, the inclination is set at 5.9 °.
- the color shift can be canceled by the first order diffracted light of the diffraction grating.
- the chromatic dispersion of the reflected light refracted by the refractive mirror structure can be compensated by the first-order diffracted light of the diffraction grating.
- the incident angle described above is smaller, when incident light is substantially incident on the flat surface of the embossed layer 20 from the front, refraction at the incident surface hardly occurs. Therefore, the color shift in the refractive mirror structure is small. In other words, the chromatic dispersion of the reflected light refracted by the refracting mirror structure is small.
- the range of the incident angle is 0 ° or more and 90 ° or less.
- the material for forming the embossed layer 20 that is, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or the like can be applied to the method for forming the embossed layer 20, such as an extrusion method.
- the molten resin is brought into contact with the surface of the cooling roll having a desired uneven shape, and the uneven shape of the surface is transferred to the molten resin.
- the molten resin is solidified by cooling the molten resin.
- the uneven shape formed on the surface of the cooling roll can be a male or female mold in the shape of an embossed surface.
- the concavo-convex shape formed on the surface of the cooling roll can be determined by the emboss shape recorded on the emboss recording material.
- the uneven shape formed on the surface of the cooling roll is the shape of the tilted mirror included in the local mirror structure 3, the alignment state, the shape of the diffractive structure included in the local diffractive structure 4, and the configuration of the local structure. It can be decided accordingly.
- the optical structure 1 contains a transparent protective layer as a base of the embossing layer 20
- a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin is apply
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a metal stamper having a desired uneven shape is adhered to the applied resin layer.
- a thermosetting resin is used, the resin layer is heated while the stamper is in close contact with the resin layer.
- a photocurable resin is used, the resin layer is irradiated with light while the stamper is in close contact with the resin layer. Then, after the resin is cured, the embossed layer 20 can be formed by peeling the stamper from the cured resin layer.
- a method of forming a stamper of metal can be a method of directly forming an embossed recording body on the surface of metal that constitutes the surface of the stamper.
- the method of directly forming the embossed recording material on the surface of the metal may be a method of scraping the surface of the metal stamper with a cutting tool to form the embossed recording material.
- the method of directly forming an embossed recording material on the surface of a metal may be a method of selectively etching a metal surface by an exposure process using a photosensitive material.
- the method of directly forming the embossed recording material on the surface of a metal may be a method of processing a surface made of metal using ablation by laser light or the like.
- the following method can be used as a method of manufacturing a metal stamper having a more minute uneven shape.
- a desired pattern is drawn by a stepper apparatus, an electron beam drawing apparatus, or the like on a photoresist layer having a uniform film thickness formed by coating of a photoresist.
- the photoresist layer is then developed. Thereby, an original plate can be obtained.
- a metal stamper can be obtained by obtaining a metal layer to which the original plate has been transferred by a method such as electroforming.
- the concavo-convex shape formed on the metal stamper may be appropriately determined based on a predetermined optical distance or the like selected to display a desired image and to correct the color shift in the tilt mirror. In other words, the concavo-convex shape formed on the stamper is determined according to the shape of the tilted mirror included in the local mirror structure 3 and the shape of the diffractive structure included in the local diffractive structure 4.
- the light reflecting layer 21 is formed by depositing a single layer or a plurality of layers on the embossed layer 20.
- the method of forming the light reflecting layer 21 may be vapor deposition, silver mirror processing.
- the vapor deposition may be vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the material for forming the light reflection layer 21 may be metal or dielectric.
- the metal may be aluminum.
- covers only a part of embossed surface, ie, the light reflection layer 21 patterned can be formed with the following method. For example, first, a continuous film, that is, a continuous film covering the entire embossed surface is formed by vapor deposition. Thereafter, a part of the continuous film is dissolved by a chemical or the like, and thereby, the patterned light reflection layer 21 can be obtained by removing a part of the continuous film from the embossed surface.
- the optical structure 1 can be produced as described above. As a result, it is possible to suppress the color shift occurring in the tilt mirror and provide the optical structure 1 with stable coloring.
- FIGS. 6 to 9 A second embodiment of the optical structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the relationship between the region in which the tilt mirror is disposed and the region in which the diffraction grating is disposed. Therefore, while these differences will be described in detail, in the second embodiment, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment are given to the same components as in the first embodiment, and the detailed description will be omitted.
- the diffraction region is a discrete diffraction region among the plurality of diffraction regions.
- the plurality of discrete diffraction areas are dispersed in the recording area.
- the refractive mirror region includes the region between the plurality of diffractive regions.
- the optical structure 1 includes a recording area 2.
- the recording area 2 is composed of one refractive mirror area 41 and a plurality of diffraction areas 42.
- the refractive mirror area 41 includes the refractive mirror structure described above
- the diffractive area 42 includes the diffractive structure described above.
- the outline of each diffraction area 42 is circular in plan view facing the recording area 2.
- the plurality of diffraction areas 42 have the same size as one another.
- the outline of the refractive mirror area 41 is the outline of the recording area 2.
- the plurality of diffraction regions 42 are arranged at equal intervals along the X direction, and arranged at equal intervals along the Y direction. An interval in which the plurality of diffractive regions 42 are aligned in the X direction and an interval in which the plurality of diffractive regions 42 are aligned in the Y direction are equal to each other. Further, the plurality of diffraction regions 42 are arranged at equal intervals along the first arrangement direction D1, and arranged at equal intervals along a second arrangement direction D2 orthogonal to the first arrangement direction D1.
- the first arrangement direction D1 is a direction intersecting the X direction at an angle of 45 °.
- the refracting mirror area 41 can fill the gaps between the plurality of diffraction areas 42 in the recording area 2.
- the diffractive area 42 in the recording area 2, can be surrounded by the refractive mirror area 41.
- the diffractive regions 42 are discretely arranged, and the refractive mirror region 41 can be continuous.
- the refractive mirror area 41 and the plurality of diffraction areas 42 can form a sea-island structure in which the refractive mirror area 41 is the sea and the diffraction area 42 is the island in the recording area 2.
- Each diffractive area 42 is in close proximity to a portion of refractive mirror area 41.
- each diffractive region 42 is proximate to the local diffractive structure and paired with the coupled local mirror structure.
- the pair of a local diffractive structure and a local mirror structure coupled to the local diffractive structure is a local structure.
- FIG. 7A shows an example of a local mirror structure included in the refractive mirror area 41 and a local diffractive structure included in the diffractive area 42.
- FIG. 7 (b) shows another example of the local mirror structure included in the refractive mirror area 41 and the local diffractive structure included in the diffractive area 42.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a region B which is a region surrounded by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Moreover, in FIG. 7, the case where the external shape of the diffraction area
- region 42 is elliptical shape is illustrated.
- the refractive mirror area 41 includes the local mirror structure 3, and the diffractive area 42 includes the local diffractive structure 4.
- the size of the local mirror structure 3 and the size of the local diffractive structure 4 may be equal to each other.
- the direction in which the normal of the inclined mirror projected onto the base plane approximate to the embossed surface extends is the azimuthal direction Vm of the mirror normal vector.
- the azimuthal direction Vm of the mirror normal vector can be constant throughout the refractive mirror area 41.
- the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the grooves constituting the diffraction grating extend is the azimuthal direction of the grating vector.
- the azimuthal direction Vg of the grating vector can be constant throughout the diffractive region 42.
- the azimuthal direction Vm of the mirror normal vector and the azimuthal direction Vg of the diffraction grating vector are substantially parallel.
- the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 are separated.
- the refractive mirror area 41 includes the local mirror structure 3 and the diffractive area 42 includes the local diffractive structure 4 as in the example shown in FIG. 7A.
- the size of the local mirror structure 3 and the size of the local diffractive structure 4 may be equal to each other.
- the azimuthal direction Vg of the diffraction grating vector in the local diffraction structure 4 and the azimuthal direction of the diffraction grating vector in the region above the local diffractive structure 4 in the drawing surface among the diffraction region 42 Vg is different from each other. Therefore, the local diffractive structure 4 occupies an area of 1/2 or less in the diffractive region 42.
- the tilt mirror included in the refractive mirror area 41 is bent while the tilt mirror extends from the right to the left in the drawing. Therefore, in the refracting mirror area 41, the azimuthal direction Vm of the mirror normal vector in the area on the right side of the bending portion of the inclined mirror is different from the azimuthal direction Vm of the mirror normal vector in the area on the left .
- the coupling (coupling) of the local diffractive structure 4 with the local mirror structure 3 can be substantially optically defined. If the azimuthal direction of the normal vector of the mirror of the local mirror structure 3 and the azimuthal direction of the grating vector of the local diffractive structure 4 are similar, the local mirror structure 3 is substantially optically cupped to the local diffractive structure 4 I can ring. If the azimuth direction of the normal vector of the mirror of the local mirror structure 3 and the azimuth direction of the grating vector of the local diffractive structure 4 are within 10 °, the azimuth direction can be made similar.
- the pair of the local diffractive structure 4 and the local mirror structure 3 coupled to the local diffractive structure 4 can be a local structure 5. Moreover, the diffraction grating of the local diffraction structure 4 to be coupled can have a spatial frequency higher than 0 and 114 or less. The coupling between the local diffractive structure 4 and the local mirror structure 3 may not be uniquely determined.
- the local diffractive structure 4 and the local mirror structure 3 coupled to the local diffractive structure 4 can be of equal size.
- the external shape of the local diffractive structure 4 can be circular.
- the diameter of the local diffractive structure 4 can be approximately 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the outer shape of the local mirror structure 3 can be circular.
- the diameter of the local mirror structure 3 can be approximately 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the center of the local diffractive structure 4 and the center of the local mirror structure 3 coupled to the local diffractive structure 4 can be 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 are close to each other. In other words, the distance between the centers of the local mirror structure 3 and the local diffractive structure 4 is 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the area of the refractive mirror area 41 is larger than the sum of the areas of the diffractive area 42. In other words, when the area of the refractive mirror area 41 is set to 1, the sum of the areas of the diffraction areas 42 is smaller than 1.
- the ratio of the area of the refractive mirror area 41 to the sum of the areas of the diffraction areas 42 can be arbitrarily changed by changing the size of each diffraction area 42.
- the degree of compensating for the chromatic dispersion in the refractive mirror area 41 can be adjusted by the area of each diffraction area 42. That is, since the area of the diffractive area 42 is smaller than the area where chromatic dispersion in the refractive mirror area 41 is completely compensated, only a part of the chromatic dispersion in the refractive mirror area 41 is diffracted out of the diffractive area 42 Compensated by light. As such, by changing the ratio of the sum of the area of the diffractive area 42 to the area of the refractive mirror area 41, the color exhibited by the recording area 2 can be changed.
- each diffractive region has a smaller area as the distance between the diffractive region and the contour of the refractive mirror region is smaller.
- the recording area 2 is composed of a continuous refractive mirror area 41A and a plurality of discrete diffraction areas 42A.
- discrete diffraction areas 42A having different areas can be included in the recording area 2. This point is different from the optical structure 1 of the second embodiment described above.
- the sizes of the plurality of diffraction areas 42 can be different. That is, the recording area 2 includes diffraction areas 42 of different sizes.
- the plurality of diffraction regions 42A aligned along the first arrangement direction D1 constitute one first row.
- the recording area 2 includes a plurality of first columns aligned in a second arrangement direction D2 orthogonal to the first arrangement direction D1.
- the area of the diffraction area 42A is smaller as the diffraction area 42A is disposed at a position where the distance from the outline of the recording area 2, that is, the outline of the refractive mirror area 41A is smaller.
- the plurality of diffraction regions 42A aligned along the second arrangement direction D2 constitute one second row.
- each diffraction area 42A is located on the first line in which the plurality of diffraction areas 42A are arranged along the first arrangement direction D1 and the second line on which the plurality of diffraction areas 42A are arranged along the second arrangement direction D2. It is located in The recording area 2 includes a plurality of second columns aligned along the first arrangement direction D1.
- the area of the diffraction region 42A gradually increases along the direction from the first end to the second end. In the example shown in FIG. 7, in each second row, the end located below the paper surface is the first end, and the end located above the paper surface than the first end is the second end .
- the recording area 2 includes areas having different degrees of compensation for chromatic dispersion in the refracting mirror area 41A by the diffracted light emitted from the diffraction area 42A.
- the diffraction region 42A disposed at a position where the distance from the recording region 2 is small (ie, the upper left of the paper surface)
- the area of the region 42A is small. Therefore, in the first row, the smaller the distance from the outline of the recording area 2 is, the smaller the degree to which the chromatic dispersion in the refracting mirror area 41A is compensated, and the larger the distance from the outline of the recording area 2
- the degree to which the chromatic dispersion in the region 41A is compensated is large. Therefore, in the first row, the color exhibited by the refractive mirror area 41A is gradually changed along the first arrangement direction D1 by gradually changing the degree of chromatic dispersion compensation along the first arrangement direction D1.
- the area of the diffraction region 42A is increased from the lower side to the upper side of the drawing. Therefore, in the second row, the degree to which the chromatic dispersion in the refractive mirror area 41A is compensated is smaller toward the lower side of the paper surface, and the degree to which the chromatic dispersion in the refractive mirror region 41A is compensated as the upper side on the paper surface. Therefore, in the second row, the color exhibited by the refractive mirror area 41A can be gradually changed by gradually changing the degree of chromatic dispersion compensation along the direction from the bottom to the top of the paper surface.
- the embossed surface further includes a plurality of diffractive regions located outside the refractive mirror region and along the contour of the refractive mirror region.
- the second modification will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
- the first diffraction area 42B1 is a diffraction area 42B in which the whole of the first diffraction area 42B1 in the circumferential direction is surrounded by the refractive mirror area 41B.
- the second diffraction area 42B2 is a diffraction area 42B in which a part of the second diffraction area 42B2 in the circumferential direction is surrounded by the refractive mirror area 41B.
- the third diffraction area 42B3 is a diffraction area 42B which is not surrounded by the refractive mirror area 41B.
- the recording area 2 is constituted by an area which does not protrude from the refractive mirror area 41B among the refractive mirror area 41B, the first diffraction area 42B1, and the second diffraction area 42B2. That is, the third diffraction area 42B3 is a diffraction area 42B located outside the recording area 2.
- Each first row extending along the first arrangement direction D1 includes at least two third diffraction regions 42B3 and a first diffraction region 42B1 sandwiched by the two third diffraction regions 42B3.
- the plurality of first rows includes a first row including a second diffraction region 42B2 in addition to the third diffraction region 42B3 and the first diffraction region 42B1.
- the first row including the second diffraction area 42B2 may include only one second diffraction area 42B2 or may include two second diffraction areas 42B2.
- the plurality of first diffraction regions 42B1 are sandwiched by the two second diffraction regions 42B2.
- the plurality of third diffraction regions 42B3 are spaced along the contour of the refractive mirror region 41B.
- each second row extending along the second arrangement direction D2 includes at least two third diffraction regions 42B3 and a first diffraction region 42B1 sandwiched by the two third diffraction regions 42B3.
- the plurality of second rows includes a second row including a second diffraction region 42B2 in addition to the third diffraction region 42B3 and the first diffraction region 42B1.
- the second row including the second diffraction area 42B2 may include only one second diffraction area 42B2 or may include two second diffraction areas 42B2.
- the plurality of first diffraction regions 42B1 are sandwiched by the two second diffraction regions 42B2.
- the area of the first diffraction area 42B1 is smaller as the distance from the outline of the recording area 2 is smaller.
- the area of the second diffraction area 42B2 is smaller than the area of the first diffraction area 42B1 adjacent to the second diffraction area 42B2, and the second diffraction area 42B2 Larger than the area of the third diffraction region 42B3 adjacent to.
- each second row the area of the diffraction region 42B gradually increases along the direction from the first end to the second end.
- the end located below the paper surface is the first end, and the end located above the paper surface than the first end is the second end .
- the third diffraction area 42B3 is located outside the recording area 2. Since the third diffraction area 42B3 is not surrounded by the refractive mirror area 41B, the light emitted from the third diffraction area 42B3 can not be used as the light that compensates for the chromatic dispersion in the refractive mirror area 41B. In other words, the light emitted from the third diffraction region 42B3 is not canceled by the light emitted from the refractive mirror region 41B.
- iridescent light originating from the third diffraction area 42B3 is emitted along the contour of the recording area 2 outside the recording area 2.
- light from the third diffraction area 42B3 is emitted along the contour of the recording area 2, and light beams having a plurality of specific colors dispersed for different wavelengths are emitted.
- Each first row and each second row may include only one third diffraction region 42B3. Further, in the second modification, the areas of all the diffraction regions 42B may be equal to one another.
- the second embodiment of the present invention can be modified as follows.
- the contour of each discrete diffraction area may not be circular. That is, as shown in FIG. 10A, the outline of the discrete diffraction area 42C may be a rhombus shape. In the example shown in FIG. 10A, the internal angle of the rhombus is 90 °, but the internal angle of the rhombus may not be 90 °.
- the outline of discrete diffraction area 42D may be triangle shape.
- the contour of the discrete diffraction area 42E may be square.
- the contour of the discrete diffraction area 42F may be trapezoidal.
- the contour of the diffraction region may be a parallelogram.
- the shape of the outline of discrete diffraction area 42A may be a different shape.
- the shapes of the contours of the discrete diffraction regions 42A may be the same shape or different in the direction of the shape, for example, the direction of the apex.
- the sizes of the plurality of discrete diffraction areas are changed, but the arrangement intervals of the plurality of discrete diffraction areas may be changed.
- FIG. 10 can be combined with the configuration of the first modification described above, and can also be combined with the configuration of the second modification described above.
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Abstract
Description
上記光学構造体において、前記局所構造の前記局所ミラー構造における傾斜ミラーの法線ベクトルの方位方向と前記局所回折構造の格子ベクトルの方位方向とがなす角が、10°以内であってもよい。
上記光学構造体において、前記局所構造の面積に対する前記局所回折構造の面積の百分率が、50%以下でもよい。
上記光学構造体において、前記エンボス面は、前記屈折ミラー領域よりも外側に、前記屈折ミラー領域の輪郭に沿って位置する複数の回折領域をさらに含んでもよい。
図1から図5を参照して、本発明の光学構造体の第1実施形態を説明する。
<光学構造体>
図1は、本発明の光学構造体の一例を概念的に示す平面図である。図2は、本発明の光学構造体の一例における断面構造を示す断面図である。図2は、図1におけるA-A線に沿った断面構造を示している。
(エンボス層20)
エンボス層20は、光透過性を有してもよい。エンボス層20は、透明または半透明であってよい。エンボス層20は、有色または無色とできる。エンボス層20を形成する母材は、樹脂とできる。母材の樹脂は、熱可塑樹脂または硬化樹脂とできる。未硬化の母材の樹脂は、可溶性とできる。未硬化の母材の樹脂を溶解する溶剤は、極性溶剤、非極性溶剤、両極性溶剤とできる。また、溶剤は、混合溶剤とできる。
光反射層21は、エンボス層20を透過した光を反射する層である。図1および図2に示す例では、光反射層21は、エンボス層20におけるエンボス面の全てを被覆している。光反射層21は、エンボス面の一部を被覆してもよい。
光学構造体1は、エンボス層20および光反射層21以外に、接着層22やその他の層を更に含んでいてもよい。接着層22は、カードや紙などに光学構造体1を接着して使用する場合に、光学構造体1に接着力を付与するために設けられる層である。上述したように、接着層22を、エンボス層20のエンボス面を被覆する光反射層21のなかで、エンボス層20に接する面とは反対側の面にコートすることができる。接着層22を形成するための材料は、感熱接着剤、感圧接着剤であってよい。
図1、図3、および、図4を参照して、記録領域2におけるエンボス記録体における局所構造5のコンフィギュレーションについて説明する。
図3が示す例では、局所構造5は、局所構造5ごとに異なる局所ミラー構造3の占める面積の比率を有し得る。また、局所構造5ごとに異なる局所回折構造4の占める面積の比率を有し得る。局所構造5ごとに局所ミラー構造3と、局所回折構造4の面積の比率が異なってもよい。光学構造体1の用途や、光学構造体1に表示させたい画像などに応じて、各局所構造5内に占める局所ミラー構造3の比率と、局所回折構造4の比率とは、任意に設定することができる。各局所構造5内において、局所回折構造4が占める比率は、10%以上50%以下とできる。言い換えれば、局所構造5の面積に対する局所回折構造4の面積の百分率は、10%以上50%以下とできる。
図2を参照して、記録領域2が備えるエンボス記録体について説明する。
図2が示すように、エンボス層20は、エンボス面と、エンボス面とは反対側の面である平坦面とを備えることができる。エンボス層20のエンボス面が有するエンボス記録体のうち、傾斜ミラーが整列する区域は、局所ミラー構造3となる。局所ミラー構造3は、マイクロ構造の局所的に平坦な傾斜したミラーである傾斜ミラーを複数備えている。傾斜ミラーは、エンボス層20のエンボス面に近似するベース平面に対して、所望の角度で傾いている。また、局所ミラー構造3の傾斜ミラーの法線ベクトルは、一定の方向とできる。そのため、局所ミラー構造3は、局所ミラー構造3に含まれる傾斜ミラーの法線ベクトルが一定の傾斜ミラーの単一体(Unity)とできる。局所ミラー構造3において、各傾斜ミラーは、規則的に配置することができる。各傾斜ミラーは、規則的なピッチで整列してもよい。局所ミラー構造3において、各傾斜ミラーが等ピッチで整列されてもよいし、不等ピッチで整列されてもよい。ただし、局所ミラー構造3のピッチが細かすぎると局所ミラー構造3において光の回折が発生する。これにより、意図しない色が観察者によって認識され易くなってしまう。そのため、光の回折が生じる程度に細かいピッチは、光学構造体1にはそぐわない。傾斜ミラーの整列するピッチは、1μm以上20μm以下とすることができる。局所ミラー構造3における傾斜ミラーのエンボス層の厚み方向の最大幅である傾斜ミラーの深さが第1深さ23である。第1深さ23は、局所ミラー構造3における回折を防止する観点や製造性の観点から、1μm以上20μm以下とすることができる。光学構造体1において、このような屈折ミラー構造によりエンボス記録体が構成される。
次に、光学構造体1において、色ずれが相殺される、言い換えれば色分散が補償される理由を説明する。まず、光源が光学構造体1の斜方にあり、かつ、観察者が光学構造体1の正面、言い換えれば、観察者がエンボス層20のエンボス面と対向する方向から光学構造体1を観察する場合を想定する。
次に、本発明の光学構造体1の製造方法を説明する。
エンボス層20を形成するための材料、すなわち、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリエチレン(PE)などは、エンボス層20を形成する方法に、押出し成型方法などに適用することができる。具体的には、所望の凹凸形状を有した冷却ロールの表面に溶融樹脂を接触させ、表面の凹凸形状を溶融樹脂に転写する。その後、溶融樹脂を冷却することによって溶融樹脂を固化させる。これにより、エンボス層20を形成することができる。冷却ロールの表面に形成する凹凸形状は、エンボス面の形状の雄型または雌型とできる。つまり、冷却ロールの表面に形成する凹凸形状は、エンボス記録体に記録されるエンボス形状により決定できる。言い換えれば、冷却ロールの表面に形成する凹凸形状は、局所ミラー構造3に含まれる傾斜ミラーの形状、整列状態、および、局所回折構造4に含まれる回折構造の形状と、局所構造のコンフィグレーションに応じて決定できる。
図6から図9を参照して、本発明の光学構造体の第2実施形態を説明する。第2実施形態は、第1実施形態と比べて、傾斜ミラーが配置される領域と、回折格子が配置される領域との関係が異なっている。そのため以下では、こうした相違点を詳しく説明する一方で、第2実施形態において第1実施形態と共通する構成には、第1実施形態と同一の符号を付すことによって、その詳しい説明を省略する。
本発明の第2実施形態の第1変形例において、各回折領域は、その回折領域と屈折ミラー領域の輪郭との間の距離が小さいほど、小さい面積を有する。以下、図8を参照して、第1変形例をより詳しく説明する。
本発明の第2実施形態の第2変形例において、エンボス面は、屈折ミラー領域よりも外側に、かつ、屈折ミラー領域の輪郭に沿って位置する複数の回折領域をさらに含む。以下、図9を参照して、第2変形例をより詳しく説明する。
本発明の第2実施形態は、以下のように変更することができる。
離散的な各回折領域の輪郭は、円状でなくてもよい。すなわち、図10(a)が示すように、離散的な回折領域42Cの輪郭は、菱形状でもよい。なお、図10(a)に示す例では、菱形の内角が90°であるが、菱形の内角は90°でなくてもよい。図10(b)が示すように、離散的な回折領域42Dの輪郭は、三角形状でもよい。図10(c)が示すように、離散的な回折領域42Eの輪郭は、正方形状でもよい。図10(d)が示すように、離散的な回折領域42Fの輪郭は、台形状でもよい。また、回折領域の輪郭は、平行四辺形状でもよい。なお、離散的な回折領域42Aの輪郭の形状は、異なる形状でもよい。また、離散的な回折領域42Aの輪郭の形状は、同一形状であっても、その形状の向き、例えば頂点の向きなどが異なってもよい。また、図9の例では、複数の離散的な回折領域の大きさを変えているが、複数の離散的な回折領域の配置間隔を変えてもよい。
Claims (9)
- 記録領域を含むエンボス面を有し、前記記録領域が凹凸構造を有するエンボス記録体を含む、エンボス層と、
前記記録領域の一部または全部を覆う光反射層と、を備え、
前記記録領域は、屈折ミラー領域と、前記屈折ミラー領域の近傍の回折領域とを含み、
前記屈折ミラー領域には、前記エンボス記録体を構成する複数の傾斜ミラーが整列し、前記回折領域は、回折構造を有し、
前記屈折ミラー領域は、複数の局所ミラー構造を有し、
前記回折領域は、複数の局所回折構造を有し、
前記局所回折構造と前記局所回折構造に近接する前記局所ミラー構造との各対が、1つの局所構造を形成し、
前記局所ミラー構造における傾斜ミラーの法線ベクトルの方位方向と前記局所回折構造の格子ベクトルの方位方向は、前記局所構造で同様であることにより、前記局所ミラー構造が、前記局所回折構造にカップル化され、
前記局所回折構造と、その局所回折構造にカップル化された前記局所ミラー構造とは分かれており、
前記局所回折構造の回折光と、その局所回折構造にカップル化された前記局所ミラー構造の反射光とは混じり合う
光学構造体。 - 前記局所ミラー構造と前記局所回折構造との中心間の距離は、10μm以上100μm以下である
請求項1に記載の光学構造体。 - 前記局所構造の前記局所ミラー構造における傾斜ミラーの法線ベクトルの方位方向と前記局所回折構造の格子ベクトルの方位方向とがなす角が、10°以内である
請求項1または2に記載の光学構造体。 - 前記局所ミラー構造の各傾斜ミラーは1μm以上の深さを有し、
前記回折構造は、0よりも高く114本/mm以下である空間周波数と、0.5μm以下である深さとを有する
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の光学構造体。 - 前記記録領域において、前記局所ミラー構造と前記局所回折構造とが市松模様状に配置されている
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の光学構造体。 - 前記局所構造の面積に対する前記局所回折構造の面積の百分率が、50%以下である
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の光学構造体。 - 前記回折領域は、前記記録領域に分散した複数の離散回折領域であり、
前記屈折ミラー領域は、前記複数の離散回折領域の間の領域を含む
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の光学構造体。 - 各回折領域は、その回折領域と前記屈折ミラー領域の輪郭との間の距離が小さいほど、小さい面積を有する
請求項7に記載の光学構造体。 - 前記エンボス面は、前記屈折ミラー領域よりも外側に、前記屈折ミラー領域の輪郭に沿って位置する複数の回折領域をさらに含む
請求項8に記載の光学構造体。
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