WO2019003406A1 - Instrument de mesure de rayonnement et dispositif d'imagerie radiographique - Google Patents

Instrument de mesure de rayonnement et dispositif d'imagerie radiographique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019003406A1
WO2019003406A1 PCT/JP2017/024086 JP2017024086W WO2019003406A1 WO 2019003406 A1 WO2019003406 A1 WO 2019003406A1 JP 2017024086 W JP2017024086 W JP 2017024086W WO 2019003406 A1 WO2019003406 A1 WO 2019003406A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
unit
bias voltage
radiation
measuring instrument
ionization chamber
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Application number
PCT/JP2017/024086
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
総一郎 柏
伸也 平澤
Original Assignee
株式会社島津製作所
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Application filed by 株式会社島津製作所 filed Critical 株式会社島津製作所
Priority to PCT/JP2017/024086 priority Critical patent/WO2019003406A1/fr
Priority to TW107112627A priority patent/TWI688374B/zh
Publication of WO2019003406A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019003406A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiation measuring instrument and a radiation imaging apparatus, and more particularly to a radiation measuring instrument and a radiation imaging apparatus provided with an ionization chamber.
  • a radiation measurement instrument equipped with an ionization chamber is known.
  • Such a radiation measuring instrument is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-54322.
  • JP-A-2014-54322 discloses an X-ray diagnostic apparatus including an X-ray generation unit that irradiates an X-ray to a subject, and an X-ray detection unit that detects an X-ray transmitted through the subject. .
  • the X-ray generation unit is provided with an X-ray irradiation unit that irradiates X-rays.
  • the X-ray irradiator includes an X-ray tube, an X-ray movable diaphragm, and a side portion of the dosimeter. The X-ray tube, the X-ray movable stop, and the side of the dosimeter are disposed in this order toward the subject.
  • the x-ray tube is configured to emit x-rays.
  • the X-ray movable stop unit is configured to set (squeeze) an irradiation area of X-rays irradiated from the X-ray tube.
  • the dosimeter side portion is configured to measure the energy (X dose) of the X-ray that has passed through the X-ray movable throttle unit.
  • a detector using an ionization chamber On the side of the dosimeter, for example, a detector using an ionization chamber is provided.
  • the ionization chamber is a container having metal plates (electrodes) of two conductors facing each other. A current flows between the two metal plates due to the ionization of the gas (such as air) between the two metal plates as a result of the radiation being incident on the ionization chamber. By measuring this current with a current measurement circuit, the dose of X-rays can be determined.
  • the stability check device is a device for confirming the stability (whether the value does not fluctuate or the like) and the normality of a circuit (a current measurement circuit or the like) provided in the area dosimeter.
  • the stability check device is provided with a current source (current source). Then, a current of a preset magnitude is generated from the current source according to the drive signal from the control circuit. The generated current is then flowed to the current measurement circuit.
  • the current measurement circuit measures the current flowed from the current source and converts the measurement result into dose information. Then, the control circuit determines whether the dose information converted by the current measurement circuit is within the range of a predetermined reference value. Then, when the dose information converted by the current measurement circuit is out of the range of the reference value, the control circuit determines that the circuit (such as the current measurement circuit) is not normal.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and one object of the present invention is a radiation measurement capable of performing stability check while suppressing increase in size and complexity. And a radiation imaging apparatus.
  • a radiation measurement instrument comprises an ionization chamber including a first electrode and a second electrode provided to face each other, and a first electrode and a second electrode.
  • the current measurement unit that measures the ionization current generated by irradiating the ionization chamber with radiation
  • a control unit that determines whether the measuring instrument main body including the ionization chamber, the bias voltage applying unit, and the current measuring unit is normal based on the charging current measured by the unit.
  • “charging current” flows when the charge accumulated in the first electrode and the second electrode is discharged with time by applying a bias voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. It means the total amount of current.
  • the ionization chamber flows based on the charging current measured by the current measurement unit while flowing into the ionization chamber when the bias voltage is applied.
  • a control unit is provided to determine whether the measuring instrument main unit including the unit and the current measuring unit is normal.
  • the stability check can be performed without separately providing a current source (current source).
  • the stability check can be performed while suppressing the increase in size and complexity.
  • a bias voltage is applied to the ionization chamber and it is judged based on the charging current measured by the current measurement unit whether or not the measuring instrument main unit is normal, in addition to the current measurement unit, the ionization chamber and bias voltage It is possible to determine whether the application is normal or not, including the application unit.
  • the control unit flows into the ionization chamber by applying a bias voltage, and the charging current measured by the current measuring unit, the first electrode and the second electrode It is comprised so that it may be judged whether a measuring device main part is normal based on the charge electric charge amount calculated
  • the charge amount of the ionization chamber can be easily calculated from the capacitance of the ionization chamber including the first electrode and the second electrode. Therefore, with the charging current measured by the current measuring unit, Based on the calculated capacitance of the ionization chamber, it can be easily determined whether the measuring instrument main body is normal or not.
  • the control unit determines that the difference between the first value based on the charging current measured by the current measuring unit and the second value calculated from the charge amount of the ionization chamber is a predetermined threshold. When the value is exceeded, it is configured to determine that the measuring instrument body is not normal. According to this structure, it can be easily judged whether the measuring instrument main body is normal or not based on the predetermined threshold value.
  • the control unit suspends the application of the bias voltage by the bias voltage application unit, and then, after the bias voltage application unit again performs switching between the first electrode and the second electrode. A bias voltage is applied between them to determine whether the measuring instrument main body is normal or not.
  • the application of the bias voltage is temporarily stopped to discharge the charges accumulated in the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the bias voltage is applied in a state in which no charge is accumulated in the first electrode and the second electrode, so that it is possible to accurately measure the charging current caused only by the application of the bias voltage.
  • the main body of the measuring instrument is normal or not due to the charge accumulated in the first electrode and the second electrode due to factors (such as ionization by radiation) other than the application of the bias voltage ( Misjudged) can be suppressed.
  • the radiation measuring instrument in the first aspect preferably further comprises an input unit for receiving an input for starting an operation to determine whether the measuring instrument main body is normal or not, and the control unit performs measurement from the input unit
  • the bias voltage application portion applies a bias voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the main body of the measuring device It is configured to determine whether or not it is normal.
  • a radiation imaging apparatus includes a radiation irradiating unit that irradiates radiation to a subject, a radiation detecting unit that detects radiation transmitted through the subject, and a radiation irradiating unit and a radiation detecting unit.
  • a radiation measuring instrument provided to measure the dose of radiation emitted from the radiation irradiating unit, the radiation measuring instrument comprising an ionization chamber having a first electrode and a second electrode provided to face each other;
  • a bias voltage application unit that applies a bias voltage between the electrode and the second electrode, a current measurement unit that measures an ionization current generated by irradiating the ionization chamber with radiation, and a bias voltage is applied Based on the charging current flowing into the ionization chamber and measured by the current measuring unit, it is determined whether the measuring instrument main unit including the ionization chamber, the bias voltage applying unit and the current measuring unit is normal. It includes a control unit.
  • the ionization chamber flows based on the charging current measured by the current measurement unit while flowing to the ionization chamber by the application of the bias voltage. It includes a control unit that determines whether the measuring instrument main unit including the unit and the current measuring unit is normal. Thus, it is possible to determine whether the measuring instrument main body is normal or not based on the charging current flowing due to the bias voltage applied to the ionization chamber by the bias voltage applying unit provided in advance in the radiation measuring instrument. As a result, the stability check can be performed without separately providing a current source. Thus, it is possible to provide a radiation imaging apparatus capable of performing a stability check while suppressing an increase in size and complexity.
  • a bias voltage is applied to the ionization chamber and it is judged based on the charging current measured by the current measurement unit whether or not the measuring instrument main unit is normal, in addition to the current measurement unit, the ionization chamber and bias voltage It is possible to provide a radiation imaging apparatus that can determine whether it is normal or not by including an application unit.
  • the stability check can be performed while suppressing the increase in size and complexity.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 includes an X-ray irradiator 2.
  • the X-ray irradiation unit 2 is configured to irradiate the subject 6 with X-rays.
  • the X-ray irradiation unit 2 includes an X-ray tube 21.
  • the X-ray tube 21 is configured to generate X-rays.
  • the X-ray irradiation unit 2 includes a collimator 22.
  • the collimator 22 is configured to narrow the range of the X-ray flux that is generated from the X-ray tube 21 and spreads in a conical shape.
  • the collimator 22 narrows the range of the X-ray flux so as to conform to the shape (rectangular shape) of a flat panel detector 3 that detects X-rays.
  • the X-ray irradiator 2 is an example of the “radiation irradiator” in the claims.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 includes an FPD 3 that detects X-rays transmitted through the subject 6.
  • the FPD 3 is disposed below the subject 6 (the side opposite to the X-ray irradiation unit 2 side of the subject 6).
  • the FPD 3 is an example of the “radiation detection unit” in the claims.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 includes an X-ray measuring instrument 4.
  • the X-ray measuring instrument 4 is provided between the X-ray irradiator 2 and the FPD 3. Specifically, the X-ray measurement device 4 is provided below the collimator 22 (X-ray radiation port on the opposite side of the collimator 22 from the X-ray tube 21 side, see FIG. 2). Then, the X-ray measurement device 4 is configured to measure the dose of the X-ray irradiated from the X-ray irradiation unit 2. In detail, the X-ray measurement device 4 is configured to measure an area dose of X-rays generated by the X-ray tube 21 and irradiated to the subject 6 through the collimator 22.
  • the X-ray measurement device 4 is used to manage the exposure dose of the subject 6.
  • area dose means the total dose of the irradiation surface where X-ray is irradiated, and a unit is "Gy * m ⁇ 2 >.”
  • the X-ray measurement device 4 is an example of the “radiation measurement device” in the claims.
  • the X-ray irradiator 2 and the X-ray measuring instrument 4 are supported by the support 5.
  • the X-ray irradiator 2 and the X-ray measuring instrument 4 supported by the support 5 are configured to be movable relative to the subject 6.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 includes a top 7.
  • the top 7 is configured such that the subject 6 lies on the surface of the top 7.
  • the X-ray measurement device 4 includes an air ionization chamber 41 and a measurement substrate 42.
  • the measurement substrate 42 is provided with a current measurement unit 43, a bias voltage application unit 44, and a control unit 45.
  • the air ionization chamber 41, the current measuring unit 43, and the bias voltage applying unit 44 constitute a measuring instrument main unit 46.
  • the air ionization chamber 41 is an example of the “ionization chamber” in the claims.
  • the air ionization chamber 41 includes a box-like housing 41a.
  • the housing 41a is formed of, for example, a resin or the like.
  • the air ionization chamber 41 includes an incident side electrode 41 b and an emission side electrode 41 c which are provided to face each other.
  • the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c are made of, for example, a transparent electrode such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
  • the incident side electrode 41b is provided on the upper surface side of the housing 41a
  • the emission side electrode 41c is provided on the lower surface side of the housing 41a.
  • the air ionization chamber 41 (housing 41a) is configured not to seal.
  • the incident side electrode 41 b and the emitting side electrode 41 c are examples of the “first electrode” and the “second electrode” in the claims respectively.
  • the bias voltage application unit 44 is configured to apply a bias voltage between the incident side electrode 41 b and the outgoing side electrode 41 c.
  • the bias voltage is a voltage applied to make the electric field (potential difference) between the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c substantially constant.
  • the bias voltage application unit 44 is configured to apply a negative voltage (for example, -300 V) to the emission side electrode 41c.
  • the current measurement unit 43 is configured to measure an ionization current generated by irradiating the air ionization chamber 41 with X-rays.
  • the current measurement unit 43 is connected to the incident side electrode 41b.
  • the current measurement unit 43 includes an IV conversion unit 43a, an amplifier 43b, a VF conversion unit 43c, and a counter 43d. Then, the current (It) flowing from the incident side electrode 41b is converted into a voltage (V) by the IV converter 43a. The voltage (V) converted by the IV converter 43a is amplified (V ') by the amplifier 43b.
  • the voltage (V ') amplified by the amplifier 43b is converted by the V-F converter 43c into a pulse of a frequency proportional to the voltage.
  • the pulse converted by the V-F converter 43c is counted by the counter 43d.
  • a value corresponding to the magnitude of the current flowing from the incident side electrode 41 b (a value corresponding to the total amount of current, hereinafter, a first count value) is output from the counter 43 d.
  • the first count value is an example of the “first value” in the claims.
  • the control unit 45 applies air to the air ionization chamber 41 based on the charging current measured by the current measuring unit 43 while being supplied with the bias voltage. It is comprised so that it may be judged whether the measuring device main-body part 46 containing the ionization chamber 41, the electric current measurement part 43, and the bias voltage application part 44 is normal. Specifically, the control unit 45 flows to the air ionization chamber 41 by applying a bias voltage, and also includes the charging current measured by the current measuring unit 43, and the air including the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c. Based on the charge amount obtained from the capacitance of the ionization chamber 41, it is determined whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not.
  • a bias voltage is applied between the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c from a state where no bias voltage is applied between the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c. Then, negative charge is accumulated in the emission side electrode 41c, and positive charge is accumulated in the incidence side electrode 41b. Thereafter, the bias voltage is stopped, whereby a current flows between the incident side electrode 41 b and the outgoing side electrode 41 c. As shown in FIG. 7, this current increases rapidly immediately after applying a bias voltage, and then gradually decreases and eventually ceases to flow.
  • the charging current means the total amount of current which starts to flow after applying the bias voltage and then stops flowing. Specifically, the charging current corresponds to the area indicated by hatching in FIG.
  • the time during which the bias voltage is applied is a time sufficient to charge the capacitor formed by the incident side electrode 41 b and the outgoing side electrode 41 c.
  • the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c of the air ionization chamber 41 are arranged to face each other at a predetermined distance, a capacitor is formed by the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c. Ru.
  • V is a bias voltage.
  • the count value hereinafter referred to as a second count value counted by the counter 43d is calculated. Be done.
  • the charge amount (Q) is calculated in advance by the user, and stored in a storage unit (not shown) or the like.
  • the second count value is an example of the “second value” in the claims.
  • the control unit 45 controls the first count value based on the charging current measured by the current measuring unit 43 and the second count value calculated from the charge amount of the air ionization chamber 41.
  • a predetermined threshold value it is determined that the measuring instrument main body 46 is not normal.
  • the predetermined threshold is a value of ⁇ 2% of the second count value.
  • the operation of the measuring instrument main unit 46 is unstable because the difference between the first count value and the second count value is unstable, for example, when the measuring instrument main unit 46 is not normal.
  • the bias voltage applying unit 44 may have a defect (a bias voltage can not be applied, etc.).
  • the control unit 45 after the control unit 45 temporarily stops the application of the bias voltage by the bias voltage application unit 44, the control unit 45 causes the bias voltage application unit 44 again to between the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c.
  • a bias voltage is applied to determine whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not. That is, the application of the bias voltage by the bias voltage application unit 44 is once stopped, and after the charges accumulated in the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c are discharged, the bias voltage application unit 44 applies the bias voltage again. Is started. Further, the length of time during which the bias voltage is stopped is equal to or longer than the time sufficient for discharging the charge accumulated in the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c.
  • the X-ray measuring device 4 receives an input for starting an operation (stability check) for determining whether the measuring device main unit 46 is normal or not.
  • the part 47 is provided.
  • the input unit 47 includes, for example, a push button switch or a liquid crystal touch panel.
  • the control unit 45 receives from the input unit 47 an instruction to start the operation to determine whether the measuring instrument main unit 46 is normal or not, the bias voltage application unit 44 causes the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c. And a bias voltage is applied between them. Then, the control unit 45 is configured to determine whether the measuring instrument main body unit 46 is normal.
  • the stability check is performed, for example, after activation of the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 and before actual imaging starts (once a day).
  • control unit 45 the operation of the X-ray measurement instrument 4 (control unit 45) will be described with reference to FIG.
  • step S1 it is determined whether an input from the input unit 47 by the user (an input for starting a stability check) has been performed. If it is determined in step S1 that the input from the input unit 47 has been performed, the process proceeds to step S2. The operation of step S1 is continuously performed until an input is performed from the input unit 47. In step S1, it is assumed that the bias voltage application unit 44 applies a bias voltage.
  • step S2 the application of the bias voltage by the bias voltage application unit 44 is temporarily stopped. As a result, the charge accumulated in the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c is discharged. Note that the discharge of charge is naturally performed without using a mechanism for discharge.
  • step S3 the bias voltage application unit 44 applies a bias voltage between the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c again.
  • the bias voltage is applied for a fixed period.
  • step S4 the current measuring unit 43 measures the current flowing to the air ionization chamber 41 by applying the bias voltage.
  • step S5 measurement is performed based on the charge current measured by the current measurement unit 43 and the charge amount obtained from the capacitance of the air ionization chamber 41 including the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c. It is determined whether the container body 46 is normal or not.
  • the air ionization chamber 41, the current measurement unit 43, and the bias are supplied to the air ionization chamber 41 by the application of the bias voltage and based on the charging current measured by the current measurement unit 43.
  • the control unit 45 determines whether the measuring instrument main unit 46 including the voltage application unit 44 is normal.
  • the stability check can be performed without separately providing a current source (current source). Thereby, the stability check can be performed while suppressing the increase in size and complexity.
  • the control unit 45 flows to the air ionization chamber 41 by applying a bias voltage, and the charging current measured by the current measurement unit 43, the incident side electrode 41b, and the like. It is configured to determine whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not based on the charge amount obtained from the capacitance of the air ionization chamber 41 including the emission side electrode 41c. As a result, the charge amount of the air ionization chamber 41 can be easily calculated from the capacitance of the air ionization chamber 41 including the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c. Based on the charging current and the calculated capacitance of the air ionization chamber 41, it can be easily determined whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not.
  • control unit 45 calculates the second count value calculated from the first count value based on the charging current measured by the current measuring unit 43 and the charge amount of the air ionization chamber 41.
  • a predetermined threshold value it is determined that the measuring instrument main body 46 is not normal. Thereby, based on the predetermined threshold value, it can be easily determined whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not.
  • the control unit 45 temporarily stops the application of the bias voltage by the bias voltage application unit 44 and then again performs the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode by the bias voltage application unit 44. It is configured to apply a bias voltage between it and 41c to determine whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not. As a result, the application of the bias voltage is temporarily stopped, and the charges accumulated in the incident side electrode 41 b and the emission side electrode 41 c are discharged. As a result, since a bias voltage is applied in a state where charges are not accumulated in the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c, it is possible to accurately measure the charging current caused only by the application of the bias voltage. it can.
  • the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not due to the electric charge accumulated due to factors (such as ionization by radiation) other than the application of the bias voltage to the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c. Can be suppressed.
  • the bias voltage application unit A bias voltage is applied between the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c by 44 to determine whether the measuring instrument main body 46 is normal or not.
  • this invention is not limited to this.
  • the present invention may be applied to a radiation measuring instrument of a radiation imaging apparatus which irradiates the subject 6 with radiation (such as ⁇ -rays) other than X-rays.
  • the X-ray measuring instrument 4 is provided with the input unit 47 that receives an input for starting an operation to determine whether the measuring instrument main unit 46 is normal or not.
  • the invention is not limited to this.
  • the input unit 47 may be provided in an external device connected to the X-ray measurement instrument 4.
  • the bias voltage application unit 44 may apply a negative bias voltage other than -300 V or may apply a positive bias voltage.
  • the measuring instrument main body unit based on the difference between the first count value counted by the counter 43 d of the current measurement unit 43 and the second count value calculated based on the capacitance, the measuring instrument main body unit Although the example in which it is judged whether 46 is normal was shown, this invention is not limited to this. For example, based on the comparison between the charging current (total amount) measured by the current measuring unit 43 and the amount of current obtained from the electrostatic capacitance (charging charge amount), it is determined whether the measuring instrument main unit 46 is normal or not. May be
  • the incident side electrode 41b and the output side electrode 41c are comprised from a transparent electrode
  • this invention is not limited to this.
  • the incident side electrode 41b and the emission side electrode 41c may be configured of non-transparent electrodes.
  • the processing of the X-ray imaging apparatus of the present invention has been described using a flow drive type flowchart that sequentially performs processing along the processing flow, but the present invention is limited to this Absent.
  • the processing operation may be performed by event-driven (event-driven) processing that executes processing in units of events.
  • the operation may be completely event driven, or the combination of event driving and flow driving may be performed.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un instrument de mesure de rayonnement (4) comportant une unité de commande (45) pour déterminer si un corps principal d'instrument de mesure (46), qui comprend une chambre d'ionisation (41), une unité de mesure de courant (43) et une unité d'application de tension de polarisation (44), est normal ou non, sur la base d'un courant de charge qui circule à travers la chambre d'ionisation (41) suite à l'application d'une tension de polarisation, et est mesuré par l'unité de mesure de courant (43).
PCT/JP2017/024086 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Instrument de mesure de rayonnement et dispositif d'imagerie radiographique WO2019003406A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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PCT/JP2017/024086 WO2019003406A1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Instrument de mesure de rayonnement et dispositif d'imagerie radiographique
TW107112627A TWI688374B (zh) 2017-06-30 2018-04-12 放射線測量器及放射線攝影裝置

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50153980A (fr) * 1974-06-03 1975-12-11
JPH0527040A (ja) * 1991-07-17 1993-02-05 Toshiba Corp 放射線計測装置
JPH11317191A (ja) * 1998-03-17 1999-11-16 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv 電離箱を有する放射線測定装置
JP2014149292A (ja) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-21 General Electric Co <Ge> 拡張された温度範囲にわたって動作する低漏れ電流のソリッドステートリセットおよび範囲変更を備えたワイドダイナミックレンジ双方向統合型電位計

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50153980A (fr) * 1974-06-03 1975-12-11
JPH0527040A (ja) * 1991-07-17 1993-02-05 Toshiba Corp 放射線計測装置
JPH11317191A (ja) * 1998-03-17 1999-11-16 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv 電離箱を有する放射線測定装置
JP2014149292A (ja) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-21 General Electric Co <Ge> 拡張された温度範囲にわたって動作する低漏れ電流のソリッドステートリセットおよび範囲変更を備えたワイドダイナミックレンジ双方向統合型電位計

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TW201904519A (zh) 2019-02-01

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