WO2019002209A1 - Marquage et identification isotopiques des animaux et végétaux - Google Patents
Marquage et identification isotopiques des animaux et végétaux Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019002209A1 WO2019002209A1 PCT/EP2018/066959 EP2018066959W WO2019002209A1 WO 2019002209 A1 WO2019002209 A1 WO 2019002209A1 EP 2018066959 W EP2018066959 W EP 2018066959W WO 2019002209 A1 WO2019002209 A1 WO 2019002209A1
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- farm
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- animals
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K11/00—Marking of animals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the marking of animals and plants. It relates in particular to a method of isotopic identification of an animal or a plant and its by-products, and a method for imposing a unique code for this animal or plant, and its by-products.
- the invention finally relates to an information recording medium and an electronic calculator for the implementation of such a method.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method making it possible to impose in a safe and reproducible manner a unique code on an animal or a plant and its by-products, making it possible to know its origin, and this preferably with a precision up to 'at its place of breeding or cultivation.
- One of its aims is to provide an assigned unique code that allows for traceability at different levels of granularity, eg from the farm or farm, or much finer, such as species or varieties, type of production, and optionally , batch dating or production cycle.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a safe and reproducible identification method of an animal or a plant and its by-products, making it possible to know its origin, and this preferably with a precision going as far as at its place of breeding or cultivation.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide such methods adapted to the management of several or many farms or places of culture, and preferably without limitation in the number of farms and places of culture.
- Another objective is to provide such methods that are economically viable.
- All these codes can be registered in the model (M), preferably housed in an electronic calculator or the like.
- Each unique code corresponds to the isotopic signature of the animal or plant at the time of slaughter or harvest respectively. This code no longer varies after slaughter or harvesting, and therefore also marks the products from the animals and plants thus marked. The effect of metabolism, absorption, accumulation or elimination of markers is stopped at slaughter or harvest.
- the invention takes into account the important points that are the moment of the marking cycle (that is to say the diet under an isotopic diet) and its duration. This code is the result of an isotope diet determined by the model (M) and applied by the farmer or the farmer according to the guidelines given by the model.
- the model (M) takes into account the rate of accumulation (TA) of the elements and / or isotopes in the animal or plant according to the feeding or watering regime. with this isotopic power supply.
- feeding regime is meant in particular the duration of feeding of animals or watering plants with the isotopic diet, and the feeding period or periods with this isotopic diet. It can for example be made over a single period or several periods, for example 2 or 3. It can be performed just before slaughter or harvest, or more upstream.
- This code can also integrate the so-called major markers which have a variability according to the cycles and in particular the composition of the diet.
- the parameters may have been previously determined by testing on a population of that farm or subset, or that farm or field.
- the choice of the elements and their isotopes, and their respective ratios that the Model (M) determines for each farm or subset, or for each farm or field is based on the prior knowledge of this here we call the basal geochemical signature (SGB) of the farm or subset, or farm or field.
- SGB basal geochemical signature
- the model (M) can advantageously integrate the ability to define an isotopic feed for imposing said unique code, by varying the stable isotopes of elements present in the GBS and their concentrations or ratios.
- the (M) model will do this in the most minimalist way and taking into account the price, isotope production mode / level of enrichment / isotope strategy depending on the markets, and / or the availability of isotopes so that the price of isotopic food is as low as possible. All these features apply to the objects of the invention defined in more detail below.
- This model (M) may furthermore make it possible, where appropriate, to connect a farmed animal or a product of an animal to a specific breeding or subset of breeding, or a plant or a product of a plant on a farm or a determined field, by analysis of stable isotope ratios or ratios, which makes it possible to determine a concentration or ratio profile of these stable isotopes, in particular by mass spectrometry, and to compare with the unique registered codes in the model (M).
- Some elements and their isotopic distribution (stable isotope ratios C, H, O, N, S) vary during the year, for example depending on food or water inputs.
- the invention also makes it possible to determine the production cycle of the animal or plant, from a sample thereof.
- the meaning of the invention is meant, in particular, by by-product, all that is derived from the animal or plant. It may in particular be a raw piece (for example including flesh and / or bone and / or skin, eg half-rooster, turkey or chicken leg, etc.), cut and isolated parts (for example flesh , organs, skin, bones, nails, hair, feathers, eggshell, flower, stem, etc.), products derived from animals or plants (eg eggs, fruits, seeds, etc.).
- the method according to the invention can be applied to an animal intended for slaughter, but not only.
- the method can also be used to monitor animals that are not intended for slaughter, such as sporting animals or work animals (horses, donkeys, mules, camels, camels, etc.) or animals. company (dogs, cats).
- the method can also be used for monitoring valuable plants, for example aged trees or plants from noble breeding, such as roses, orchids, etc.
- the object of the invention is in particular an isotopic identification method and a method for imposing a unique code, as well as an electronic calculator.
- the isotope identification method makes it possible, where appropriate, to connect a farmed animal or an animal product to a breeding or a specific breeding subset, or to a plant or a product of a plant to a farm or a determined field, by analysis of stable concentrations or stable isotope ratios, may include in particular: a- in a sample derived from the animal / plant or from the product of an animal / plant to be identified, the measurement concentrations (C2) or ratios (R2) of stable isotopes, then obtaining a profile of concentrations or ratios of these stable isotopes, in particular by mass spectrometry, b- comparison of this profile with profiles stored in a predefined model (M) containing in the memory profiles in the form of unique codes each specific to a breeding or subset of breeding or to a farm or field, each unique code having been previously generated by the model (M) and uniquely applied the animals of a farm or a subset of a farm or the plants of a farm or
- M predefined
- the concentration or ratios of one or more, preferably all, of the stable isotopes of the following chemical elements are measured: at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, preferably all of the following elements: Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V , Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I , Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Hg, Ti, Pb, Si,
- the predefined model (M) comprises the unique livestock or farm codes or fields, defined by the concentration or ratios of one or more, preferably all of the stable isotopes of the following chemical elements such as they can be measured at the time of slaughter / harvest in the animals of these farms / plants of these farms or fields:
- this unique code for a farm or a farm or field has been determined by the predefined model (M), and imposed on farm animals or farm or field vegetables by the distributed isotope feed so that this code is integrated by the animal at the time of slaughter or the plant at the time of harvest.
- M predefined model
- all the farms or farms or fields produce animals / plants having this unique code and the model M has in memory all the unique codes generated at a given time.
- the imposed variations of certain isotopes is also regulated by the feeding or water supply regime, preferably on a continuous or fractional subperiod of a period or cycle of rearing or rearing. culture, designed to lead to the unique code for slaughter or harvesting.
- step a- comprises, for each chemical element, the determination of the variations of one or more stable minor isotopes with respect to the most abundant.
- the concentrations or ratios of isotopes are measured by mass spectrometry (MS).
- MS mass spectrometry
- ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- plasma source mass spectrometry and multi-collection mass spectrometry or isotope ratio mass spectrometry, or IRMS, or any other identify and measure the elements and their stable isotopes, with their concentrations or ratios, for example expressed as ratios of the minor stable isotope (s) to the most abundant stable isotope in the sample.
- LA-ICP / MS laser ablation coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- LA-ICP / MS laser-induced plasma spectroscopy
- LIBS Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
- the method may in particular comprise the use of a programmable electronic calculator, provided with a programmable logic unit, an information recording medium and a data exchange interface connected to each other by a data bus. internal data.
- the electronic computer may also include a human-machine interface.
- the method may therefore comprise the acquisition, by the electronic computer, of the concentration (C2) or ratio (R2) values, in particular as measured by SM, forming the isotopic signature of an animal, a plant or a plant. a product from this animal or plant, which one wants to know if it comes from a breeding, a subset of a breeding, or from a farm or field whose unique code is known or registered in the electronic calculator, and, if necessary, to know the exact origin.
- the computer can therefore also perform the comparison between the data acquired by the computer and the unique registered codes that it has in memory.
- the calculator can then determine by this comparison whether or not the acquired profile corresponds to a single registered code and, in the first case, to issue the identity of the breeding or rearing subset, or the farm or field, or conclude that there is no match.
- each newly created unique code is defined in a range of values, or the calculator contains instructions for applying a certain level of variability, for each isotopic element, which takes into account in particular metabolism or metabolism. accumulation of markers by a species or variety. Hence the presence in the calculator of data related to the species. Generally, we can consider that metabolism or accumulation of markers is approximately 15-20% via ingestion by water (liquid) and about 30-40% via animal feed (solid feed).
- the quantities of isotopes ingested daily may for example be understood in particular for poultry between 1 per 1000 and 50 per thousand, eg 30 per thousand compared to the target values finally measured. More precise data can be generated and recorded in the computer, these data being able to come from experimentation, in particular experimentation on the place of the breeding or the culture.
- the term "substantially” used here takes into account this variability, simply the method of the invention allows a variability that does not question the generation of a single code (with the isotope isotope variations), nor the ability to compare effectively a measured signature in a sample and a unique code.
- the determination of a code for a farm or a culture takes into account these variabilities to define a reliable unique code.
- “Significantly” can mean, for example, a difference of at most 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5 or 0.1% for the concentration or ratio.
- the invention makes it possible to identify the origin of products derived from animals and plants, provided that these animals and plants are part of the breeding and culture management program of the present invention. In animal matters, this traceability can be used both on whole animals and on parts of animals, for example flesh, bones, skin, organs, etc., as has been explained above.
- the calculator is also programmed to identify the breeding cycle or the slaughter date, or the crop cycle or the date of harvest.
- the measurement of major and their isotopes (C, H, O, N, S, preferably all) in food and / or water at each cycle, which vary from cycle to cycle due to variations in food and in water, are recorded cycle after cycle in the recording medium of the computer, and the computer is programmed to be able to compare the values of these major in a sample of the animal or plant, and to make the link with major values between different cycles recorded in the recording medium.
- the method for imposing a unique code specific to the animals of a farm or a subset of a farm, or to the plants of a farm or field, including including the products, in particular food products, derived from these animals or plants, this method being adapted to the implementation of the aforementioned isotopic identification method, may comprise in particular: i- analysis of the stable isotope abundance of several elements (a) in the water of the farm and / or in the food brought to the farm and / or the soil and / or in organic samples breeding animals (black or white flesh, organ, skin and / or bone) of farm animals from at least one rearing cycle, or (b) in the water of and / or the soil and / or in the plant of at least one cycle of culture, one thus obtains the basal geochemical signature (SGB) of the breeding or the subset of breeding, or the farm or field,
- SGB basal geochemical signature
- 2-the selection of several elements having stable isotopes among those present in the GBS, is provided to the animals or plants of this cycle or cycles of breeding or subsequent culture, an isotopic diet comprising a determined abundance (eg isotope ratios) of the same element) stable isotopes of the selected elements, this abundance being calculated taking into account the rate of accumulation (TA) of these animals or plants, thanks to which it is conferred at the time of the slaughter of the animal or the harvest of the plant and taking into account the SGB of the breeding or the culture, a unique code to the animals or plants of this breeding, respectively culture.
- TA rate of accumulation
- one or more isotopes, or one or more isotopes can be enriched, or enrichment and depletion combined, than an unmodified diet would provide to animals or plants in a given cycle.
- step i the abundance of stable isotopes of several elements in the flesh, skin and / or bones of livestock, or in the tissues of the plants (stem, leaf, etc.) is analyzed. and / or seeds), thus obtaining the SGB or an element of the GBS of the breeding or the culture.
- step i the abundance of stable isotopes of several elements in the water and the feed used for the consumption of the animals is analyzed, thereby obtaining GBS or a GBS element of the animal. breeding or breeding sub-group.
- the concentration of isotopes in animals and plants is also related to the place of breeding or cultivation, by the contributions of soil and available water.
- food and water are analyzed in concentration or ratios of isotopes at each cycle of culture and culture.
- control tests are carried out on animals or plants, in order to verify the presence of the isotopes that have been chosen to vary, as well as their concentration or ratios.
- the GBS may correspond substantially to the isotopic signature of an animal or a plant from the farm or farm, fed in the traditional way to livestock or farm, so without intervention of isotopic food or imposed isotopic variations.
- Animals are likely to have uncontrolled or non-isotopic food, so plants may receive uncontrolled or non-isotopic water.
- One or more regular analyzes for example 1 per cycle, in concentration
- the model (via the calculator) can take into account the variations observed, it can judge them insignificant to obtain the unique code, or it can decide to make a correction, for example to modify the code.
- a period is defined during which the animals receive isotopic feeding, so as to obtain, at the time of slaughter, animals having acquired the unique unique code of the breeding or the -assembly of breeding.
- This period is advantageously a fraction of the breeding or cultivation cycle. This period is sufficient for the unique code to be present at the time of slaughter or harvest. If one wants to give figures, said period represents in time preferably less than 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 or 1/6 of the breeding or cultivation cycle.
- This unique code is a set of concentrations or stable isotope ratios of a number, sufficient and representative, of the elements mentioned above in 3 lists.
- certain elements and their isotopic distribution are associated with location and / or cycle identification functions.
- some elements and their isotopic variations are related to a coarse geographic location (eg regional), others to a fine localization (eg livestock or farm, parcels, etc.), others to the cycle of breeding or cultivation (particularly knowledge of isotopic ratios of food and water inputs).
- some elements and their isotopic ratios are markers whose variation is imposed for the finalization of the unique code.
- Natural isotopy allows regional geolocation. It is generally based on analyzes of the so-called major (C, H, O, N, S) and the interpretation of isotopic ratios made from a suitable analytical instrument, preferably of the IRMS type. . Concentrations or ratios of the isotopes of these adults are preferably measured, for the 5, or at least 2, 3 or 4 of them. In one embodiment, therefore, a regional geolocation is carried out from these major, in the conditions just described.
- Sr, B and Li are trace elements, markers of soil and water, and found in animals or plants in specific concentrations and ratios. Preferably, the concentrations or ratios of these 3 elements are also measured.
- Ca, Na, Mg, K, F, P and Cl are major trace elements brought by food and water. Preferably, it is chosen not to vary their concentrations or ratios in order to retain their ability to give or mark a fine geographical location, such as Sr, B and Li, or in combination with these. Therefore, it is also possible to measure their concentrations or ratios in isotopes.
- the elements As, Pb and Cd can also be used in the same way, by determining their concentration or the ratios of their stable isotopes. So we can combine at least two or three groups of elements.
- isotopes are chosen especially from Be, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Hg, Ti, Si; optionally also from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.
- it is chosen to vary the ratios of isotopes whose elements are present naturally in animals or plants of the farm or farm.
- the adults can also be production markers, in the sense that their isotopic ratios vary with food and water, depending on the time of year and composition variations. food and water in the year. In one embodiment, ratios in food and water are measured or known for each cycle of culture or culture, as well as their impact on the isotopic signature of the animal at slaughter or plant at harvest.
- This element of the signature provided by C, H, O, N and S then allows, on analysis of the animal, plant or by-products, to go up (in addition to the geographical origin, from the farm or the breeding), until the cycle of breeding or culture, and more precisely the date of slaughter or harvest.
- the method comprises, during a breeding or cultivation cycle, at least one isotope feeding analysis, namely water and / or food, to detect a possible variation of the abundance of stable isotopes of the selected elements.
- the method comprises the use of an electronic calculator in which are recorded the unique codes specific to other farms or subsets of farms, or other farms or fields, previously determined and recorded.
- the programmable electronic computer is preferably provided with a programmable logic unit, an information recording medium and a data exchange interface connected to each other by an internal data bus.
- the electronic computer may also include a human-machine interface.
- the data measured to establish the GBS of the farm or subset of livestock, or the farm or field concerned are entered in the Calculator, the latter, by its programmable logic unit, being able to determine the SGB or geochemical passport, which establishes the baseline of reference for a given site.
- the computer stores the TA data of the animals of the farm or subset, or plants, in particular according to the rearing conditions, respectively culture, and preferably has calculating means for establishing a correlation between a variation in the abundance of isotope elements and the feeding regime with isotope feeding, to obtain the unique code at the time of the felling, respectively of the harvest.
- the TA is dependent on the amount of feed (solid and / or liquid) absorbed by the animals or plants during their life cycle or growth and the rate of metabolism or absorption, and this, the calculator can take into account for normal feeding and for isotope feeding.
- the computer stores the SGB of the farm or its subset or the farm or field.
- the calculator can calculate and propose to the user a variation of isotope abundance to define the isotopic diet and the feeding regime with this isotopic diet (ie duration and calendar compared to the date of slaughter or harvest) to confer on animals of the breeding or subset of breeding the unique code specific to the time of the slaughter, respectively to the plants the unique unique code at the time of the harvest.
- the calculator integrates the geochemical passport assigned to each farm or farm, it contains in particular all the geochemical passports of the farms or farms on which the model has been deployed.
- Each passport is stored in the database and can be modified to update or add complements.
- This passport consists in particular of the SGB, and can include additional elements, the designation of the species, the subspecies, the variety, isotopic variations during the different cycles of breeding or culture, variations for example related during the season, especially with isotopic variations in the water supply or watering, the rain regime, the qualification bio ("organic”) or not, the practices of breeding or cultivation, in general all the elements referring to a given site. All these data can be consulted and some of them can be included as variables in the definition of a diet and isotopic diet to give the unique code at the time of slaughter or harvest, despite variations seasonal or other variable elements.
- the calculator operates during the characterization phase. It determines the isotopic abundance variations required to introduce the unique code for the targeted site / farm. If there is a significant change in the analysis of water or animal feed or soil in terms of concentration, the calculator can also be used to recalculate the abundance changes of the required isotopes, to obtain the unique code. These variations are however minimal and a difference between 1 per 1000 to 3 per 1000 can be made.
- the computer knows (the user having recorded these data) and takes into account one or more, preferably all of the following variables:
- the unique code integrates an isotopic signature of several rare elements, in particular at least 5, 8, 12, preferably all of the following elements: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Dg, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.
- the unique code integrates an isotopic signature of one or more elements, in particular at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, preferably all of the elements Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Hg, Ti, Pb, Si.
- This signature element is particularly related to the identity of the breeding or its subset, or the farm or field, and possibly the animal or plant species.
- the unique code integrates an isotopic signature of the elements C, O, N, H, S, which is particularly related to the feed (solid and / or liquid).
- the unique code comprises these three isotopic signatures.
- the unique code comprises stable concentrations or ratios of major element isotopes, namely C, O, H, N and / or S, obtained after measuring concentrations (C3) or ratios ( R3) of these isotopes in the diet and correction by the rate of accumulation in the animal or plant considered.
- the elements (C, H, O, N and S) are the so-called major elements.
- Their rate may notably vary from one cycle to another in a year, and this variation can be known (concentrations are measured in batches of food or in water) and taken into account in the unique code, allowing traceability to different levels of granularity, eg from the farm or farm, or much finer, such as species or varieties, type of production, and even lot (production cycle).
- the calculator may also include data on the concentrations (C3) or ratios (R3) of the major isotopes (C, H, O, N and S) in the diet, and their translation into concentrations or ratios that will be found in animals or plants at the time of slaughter, respectively harvest, according to metabolism or rate of accumulation.
- the calculator is able to calculate the predicted corrected values by correction by the rate of accumulation in the animal or plant considered.
- the electronic calculator can also be parameterized with environmental, species, marking (short, long, staggered), geographic, or nutrient reference data. All of this data makes it possible to generate a unique code adapted to the targeted place. It should also be noted that the calculator can be advantageously parameterized with the known reference nutritional values, the toxicity values, and all other criteria, which will allow it to define unique codes (and therefore recipes and isotopic regimes) while avoiding the generation of invalid codes as deviating from these criteria.
- the calculator calculates and proposes the stable isotope abundance variations and / or the isotopic feeding regime to confer the unique code at the time of slaughter or harvest.
- the computer is programmed to determine these abundance variations in an optimized manner in terms of price and / or availability of isotopes.
- the user can thus record data relating to these abundance variation, price and availability variables, and keep them updated over time, so that the calculator can better manage the definition of the elements and isotopes to be varied, so to be added to the diet to produce the isotope diet.
- the criterion always respected by the calculator is to define the elements and their isotopes, and their concentrations or ratios, to define a new unique code, different from those already established for other farms or subsets, or farms or fields.
- one varies (or the calculator proposes to vary) the stable isotope abundance of the following chemical elements:
- the method comprises the fact of (or the calculator recommends to) (a) feed the animals of the farm or subset, with a diet (solid and / or liquid) isotope determined for this farm or under -all, or (b) water the plants of the farm or field, with isotope water determined for that farm or field, with stable concentrations of stable isotopes of the following chemical elements:
- Intensive poultry farms are characterized by short production cycles (8 cycles x 45 days / year) (in organic farming 5 cycles of 70 J / year) for very large volumes (tens of thousands to hundreds of millions) of poultry).
- Trace elements (among Zn, Se, Mo, Si, Ti,
- the isotopic feeding marking cycle will be between 8 to 10 days max.
- the key factors also retained are the metabolism and the distribution of the elements according to the species (the muscles, the organs, the excrements).
- the implementations are very important because they guarantee the effectiveness of the marking either via the encoding by the animal food or by the water of watering. This makes it possible to optimize the use and the quantities of stable isotopes required.
- Greenhouse vegetable crops are generally characterized by short cycles between 2-3 months maximum (Standard or Bio) for large volumes (tomatoes, zucchini, beans ). We select trace elements (among Zn, Se,
- trace elements are selected (among Zn, Se, Mo, Si, Ti, Sn, Cr, Ge, REEs rare earths) produced mainly by centrifugation except for
- watering by watering is meant that the plants (plants) can be sprayed with the isotopic solution by any standard means, and / or also be misted with the isotopic solution and / or immersed in an isotopic solution.
- Isotopes can be brought in any known manner. Chlorides, sulphates and oxides can be used. Chlorides and sulfates are usually soluble in water. They can be added to drinking or watering water or when formulating a solid food. Oxides are generally solid. They can be added to the solid diet, but also be added to the watering or drinking water.
- the amounts of isotopes supplied to the animals of the farm or subset are within the limits authorized by the Nutritional Reference Values (NRV) and within the limits of the toxicity values.
- the calculator can be programmed with this information on the VNR and the limits not to exceed in terms of toxicity, it will integrate these data in its recommendations and calculations.
- the amounts of isotopes provided to the animals of the farm or subassembly are provided to the animals taking into account the rate of accumulation (TA) of this or these isotopes in the animal according to the duration of breeding and feeding period with isotopic feeding.
- TA rate of accumulation
- the calculator can integrate this knowledge of the TA and take it into account as described.
- the animals of the farm or of the subset are fed exclusively or essentially exclusively with the isotopic diet.
- the animals of the farm or subset are fed with the isotopic feed for at least one sub-period or fraction of the breeding period or cycle (eg less than 1/3, 1/4 , 1/5 or 1/6 of the breeding or cultivation cycle).
- the calculator is able to propose an isotope feeding method that is suitable for the animal or plant species considered, according to specific criteria recorded in its program.
- the maturation time is short, is administered isotopée feed end of growth, for example between 1 1th day and 33 th day for slaughter to the 35 th day, or between the 24th and the 33/34 th day (can generally be satisfied with a lower marking maturity of 8-10 days). It is It is easy to determine the isotope diet so that the code is present in the animal or plant at the time of slaughter or harvest. This can be done by experiment, by testing one or more regimes and analyzing the isotopic signature at the time of slaughter or harvest, and preferably by providing this information to the calculator.
- the method of the invention therefore makes it possible to impose a unique isotopic code on a plant.
- This plant of known isotopic composition, can be used as all or part of an isotopic solid feed intended for a breeding or subset of breeding managed by the model (M) according to the invention.
- M model
- the animals are fed a cycle, according to a predefined adapted diet, with such a plant, in as isotopic solid food or part of an isotopic solid diet.
- the method making it possible to impose a specific code on the animals of a farm or a subset of a farm, including the products, in particular foodstuffs, derived from or prepared from these animals, this method being adapted to the implementation of the identification method may include feeding the animals of the farm or subset, with a diet (solid and liquid) isotope determined for this farm or subset , having stable concentrations of stable isotopes of the following chemical elements: - at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, preferably all of the following: Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Te, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Hg, TI, Pb,
- the invention also relates to an information recording medium.
- the recording medium may contain executable instructions programmed to implement a method according to one of the preceding claims when these instructions are executed by an electronic computer.
- the invention also relates to an electronic computer for implementing the isotopic identification method according to the invention.
- This calculator may include a unit programmable logic and an information recording medium containing software instructions adapted to, when executed by the logical unit, performing steps of comparing a stable concentration or stable isotope ratios profile, a sample from the animal / plant or product of an animal / plant in the form of stable (C2) or stable (R2) ratios of stable isotopes, with profiles recorded as unique codes of their own a farm or subset of a farm or a farm or field, and determining whether the animal / plant or the product of an animal / plant has a profile substantially equal to a registered code and therefore an indication of the farm / farm or field of origin, or that the animal / plant or product does not come from any farm / farm or field whose code is registered in the model.
- C2 stable
- R2 stable
- the calculator can still include all the functionalities, devices and programming necessary for the accomplishment of the tasks described here and which are devolved on it: -
- the calculator is the guarantor of the integrity of the unique codes.
- the electronic calculator receives as input the results of concentration analysis (Geochemical passport).
- the calculator also contains the logic and the strategies applicable to the type of breeding or cultivation.
- the calculator When determining the isotopic variations to be made compared to the natural abundance on 1, 2, 3 or more elements, the calculator will make sure that the code is not already allocated.
- the calculator will make an additional variation according to a doping index (+1/1000 for example) until it finds code availability.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of an assembly with an electronic calculator that can be used for the implementation of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for imposing a unique code on animals or plants.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for the isotopic identification of animals or plants, or products derived therefrom.
- Figures 4 to 7 are graphs showing the isotope abundance variations of zinc on natural chickens and isotopic chickens. Starting from the left to the right: 1 /
- the standard samples "+ Zn control" define the known natural abundance values with regard to the elements studied. They constitute a reference with which the marked samples are measured. This makes it possible to know if the measuring machine is well configured and has no problems related to possible contamination. 21 "Natural samples” of feather, supreme fillet, pestle, leg are unmarked organic chicken samples. This makes it possible to verify that these chickens are in agreement with the reference. 3 / "Standard Zn" is just there to check for possible contamination. It's a quality control. 4 / "Marked samples” correspond to isotopic chickens. 5 / "Standard Zn” is just there to check for possible contamination. It's a quality control.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the signature differences between isotopic chicken samples and natural chicken samples.
- Example 1 Description of a computer set of management and definition of isotopic codes
- Set 1 comprises a programmable electronic computer 2 provided with a programmable logic unit 3, an information recording medium 4 and a data exchange interface 5 connected to each other by a data bus internal.
- the electronic computer 2 also comprises here a man-machine interface 6.
- the unit 3 comprises for example a microprocessor or a programmable microcontroller.
- the support 4 here comprises a memory module, for example of FLASH technology or EEPROM, or a magnetic hard disk.
- the support 4 contains software instructions adapted to implement steps of the method of FIGS. 2 and 3 when these instructions are executed by the calculation unit 3.
- the human-machine interface 6 here comprises a display screen, a data entry tool such as a keyboard and a speaker.
- a data entry tool such as a keyboard and a speaker.
- the man-machine interface 6 can be implemented differently.
- the electronic computer 2 is a microcomputer or a mobile communication device, such as a tablet or a telephone. It can also be a remote computer server, accessible through the Internet or a dedicated computer network.
- the interface 6 can be omitted and replaced by a dedicated communication interface, for example a computer, a communication device such as a tablet or a television, which performs the same functions as this interface 6 but which is physically dissociated from the electronic computer 2.
- the computer 2 is notably programmed to implement a predefined model M, for example by means of executable instructions stored in the support 4.
- the model M makes it possible, in particular, to impose on animals or plants a unique isotopic code specific to a rearing farm or subset, respectively firm or field, and possibly to even finer granularity levels (eg species or varieties, type This code is based on the nature, concentrations or ratios of stable isotopes of chemical elements.
- the model (M) also makes it possible, where appropriate, to connect a farmed animal or a product of an animal to a breeding or a subset of a particular breeding, or a plant or a product of a plant or field, by analysis of stable isotope ratios or ratios, to determine a profile of concentrations or ratios of these stable isotopes, in particular by mass spectrometry, and to compare with the unique codes recorded in the model (M).
- the data used by the model M can be stored in the support 4 and / or be stored in a dedicated database accessible by the computer 2.
- the interface 5 is adapted to acquire input data, for example in the form of digital or analog signals or in the form of data structures, such as TA accumulation rate values and / or measurements of C2 concentrations and / or R2 ratios of stable isotopes.
- This data can also be transmitted to the computer 2 via the interface 6.
- Figure 2, in connection with Figure 1, schematically describes an embodiment of the single code imposition method.
- the TA is known or he can be calculated in step 102 by feeding the animals or plants on a cycle with fixed ratios of stable isotopes of the selected elements, then slaughter or harvest, removal of the flesh and analysis by MS.
- the data is sent to the computer 2, for example via the interface 6.
- the calculator has in memory the unique codes that have been generated for other farms, this knowledge is identified during a step 103 in FIG.
- the computer By crossing the data obtained in steps 101, 102 and 103, the computer generates, during a step 104, an isotope feeding recipe and a feed regime that will allow, in this farm or farm to obtain, the slaughter or harvest, animals or plants with the unique code.
- the feeding regime can be tested and the data stored in the calculator 2, for a correlation between this regime and obtaining a stable isotope ratio of an element at the time of slaughter or harvest. Adjustments (in terms of content, in particular) are feasible to obtain exploitable isotope ratios, i.e. with significant differences measurable by MS at slaughter or harvest.
- the computer generates the composition of the isotoped power supply and / or the power regime, the user being able to access it for example from the interface 6.
- the feed regime may have been determined in advance, and the computer indicates to the user the composition of the isotopic feed.
- Example 2 Application to a chicken farm chicken life cycle in the farm: chick 10 days 1 st and second phases of growth 21 days maturity from the 32 th day and slaughter 45 days weight between 1, 8 and 2.3 kg.
- the power supply is specific to each of the 4 phases. Hens consume on average 3.5 liters of water over the entire life span. Breeding cycles succeed one another in breeding. Referring to Figures 1 and 2.
- the breeding GBS is determined at step 101, the data is sent to the calculator 2, for example via the interface 6. Water consumption samples are collected and analyzed. and solid foods.
- the ratios of stable isotopes of the following elements (it has been possible to determine by their prior analysis their presence on the farm, for example by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis on water, food, soil, flesh, feathers, bones and / or paws):
- these 26 elements Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag , Cd, Te, Ba, Ti, Pb, Si,
- SM measurements in the invention in general and in this example in particular, can be carried out by the available methods, in particular:
- MC-ICPMS in English Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
- LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
- the calculator has in memory the unique codes that have been generated for other farms, this knowledge is identified during a step 103 in FIG.
- the computer By crossing the data obtained during the steps 101, 102 and 103, the computer generates, during a step 104, an isotope feeding recipe and a feeding regime which will allow, in this breeding to obtain, to the slaughter, hens with the unique code.
- the feeding regime can be tested and the data stored in the calculator 2, for a correlation between this regime and obtaining a stable isotope ratio of an element at the time of slaughter at 45 days. Adjustments (especially in terms of content) are feasible to obtain exploitable isotope ratios, ie with significant differences measurable by MS at slaughter at approximately 35 days.
- the computer generates the composition of the isotoped power supply and / or the power regime, the user can access it for example from the interface 6.
- the power regime may have been determined in advance, and the computer indicates to the user the composition of the isotopic feed.
- the isotopic diet constitutes the solid and liquid food of the week preceding slaughter, step 105.
- Example 3 By way of example, on a chicken, it was: - Added 86 Sr to the drinking water over the entire cycle of the animal
- farms There are 6 farms, farms A, B, C, and X with 90 000 hens per cycle, farm D with 300 000 hens per cycle, farm E with 120 000 hens per cycle.
- the isotope contents were varied according to the following table.
- Example 5 Isotopic Identification of Animals or Plants This example illustrates the method of determining whether an animal or plant X is from a farm or farm that is part of the monitoring and identification procedure. of the invention, and determination of its precise origin, namely which farm or farm in the world.
- a sample of the animal or plant is taken in 201, and subjected to MS analyzes of all elements and stable isotopes in step 202.
- the user enters the data of the profile obtained in the computer 2 (or an interface with the mass spectrometer does so automatically, wired or not), the latter searching in its information recording medium 4 if a registered profile (unique code) is found in the profile obtained, step 204.
- the user is informed in 206 that the animal or plant tested is not from a farm or farm followed and conditioned according to the 'invention.
- the computer provided 208 to the user the precise identity of the farm or farm from which the animal or plant comes.
- EXAMPLE 6 Isotopic Identification of Hens This example illustrates the method of knowing whether or not a hen X originates from a breeding operation forming part of the procedure for monitoring and identifying the invention, and of determining its precise origin. , which farm in the world. Referring to Figures 1 and 3.
- a flesh sample is taken in 201, and subjected to MS analyzes of all the elements and their stable isotopes in step 202.
- the user enters the data of the profile obtained in the computer 2 (or an interface with the mass spectrometer does this automatically, wired or not), the latter searching in its information recording medium 4 if a registered profile (unique code) is found in the profile obtained, step 204.
- the user is informed in 206 that the test animal is not from a breeding followed and conditioned according to the invention.
- the computer provided 208 to the user the precise identity of the farm from which the animal comes.
- the example is an entire animal from which a sample was taken. This animal may for example have been taken from a stall, or it may also have taken a piece of meat packaged and sold in pieces. The method is equally applicable to another animal or plant.
- the unique internal code corresponds to the ingestion of isotopic markers by industrial broilers. This unique code corresponds to a controlled variation of markers throughout the chicken organism.
- the route of ingestion of the markers may be via drinking water or food.
- the amount of markers to be added is calculated according to the concentration of the markers initially present in the water and the food. Another important factor in calculating the amount of markers to be ingested is their metabolism / uptake by the chicken organism.
- Zinc has 5 stable isotopes whose natural abundances are reported in Table 2. Choose as a marker to add zinc 68 with a natural abundance of 18.75%. The amount of total zinc 68 supplied via food and water is therefore 23.95 mg (18.75% * 127.7 mg). The amount added depends on the target value which is chosen: in this example it is 10 out of 68 the ratio Zn / Zn 64. It is calculated according to equation (1) according to the abundances of each isotope.
- Our experiment consisted in adding isotopic markers in the drinking water and / or the food of these chickens so that they are marked in vivo.
- the concentrations and the periods (cycles) of marking varied for the different batches according to the test scenarios applied.
- the chickens were then killed, cut into pieces and analyzes of compositions in concentrations and isotopic made to quantify and evaluate the marking. This allowed to show the phase of metabolization of markers in the body of chickens.
- the presence and durability of the markers was also studied by analysis of organic samples.
- the hen house is made in a garden shed, to simulate intensive farming conditions. Four enclosures have been constructed to perform four simultaneous tests. Each pen is 0.72 m 2 (0.8 m * 0.9 m). Depending on the legislation in intensive farming, it is possible to put 12 to 15 chickens / m 2 , weighing 2.2 to 1 .8 kg each respectively. We can so put up to 8 chickens per pen. Consider a maximum of 5 chickens per half-pad to take into account the welfare of the animals. b. Management of chicks and chickens
- the fast-growing ROSS 308 chicks come from the Couer Duc, Blaches Quarter, Crest, 26400. They are available in a day-old chick.
- the chicks are raised in a ground enclosure. Cartons are placed on the ground and the litter is made of wood chips. It is replaced every two days for sanitary reasons.
- the enclosure is equipped with a drinking trough suitable for chicks (and chickens) and a feeder.
- the necessary heat is produced by an infrared lamp adapted to poultry.
- Chicks need a temperature around 35 ° C during the first days, which should decrease around 20 ° C (Table 3).
- the chickens are then distributed in their respective pens a few days before the start of the tests.
- Each enclosure is equipped with a feeder and a dummy trough.
- the floor is covered with PVC flooring and litter of wood chips. It is replaced every two days for sanitary reasons.
- cycle 1 tests are performed on ROSS 308 fast-growing chickens, via drinking water and for 10 days (24 to 34 days, lot 1) and 15 days (19 to 34 days, lot 2). ).
- the labeled chickens have finally killed the 37 th day early.
- the "control" chickens were killed on day 42.
- a first batch is considered a "control” and is not marked.
- a second and third batch are marked at 30 per thousand (Table 4). The quantity of chickens per batch will depend on the mortality rate. The mortality is four chicks. Four chickens are distributed for each test.
- Table 4 Experimental Conditions for Cycle 1. By default, batch 1 of each cycle will be the control batch without labeling.
- the chicken feed is composed of corn, meal feed soybean extraction feed, wheat, oil cake extract sunflower husked, wheat bran, soybean oil, calcium carbonate, salt, magnesium oxide, monocalcium phosphate and a premix of additives.
- Table 5 Food composition for cycle 1 chicks and chickens.
- Methionine 4.60 g / kg 4.80 g / kg 4.80 g / kg
- Endo-1, 3 (4) - beta- 1500 UV / kg 1750 UV / kg 1750 UV / kg glucanase EC 3, 2, 1, 6
- iron and zinc as marker elements, with their associated isotopes: 57 Fe and 68 Zn. These elements are two trace elements whose contents in the food are generally between 80 and 150 ⁇ g / g and 40-120 ⁇ g / g respectively. In the feed given to the chickens, the minimum concentration of iron is 50 ⁇ g / g and zinc of 75 ⁇ g / g.
- nitric acid For the batch 2,500 ml of stock solution are prepared in a bottle. For batch 3, 750 ml of stock solution are prepared in another bottle. Each day, a volume of these stock solutions (50 ml) is taken and diluted in a volume of water. The stock solution must have a pH below 2.5 in order to avoid the precipitation of iron. For this, nitric acid will be added: the amount to add depends on the initial pH of the stock solution.
- the daily water consumption for 4 chickens evolve from 730 ml to 1 L of .44 ug th to 33 th day (calculated with 10% margin).
- the dilution ratio is between 5 and 3.3% (Tables 5 and 6).
- the iron and zinc levels in the drinking water are below the recommended values of 0.3 mg / l and 5 mg / l respectively (Tables 6 and 7).
- Table 6 Quantity of markers to be added to the drinking water to have a mark of 5, 10 and 30 per thousand (considering 100% metabolism) over 10 days.
- Table 7 Theoretical chemical data on the concentration of iron and zinc in stock solutions and drinking water (diluted) of Cycle 1.
- Table 8 Dilution of a volume of stock solution in a volume of water during the 10 days of Cycle 1 marking.
- the two stock solutions have a concentration of 3.4 mg / L of 57 Fe, as well as 17.6 and 19.4 mg / L of 68 Zn. From these data, the potential-pH diagram of iron was calculated to verify the solubilization of iron (Figure 1). The red dots correspond to the pH of the oral solutions given to the chickens, diluted from the stock solutions.
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AU2018293135A AU2018293135B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | Isotopic marking and identification of animals and plants |
CA3068418A CA3068418A1 (fr) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | Marquage et identification isotopiques des animaux et vegetaux |
US16/626,208 US11561214B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | Isotopic marking and identification of animals and plants |
CN201880055403.2A CN111051877B (zh) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | 动物和植物的同位素标记及鉴定 |
BR112019027803-6A BR112019027803A2 (pt) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | método de identificação isotópica, e, computador eletrônico para realizar o método de identificação isotópica |
EP18732794.5A EP3646024A1 (fr) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | Marquage et identification isotopiques des animaux et végétaux |
US18/086,299 US20230126230A1 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2022-12-21 | Isotopic marking and identification of animals and plants |
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US16/626,208 A-371-Of-International US11561214B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-25 | Isotopic marking and identification of animals and plants |
US18/086,299 Division US20230126230A1 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2022-12-21 | Isotopic marking and identification of animals and plants |
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FR3091350B1 (fr) * | 2019-01-02 | 2022-03-11 | Ids Group | Marquage et identification isotopiques des liquides |
CN113406245B (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2023-05-16 | 广州海关技术中心 | 一种基于maldi-tof/tof和irms技术相结合进行大豆原产地溯源识别方法 |
WO2023172150A1 (fr) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-09-14 | Oritain Global Limited | Procédé de vérification de la source d'un matériau contenant du silicium |
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CA3068418A1 (fr) | 2019-01-03 |
CN111051877B (zh) | 2023-11-03 |
AU2018293135B2 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
FR3068135A1 (fr) | 2018-12-28 |
US20230126230A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
AU2018293135A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
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CN111051877A (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
US20200124585A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
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