WO2019001775A1 - Emballage d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie - Google Patents

Emballage d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019001775A1
WO2019001775A1 PCT/EP2018/025179 EP2018025179W WO2019001775A1 WO 2019001775 A1 WO2019001775 A1 WO 2019001775A1 EP 2018025179 W EP2018025179 W EP 2018025179W WO 2019001775 A1 WO2019001775 A1 WO 2019001775A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
packing
longitudinal axis
packing elements
pack
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/025179
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Jörg ZANDER
Ludwig Bauer
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2019001775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001775A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/30276—Sheet
    • B01J2219/30292—Sheet rolled up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
    • B01J2219/32217—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle of 90 degrees
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
    • B01J2219/3222—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle different from 90 degrees
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
    • B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32279—Tubes or cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32408—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32466—Composition or microstructure of the elements comprising catalytically active material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32483—Plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pack for mass and / or energy exchange
  • Catalyst beds are used in the prior art for carrying out catalytic reactions.
  • the fixed bed is e.g. flows through liquid or gaseous reactants, which undergo a chemical reaction.
  • Such a chemical reaction is by a catalyst material, which in the
  • Catalyst packages is included, accelerated or only possible. In such chemical reactions often heat of reaction is distributed over the fixed bed released (in exothermic reactions) or consumed (in endothermic reactions). This must be dissipated in many cases, e.g. to limit temperatures and / or avoid equilibrium limitations.
  • the heat transport takes place in arranged within tubes catalyst packages in particular by lateral diffusion perpendicular to the main flow direction of the fluid (which runs in particular along the longitudinal axis of the tube).
  • prior art catalyst packages (such as ball-like body beds) have low levels of effective thermal conductivity. This limits in particular the diameter of tubes or tube bundles of the reactors.
  • Prior art mass transfer packs are typically used for mass and / or energy exchange between two fluid phases. In doing so, e.g. passing a gaseous phase countercurrent to the liquid phase through a column extending along a longitudinal axis, wherein mass transfer packages for an increased mass transfer area and compared to simple mass transfer trays for improved lateral mixing of the phases perpendicular to the
  • mass transfer packs come in, for example, in
  • Rectification columns, distillation columns and wash columns are used. there is said cross-mixing between the phases for a variety of gas-liquid contactors, such as rectification and distillation columns an important feature.
  • structured packing elements are often package sheets are used, which are usually arranged in stacks within columns, the plane of extension of the packing sheets along the column axis, in particular vertically, runs. That is, in particular, a packing sheet passes through the
  • the packing elements often have a structure of grooves or mountains and valleys.
  • the said groove structure or mountain-valley structure causes a
  • Packing elements wherein the wave crests function as spacers between adjacent packing elements of a stack.
  • the grooves or mountains and valleys often run obliquely on the packing sheets, so that the grooves or mountains and valleys in the ready state for
  • packing elements have through-holes for the purpose of further improved mixing perpendicular to the orientation of the packing elements. This can also cause a pressure equalization.
  • the packing elements may have a so-called secondary structure, i. the surface of the packing elements is not smooth, but with a rippled structure or
  • Manufacture of structured packages and metal packings e.g. by bending, deep-drawing and / or punching sheet metal;
  • Catalysts can also be applied to structured packings according to the prior art.
  • the advantage over a fixed bed is a reduced pressure loss and a higher lateral heat exchange.
  • catalyst packing and mass transfer packing often has the object of providing a tubular structure (e.g., the shell of a column or a tubular reactor for receiving a fixed catalyst bed) with planar ones
  • Packing elements such as packing plates, as completely as possible to fill.
  • a simple solution for this would be the parallel arrangement of different length planar packing sheets, so that a cylindrical structure is formed.
  • this has the disadvantage that the gaps between the packing sheets extend only in one spatial direction, so that in particular the lateral mixing in mass transfer packages and the lateral transport of the heat of reaction at Catalyst packages can be made perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular structure only in said direction.
  • the object is therefore to provide a pack for mass and / or energy exchange, a production process for a pack according to the invention for mass and / or energy exchange, a process for mass and / or energy exchange between a first phase and a second phase using a
  • a packing and a method for removing heat of reaction using a packing according to the invention are available, which are improved with respect to the mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the object is to provide a mass transfer pack with improved lateral cross-mixing and a catalyst pack with improved lateral heat transfer.
  • the object is solved by the subject matter of independent claims 1, 14, 15 and 16.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the pack are given in the subclaims 2 to 13. The invention will be described below.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a pack for fabric and / or
  • An energy exchange comprising at least two packing elements, wherein the packing elements form a body extending along a longitudinal axis with a central core space and an outer side, and wherein the packing elements are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along a spiral line between the core space and the outside, wherein the respective spiral Line extending from the core space to the outside, and wherein adjacent spiral lines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at a constant distance from each other, wherein the core space has a cylindrical surface, and wherein the packing elements each have an end facing the core space, and wherein the packing elements arranged so are that at the respective end a first tangent of the respective spiral line with a second tangent of
  • the lateral surface encloses an angle of 45 ° to 135 °, wherein the first tangent and the second tangent perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the first tangent and the second tangent intersect at the said end of the respective packing element and touch there the respective spiral-shaped line and the lateral surface of the core space.
  • the core space is a space delimited by the said ends or along the longitudinal axis, that is to say the core space is the space left free in the middle of the packing, in which there are no packing elements.
  • the said cylindrical lateral surface of the core space is formed by an imaginary cylinder which rests against the ends or end edges of the packing elements.
  • a component e.g. a core tube, wherein the lateral surface of the core space in particular coincides with the lateral surface of the core tube.
  • the cylindrical lateral surface may be formed in particular circular cylindrical.
  • Said first and second tangents extend in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and abut at a point on the lateral surface and the helical line at which the end of the respective packing element meets the lateral surface.
  • the angle subtended by the respective tangents may be 50 ° to 130 °, 55 ° to 125 °, 60 ° to 120 °, 65 ° to 15 °, 70 ° to 110 °, 75 ° to 105 °, 80 ° ° to 100 ° or 85 ° to 95 °, preferably 90 °.
  • the angle subtended by the respective first and second tangents is 60 ° to 120 °, in particular 80 ° to 100 °, preferably 90 °.
  • Run packing elements each extending at an end facing the core space in the radial direction or substantially in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis.
  • radial direction is meant the direction that extends from the center of the core space perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to the outside. That is, the ends of the packing elements form at the said end substantially a right angle with the lateral surface of the core space.
  • the length of the individual packing elements can be minimized while maintaining the described spiral geometry. This leads advantageously to a particularly effective heat and / or mass transport perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, ie in particular to a particularly good lateral cross-mixing or a particularly good lateral heat transfer.
  • the said body which the packing elements form is in particular a cylinder, e.g. a straight circular cylinder.
  • the said outside of the body runs along one's outer surface
  • packing elements are in particular planar structures, e.g. Packungsbleche, understand that extend in the radial direction along said spiral line and in the axial direction parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the packing elements need not have a flat surface, but may e.g. Secondary structures such as a wave structure of flanks connected mountains and valleys.
  • Secondary structures such as a wave structure of flanks connected mountains and valleys.
  • the individual flanks of the packing element extend in the radial direction obliquely to the said spiral-shaped line and intersect each of them.
  • the packing elements are parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the neighboring ones are parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • Packing elements also run parallel to each other, so that the adjacent packing elements in each cross-sectional plane of the package perpendicular to the
  • the packing elements may be, for example, packing plates, but the packing elements do not necessarily have to be made of metal, but may, for example, also comprise plastic, carbon or ceramic or consist of these materials. Carbon and ceramics have the advantage of a particularly high chemical resistance.
  • the area of the packing elements is in particular at least 60%
  • the packing elements can form a completely closed surface or can have passage openings, the aperture ratio of free opening area formed through the passage openings to the total area of the respective packing element being less than 40%, in particular less than 35%, preferably less than 30% preferably less than 25%, even more preferably less than 20%, even more preferably less than 20%, even more preferably less than 15%, even more preferably less than 10%, even more preferably less than 5%.
  • Said passage openings have a maximum extension (for example, a diameter in the case of circular passage openings) of 3 mm to 8 mm, in particular perpendicular to the surface of the packing elements.
  • the through holes may also be defined as pores having a maximum extent perpendicular to the surface of the packing elements of less than 1 mm.
  • said pores are dimensioned such that a liquid phase, which forms a liquid film on the surface of the packing elements, although by capillary forces penetrate into the pores and can traverse these, wherein the
  • Liquid film remains intact. That is, the liquid film is passed through the
  • Pores not broken, so that the gaseous phase can not pass through the pores By smaller passage openings (or pores) in this way a fluid exchange of the liquids on both sides of the packing element
  • the packing elements run along a helical line (also referred to as a helical line) between the core space and the outside, which is characterized in that two adjacent lines are at a constant distance from each other.
  • a helical line also referred to as a helical line
  • Such a spiral-shaped line can be described mathematically, in particular in polar coordinates, by the following formula:
  • r is the radius (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) as a variable
  • r m m is the radius of the core space cross section
  • ßo is the starting angle for a particular spiral line (eg 6 lines and 6 packing elements: 0 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 °, 240 °, 300 °)
  • ⁇ (r) designates the angular position of a point of the spiral-shaped line at the selected radius r and the selected starting angle ⁇ o, whereby the spirally-shaped line results by juxtaposing the points ⁇ (r).
  • the packing elements are placed in cross-section in a certain curvature, starting from a small circle towards a larger circle, so that when created by duplication of this helical winding a filled with packing elements circular cross-section.
  • the curvature of the packing elements decreases from the central core space to the outside, ie from inside to outside.
  • the said core space is in particular an inner (straight circular) cylindrical space in which - in a continuation of the spiral-like structure in the core space inside - the curvature would be too large to allow this manufacturing technology.
  • the circumference of the core space corresponds at least to the distance of the spiral
  • the adjacent packing elements form spaces in which
  • the interspaces are in particular characterized by channels, in which case the packing elements may be connected, for example, by means of their wave crests, if the packing elements have the above-described wave structure
  • the packing elements are spaced apart from one another, in which case further structures, for example connecting webs, may be arranged between the packing elements in the interspaces.
  • the packing structure according to the invention can be produced in a simple manner by 3D printing methods.
  • the technique of 3D printing extends the production-technically possible structures and also more complex forms
  • Curvatures in all spatial axes can be made. Structures can thus be created that are optimally adapted to the respective function. This is in contrast to the previous method, according to which a compromise between economic production is still sought at acceptable function.
  • the packing according to the invention is designed to be arranged in a pipe extending along a longitudinal axis, the outside of the packing being in contact with a casing of the pipe, and in a shell space bounded by the casing of the pipe between the packing elements of the packing and / or or heat are conductible.
  • This tube may be e.g. one
  • the pack is a catalyst pack for
  • the packing is a mass transfer packing for use in a mass transfer, distillation, rectification or
  • the packing elements have a thickness in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis, wherein the thickness of the
  • Packing elements takes along the spiral line from the inside (ie
  • Package structure in particular the advantage of increased homogeneity.
  • homogeneity is meant the uniform distribution of the phases in the package.
  • any arbitrarily shaped control segment of the package has the same specific surface area and open area. It is under one
  • Control segment any section, e.g. a volume element to understand the pack. This reduces the development of meal distribution of the phases, e.g. the gas and liquid phase. Furthermore, due to the constant spacing between the packing elements, the homogeneity of the packing is improved.
  • prior art packages are often stacked in single layers (e.g., 200 mm to 250 mm high) at so-called joints, with adjacent blocks being rotated by a certain angle (usually 90 °) when installed in a column. This rotation serves to cross-blend in both directions normal to the main flow direction.
  • a certain angle usually 90 °
  • right-handed or left-worm screw structures can be used here.
  • the packing elements each have a plurality of alternately arranged mountains and valleys, wherein the mountains and valleys extend at an inclination of at least 5 °, in particular at least 10 °, to the longitudinal axis. In other words, that the packing elements a
  • the mountains and valleys extend at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis, ie obliquely on the surface the packing elements.
  • the packing elements themselves run parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • the inclination can be eg 45 ° or 60 °.
  • the mountains and valleys extend at an inclination of at least 5 ° to a column axis of a column in which the packing according to the invention is arranged.
  • all the packing elements of the pack have said mountains and valleys.
  • the packing elements have a plurality of grooves, wherein the grooves extend at an inclination of at least 5 °, in particular at least 10 °, to the longitudinal axis.
  • the peaks and valleys or the grooves of adjacent packing elements extend at an angle of 5 ° to 175 °, in particular 30 ° to 150 °, preferably 45 ° to 135 °, more preferably 90 ° to each other.
  • the mountains and valleys of adjacent packing elements are arranged alternately to one another.
  • the mountains and valleys of a first packing element may thus be e.g. run during normal operation in a longitudinal section of the pack from top left to bottom right, the mountains and valleys of a second adjacent pack from top right to bottom left run.
  • the alternating arrangement of the wave or groove structures between adjacent packing elements has the advantage that the phases, eg a liquid phase flowing down in the column under the action of gravity and a gaseous phase rising in the column, are within a gap between the adjacent packing elements both to the jacket or to the wall of the column out (ie to the outside) as well as the jacket away (ie, inward) is promoted. This reduces maldistribution and leads to improved cross-mixing of the phases.
  • the packing has an even number
  • Total number of packing elements e.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or more
  • Packing elements on.
  • the package is formed by an even number of packing elements.
  • the packing elements each have a plurality of passage openings distributed over the respective packing element, wherein in particular the opening ratio of free opening area formed by the passage openings to the closed area of the respective one
  • Packing element is less than 20%.
  • Such passage openings or pores improve the cross-mixing of the phases in the mass transfer further characterized in that substances on the
  • Packing elements can be transported and in particular a
  • the pack has at least two packing layers arranged along the longitudinal axis, which in each case have at least two packing elements, the packing elements being arranged inside the pack
  • the individual packing layers are stacked on so-called joints. Alternatively, the individual packing layers can also be connected to one another at the joints.
  • Longitudinal axis which is easy to produce by 3D printing, e.g. be combined into higher packs within a column.
  • the pack has a between the
  • Packing layers arranged mixing element which is adapted to direct substances and / or heat perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Such mixing elements increase the cross-mixing of the phases, in particular in the case of mass transfer packages.
  • the pack has at least one first packing layer and one second packing layer along the longitudinal axis, wherein the spiral lines of the first packing layer have an opposite direction of rotation relative to the spiral lines of the second packing layer.
  • rotation is meant here the direction of rotation of the points on the respective spiral-shaped line from the core space to the outside.
  • the helical lines of the first packing layer may thus be e.g. be left-handed while the spiral lines of the second packing layer are dextrorotatory.
  • the helical lines along which the packing elements of the first packing layer run are mirrored to the helical lines along which the packing elements of the second packing layer run. This arrangement causes increased cross-mixing at the joints between the packing layers.
  • the core space is designed to conduct a cooling medium, so that the packing elements can be cooled by means of the coolant.
  • the core space is designed to conduct a cooling medium, so that the packing elements can be cooled by means of the coolant.
  • the homogeneity of the pack can advantageously be further increased.
  • the pack has a fabric return structure which is adapted to receive substances from the outside into at least one
  • Such fabric return structures can be easily printed together with the packing elements, in particular by means of 3D printing methods.
  • Substance return structures in particular also be part of the tube in which the package is arranged.
  • the fabric return structures may advantageously direct liquid flow back into the package, thus preventing maldistribution in the package.
  • the homogeneity of the package can be further increased.
  • a substantially complete homogeneity of the pack can be achieved.
  • the packing elements have on their surface a catalyst substance for the catalytic acceleration of a chemical reaction.
  • the packing elements are formed by SD printing.
  • the described spiral structure of the packages is already generated during printing.
  • the 3D printing has the advantage, in particular in the case of catalyst packings, that the packing material can be firmly connected to the jacket of a pipe (for example by printing the packings together with the jacket of the pipe) and thus enables a heat flow. As a result, larger pipe diameters can be realized, which allows a higher reaction rate with appropriate heat release and thus more economical operation.
  • the pack comprises at least a first packing element and a second packing element, wherein the first
  • Packing element and the second packing element perpendicular to the longitudinal axis each extend along a helical line, and wherein the respective
  • the first and second packing elements may e.g. Have ends which are offset along the longitudinal axis, that is, the respective end portions are located during normal operation at different heights.
  • the pack has at least two packing layers arranged along the longitudinal axis, each having at least a first and a second packing element, wherein the first packing element and the second packing element each extend along a spiral line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the respective spiral line extending from the core space to the outside, and wherein adjacent spiral lines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at a constant distance from each other, and wherein the first packing element and the second packing element are arranged offset from one another along the longitudinal axis or parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • first packing elements of the packing layers form a first joint and the second packing elements of the packing layers form a second joint.
  • the axial displacement of the packing elements has the advantage that in applications requiring the superposition of several packages in the axial direction (e.g., with multiple packing layers stacked to achieve a greater packing height), the joints of the packing elements are axially offset from one another. This leads to more homogeneous flow-mechanical properties of the packing, since fluid-mechanical inhomogeneities resulting from the arrangement of the joints in a common horizontal plane are avoided, which can lead to the accumulation of liquid in the transition region of the packing layers.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a package according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the package elements are printed by a 3D printing method such that the package elements are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along a spiral line and the adjacent spiral lines are perpendicular have a constant distance from each other to the longitudinal axis.
  • the packing elements are formed as a one-piece unit in layers of a powdery material, e.g. comprising a metal or a plastic, printed, wherein successively more layers of the
  • each layer is heated before the application of the next following layer by means of a laser beam at a printing position corresponding to a cross-sectional area of the unit to be produced, and is thereby fixed to the underlying layer, in particular merged with this.
  • the packing elements are manufactured as a one-piece unit by applying a liquid material.
  • a liquid material for example, water-soluble material can be used if the material from which the packing elements are printed is not itself water-soluble.
  • individual packing elements can be manufactured, which are then connected to form a package.
  • the entire package of several packing elements can be printed in one step by means of 3D printing.
  • the jacket of the tube e.g., the column jacket or jacket of a tubular reactor
  • a portion of the jacket may be printed together with the package by means of 3D printing.
  • peaks and valleys or grooves are printed in the 3D printing method, that is to say in the generation of the respective packing elements.
  • fabric return structures are printed together with the respective packing elements in the 3D printing process.
  • passage openings of the packing elements are printed in the 3D printing method. That is, at the
  • the application of the layers may e.g. along the longitudinal axis of the package or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • powdery material has e.g. at least one laser source for generating a laser beam, a material supply for providing the material and a
  • a suitable 3D printing device for applying a liquid material has, for example, at least one nozzle for applying the liquid material, the nozzle being designed to apply the liquid material at a predetermined position of the workpiece, that is to say the packing element or the packing.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a method for fabric and / or
  • the first phase is a gaseous phase which flows through the packing from bottom to top
  • the second phase is in particular a liquid phase which is raining down in the packing
  • the gaseous phase and the liquid phase Phase in the package contact each other, so that substances and / or energy between the gaseous phase and the liquid phase can be exchanged.
  • two liquid phases are possible, e.g. in extractions where the lighter liquid phase flows upwards and the heavier liquid phase flows downwards. In this case, e.g. in countercurrent, a substance component and / or heat energy are transferred between the liquid phases.
  • the packing is arranged in a column, eg a mass transfer, distillation, rectification or scrubbing column, the column being extended along a column axis, and the first and second phases being countercurrently flowed through the column axis through the column axis the column located package are performed.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a process for removing heat of reaction using a packing according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein by means of a chemical reaction within the packing
  • Heat of reaction is released or consumed, and wherein the heat of reaction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis over the packing elements and / or over
  • Gaps between adjacent packing elements is directed to the outside of the pack.
  • the dissipation of heat of reaction takes place in particular in exothermic reactions and the consumption of heat of reaction takes place by supplying heat from outside, in particular in endothermic reactions.
  • the heat transfer in the said intermediate spaces takes place mainly by convection of the fluids located in the intermediate spaces (liquid and / or gas), while the heat transport via the packing elements takes place mainly by heat conduction via the column jacket and the packing elements.
  • the packing is a catalyst pack having a catalyst material adapted to carry the said chemical
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tube with spiral lines along which the packing elements of the package according to the invention extend; a schematic cross-sectional view of a package according to the invention of spirally arranged packing elements with further packing elements in a central core space;
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention with two packing layers having axially offset packing elements (B) in comparison to an embodiment without axial offset (A).
  • Figure 1 shows in a schematic cross-sectional view a tube 20, e.g. a container of a reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction or a container of a column for mass and / or energy exchange with a jacket 21, which encloses a jacket space 22.
  • a pack 1 e.g. a mass transfer or catalyst package, from a plurality of differently long, planar, along a first transverse direction q i extended packing elements 10 are arranged.
  • the packing elements 10 form a nikzylinderformige structure, which the shell space 22 of the likewise circular cylindrical tube 20 in
  • the packing elements 10 each have a wave-like structure of a plurality of (wave) mountains 1 1 and (wave) valleys 12, which are connected to one another via flanks 13.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 1 represents a simple solution to the problem, a tubular structure such as a container of a reactor or a column with
  • Heat conduction over a single packing layer 10 can take place here exclusively in the first transverse direction qi, but not in the second transverse direction q 2 . It is understood that in addition a heat transfer in the second transverse direction q 2 by
  • a package 1 according to the invention is contained in a tube 20, e.g. a container of a reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction or a column for mass and / or energy exchange shown.
  • the tube 20 is analogous to Figure 1 along a longitudinal axis, not shown here, which extends perpendicularly into the image plane.
  • the tube has a jacket 21 which encloses a jacket space 22.
  • the packing 10 consists in this embodiment of the invention of six packing elements 10, eg packing sheets, which extend between a central concentric with respect to the tube 20 arranged core space 30 and the inner wall of the shell 21 along spiral lines S (shown as dotted lines) ,
  • the spiral lines S represent in the representation selected here also a boundary line between adjacent packing elements 10.
  • the core space 30 has a circular cylindrical surface 31.
  • an end 16 of a packing element 10 is shown, on which a first tangent t1 of the respective spiral-shaped line S encloses an angle ⁇ with a second tangent t2 of the lateral surface 31.
  • the packing sheets 10 have a wave structure of mountains 1 1 and valleys 12, which are connected by flanks 13. These mountains 11 and valleys 12 represent a structure that overlays the primary direction of extension of the packing elements 10 (along the spiral lines S).
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view, analogous to FIG. 2, of the tube 20, wherein only the spiral-shaped lines S are shown, along which the packing elements 10 extend, and the illustration of the packing elements 10 itself has been omitted for a better overview.
  • such a spiral line can be particularly in
  • r is the radius (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) as a variable, r m in the radius of the core space cross section, ßo the starting angle for a given spiral line and ß (r) the angular position of a point of the spiral line at the selected radius r and the selected starting angle ßo denoted, wherein by lining up the points ß (r) results in the spiral-shaped line.
  • ⁇ o the radius (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) as a variable
  • r m in the radius of the core space cross section
  • ßo the starting angle for a given spiral line
  • ß (r) the angular position of a point of the spiral line at the selected radius r and the selected starting angle ßo denoted, wherein by lining up the points ß (r) results in the spiral-shaped line.
  • the points of contact of the spiral lines S with the central core space 30 are evenly around the circumference of the core space 30, so that the six spiral lines S at 0 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 °, 240 ° and 300 ° with respect to the first angle (start angle) ß 0 are arranged on the circumference of the core space 30.
  • the spiral-shaped lines S 1, and thus the spirally extended packing elements 10, have the largest inside, that is, adjacent to the central core space 30
  • Curvature wherein the curvature toward the outside, so towards the casing 21 of the tube 20, is lower.
  • the core space 30 has a circular cylindrical surface 31. Furthermore, an end 16 of a
  • the structure shown in Figures 2 and 3 is made by 3D printing, so that the packing elements 10 need not be bent in a separate step to effect the curvature along the spiral lines S, but so that the curvature directly upon printing the packing elements 10 can be produced.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a pack 1 according to the invention in a tube 20, which is designed analogously to the pack 1 shown in FIG.
  • the package 1 shown in FIG. 4 has additional packing elements 10, which are arranged in the central core space 30, so that essentially the entire shell space 22 is filled with packing elements 10. In this case, arranged in the core space 30 further
  • Packing elements 10 in particular not spiral, but may have any shape that is suitable to fill the central core space 30.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has the advantage that the homogeneity of the pack 10 is further increased, in that maldistributions or a transport of the phases along the longitudinal axis past the pack 1, in the region of the core space 30, are avoided.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show schematic cross-sectional representations of tubes 20 with helical lines S (shown here in solid lines), along which the packing elements 10 of the package 1 according to the invention are extended. In FIGS. 5 and 6, the relationship between the number of packing elements 10 and the circumference of the central core space 30 and the maximum curvature at a constant distance d (see FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a pack 1 with two packing elements 10
  • FIG. 6 shows a pack 1 with 32 packing elements 10.
  • Packing elements 10 a comparatively small core space 30 at relatively large maximum curvature of the packing elements 10, while in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the large number of packing elements 10 has the result that the central core space 30 is significantly larger and the maximum curvature is less than
  • a design of the package 1 suitable for the respective application can be selected, in particular taking into account the maximum curvature that can be generated by means of 3D printing.
  • the core space 30 of the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6 has a circular cylindrical surface 31.
  • an end 16 of a respective packing element 10 is shown by way of example in each case, at which a first tangent t1 of the respective spiral-shaped line S encloses an angle ⁇ with a second tangent t2 of the lateral surface 31.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a detail of the package 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2. Here, two adjacent ones are shown
  • the packing elements 10 are extended along a longitudinal axis L which corresponds to the above-mentioned longitudinal axis of the pack 1 shown in FIG.
  • the said mountains 1 1 and valleys 12 extend at an inclination ⁇ with respect to the longitudinal axis L, wherein the adjacent packing elements 10 are positioned so that the mountains 1 1 and valleys 12 of the first packing layer 10 at an angle of 90 ° to the mountains 1 1 and valleys 12 of the second packing layer 10 run.
  • the packing elements 10 shown in FIG. 8 also have through-holes 14, which further improve the lateral cross-mixing or heat distribution between adjacent spaces.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation in longitudinal section of a column 40 extending along a column axis a for material and / or energy exchange, in which a package 1 according to the invention with a packing height hp is arranged in a jacket space 22 of a tube 20 delimited by a jacket 21.
  • the package 1 consists in this embodiment of two stacked packing layers 41, between which a mixing element 42 is arranged, wherein the mixing element 42 is adapted to direct substances and / or heat perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.
  • the column has a head 43 with a first feed line 45 and a sump 44 with a second feed line 46.
  • a liquid phase F can be introduced into the shell space 22, so that the liquid phase F through the Pack 1 raining down.
  • a gaseous phase G can be introduced into the shell space 22 via the second supply line 46, so that the gaseous phase G can rise in the packing 1 and can come into contact with the falling liquid phase F, so that a substance and / or Energy exchange between the liquid phase F and the gaseous phase G can take place.
  • the inventive structure of the packing 1 ensures improved cross-mixing perpendicular to the column axis a and longitudinal axis L between the liquid phase F and the gaseous phase G.
  • the gaseous phase G is withdrawn from the column 40 in particular via an outlet at the head 43 and the liquid phase F is withdrawn from the column 40 in particular via an outlet at the sump 44.
  • FIG. 10 shows two variants of the pack 1 according to the invention, which has packing layers 41 arranged along the longitudinal axis L, in particular one above the other.
  • FIG. 10A shows an embodiment in which the ends 60 of the packing elements 10 of a respective packing layer 41 lie in a common horizontal plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. This results in the stacking of the packing layers 41 a joint between the
  • Packing layers 41 which runs along the said horizontal plane. For better visibility of the joints the packing layers 41 are shown in Fig. 10 spaced. However, the packing layers 41 may be attached to the
  • FIG. 10B has packing layers 41 which each have first packing elements 10a and second packing elements 10b, wherein the first and second packing elements 10a, 10b are offset from each other along the longitudinal axis L or parallel to the longitudinal axis L (axially). That is, the ends 60 of the first and second packing elements 10a, 10b are also axially offset.
  • the first and second packing elements 10a, 10b of the stacked packing elements 41 are offset axially relative to each other such that the first packing elements 10a of the two packing layers 41 and the second
  • Packing elements 10b of the two packing layers 41 each form a joint, wherein the joints are also axially offset from each other, so do not lie in a common horizontal plane.
  • the axial offset of the packing elements 10a, 10b shown in FIG. 10B has the advantage that flow-mechanical inhomogeneities that can lead to accumulation of liquid in the transition region of the packing layers are avoided.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un emballage (1) d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie. L'emballage comporte au moins deux éléments d'emballage (10). Les éléments d'emballage (10) réalisent un corps s'étendant le long d'un axe longitudinal (L) pourvu d'un espace central (30) doté d'une surface enveloppante (31) de forme cylindrique et d'un côté extérieur (15). Les éléments d'emballage (10) s'étendent de manière perpendiculaire par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (L) respectivement le long d'une ligne (S) en forme de spirale. La ligne (S) en forme de spirale respective s'étend depuis l'espace central (30) vers le côté extérieur (15). Des lignes (S) en forme de spirale adjacentes présentent de manière perpendiculaire par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (L) une distance (d) constante les unes par rapport aux autres. Une première tangente (t1) de la ligne (S) en forme de spirale forme, au niveau d'une extrémité (16) respective des éléments d'emballage (10), avec une deuxième tangente (t2) de la surface enveloppante (31) un angle (γ) allant de 45° à 135°, la première tangente (t1) et la deuxième tangente (t2) s'étendant de manière perpendiculaire par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (L). L'invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé servant à fabriquer l'emballage (1) selon l'invention. Les éléments d'emballage (10) sont imprimés au moyen d'un procédé d'impression 3D. L'invention concerne également un procédé d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie entre une première phase et une deuxième phase, et un procédé servant à évacuer la chaleur de réaction en utilisant l'emballage (1) selon l'invention.
PCT/EP2018/025179 2017-06-29 2018-06-28 Emballage d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie WO2019001775A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17020275 2017-06-29
EP17020275.8 2017-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019001775A1 true WO2019001775A1 (fr) 2019-01-03

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020047613A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 Curtin University Garnissage structuré

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030116871A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Steven Ringo Structured packing
DE102012012997A1 (de) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Selbstfixierende strukturierte Packung für Wärme- und/oder Stoffaustausch
WO2016138996A1 (fr) * 2015-03-05 2016-09-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Colonne d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie destinée au traitement d'un fluide et procédé de production de ce dispositif

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030116871A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Steven Ringo Structured packing
DE102012012997A1 (de) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Selbstfixierende strukturierte Packung für Wärme- und/oder Stoffaustausch
WO2016138996A1 (fr) * 2015-03-05 2016-09-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Colonne d'échange de matière et/ou d'énergie destinée au traitement d'un fluide et procédé de production de ce dispositif

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020047613A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 Curtin University Garnissage structuré
JP2021536351A (ja) * 2018-09-06 2021-12-27 カーティン ユニバーシティ 構造化充填物
US11602726B2 (en) 2018-09-06 2023-03-14 Curtin University Structured packing
JP7499230B2 (ja) 2018-09-06 2024-06-13 カーティン ユニバーシティ 構造化充填物

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