WO2018230715A1 - Granulés de combustible, système d'utilisation de biomasse en tant que source de combustible et procédé de production de granulés de combustible dérivés de biomasse - Google Patents

Granulés de combustible, système d'utilisation de biomasse en tant que source de combustible et procédé de production de granulés de combustible dérivés de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018230715A1
WO2018230715A1 PCT/JP2018/022949 JP2018022949W WO2018230715A1 WO 2018230715 A1 WO2018230715 A1 WO 2018230715A1 JP 2018022949 W JP2018022949 W JP 2018022949W WO 2018230715 A1 WO2018230715 A1 WO 2018230715A1
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Prior art keywords
biomass
raw material
fuel
carbonization
crushing
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PCT/JP2018/022949
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
圭介 合田
則次 藤本
寛之 高宮
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大王製紙株式会社
ダイオーエンジニアリング株式会社
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Priority to JP2018562374A priority Critical patent/JP6517455B1/ja
Publication of WO2018230715A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018230715A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel pellet made from biomass such as palm empty fruit bunch discarded at a palm product manufacturing plant, a biomass fuel conversion system, and a method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet.
  • biomass fuel that has been put into a mill (pulverizer) together with coal remains without being pulverized by a roller, it may prevent passage of air for conveyance As a result, the amount of pulverized material in the mill increases, which increases the pressure difference between the mill inlet and the mill, which hinders fuel supply.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is that the calorific value is large, it is difficult to deteriorate the boiler, and the co-firing rate, which is the ratio by the calorie conversion of the biomass to the total fuel used when co-firing biomass and other fuels, can be improved. It is to provide a fuel pellet, a biomass fuel conversion system, and a method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet.
  • the fuel pellet according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the content of a substance causing scale and / or a substance causing corrosion is reduced when a boiler is used.
  • the fuel pellet according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the calorific value is 20 MJ / kg or more.
  • the fuel pellet according to the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the biomass is a palm empty fruit bunch.
  • the substance causing the scale is at least one of sodium and potassium, and the substance causing the corrosion is at least chlorine. It is characterized by.
  • the sodium content is 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less
  • the potassium content is 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less
  • the chlorine content is 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less.
  • the fuel pellet according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the moisture content is 0% or more and 10% or less.
  • the fuel pellet according to the seventh aspect of the present invention reduces the content of substances that cause scale in the raw material by washing the crushed raw material with room temperature water or hot water, Reduce the water content of the raw material with a reduced content of the causative substance, further crush the raw material with the reduced water content, granulate the crushed raw material into a fuel shape, and then carbonize
  • the co-firing rate which is the ratio of the biomass in terms of calorie conversion to the total fuel used when co-firing biomass and other fuels, is improved.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system includes a crushing device for crushing a raw material made of biomass so as to promote elution of substances that cause scale in the raw material, and crushing by the crushing device.
  • a cleaning device that reduces the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material by washing the raw material with normal temperature water or warm water, and the content of the substance causing the scale in the cleaning device is
  • a drying device that reduces the moisture content of the reduced raw material, and a content of a substance that causes corrosion in the raw material whose moisture content is reduced by the drying device, further reducing the moisture content
  • the content of the substance causing corrosion is reduced in the granulator for granulating into the shape of the above, or in the raw material granulated by the granulator, the moisture content is further reduced
  • the carbonization apparatus heats the raw material in steam and semi-carbonizes it, or the frying apparatus heats the raw material in oil and carbonizes it. It is characterized by being.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonizing apparatus is a frying apparatus that heats and carbonizes a raw material in oil.
  • the carbonization device heats the raw material in steam and semi-carbonizes it, and the fly that heats and carbonizes the raw material in oil.
  • a mixing device for mixing raw materials carbonized by the semi-carbonizing device and the frying device.
  • the method for producing a biomass-derived fuel pellet according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing a raw material made of biomass so as to promote elution of substances that cause scale in the raw material,
  • the raw material crushed in the crushing process is washed with normal temperature water or warm water to reduce the content of the substance causing the scale in the raw material, and in the washing process, the substance causing the scale
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing method according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonization step is a semi-carbonization step in which the raw material is heated and semi-carbonized.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing method according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the carbonization step is a frying step in which the raw material is heated in oil and carbonized.
  • the carbonization step comprises heating a raw material in steam to semi-carbonize, and heating the raw material in oil. And a mixing step of mixing the raw materials carbonized by the semi-carbonizing step and the frying step.
  • the fuel pellet has a large calorific value, is difficult to deteriorate the boiler, and can improve the co-firing rate, which is a ratio in terms of the calorific value of biomass with respect to the total fuel used when co-firing biomass and other fuels.
  • a biomass fuel conversion system and a method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets are provided.
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the biomass fuel conversion system which concerns on 1st embodiment
  • FIG. 1C is a configuration diagram of a biomass fueling system according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 1D is a configuration diagram of a biomass fueling system according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing a flow of a fuel pellet manufacturing method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing a flow of a first manufacturing method
  • FIG. 2B is a flowchart showing a flow of a second manufacturing method
  • FIG. 2D is a flowchart which shows the flow of a 4th manufacturing method.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the crusher which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the grinder which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the washing tank which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the dryer which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the carbonization apparatus system which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the ring die type granulator which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • It is a schematic diagram of the fryer which concerns on this Embodiment.
  • FIG. 12A is a configuration diagram of a biomass fuel conversion system according to the fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 12B is a configuration of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the sixth embodiment
  • a block diagram and FIG. 12C are block diagrams of the biomass fuel conversion system which concerns on 7th embodiment.
  • FIG. 13A is a flowchart showing a flow of a fifth manufacturing method
  • FIG. 13B is a flowchart showing a flow of a sixth manufacturing method
  • FIG. 13C is a flowchart showing a flow of a fuel pellet manufacturing method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14A is a configuration diagram of a biomass fuel conversion system according to the eighth embodiment
  • FIG. 14B is a configuration of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the ninth embodiment
  • FIG. 14C is a configuration diagram of the biomass fueling system according to the tenth embodiment
  • FIG. 14D is a configuration diagram of the biomass fueling system according to the eleventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 15A is a flowchart showing the flow of the eighth manufacturing method
  • FIG. 15B is a flowchart showing the flow of the ninth manufacturing method
  • FIG. 15C is a flowchart showing the flow of the fuel pellet manufacturing method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 15D is a flowchart showing the flow of the eleventh manufacturing method.
  • FIG. 16E is a configuration diagram of a biomass fuel conversion system according to the twelfth embodiment
  • FIG. 16F is a biomass fuel conversion according to the thirteenth embodiment. It is a block diagram of a system.
  • FIG. 17E is a flowchart showing a flow of a twelfth manufacturing method
  • FIG. 17F is a flowchart showing a flow of a thirteenth manufacturing method. .
  • the biomass used as the raw material for the fuel pellets of the present invention includes palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm palm shell (PKS), pulp fiber, palm palm pruned branches, palm palm old tree (trunk), or Falkata Shell, bark, pruned branch of Falkata, old Falkata tree, or Eucalyptus, Acacia, Abragiri, mangrove bark (bark), heartwood after wood chip acquisition, pruned branch, empty fruit bunch of banana, banana pruning Examples include wastes of branches, banana leaves, old banana trees or pineapples, tropical plants made of soybean grass, or wood wastes of wood fragments and bark. Further, the present specification by no means specifies the members shown in the claims to the members of the embodiments.
  • each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are configured by the same member and the plurality of elements are shared by one member. It can also be realized by sharing. (Raw materials 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, A11, B11, C11, D11, E11, F11)
  • the raw materials 111, 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711 are palm empty fruit bunches.
  • the raw materials A11, B11, C11, D11, E11, and F11 are palm palm foliage that generally has a higher water content than palm empty fruit bunches or the like.
  • Palm empty fruit bunch is used as a waste palm fruit discarded from the factory as an unused material. Palm empty fruit bunch has a hollow shape and is bulky, so if you want to use what is discarded as fuel as it is, there is a problem that it does not meet the transfer cost, sodium contained in palm empty fruit bunch, Potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass, etc., block boilers, etc., and chlorine, sulfur, etc. corrode water pipes, etc. It had been. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the above-mentioned substances are removed and pelletized to produce fuel pellets made from palm empty fruit bunches.
  • palm acid oil is used as the oil used in the frying device 226.
  • Biomass-derived fuel pellets 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 are respectively used for biomass-derived fuel pellets using biomass fueling systems 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 described later. Manufactured by manufacturing methods 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 will be mainly described, and the biomass-derived fuel pellets 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 are omitted from the description of the steps overlapping with the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11, and different steps. explain.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is made of palm empty fruit bunches and has a calorific value of 18 MJ / kg or more and 27 MJ / kg or less, more preferably 20 MJ / kg or more, and even more preferably 23 MJ / kg or more, sodium, Content of substances that cause scale when using boilers such as potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass, and content of substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine and sulfur This is a fuel pellet with reduced fuel consumption.
  • Biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 are fuel pellets having a potassium content that causes a scale when using a boiler in a range of 0 mg / kg to 2000 mg / kg, more preferably 0 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg. Further, the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is also a fuel pellet having a sodium content that causes a scale when using a boiler in the same manner as a fuel pellet of 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less. is there. When the content of both potassium and sodium exceeds 2000 mg / kg, it becomes easy to scale.
  • Biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 are fuel pellets having a chlorine content that causes corrosion when using a boiler in the range of 0 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg, more preferably 0 mg / kg to 500 mg / kg. If the chlorine content exceeds 1000 mg / kg, corrosion tends to occur.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is a fuel pellet having a sulfur concentration that causes corrosion when using a boiler of 0% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less, more preferably 0% by mass or more and 0.10% by mass or less. . When the sulfur concentration exceeds 0.20% by mass, corrosion tends to occur.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellets 51, 61, 71 reduce the content of substances that cause scale such as potassium in the raw material by washing the crushed raw material with normal temperature water or hot water, and cause the scale.
  • the water content of the raw material with a reduced content of the substance By reducing the water content of the raw material with a reduced content of the substance, further crushing the raw material with the reduced water content, granulating the crushed raw material into the shape of a fuel, and then carbonizing the mixture, This is a fuel pellet with an improved rate.
  • the size of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is preferably ⁇ 5 mm to ⁇ 25 mm, more preferably ⁇ 6 mm to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • pellet size has preferable ⁇ 6 mm or more and ⁇ 10 mm or less.
  • the fuel pellets 11 and 21 can be used as fuel pellets as they are in an existing boiler. The pellets can be mixed or replaced.
  • the length of the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 can be appropriately changed according to the specifications of the boiler and the like.
  • biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 will be described in detail in later-described biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing methods 13, 23, 33, and 43. (Biomass fuel conversion system 12 according to the first embodiment)
  • FIG. 1A shows a configuration of a biomass fuel conversion system 12 according to the first embodiment, which is a preferred embodiment of a biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention.
  • the biomass fueling system 12 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 111.
  • the crushing apparatus 121 which makes the crushed material 112 by crushing the raw material 111 which consists of palm empty fruit bunches and crushing the fiber, and the causative substance of the scale contained in the crushed material 112 by washing the crushed material 112
  • the drying device 124 for reducing the moisture content of the washed product 113, and carbonizing the dried product 114 after reducing the moisture content by the drying device 124.
  • the carbonization device 126 to make the carbide 117 with reduced quality and increased heat per unit weight
  • the granulation device 128 to granulate the carbide 117 into the fuel shape to make the fuel pellet 11, and the heat quantity of the fuel pellet 11
  • a measuring / mixing device 129 that measures the fragility and the like and mixes the fuel pellets 11 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.
  • to promote the solute of the substance that causes the scale does not mean to promote the elution of all the substances that cause the scale.
  • reducing the substances that cause scale in the raw material does not mean reducing all the substances that cause scale, but when reducing at least one of the substances that cause scale. There is also a possibility. The same applies to substances that cause corrosion.
  • biomass fueling system will be described in detail in later-described biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing methods 13, 23, 33, and 43. (First production method 13 of biomass-derived fuel pellets)
  • biomass-derived fuel pellets 11, the biomass fueling system 12, and the first production method 13 for biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention will be described in detail along the steps for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets.
  • FIG. 2A is a flowchart showing the flow of the first method 13 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the crusher 1211 according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the grinder 1212.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the washing tank 1221
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the carbonizer system 1261
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the ring die granulator 1281.
  • the 1st manufacturing method 13 of the biomass origin fuel pellet which concerns on this Embodiment is sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass etc. which are contained in the raw material 111
  • the crushing step 131 into the crushed material 112 By crushing the raw material 111 consisting of empty palm fruit bunches and crushing the fibers so as to promote the elution of the substance that causes the scale of the crushing, the crushing step 131 into the crushed material 112, and by washing the crushed material 112
  • the drying process 134 for reducing the water content of the cleaning product 113 to the dry product 114
  • the drying process 134 After reducing the moisture content, the dried product 114 is carbonized to further reduce the moisture content and be included in the dried product 114.
  • a carbonization step 136 for reducing the amount of substances that cause corrosion when using a boiler such as chlorine, sulfur, etc. and increasing the amount of heat per unit weight to a carbide 117, and granulating the carbide 117 into a fuel shape, and fuel pellets 11 and a measurement / mixing step 139 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellets 11 and mixing the fuel pellets 11 so that the quality of the product is constant.
  • the crushing device 121 is used to break the cell wall, so that the causative substance of scale such as potassium contained in a large amount in the palm empty fruit bunch as a raw material is easily eluted in the washing step 132. It is a pre-processing process for.
  • the raw material 111 uses a palm empty fruit bunch discarded as unused material from a factory or the like, and thus has a large volume.
  • the palm empty fruit bunch as a raw material is crushed to 5 mm to 50 mm, more preferably 10 mm to 20 mm (volume reduction) into a crushed material 112A by a crusher 1211 as described later.
  • the surfaces of the crushed materials 112A are compacted by a grinder 1212 as will be described later, and are rubbed together, whereby a large number of scratches are made on the surface of the crushed materials 112A.
  • the causative substance of the scale is eluted from the broken cell wall in the cleaning step 132. It can be removed in a short time.
  • the crushing device 121 used in the crushing step 131 is, for example, a crusher 1211 that shears the raw material 111 or a crusher 1212 that crushes the fibers by compacting and crushing the crushed materials 112A and destroys the fibers. it can.
  • a crusher 1211 for example, a crusher as shown in FIG. 3 can be used.
  • the grinder 1212 can use the grinder as shown, for example in FIG.
  • the crushing apparatus is not particularly limited as long as it is an apparatus capable of crushing, crushing, grinding, etc. For example, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, a refiner, a hammer type crusher, a kneader, or the like can be used.
  • the crusher 1211 includes an inlet 1211A for feeding the raw material 111, a rotary blade 1211E and a fixed blade 1211F for crushing the fed raw material 111, and a rotor 1211D to which the rotary blade 1211E is attached.
  • a pusher 1211C that presses the raw material 111 against the rotor 1211D
  • a crushing chamber 1211B in which a fixed blade 1211F is attached
  • a screen 1211G that is provided with a plurality of holes and that passes only the crushed material 112A that is roughly crushed to a predetermined size or less.
  • a discharge port 1211H for discharging the roughly crushed crushed material 112A that has passed through the screen 1211G.
  • the raw material 111 is introduced into the crushing chamber 1211B from the inlet 1211A of the crusher 1211.
  • the charged raw material 111 is pressed against the rotor 1211D by the pusher 1211C.
  • the pressed raw material 111 is repeatedly crushed by the rotating blade 1211E attached to the rotor 1211D and the fixed blade 1211F attached in the crushing chamber 1211B until the size passes through the screen 1211G.
  • the crushed material 112A that has passed through the screen 1211G is discharged from the discharge port 1211H.
  • the size of the hole of the screen 1211G is ⁇ 50 mm.
  • the attritor 1212 includes an inlet 1212A for feeding the coarsely crushed crushed material 112A, a cylindrical portion 1212B for receiving the crushed material 112A, and an inputted crushed material 112A.
  • the rotating blade portion 1212D and the fixed blade portion 1212E for grinding the material, the spiral rotating body 1212C for transferring the crushed material 112A between the rotating blade portion 1212D and the fixed blade portion 1212E, and the ground crushed material 112B are discharged.
  • a discharge port 1212F a discharge port 1212F.
  • the crushed material 112A is introduced into the cylindrical portion 1212B from the inlet 1212A of the grinder 1212.
  • the charged crushed material 112A is pushed between the rotary blade portion 1212D and the fixed blade portion 1212E by the spiral rotating body 1212C. It is crushed by the rotating blade portion 1212D and the fixed blade portion 1212E.
  • the crushed crushed material 112B is discharged from the discharge port 1212F.
  • the ground crushed material 112B is referred to as a crushed material 112.
  • the crushing method is not limited to physical treatment, and may be any method that can break the cell wall, and may be freezing treatment, ultrasonic treatment, chemical treatment, microbial treatment, and the like.
  • the causative substance of the scale can be removed uniformly in the cleaning step described later, and in addition, it can be uniformly carbonized in the carbonization step described later. Therefore, the quality of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 can be made uniform. Further, by crushing finely, elution is possible even with low-temperature water. (Washing process 132)
  • the cleaning step 132 is a step for removing scale-causing substances such as potassium that are contained in the raw material and block the boiler or the like when the fuel pellet is used.
  • the crushed material 112 treated in the pulverized step 131 is immersed in water to elute scale-causing substances such as potassium contained in the crushed material 112 into water.
  • the water temperature is 20 ° C. or higher and 110 ° C. or lower, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.
  • the elution time varies depending on the crushing condition in the crushing step 131, the variety of the eggplant that is the raw material, and the mixing ratio. Therefore, it is desirable to perform sampling and measure the remaining amount of the causative substance of the scale with a measuring machine.
  • a cleaning tank 1221 can be used as the cleaning device 122 used in the cleaning step 132.
  • the cleaning tank 1221 has an input port 1221A for charging the crushed material 112, a cleaning chamber 1221B for cleaning the crushed material 112, an agitator 1221C for stirring the water in the cleaning chamber 1221B, A heating mechanism 1221D for heating water in the cleaning chamber 1221B and a discharge port 1221E for discharging the cleaning object 113 are provided.
  • the crushed material 112 is introduced into a cleaning chamber 1221B filled with water of about 80 ° C. from the inlet 1221A and immersed in water for several minutes to several days.
  • the washing tank 1221 can be equipped with a stirrer 1221C. By stirring, elution of the causative substance of the scale is promoted, and uniform removal can be performed.
  • the cleaning tank 1221 can include a heating mechanism 1221D, and elution of the causative substance of the scale is promoted by increasing the temperature of water in the cleaning chamber 1221B.
  • the heating mechanism 1221D is, for example, a pipe that is wound around the cleaning room and passes hot water discharged from the factory, and heat exchange is performed between the water in the cleaning room and the hot water in the pipe. Water in the cleaning chamber is heated.
  • the cleaned product 113 is discharged from the discharge port 1221E. Prior to the drying process, dehydration may be performed with a dehydrator such as a screw press (not shown).
  • the number of times of washing is not limited to once, and washing and dehydration may be performed multiple times.
  • a dehydration / cleaning device such as a tilt extractor (not shown) can be used.
  • the water used for the small amount of the causative substance of the scale may be reused for the one having the large amount of the causative substance of the scale.
  • Crushed and washed biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 can reduce the content of substances that cause scale when using a boiler.
  • the potassium content of the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 is preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less.
  • the drying step 134 is a step for reducing the energy required for carbonization in the carbonization step 136 by reducing the amount of water in the cleaning object 113 processed in the cleaning step 132.
  • the drying step 134 is an effective means of using a dryer 1241 that uses surplus energy such as waste heat in the factory, or natural drying such as sun drying. In order to dry naturally in a shorter time, it is effective to increase the surface area by using a cloth or a net.
  • the water content of the washed product 113 is less than 15% as a guide, but it is preferable to move to the carbonization step 136 in a state where the water content is further lowered from the viewpoint of energy saving and manufacturing cost.
  • drying device 124 used in the drying process 134 for example, a dryer 1241 or a drying system can be used.
  • the dryer 1241 is a device that is dried by high-temperature hot air such as a washing dryer. When such a dryer 1241 is used, it is preferable to use surplus energy in the factory.
  • the dryer 1241 is fixed and rotated inside the raw material inlet 1241A into which the cleaning product 113 is charged, the rotating shell 1241B that rotates the charged cleaning material 113, and the rotating shell 1241B.
  • a main pipe 1241C for sending hot air to the cleaning object 113, a heat source mechanism 1241E for heating outside air supplied from outside the system, a combustion fan 1241F for blowing outside air necessary for combustion in the heat source mechanism 1241E, and a heat source mechanism 1241E
  • a suction fan 1241G for sucking heated hot air into the rotary shell 1241B via the main pipe 1241C, a dust collector 1241H for separating particles such as dust from the exhaust gas in the rotary shell 1241B, and a dust collector 1241H.
  • Exhaust fan for discharging exhaust gas from which particles such as dust have been removed to the outside of the system It comprises a 1241I, and a dried product outlet 1241J for discharging dried product 114 was dried in a rotary shell 1241b. Further, the dryer 1241 is reused by supplying exhaust gas in a heated state after particles such as dust are removed by the dust collector 1241H to the heat source mechanism 1241E.
  • the cleaning product 113 is supplied from the raw material inlet 1241A, heated by the heat source mechanism 1241E while rotating in the rotary shell 1241B, and dried by being exposed to the hot air blown through the main pipe 1241C by the suction fan 1241G.
  • the dried product 114 having a moisture content of about 15% is discharged from the dried product outlet 1241J.
  • the carbonization step 136 is a step for carbonizing the dried product 114 processed in the drying step 134 to remove chlorine that causes corrosion when using the boiler and to increase calories per unit weight.
  • Carbonization of the hemicellulose at 200 ° C to 300 ° C which is the thermal decomposition temperature, is called trefaction (semi-carbonization). It retains a higher amount of heat and improves crushability and water resistance compared to carbonization at high temperatures. To do. On the other hand, carbonization at 300 ° C. or higher has an effect of reducing unnecessary components.
  • carbonization is a concept including semi-carbonization, and in the first embodiment, a method of semi-carbonization at 200 ° C. or more and less than 300 ° C. is described, and in the second embodiment, 300 ° C. or more. The method of carbonizing with will be described. (First example of carbonization process)
  • the dried product 114 is semi-carbonized.
  • the yield increases and the fuel pellet 11 with a large calorific value can be manufactured.
  • the dried product 114 dried in the drying step 134 is in water vapor at 200 ° C. or higher and 290 ° C. or lower, more preferably in water vapor at 220 ° C. or higher and 280 ° C. or lower, further preferably 230 ° C. or higher and 270 ° C. or lower. Heated in steam and semi-carbonized. If it is less than 200 ° C., it may not be semi-carbonized, and if it exceeds 290 ° C., cellulose is decomposed and the amount of heat decreases, which is not preferable. Since the carbonization temperature varies depending on the varieties of palms and the crushing size, it is appropriately changed.
  • the semi-carbonization time is preferably 60 minutes or less, and more preferably 40 minutes or less. This is because the long-time treatment may cause cellulose to be decomposed. However, about processing time, it is not limited to 60 minutes or less, It can change suitably with the kind and crushed size of palm.
  • the heating temperature does not need to be a constant temperature, and can be heated with various heat patterns such as gradually increasing the temperature.
  • a carbonization apparatus for example, a carbonization system 1261 as shown in FIG. 7 can be used.
  • the carbonization system 1261 heats the steam boiler 1261A that generates saturated steam at 100 ° C. and the saturated steam at 100 ° C. under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure to generate steam at 100 ° C. or higher.
  • Heat exchange that lowers the temperature of the superheated steam generator 1261B, the carbonization furnace 1261C that carbonizes the dried product 114 with superheated steam, the cyclone 1261D that removes dust discharged from the carbonization furnace 1261C, and the gas discharged from the carbonization furnace 1261C 1261E, a cooling tower 1261F for cooling the cooling water for cooling the heat exchanger 1261E, and a scrubber 1261G for cleaning, adsorbing, and discharging unnecessary gases such as hydrogen chloride and hydrocarbons discharged from the carbonization furnace 1261C. ing.
  • the dried product 114 dried in the drying step 134 is charged from the charging port of the carbonization furnace 1261C.
  • Steam steam 1261A generates saturated steam at 100 ° C.
  • the generated steam is sent to superheated steam generator 1261B to generate 250 ° C. superheated steam.
  • superheated steam is sent from the superheated steam generator 1261B to the carbonization furnace 1261C whose inlet is closed.
  • the dried product 114 is heated by a superheated steam in a carbonization furnace 1261C maintained at about 250 ° C. for about 30 minutes to become a carbide 117.
  • the dried product 114 is carbonized at 300 ° C. or higher.
  • the dried product 114 dried in the drying step 134 is heated using a carbonization system 1261 at a heating steam of 700 ° C. and a furnace temperature of 400 ° C. to be carbonized.
  • a carbonization system 1261 Heating steam of 700 ° C. and a furnace temperature of 400 ° C. to be carbonized.
  • the granulation step 138 is a step for forming the carbide 117 carbonized in the carbonization step 136 into pellets that are easy to transport and use.
  • Examples of the granulator 128 include a ring die type granulator 1281 as shown in FIG. 8, a flat die type granulator, and a screw type granulator (as described in JP-A-63-214421). "Industrial waste compression molding equipment"), extrusion extruders, etc.
  • the ring die type granulator 1281 includes a charging port 1281A for charging carbides 117, a ring die 1281C having innumerable holes of approximately the diameter size of pellets, and a charged carbide 117 as a ring die.
  • the carbide 117 is charged from the charging port 1281A. Subsequently, the charged carbide 117 is transferred into the ring die 1281C by a pushing device 1281B provided below the charging port 1281A. The carbide 117 transferred to the inside of the ring die 1281C is caught between the press roll 1281D and the ring die 1281C, and is pushed out through a plurality of holes of ⁇ 6 mm or ⁇ 8 mm provided in the ring die 1281C. The extruded carbide 117 is pelletized by being cut into a certain size by the cutter 1281E, and discharged from the discharge port 1281F.
  • the pellet size is preferably ⁇ 5 mm or more and ⁇ 25 mm or less, more preferably ⁇ 6 mm or more and ⁇ 10 mm or less.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 produced by this production method are easy to use with a general boiler, and in addition, are not easily broken during transportation. (Measurement / mixing step 139)
  • the measurement / mixing step 139 is a step for measuring the heat quantity, brittleness, etc. of the granulated fuel pellets and mixing them based on the measurement data to make the product quality constant.
  • Main measurement items are the remaining amount of substances that cause scales such as potassium, the remaining amount of substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine, and the calorific value per unit weight.
  • the blending ratio can be appropriately changed according to the type of the specification boiler based on the measurement data.
  • Biomass-derived fuel pellets use palm empty fruit bunches that are discarded as unused materials from factories or the like as raw material 111, so it is difficult to keep the quality of raw material 111 constant due to various factors such as varieties and individual differences, Variations appear. Due to the variation in the raw material 111, the components and properties of the manufactured fuel pellets 11 are different. Therefore, measurement is performed for predetermined items, and the fuel pellets 11 are mixed based on the measurement data. By measuring and mixing, biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 with stable quality can be provided. (Biomass fuel conversion system 22 according to the second embodiment)
  • FIG. 1B shows a configuration of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the second embodiment, which is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system 22 promotes the elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 211.
  • the crushing device 221 that makes the crushed material 212 by crushing the raw material 211 made of palm empty fruit bunches and crushing the fibers, and the causative substance of the scale contained in the crushed material 212 by washing the crushed material 212
  • the drying device 224 that reduces the water content of the cleaning material 213 and reduces the water content of the cleaning material 213, and the drying device 224.
  • a frying device 226 that reduces the substances that cause corrosion when using the llar and increases the amount of heat per unit weight to make the carbide 217, and a granulating device that granulates the carbide 217 into a fuel shape and makes the fuel pellet 21 228 and a measurement / mixing device 229 that measures the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 21 and mixes the fuel pellet 21 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.
  • biomass fuel conversion system 22 Details of the biomass fuel conversion system 22 will be described in a biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing method 23 described later. (Second production method 23 of biomass-derived fuel pellets)
  • FIG. 2B is a flowchart showing the flow of the second method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the fly device 226 according to the present embodiment.
  • the second manufacturing method 23 of the biomass-derived fuel pellets is the same as the process described in the manufacturing method 13 of the biomass-derived fuel pellets except for the carbonization step 236 and the granulation step 238, and is crushed.
  • Step 231, washing step 232, drying step 234, measurement / mixing step 239 correspond to crushing step 131, washing step 132, drying step 134, measurement / mixing step 139, respectively.
  • the dried product 214 dried in the drying step 234 is, in the oil of 120 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less, more preferably in the oil of 140 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, more preferably 150 ° C. by the frying device 226. It is heated in oil at 170 ° C. or lower and carbonized. If it is less than 120 degreeC, processing time may take too much, and when it exceeds 300 degreeC, since a cellulose will decompose
  • the carbonization temperature can be set as appropriate because it varies depending on the variety of palm and the crushing size.
  • the carbonization time is preferably from 10 minutes to 90 minutes, more preferably from 20 minutes to 60 minutes, and further preferably from 50 minutes to 70 minutes. This is because if it is less than 10 minutes, hemicellulose that is not decomposed may remain, and if it exceeds 90 minutes, cellulose may be decomposed. However, about processing time, it is not limited to 10 minutes or more and 90 minutes or less, It can set suitably with the kind of palm, and crushing size.
  • the heating temperature does not need to be a constant temperature, and can be heated with various heat patterns such as gradually increasing the temperature.
  • the frying device 226 includes an oil tank 2261A for putting oil and a warmer 2261B for heating the oil stretched in the oil tank.
  • the heating method may be such that the dried product 214 in the basket is immersed in the heated oil for a certain period of time, or a method in which the conveyor on which the dried product 214 is placed moves in the oil. More efficient operation is possible by connecting the outlet of the drying device 224 directly to the charging port of the basket or conveyor.
  • the fully carbonized carbide 217 is degreased on a net or separated into excess oil using a centrifuge or a press and adjusted to a suitable oil amount.
  • the appropriate amount of oil is such that the oil does not separate when granulating in the granulation step 238, and is appropriately adjusted according to the degree of compression in the granulation step 238.
  • the granulation step 238 can use the same method and apparatus as the granulation step 138.
  • the pellet size is preferably from ⁇ 5 mm to ⁇ 25 mm, and more preferably from ⁇ 6 mm to ⁇ 10 mm.
  • FIG. 1C shows a preferred embodiment of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention, and shows the configuration of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the third embodiment.
  • the biomass fuel system 32 promotes the elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 311.
  • the primary crushed material 311 made of palm empty fruit bunches is crushed, and the primary crushed material 312 is washed into the primary crushed material 312, and the primary crushed material 312 is included in the primary crushed material 312.
  • the causative substance of the scale is reduced, the cleaning device 322 that makes the cleaning product 313, the drying device 324 that reduces the moisture content of the cleaning product 313 to make the dry product 314, and the moisture content is reduced by the drying device 324.
  • Secondary crushing device 325 for crushing dried product 314 to a size suitable for carbonization and granulation, and secondary crushing by secondary crushing device 325
  • Carbonizer 326 for increasing carbide 317, granulator 328 for granulating carbide 317 into fuel shape and fuel pellet 31, and measuring heat quantity and brittleness of fuel pellet 31, etc., product quality Is provided with a measuring / mixing device 329 for mixing the fuel pellets 31 so as to be constant.
  • FIG. 2C shows a flowchart showing the flow of the third method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention.
  • the third method 33 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets performs a primary crushing step 331 instead of the crushing step 131, and performs a secondary crushing step 335 before the carbonization step 336.
  • the other steps are the same as those described in the method 13 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, and the washing step 332, the drying step 334, the granulation step 338, the measurement / mixing step 339 are the washing step 132 and the drying step, respectively.
  • 134 corresponds to the granulation step 138 and the measurement / mixing step 139.
  • the primary crushing step 331 is substantially the same as the crushing step 131.
  • the raw material 311 mainly considers the easiness of elution of substances that cause scale such as potassium. Shredded to size. (Secondary crushing step 335)
  • the dried product 314 is crushed to a size optimized for the carbonization and granulation step. (Carbonization process 336)
  • the carbonization step 336 is the same as the carbonization step 136. (Biomass fuel conversion system 42 according to the fourth embodiment)
  • FIG. 1D shows a preferred embodiment of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention, and shows the configuration of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the biomass fueling system 42 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 411.
  • the primary crushed material 411 made of palm empty fruit bunches is crushed, and the primary crushed material 412 is washed by crushing the fibers to form the primary crushed material 412, and the primary crushed material 412 is included in the primary crushed material 412.
  • the causative substance of the scale is reduced, the cleaning device 422 that makes the cleaning product 413, the drying device 424 that reduces the moisture content of the cleaning product 413 to make the dry product 414, and the moisture content is reduced by the drying device 424.
  • a carbonization device 426 that reduces the substances that cause corrosion when using a boiler and increases the amount of heat per unit weight to a carbide 417; a secondary crushing device 427 that crushes the carbide 417 into a size suitable for granulation; The carbonized material 418 crushed by the secondary crushing device 427 is granulated into a fuel shape, and the granulation device 428 for making the fuel pellet 41 and the heat quantity, brittleness, etc. of the fuel pellet 41 are measured, and the product quality is constant.
  • a measuring / mixing device 429 for mixing the fuel pellets 41 is provided.
  • FIG. 2D shows a flowchart showing the flow of the fourth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention.
  • the fourth production method 43 for biomass-derived fuel pellets performs a primary crushing step 431 instead of the crushing step 131, and a secondary crushing step 437 is performed after the refracting step 436.
  • the other steps are the same as the steps described in the biomass-derived fuel pellet production method 13, and the washing step 432, the drying step 434, the granulation step 438, the measurement / mixing step 439 are respectively the washing step 132 and the drying step.
  • 134 corresponds to the granulation step 138 and the measurement / mixing step 139.
  • the primary crushing step 431 is the same as the primary crushing step 331. (Traffication process 436)
  • the dried product 414 whose moisture content has been reduced by the drying device 424 is semi-carbonized at 200 to 300 ° C. which is the thermal decomposition temperature of hemicellulose.
  • the specific method and the apparatus used are the same as the semi-carbonization in the carbonization step 136 except that the carbonization temperature is limited to 200 ° C to 300 ° C.
  • the carbide 417 can maintain a high amount of heat, and the friability and water resistance are improved. (Secondary crushing step 437)
  • the carbide 417 is crushed to a size that facilitates granulation.
  • the carbide 417 has improved crushability due to the trellising step 436, and can be crushed even with a smaller crusher than the secondary crusher in the third embodiment. Therefore, manufacturing energy and cost can be suppressed. (Removal test for scale-causing substances)
  • Example 2 which was washed in the washing step. Washing was repeated three times by using a badge-type washing tank, adding water, stirring for about 10 minutes, and then draining.
  • the content of the scale-causing substance was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after dry decomposition for potassium and sodium, and calculated in terms of dry sample. Moreover, about chlorine, it measured with the ion chromatograph using the combustion pipe
  • a 300 kg palm empty fruit bunch was roughly crushed using a ⁇ 50 screen in a crusher as shown in FIG. 3. Then, it grind
  • Example 2 the sample carbonized in the carbonization process 136 is also produced, and after the carbonization process of Example 1 by the above-mentioned measuring method. The content of scale-causing substances was also calculated. (Example 2)
  • FIG. 3 A 460 kg empty palm fruit bunch was roughly crushed using a rotor rotary blade and a ⁇ 50 screen in a crusher as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the photograph of the raw material after this rough crushing is shown in FIG.
  • the empty palm fruit bunch of Example 2 had a fiber length of about 30 to 70 mm, and the fiber was unwound. Thereafter, washing was performed three times, and the content of the scale-causing substance after the washing step of Example 2 was calculated by the measurement method described above. (Calorie measurement)
  • Table 1 shows the content of scale-causing substances in the empty palm bunch of Example 1 and Example 2 after washing.
  • the potassium content and the sodium content of the biomass-derived fuel pellets 11 are preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 2000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less.
  • the value was extremely low after the cleaning step, and the value was within the required numerical range after the carbonization step.
  • the chlorine content of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 11 is preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 1000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 0 mg / kg or more and 500 mg / kg or less. After the cleaning process, the value was extremely low, and after the carbonization process, the value was within the required numerical range.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet is required to have a calorific value of 18 MJ / kg or more and 27 MJ / kg or less, more preferably 20 MJ / kg or more.
  • the calorific value of the pellet was measured as a calorific value of 20.4 MJ / kg.
  • the raw material is mainly granulated in the form of fuel in the manufacturing process and then carbonized, so that the total use fuel for the co-firing of biomass and other fuels is reduced.
  • the experiments show that the produced carbide has a high co-firing rate and can produce a large calorific value at a practical level. Show. (Biomass fuel conversion system 52 according to the fifth embodiment)
  • FIG. 12A shows a configuration of a biomass fuel conversion system according to the fifth embodiment, which is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention.
  • the biomass fueling system 52 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 511.
  • the crushing device 521 that crushes the raw material 511 made of palm empty fruit bunches and crushes the fibers to make the crushed material 512 and the causative substance of the scale contained in the crushed product 512 by washing the crushed product 512
  • a cleaning device 522 that reduces the water content of the cleaning product 513 by reducing the moisture content of the cleaning product 513, and a drying device 524 that reduces the water content by the drying device 524.
  • the dried product 514 having a reduced water content by 524 is granulated in the form of a fuel to form a granulated product 516 and a granulated product 516.
  • the fuel that further reduces the amount of heat per unit weight by reducing substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the granulated product 516
  • a carbonization device 526 that converts the pellets 51 and a measurement / mixing device 529 that measures the amount of heat and brittleness of the fuel pellets 51 and mixes the fuel pellets 51 so that the quality of the product is constant are provided.
  • grinding for crushing the fibers may be omitted, and measurement by the measurement / mixing device 529 may be omitted.
  • FIG. 13A shows a flowchart showing the flow of the fifth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention.
  • the fifth production method 53 for biomass-derived fuel pellets is similar to the crushing step 131 to the drying step 134 in the first production method 13 for biomass-derived fuel pellets, from the crushing step 531 to the drying step 534. is there.
  • the fifth production method 53 is different from the first production method 13 in that there is a granulation step 538 after the drying step 534 and then a carbonization step 536 is performed.
  • the measurement / mixing step 539 corresponds to the measurement / mixing step 139.
  • the washing product is washed and dehydrated by the washing step 532 using the dryer 1241 or the drying system, and the moisture content is about 40%. 513 is dried until the water content is about 15%.
  • the carbide 117 was granulated by the ring die type granulator 1281, but in the granulation step 538, the moisture decreased through the drying step 534 using the ring die type granulator.
  • the dried product 514 is preferably granulated to a size of ⁇ 5 mm to ⁇ 25 mm, more preferably ⁇ 6 mm to ⁇ 10 mm. (Carbonization process 536)
  • the carbonization step 136 there are a first example of a carbonization step for semi-carbonizing the dried product 114 and a second example of a carbonization step for carbonizing the dried product 114, which are appropriately used.
  • the granulated material 516 is semi-carbonized or carbonized.
  • the fuel pellets 51 are firmly solidified, so that the water resistance as fuel pellets is improved.
  • heat treatment in the form of the granulated product 516, it is possible to carbonize without burning even if the fiber burns.
  • FIG. 12B shows the configuration of the biomass fueling system according to the sixth embodiment, which is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fueling system according to the present invention.
  • the biomass fueling system 62 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 611.
  • the crushing device 621 that crushes the raw material 611 made of palm empty fruit bunches and crushes the fiber to crush the product 612, and the crushing product 612 is washed to cause the scale contained in the crushed product 612.
  • the dried product 614 whose water content is reduced by 624 is granulated into a fuel shape, and the granulated device 628 is made into a granulated product 616, and the granulated product 616 is converted into charcoal.
  • the pellets 616 containing the chlorine, sulfur and other substances that cause corrosion when using the boiler are reduced, and the amount of heat per unit weight is increased.
  • 61, and a measuring / mixing device 629 that measures the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet 61 and mixes the fuel pellet 61 so that the quality of the product is constant.
  • FIG. 13B shows a flowchart showing the flow of the sixth method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention.
  • the sixth production method 63 for biomass-derived fuel pellets is the same as the process described in the fifth production method 53 for biomass-derived fuel pellets except for the carbonization step 636, and the crushing step 631.
  • the cleaning process 632, the drying process 634, the granulation process 638, and the measurement / mixing process 639 correspond to the crushing process 531, the cleaning process 532, the drying process 534, the granulation process 538, and the measurement / mixing process 539, respectively.
  • Carbonization step 636 Carbonization step 636
  • the granulated product 516 is semi-carbonized or carbonized by blowing steam and heating the granulated product 516.
  • the granulated product 616 is carbonized by the frying device 626.
  • the details of the carbonization step 636 are the same as those of the carbonization step 236, and thus will be omitted.
  • FIG. 12C shows a configuration of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the seventh embodiment, which is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system 72 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material 711.
  • the primary crushed product 712 is made by crushing the raw material 711 made of palm empty fruit bunches and grinding the fibers, thereby cleaning the primary crushed product 712 and the primary crushed product 712.
  • the causative substance of the scale is reduced, the cleaning device 722 that makes the cleaning product 713, the drying device 724 that reduces the moisture content of the cleaning product 713 to make the dry product 714, and the moisture content is reduced by the drying device 724.
  • the dried product 714 is crushed to a size suitable for granulation, and is crushed by a secondary crushing device 725 to make a secondary crushed product 715 and a secondary crushing device 725.
  • a secondary crushing device 725 By granulating the secondary crushed material 715 into the shape of fuel to make the granulated material 716 and carbonizing the granulated material 716, the moisture content is further reduced and the granulated material 716 includes a carbonizer 726 that reduces the amount of substances that cause corrosion when using a boiler such as chlorine and sulfur and increases the amount of heat per unit weight to fuel pellet 71, and the amount of heat and brittleness of fuel pellet 71. And a measurement / mixing device 729 for mixing the fuel pellets 71 so that the quality of the product becomes constant. (Seventh manufacturing method 73 of biomass-derived fuel pellets)
  • FIG. 13C shows a flowchart showing the flow of the seventh method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention.
  • the seventh method 73 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets performs a secondary crushing step 735 between the drying step 534 and the granulation step 538 in the fifth method 53 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets.
  • processes other than the secondary crushing process 735 are the same as the processes described in the fifth method 53 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, and include a crushing process 731, a cleaning process 732, a drying process 734, a granulation process 738, and a carbonization process.
  • 736 and the measurement / mixing process 739 correspond to the crushing process 531, the cleaning process 532, the drying process 534, the granulation process 538, the carbonization process 536, and the measurement / mixing process 539, respectively.
  • the secondary crushing step 735 secondary crushing is performed on the dried product 714 whose moisture content has been reduced by the drying step 734. Since the size of the hole provided in the ring die of the ring die type granulator used in the granulation step 738 performed thereafter is ⁇ 6 mm or ⁇ 8 mm, the secondary crushing step is performed so that the hole can be easily inserted and compressed. In 735, it is pulverized to a fiber length of about 10 mm. The pulverized secondary crushed material 715 is granulated in the granulation step 738 and then carbonized in the carbonization step 736, whereby the uniformly carbonized biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 are obtained.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 are finely pulverized and then firmly solidified, the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 have high water resistance and excellent pulverizability, so that biomass for all fuels used when co-firing other fuels is used. It is possible to improve the mixed firing rate, which is a ratio in terms of calorie conversion. (Evaluation test of mixed firing rate)
  • test of grindability was performed.
  • the test is prepared by collecting the sample by the specified method and air-drying, or pre-pulverizing the reduced product to a predetermined size or less, and then pulverizing and screening to a predetermined size. This is the test sample.
  • HGI Hard Glove Grinding Index
  • Biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 of the seventh example were prepared, and HGI, which is a grindability index of the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71, was obtained by the test method described above. (Evaluation of mixed firing rate)
  • the HGI of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 71 of the seventh example was 44. This value is a large value compared to the standard HGI values for various fuel pellets: 16 for wood chips, 14 for raw material PKS (palm palm shell), 25 for PKS, 22 for wood pellets. . This indicates that the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 of the seventh embodiment are more easily pulverized than the various fuel pellets. At least, according to the biomass-derived fuel pellets 71 of the seventh embodiment, the mixed combustion rate is improved. Turned out to be. (Calorie measurement)
  • the higher calorific value of the biomass-derived fuel pellet 71 of the seventh example was measured with a bomb calorimeter. (Evaluation of calories)
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet is required to have a calorific value of 18 MJ / kg or more and 27 MJ / kg or less, more preferably 20 MJ / kg or more.
  • the calorific value of the pellet 71 was measured as a calorific value of 22.1 MJ / kg.
  • the fuel pellet has a large calorific value and can improve the co-firing rate, which is the ratio of the biomass in terms of calorie conversion to the total fuel used when co-firing biomass and other fuels. Can provide. (Biomass fuel conversion system 82 according to the eighth embodiment)
  • FIG. 14A shows a configuration of a biomass fuel conversion system according to the eighth embodiment, which is a preferred embodiment of the biomass fuel conversion system according to the present invention.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system A2 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material A11.
  • the pressing device A30 to be the pressed product A19 and the compressed product A19 are washed to reduce the causative substances of the scale contained in the pressed product A19
  • biomass fuel conversion system A2 The details of the biomass fuel conversion system A2 will be described in a method A3 for producing biomass bunch-derived fuel pellets described later. (Eighth production method A3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets)
  • the eighth method A3 for producing palm empty fruit bunch-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention includes sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material A11.
  • the moisture content is further reduced, and boilers such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the dried product A14
  • the steps other than the pressing step A40 are the same as the steps described in the first method 13 for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets, and the washing step A32, the drying step A34, the carbonization step A36, the granulation step A3A, the measurement and mixing step A39 are These correspond to the cleaning step 132, the drying step 134, the carbonization step 136, the granulation step 138, and the measurement / mixing step 139, respectively.
  • the cleaning step A32 the pressed product A19 may be cleaned in multiple stages.
  • the raw material A11 is squeezed by the squeezing device A30, the plant cells in the raw material A11 are destroyed, a certain amount of water contained in the raw material A11 is removed, and the cause of scale such as potassium in the raw material A11 Elution of the substance is promoted. At this stage, it is desirable that the moisture contained in the raw material A11 is reduced by 40% or more in mass.
  • the pressing device A30 for example, a known screw-type pressing machine, a hydraulic press machine, or the like can be used. (Biomass fuel conversion system B2 according to the ninth embodiment)
  • the biomass fuel conversion system B2 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material B11.
  • the pressing device B30 that makes the compressed product B19 and the compressed product B19 are washed to reduce the causative substances of the scale contained in the compressed product B19, and wash it.
  • a cleaning device B22 to make the product B13, a drying device B24 to reduce the moisture content of the cleaning product B13 to make the dried product B14, and a moisture content to be reduced by the drying device B24 after reducing the moisture content by the drying device B24 Granulate the dried product B14 having decreased in the form of fuel into a granulated product B16, and carbonize the granulated product B16 As a result, the fuel pellet B1 further reduces the moisture content, reduces substances that cause corrosion when using a boiler such as chlorine and sulfur, and increases the amount of heat per unit weight.
  • a carbonizing device B26, and a measuring / mixing device B29 that measures the amount of heat and brittleness of the fuel pellet B1 and mixes the fuel pellet B1 so that the quality of the product is constant. Note that the measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device B29 may be omitted.
  • the ninth production method B3 of the biomass-derived fuel pellet is similar to the compression step A40 to the drying step A34 in the eighth production method A83 of the biomass-derived fuel pellet, from the pressing step B40 to the drying step B34. is there.
  • the ninth production method B3 is different from the eighth production method A3 in that there is a granulation step B38 after the drying step B34, followed by a carbonization step B36.
  • the measurement / mixing step B39 corresponds to the measurement / mixing step A39.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system C2 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material C11.
  • the crushing device C21 that makes the crushed material C12 by crushing the raw material C11 made of palm empty fruit bunches
  • the pressing device C30 that makes the compressed product C19 by squeezing the crushed material C12, and the compressed product C19 are washed.
  • the causative substance of the scale contained in the pressed product C19 is reduced, the cleaning device C22 to make the cleaning product C13, the drying device C24 to reduce the moisture content of the cleaning product C13 to the dry product C14, and the drying After the moisture content is reduced by the device C24, the moisture content is further reduced by carbonizing the dried product C4.
  • the carbonized device 826 that reduces the substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the dried product C4, and converts the carbonized component C17 into a carbide C17 with an increased amount of heat per unit weight;
  • a granulating device C28 for granulating the fuel pellets C1 and a measuring / mixing device C29 for measuring the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellets C1 and mixing the fuel pellets C1 so that the quality of the product is constant. I have. Note that the measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device C29 may be omitted.
  • the tenth production method C3 of the palm empty fruit bun derived fuel pellet according to the present invention includes sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material C11.
  • the crushing process C31 which makes the crushed material C12 by crushing the raw material C11 and the pressing process C40 which makes the squeezed product C19 by squeezing the crushed material C12 so as to promote the elution of the substances causing the scale such as
  • the causative substance of the scale contained in the compressed product C19 is reduced, and the cleaning process C32 to make the cleaning product C13, and the moisture content of the cleaning product C13 is reduced to make the dry product C14.
  • the moisture content is further reduced by carbonizing the dried product C14.
  • Carbonization process C36 which reduces the substance which causes corrosion at the time of boiler use, such as chlorine and sulfur contained in dry matter C14, and makes carbon C17 which increased the calorie
  • the pressing step C40, the washing step C32, the drying step C34, the carbonization step C36, the granulation step C38, the measurement and mixing step C39 are the same as in the eighth production method 83 for biomass-derived fuel pellets, respectively.
  • the crushing step C31 the raw material C11 is crushed by the crushing device C21 so as to have a size suitable for processing by the pressing device C30.
  • the crushed material C19 generated in the crushing step C31 is supplied to the pressing step C40.
  • This crushing device C21 is the same as the crushing device 121 of the biomass fuel conversion system 12 according to the first embodiment. (Biomass fuel conversion system D2 according to the eleventh embodiment)
  • the biomass fuel conversion system D2 promotes elution of substances that cause scale such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, and glass contained in the raw material D11.
  • crushing raw material D11 consisting of palm empty fruit bunches, crushing fibers, crushing device D21 to crushed material D12, squeezing crushed material D12, squeezing device D30 to squeezed product D19
  • the causative substance of the scale contained in the compressed product D19 is reduced, and the cleaning device D22 that makes the cleaned product D13, and the moisture content of the cleaned product D13 is reduced to the dry product D14.
  • the dried product D4 is granulated in the form of fuel, thereby forming the granulated product D1.
  • the moisture content is further reduced, and substances contained in the granulated product D16 that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine and sulfur.
  • a carbonizer D26 that reduces and increases the amount of heat per unit weight of fuel pellets D1, and measures the amount of heat and brittleness of the fuel pellets D1, and mixes the fuel pellets D1 so that the quality of the product is constant -It has a mixing device D29. Note that the measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device D29 may be omitted.
  • FIG. 15D is a flowchart showing the flow of the eleventh method for producing palm empty fruit bunch-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention.
  • the crushing step D31 to the drying step D34 are dried from the crushing step C31 in the tenth production method C3 for biomass-derived fuel pellets. Same as step C34.
  • the eleventh production method D3 is different from the tenth production method C3 in that there is a granulation step D36 after the drying step D34, and then a carbonization step D38 is performed.
  • the measurement / mixing step D39 corresponds to the measurement / mixing step C39.
  • the biomass fuel conversion system E2 heats the raw material E11 made of palm palm stems and leaves to make a heated product E11a that is easy to process, and sodium, potassium contained in the raw material E11, Squeezing device E19 by squeezing raw material E11 made of palm palm leaves so as to promote elution of substances that cause scale such as phosphorus, zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass, etc.
  • the causative substance of the scale contained in the compressed product E19 is reduced, and the cleaning device E22 to make the cleaned product E13, and the moisture content of the cleaned product E13 is reduced to reduce the dried product E14.
  • the drying device E24 and the drying device E24 to reduce the water content and then carbonize the dried product E14. This further reduces the moisture content, reduces substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine and sulfur contained in the dried product E14, and carbonizes the carbonized product E17 with an increased amount of heat per unit weight.
  • the device E26, the granulating device E28 which granulates the carbide E17 into the shape of the fuel, and makes the fuel pellet E1, and the fuel pellet E1 measures the heat quantity and brittleness of the fuel pellet E1 so that the quality of the product becomes constant.
  • a measuring / mixing device E29 a measuring / mixing device E29. Note that the measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device E29 may be omitted.
  • the twelfth production method E3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention includes the steps from the washing step E32 to the granulation step E38 in the eighth production method A3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets shown in FIG. 14A. This is the same as the washing step A32 to the granulation step A38.
  • the twelfth manufacturing method E3 there is a heating step E40A before the pressing step E40, and the heating step E40A heats the raw material E11 to obtain a heated item E11a, and the pressing step E40 presses the heated item E11a.
  • the measurement / mixing step E39 corresponds to the measurement / mixing step A39.
  • the heating device E30A for example, a steamer, a known dryer that blows hot air, or the like can be used, and the raw material E11 is heated and softened to easily squeeze out moisture from the raw material E11.
  • the raw material is heated by, for example, storing the raw material in a container maintained at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes to 1 hour.
  • the biomass fueling system F2 includes a heating device E30A that makes a heated material E11a easy to process by heating a raw material F11 made of palm palm foliage, and sodium, potassium, and phosphorus contained in the raw material F11.
  • Squeezing device F30 to squeeze the raw material F11 made of palm palm foliage so as to promote elution of substances that cause scale such as zinc, lead, copper, aluminum, calcium, sulfur, glass, etc.
  • cleaning apparatus F22 which reduces the causative substance of the scale contained in the pressing material F19 by wash
  • the dried product F14 is granulated in the shape of fuel to produce a granulated product F16, and the granulated product F16 is carbonized to further reduce the moisture content and to be contained in the granulated product F16.
  • the carbonization device F26 that reduces the substances that cause corrosion when using boilers such as chlorine and sulfur and increases the amount of heat per unit weight to the fuel pellet F1, and measures the heat amount and brittleness of the fuel pellet F1
  • a measurement / mixing device F29 for mixing the fuel pellets F1 so that the quality of the product is constant. Note that the measurement itself by the measurement / mixing device F29 may be omitted.
  • the thirteenth production method F3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets according to the present invention includes a washing process F32 to a granulation process F38 in the ninth production method B3 of biomass-derived fuel pellets shown in FIG. 14B. This is the same as the washing step B32 to the granulation step B38.
  • the thirteenth manufacturing method F3 has a heating step F40A before the pressing step F40, and heats the raw material F11 in the heating step F40A to obtain a heating item F11a, and the pressing step F40 presses the heating item E11a. It is different from Nine manufacturing method B3.
  • the measurement / mixing step F39 corresponds to the measurement / mixing step B39.
  • carbonization apparatuses A26, B26, C26 for carbonizing a raw material with superheated steam, D26, E26, and F26 can be replaced with those similar to the carbonization apparatus 226 in the second embodiment.
  • the eighth to thirteenth production methods A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, and F3 each include a carbonization step of carbonizing the raw material in high-temperature oil.
  • the drying apparatuses A24, C24, and E24 and the carbonization apparatuses A26, C26, and E26 are connected to the third embodiment. It can replace with the drying apparatus 334, the secondary crushing apparatus 335, and the carbonization apparatus 336 in the biomass fuel conversion system 32 which concerns on embodiment.
  • the method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets includes a secondary crushing step in which the dried product is crushed to a size suitable for granulation by a secondary crushing device and then carbonized between the drying step and the carbonization step. It becomes.
  • the carbonization apparatuses A26, C26, and E26 and the granulation apparatuses A28, C28, and E28 are The carbonization apparatus 426, the secondary crushing apparatus 427, and the granulation apparatus 428 in the biomass fuel system 42 according to the fourth embodiment can be replaced.
  • the biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing method includes a secondary crushing step of crushing the carbide to a size suitable for granulation by a secondary crushing device between the carbonization step and the granulation step.
  • the drying devices B24, D24, and F24 and the granulating devices B28, D28, and F28 are replaced with the first one. It can replace with the drying apparatus 734, the secondary crushing apparatus 735, and the carbonization apparatus 736 in the biomass fuel conversion system 72 which concerns on seven embodiment.
  • the method for producing biomass-derived fuel pellets includes a secondary crushing step of crushing the dried product to a size suitable for granulation by a secondary crushing device between the drying step and the granulation step.
  • a biomass-derived fuel pellet, a biomass fuel conversion system, and a biomass-derived fuel pellet manufacturing method according to the present invention fuel a palm empty fruit bunch that has been treated as waste in a palm product manufacturing factory or the like. Applicable to usage.
  • washing device 624 ... drying device, 628 ... granulating device, 626 ... carbonization device, 629 ... measuring / mixing device 63 ... sixth manufacturing method 631 of biomass-derived fuel pellets ... crushing step, 632 ... washing Step, 634 ... Drying step, 638 ... Granulation step, 636 ... Carbonization step, 639 ... Measurement / mixing step 72 ... Biomass Materialization system 721 ... primary crushing device, 722 ... cleaning device, 724 ... drying device, 725 ... secondary crushing device, 728 ... granulating device, 726 ... carbonization device, 729 ... measuring / mixing device 73 ... biomass-derived fuel pellets Seventh manufacturing method 731 ... primary crushing step, 732 ...
  • Measuring Mixing device D3 Eleventh production method of biomass-derived fuel pellets
  • D31 crushing step
  • D40 pressing step
  • D32 washing step
  • D34 ... drying step
  • D38 ... granulating step
  • D36 carbonizing step
  • D39 ... measuring Mixing step
  • E2 ... Biomass fuel system
  • E30A Heating device
  • E22 ... Cleaning device
  • E26 ... Carbonization device
  • E29 Measuring / mixing device
  • E29 Measuring / Mixer
  • E3 Twelfth manufacturing method for biomass-derived fuel pellets
  • E40A heating step

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des granulés de combustible dérivés de biomasse qui présentent une valeur calorifique élevée et ne dégradent qu'exceptionnellement les chaudières ; un système pour l'utilisation d'une biomasse en tant que source de combustible ; et un procédé de production de granulés de combustible dérivés de biomasse. Le procédé selon l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes : une étape de broyage (131) consistant à broyer une matière première (111) composée de grappes de fruits vides de palmier de telle sorte que l'élution du potassium hors de la matière première (111) puisse être favorisée, cela étant suivi du broyage des fibres résultantes ; une étape de lavage (132) consistant à laver un produit broyé (112) produit par le broyage lors de l'étape de broyage (131) avec de l'eau chaude pour éliminer le potassium hors du produit broyé (112) ; une étape de séchage (134) permettant de réduire la teneur en eau d'un produit lavé (113) hors duquel le potassium a été éliminé lors de l'étape de lavage (132) pour produire un produit séché (114) ; une étape de carbonisation (136) consistant à éliminer le chlore hors du produit séché (114) dont la teneur en eau a été réduite lors de l'étape de séchage (134) afin de réduire encore davantage la teneur en eau, ce qui permet de carboniser le produit séché (114) ; et une étape de granulation (138) consistant à granuler un produit carbonisé (117) qui a été traité lors de l'étape de carbonisation (136) pour obtenir un combustible.
PCT/JP2018/022949 2017-06-15 2018-06-15 Granulés de combustible, système d'utilisation de biomasse en tant que source de combustible et procédé de production de granulés de combustible dérivés de biomasse WO2018230715A1 (fr)

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JP2020183471A (ja) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-12 株式会社エム・アイ・エス 木材の皮を原料とする半炭化燃料製造装置
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