WO2018230411A1 - 軸流回転機械 - Google Patents
軸流回転機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018230411A1 WO2018230411A1 PCT/JP2018/021706 JP2018021706W WO2018230411A1 WO 2018230411 A1 WO2018230411 A1 WO 2018230411A1 JP 2018021706 W JP2018021706 W JP 2018021706W WO 2018230411 A1 WO2018230411 A1 WO 2018230411A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- axial
- downstream
- medium
- flow
- axis
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
- F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
- F16J15/3292—Lamellar structures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/28—Arrangement of seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
- F05D2250/19—Two-dimensional machined; miscellaneous
- F05D2250/192—Two-dimensional machined; miscellaneous bevelled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
- F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
- F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
- F16J15/4472—Labyrinth packings with axial path
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an axial-flow rotating machine including a rotor that is rotated by a working medium and a casing that covers an outer peripheral side of the rotor.
- a steam turbine which is a type of axial flow rotating machine, includes a rotor that rotates about an axis, a casing that covers the outer periphery of the rotor, and a plurality of stationary blades that are provided inside the casing.
- the rotor has a rotor shaft that is long in the axial direction in which the axis extends with the axis as a center, and a plurality of blades that are fixed to the rotor shaft.
- the moving blade includes an airfoil wing body and a platform. The platform is fixed to the rotor shaft.
- the stationary blade has an airfoil wing body and an inner shroud.
- the rotor shaft is formed with an annular groove that is recessed inward in the radial direction with respect to the axis and that is centered on the axis.
- the inner shroud of the stationary blade enters the annular groove in a non-contact manner.
- the space in which the blade bodies of the plurality of moving blades and the blade bodies of the plurality of stationary blades exist is an annular space with the axis as the center. This annular space forms a steam main flow path through which steam flows.
- part of the steam that flows into the casing passes through the steam main flow path and flows as leaked steam from the cavity inlet into the annular groove.
- the leaked steam passes between the inner shroud and the groove bottom surface of the annular groove, and returns to the steam main flow path from the cavity outlet.
- the cavity inlet is a portion on the upstream side of the axial line with respect to the inner shroud in the opening of the annular groove.
- the cavity outlet is a portion on the downstream side of the axial line with respect to the inner shroud in the opening of the annular groove.
- the leaked steam that passes between the inner shroud and the groove bottom surface of the annular groove and goes toward the cavity outlet contains a radial flow velocity component.
- the flow of leaked steam along the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove has a larger flow velocity component in the radial direction than the leaked steam flow away from the downstream groove side surface to the upstream side of the axis.
- the main steam in the steam main channel is directed to the downstream side of the axis.
- Leaked steam flows from the radially inner side to the radially outer side in the main steam flow flowing in the steam downstream in the radial direction.
- a complicated secondary flow is generated downstream of the mixing portion of the main steam and the leaked steam.
- Patent Document 1 In order to suppress the secondary flow loss, a fin extending radially outward from the groove bottom surface of the annular groove is provided. The fin is disposed at a position between the inner shroud and the downstream side surface of the annular groove in the axial direction. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the presence of this fin suppresses the secondary flow loss by suppressing the radial flow velocity component in the leaked steam flow along the downstream side surface of the annular groove.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that can further suppress the secondary flow loss and further increase the efficiency of the axial-flow rotating machine.
- the axial flow rotary machine for achieving the above object is A rotor that rotates about an axis; a casing that covers an outer peripheral side of the rotor; a plurality of stationary blades that are provided inside the casing and are arranged in a circumferential direction with respect to the axis; and a medium that extends in a radial direction with respect to the axis A medium flow changing member having a flow changing surface.
- the casing includes a medium inlet that guides the working medium to the inside, and a medium outlet that is located on the downstream side in the axial direction, which is the downstream side in the axial direction in which the axis extends from the medium inlet.
- the rotor includes a rotor shaft that is long in an axial direction in which the axis extends with the axis as a center, and a plurality of blades that are fixed to the rotor shaft side by side in the circumferential direction.
- the plurality of stationary blades and the plurality of moving blades are all disposed between the medium inlet and the medium outlet in the axial direction.
- the plurality of moving blades are arranged on the downstream side of the axial line with respect to the plurality of stationary blades.
- Each of the plurality of stationary blades includes a blade body extending in the radial direction to form an airfoil, an inner shroud provided radially inward with respect to the axis of the blade body, and the radial direction of the inner shroud And one or more seal fins provided inside.
- the rotor shaft is formed with an annular groove that is recessed toward the inside in the radial direction and has an annular shape around the axis, and into which the inner shroud and one or more of the seal fins enter without contact.
- the annular groove has a groove bottom surface that faces radially outward with respect to the axis, and a downstream groove side surface that widens from the end of the groove bottom surface on the downstream side of the axis toward the radially outer side.
- the medium flow changing surface faces in the axial direction toward the upstream side of the axis opposite to the downstream side of the axis, and extends from the groove bottom surface toward the radially outer side.
- the distance in the axial direction from the end on the most downstream side of the axis to the side surface of the downstream groove is the distance L.
- the medium flow changing surface is disposed on the upstream side of the axis from the downstream groove side surface.
- the axial distance Lf from the most downstream seal fin on the downstream side of the axis to the medium flow changing surface is equal to or less than the distance L on the downstream side of the axis.
- a part of the main medium flowing through the medium main flow path flows into the annular groove as a leakage medium from the cavity inlet upstream of the inner shroud in the opening of the annular groove.
- This leakage medium flows between the inner shroud and the groove bottom surface of the annular groove toward the downstream side of the axis.
- the leakage medium that has passed between the inner shroud and the groove bottom surface of the annular groove mainly flows radially outward between the downstream end surface of the inner shroud and the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove.
- the leakage medium returns into the medium main flow path from the cavity outlet on the axial downstream side of the inner shroud in the opening of the annular groove.
- This leakage medium is mixed in the flow of the main medium flowing in the medium main flow path on the downstream side of the axis. As a result, a complicated secondary flow is generated downstream of the mixed portion of the main medium and the leakage medium. When a secondary flow is generated in the medium main flow path, the efficiency of the axial flow rotary machine decreases.
- this leakage medium is mainly mainly along the downstream groove side surface. Flows radially outward. For this reason, if the leakage medium flowing on the downstream side of the axial line hits the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove, the leakage medium flowing between the downstream end surface of the inner shroud and the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove will be on the downstream groove side surface.
- the leakage medium flowing radially outward along the radial direction has a larger flow velocity component in the radial direction than the leakage medium flowing radially outward from the downstream groove side surface at the position upstream of the axis.
- the leakage medium that has passed between the radially inner end of the most downstream seal fin and the groove bottom surface of the annular groove among the one or more seal fins mainly along the groove bottom surface. Flows downstream on the axis.
- This leakage medium hits the medium flow changing surface existing on the upstream side of the axial line with respect to the downstream groove side surface.
- the leakage medium hits the medium flow changing surface, the leakage medium mainly flows radially outward along the medium flow changing surface.
- the leakage medium then flows mainly radially outward between the downstream end face of the inner shroud and the downstream groove side face of the annular groove.
- the leakage medium returns to the medium main flow path through the cavity outlet.
- the axial distance from the most downstream seal fin to the medium flow changing surface is not more than the axial distance L from the end on the most downstream side of the axis to the downstream groove side surface in the inner shroud. For this reason, the flow of the main leakage medium can be changed to the flow outside in the radial direction at a position upstream of the downstream groove side surface in the axial direction.
- the flow rate of the leaking medium flowing radially outward along the downstream groove side surface is reduced, and the radial flow velocity of the leaking medium is also reduced.
- the flow rate of the leaking medium flowing radially outward from the downstream groove side surface to the upstream side of the axis increases, and the radial flow velocity of the leaking medium also increases. . That is, in the axial-flow rotating machine of this aspect, the flow velocity distribution regarding the radial flow of the leakage medium at the exit of the cavity is made uniform, and the maximum radial flow velocity is also reduced.
- the efficiency of the axial flow rotary machine can be increased. Furthermore, in the axial flow rotating machine of this aspect, since one or more seal fins are provided on the inner shroud, the flow rate of the leakage medium can be suppressed, and also from this viewpoint, the efficiency of the axial flow rotating machine can be increased. it can.
- the inner shroud has a downstream end surface facing the downstream side of the axial line and facing the downstream groove side surface.
- the downstream end surface includes an inclined surface that gradually toward the downstream side of the axis as it goes outward in the radial direction.
- a part of the leakage medium that flows radially outward between the inner shroud and the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove in the annular groove hits the inclined surface and flows along the inclined surface. It will be.
- the leaking medium flowing along the inclined surface gradually moves downstream in the axial direction as it goes outward in the radial direction. For this reason, in the axial flow rotary machine of this aspect, the radial flow velocity component can be reduced in the flow velocity component of the leakage medium.
- the axial flow rotary machine according to the third aspect of the invention for achieving the above object is
- the inclined surface exists in a direction of 170 ° with respect to the medium flow changing surface from the radially outer end of the medium flow changing surface.
- the flow direction of the leaking medium at the position on the radially outer end of the medium flow changing surface is approximately 170 ° with respect to the medium flow changing surface. For this reason, in the axial flow rotating machine of this aspect, most of the leaked medium that has flowed radially outward along the medium flow changing surface can flow along the inclined surface. For this reason, in the axial flow rotary machine of this aspect, the effect by an inclined surface can be heightened.
- An axial flow rotary machine for achieving the above object is A rotor that rotates about an axis; a casing that covers an outer peripheral side of the rotor; a plurality of stationary blades that are provided inside the casing and are arranged in a circumferential direction with respect to the axis; and a medium that extends in a radial direction with respect to the axis A medium flow changing member having a flow changing surface.
- the casing includes a medium inlet that guides the working medium to the inside, and a medium outlet that is located on the downstream side in the axial direction, which is the downstream side in the axial direction in which the axis extends from the medium inlet.
- the rotor includes a rotor shaft that is long in an axial direction in which the axis extends with the axis as a center, and a plurality of blades that are fixed to the rotor shaft side by side in the circumferential direction.
- the plurality of stationary blades and the plurality of moving blades are all disposed between the medium inlet and the medium outlet in the axial direction.
- the plurality of moving blades are arranged on the downstream side of the axial line with respect to the plurality of stationary blades.
- Each of the plurality of stationary blades includes a blade body extending in the radial direction to form an airfoil, an inner shroud provided radially inward with respect to the axis of the blade body, and the radial direction of the inner shroud And one or more seal fins provided inside.
- the rotor shaft is formed with an annular groove that is recessed toward the inside in the radial direction and has an annular shape around the axis, and into which the inner shroud and one or more of the seal fins enter without contact.
- the annular groove has a groove bottom surface that faces radially outward with respect to the axis, and a downstream groove side surface that widens from the end of the groove bottom surface on the downstream side of the axis toward the radially outer side.
- the medium flow changing surface faces in the axial direction toward the upstream side of the axis opposite to the downstream side of the axis, and extends from the groove bottom surface toward the radially outer side.
- the inner shroud has a downstream end surface facing the downstream side of the axis and facing the downstream groove side surface.
- the downstream end surface includes an inclined surface that gradually toward the downstream side of the axis as it goes outward in the radial direction.
- the medium flow changing surface is located on the upstream side of the axial line with respect to the downstream groove side surface, and is located on the downstream side of the axial line with respect to the most downstream seal fin on the downstream side of the axial line among the one or more seal fins.
- the inclined surface exists in a direction of 170 ° with respect to the medium flow changing surface from the radially outer end of the medium flow changing surface.
- the axial flow rotary machine of this aspect has the medium flow changing member and one or more seal fins are provided on the inner shroud. Secondary flow loss can be suppressed, and the efficiency of the axial flow rotary machine can be increased. Furthermore, even in the axial flow rotating machine of this aspect, since one or more seal fins are provided on the inner shroud, the flow rate of the leakage medium can be suppressed, and also from this viewpoint, the efficiency of the axial flow rotating machine can be improved. it can.
- a part of the leakage medium that flows radially outward between the inner shroud and the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove in the annular groove hits the inclined surface, and follows this inclined surface. Will flow.
- the leaking medium flowing along the inclined surface gradually moves downstream in the axial direction as it goes outward in the radial direction.
- the radial flow velocity component can be reduced in the flow velocity component of the leakage medium.
- the flow direction of the leaking medium at the position on the radially outer end of the medium flow changing surface is approximately 170 ° with respect to the medium flow changing surface. For this reason, in the axial flow rotating machine of this aspect, most of the leaked medium that has flowed radially outward along the medium flow changing surface can flow along the inclined surface. For this reason, in the axial flow rotary machine of this aspect, the effect by an inclined surface can be heightened.
- the inner shroud includes a shroud body provided with the wing body on the radially outer side, and a radially inner side of the shroud body. And a seal ring in which one or more of the seal fins are provided radially inward. In this case, the seal ring has the inclined surface.
- the inner shroud has a gas path surface facing the radially outer side and on which the blade body is formed.
- the inclined surface exists at least in a range from the gas path surface of the inner shroud to a position at a distance half the radial thickness of the inner shroud toward the radially inner side.
- a part of the leakage medium flowing radially outward between the inner shroud and the downstream groove side surface of the annular groove is inclined at a position close to the cavity outlet in the radial direction. Can follow the surface. Therefore, in the axial-flow rotating machine of this aspect, the flow velocity component in the radial direction can be reduced in the flow velocity component of the leakage medium at the cavity outlet.
- An axial flow rotary machine for achieving the above object is
- the radially inner end of the inclined surface extends from the gas path surface of the inner shroud toward the radially inner side, and the radial thickness of the inner shroud. It is located within the range up to half the distance.
- the position of the radially inner end of the inclined surface may be restricted in the axial direction due to the positional relationship with the most downstream seal fin.
- the direction in which the end is positioned on the radially outer side makes the inclined direction of the inclined surface closer to the axial direction.
- the radial flow velocity component becomes smaller in the flow velocity component of the leakage medium flowing along the inclined surface. Therefore, in the axial flow rotating machine of this aspect, the flow velocity component in the radial direction of the leakage medium at the cavity outlet can be made smaller than when the position of this end is positioned radially inward.
- the axial flow rotary machine according to the eighth aspect of the invention for achieving the above object is In the axial-flow rotating machine according to any one of the second to seventh aspects, the medium flow changing surface is located in a region where the inclined surface exists in the axial direction.
- the axial distance Lf from the most downstream seal fin to the medium flow changing surface is shortened. For this reason, the position of the axial direction of the leaking medium flowing radially outward along the medium flow changing surface can be made more upstream on the axial line. Furthermore, in the axial-flow rotating machine of this aspect, most of the leakage medium that has flowed radially outward along the medium flow changing surface can be guided to the inclined surface. For this reason, the flow velocity distribution regarding the radial flow of the leakage medium at the cavity outlet is made more uniform, and the maximum radial flow velocity is also reduced.
- the axial flow rotary machine of the ninth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is In the axial-flow rotating machine according to any one of the second aspect to the eighth aspect, the change surface height, which is the radial distance from the groove bottom surface to the radially outer end of the medium flow change surface, It is lower than the inclined surface height, which is the radial distance from the groove bottom surface to the radially inner end of the inclined surface.
- the end on the radially inner side of the inclined surface is positioned on the upstream side of the axis with respect to the end on the innermost side of the inner shroud. For this reason, the distance in the axial direction from the medium flow changing surface to the radially inner end of the inclined surface is longer than the axial distance from the medium flow changing surface to the end on the most downstream side in the inner shroud. Therefore, in the axial-flow rotating machine of this aspect, even if the stationary blade moves relative to the rotor due to the difference in thermal expansion between the casing and the rotor, contact between the downstream end surface of the inner shroud and the medium flow changing member is avoided. can do.
- An axial flow rotary machine for achieving the above object is In the axial-flow rotating machine according to any one of the second to ninth aspects, a virtual extension line that faces the radially outer side from the inclined surface and does not intersect the downstream groove side surface.
- the amount of leakage medium flowing along the inclined surface hits the downstream groove side surface can be reduced.
- An axial flow rotating machine for achieving the object is as follows: In the axial-flow rotating machine according to any one of the first aspect to the tenth aspect, the shortest distance from the radially outer end of the medium flow changing surface to the inner shroud is equal to or less than the distance L.
- the downstream flow channel in the cavity of the axial-flow rotating machine of this aspect is an extended flow channel having a larger opening area at the outlet than the opening area at the inlet.
- the outlet of the downstream flow path in the cavity is located on the downstream side of the axial line from the inlet of the downstream flow path in the cavity.
- An axial flow rotary machine for achieving the object is as follows:
- the distance Lf is a distance not less than 0.5 times the distance L.
- an axial flow rotary machine for achieving the above object is
- the change surface height that is the radial distance from the groove bottom surface to the radially outer end of the medium flow change surface is
- the seal surface height is equal to or less than the radial distance from the groove bottom surface to the radially inner end of the inner shroud.
- an axial flow rotary machine for achieving the above object is
- the change surface height that is the radial distance from the groove bottom surface to the radially outer end of the medium flow change surface is The fin height is equal to or less than the radial length of the one or more seal fins.
- the casing is a steam turbine casing, and the steam turbine casing guides the steam as the working medium to the inside.
- a vapor inlet as a medium inlet and a vapor outlet as the medium outlet may be provided. That is, the axial flow rotary machine may be a steam turbine.
- the casing is a gas turbine casing, and the gas turbine casing guides the combustion gas as the working medium to the inside.
- You may have a combustion gas inlet as a medium inlet, and a combustion gas outlet as the said medium outlet. That is, the axial flow rotary machine may be a gas turbine.
- the secondary flow loss can be suppressed and the efficiency of the axial-flow rotating machine can be increased.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view around the inner annular groove and the inner shroud of an axial-flow rotating machine including a medium flow changing member according to a modified example of the present invention.
- the steam turbine casing 10 includes an inflow portion 11 through which steam flows from the outside, a body portion 12, and an exhaust portion 15 that exhausts the steam to the outside.
- the steam turbine casing is simply referred to as a casing.
- the inflow portion 11 is formed with a steam inlet (medium inlet) 11 i that guides steam as a working medium.
- the trunk portion 12 is substantially cylindrical with the axis line Ar as the center.
- the exhaust unit 15 is formed with a steam outlet (medium outlet) 15o for exhausting the steam to the outside.
- drum 12, and the exhaust part 15 are located in a line with the axial direction Da in this order.
- a side where the inflow portion 11 is present with respect to the exhaust portion 15 is referred to as an axial upstream side Dau, and the opposite side is referred to as an axial downstream side Dad.
- the rotor 20 includes a rotor shaft 21 that extends in the axial direction Da around the axis line Ar, and a plurality of blade rows 31 that are attached to the rotor shaft 21.
- the plurality of moving blade rows 31 are arranged in the radial inner side Dri of the cylindrical body 12 along the axial direction Da.
- Each of the blade rows 31 is composed of a plurality of blades 32 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the plurality of stationary blade rows 41 are arranged in the axial direction Da. Each stationary blade row 41 is disposed on the axial upstream side Dau of any one of the plurality of blade rows 31. Each stationary blade row 41 is configured by a plurality of stationary blades 42 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc. Each of the stationary blades 42 is arranged on the radially inner side Dri of the cylindrical body 12 and is fixed to the body 12.
- the end of the axis upstream Dau of the rotor shaft 21 protrudes from the casing 10 to the axis upstream Dau. Further, the end of the axis downstream Dad of the rotor shaft 21 protrudes from the casing 10 to the axis downstream Dad.
- An upstream shaft seal 16u is provided at a portion of the inflow portion 11 of the casing 10 where the rotor shaft 21 penetrates to the outside.
- a downstream shaft seal 16d is provided at a portion of the exhaust portion 15 of the casing 10 where the rotor shaft 21 penetrates to the outside.
- a portion of the rotor shaft 21 that is on the upstream side of the axial line Dau with respect to the upstream side shaft seal 16u is supported by the upstream side bearing 17u.
- the portion of the rotor shaft 21 on the downstream side of the axial line Dad with respect to the downstream side shaft seal 16d is supported by the downstream side bearing 17d.
- the rotor 20 is supported by the upstream bearing 17u and the downstream bearing so as to be rotatable about the axis Ar.
- the moving blade 32 includes a wing body 33 that forms an airfoil shape and extends in the radial direction Dr, and an outer shroud 34 that is provided on the radially outer side Drro of the wing body 33.
- the wing body 33 is fixed to the rotor shaft 21.
- a surface of the radially inner shri of the outer shroud 34 forms a gas path surface 35.
- this outer side shroud 34 may be abbreviate
- An outer annular groove 13 is formed in a portion of the body portion 12 of the casing 10 that faces the outer shroud 34 of the rotor blade 32 in the radial direction Dr.
- the outer annular groove 13 is recessed in the radially outer side Dro and has an annular shape about the axis Ar.
- the outer shroud 34 of the rotor blade 32 is disposed in the outer annular groove 13.
- a plurality of seal fins 14 extending from the groove bottom surface to the radially inner side Dri are provided on the groove bottom surface of the outer annular groove 13.
- the outer shroud 34 of the rotor blade 32 is disposed in the outer annular groove 13 in a non-contact state with the outer annular groove 13 and the plurality of seal fins 14.
- the stationary blades 42 are formed in an airfoil 43 extending in the radial direction Dr, an inner shroud 44 provided on the radial inner side Dri of the wing body 43, and a radial inner side Dri of the inner shroud 44.
- the inner shroud 44 includes a shroud body 45 and a seal ring 46 fixed to the radially inner side Dri of the shroud body 45.
- the stationary blade 42 is arranged on the radially inner side Dri of the cylindrical body 12 and is fixed to the body 12.
- a plurality of seal fins 49 extending from the seal ring 46 to the radially inner side Dri are provided on the radially inner side Dri of the seal ring 46.
- the plurality of seal fins 49 are arranged in the axial direction Da.
- the inner annular groove 22 is formed in a portion of the rotor shaft 21 that faces the inner shroud 44 of the stationary blade 42 in the radial direction Dr.
- the inner annular groove (hereinafter simply referred to as an annular groove) 22 is recessed in the radially inner side Dri and forms an annular shape about the axis Ar.
- the inner shroud 44 and the plurality of seal fins 49 are disposed in the annular groove 22 in a non-contact state with the annular groove 22.
- the portion on the upstream side of the axis Dau from the inner shroud 44 forms a cavity inlet 26.
- a portion of the axial downstream side Dad from the inner shroud 44 forms a cavity outlet 27.
- the annular groove 22 includes a groove bottom surface 23 facing the radially outer side Dro, an upstream groove side surface 24 extending from the end of the axial upstream side Dau of the groove bottom surface 23 toward the radially outer side Dro, and an axial downstream side Dad of the groove bottom surface 23. And a downstream groove side surface 25 extending from the end toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the upstream groove side surface 24 and the downstream groove side surface 25 face each other in the axial direction Da.
- the steam turbine according to the present embodiment further includes a medium flow changing member 60.
- the medium flow changing member 60 has a plate shape, a part of which is embedded in the rotor shaft 21, and the remaining portion protrudes from the rotor shaft 21 to the radially outer side Dro.
- the medium flow changing member 60 has a medium flow changing surface 61.
- the medium flow changing surface 61 faces the axial upstream side Dau and extends from the groove bottom surface 23 toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the medium flow changing surface 61 is on the axial upstream side Dau of the downstream groove side surface 25 of the annular groove 22, and among the plurality of seal fins 49, the axial downstream side of the most downstream seal fin 49 d on the axial downstream side Dad. Located in Dad.
- the inner shroud 44 has an upstream end face 51 facing the upstream groove side surface 24 facing the upstream upstream side Dau, a downstream end face 52 facing the downstream side groove side 25 facing the downstream axis Dad, and a radially outer side Dro. It has a gas path surface 56 that faces and a seal surface 57 that faces the radially inner side Dri.
- the upstream end surface 51 and the downstream end surface 52 have a back-to-back relationship in the axial direction Da.
- a wing body 43 is formed on the gas path surface 56.
- the gas path surface 56 and the seal surface 57 have a back-to-back relationship in the radial direction Dr.
- the downstream end surface 52 includes a parallel surface 53 that is substantially parallel to the downstream groove side surface 25, and an inclined surface 54 that is inclined with respect to the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the parallel surface 53 forms a radially outer surface Dro in the downstream end surface 52.
- the inclined surface 54 is a surface that gradually moves toward the axial downstream side Dad toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the inclined surface 54 forms a radially inner surface of the downstream end surface 52.
- the inclined surface 54 is formed across the shroud body 45 of the inner shroud 44 and the seal ring 46 of the inner shroud 44.
- the space where the blade bodies 33 of the plurality of moving blades 32 and the blade bodies 43 of the plurality of stationary blades 42 exist is an annular space with the axis Ar as a center.
- This annular space forms a medium main flow path 18 through which steam as a working medium flows.
- the medium main flow path 18 includes a gas path surface 56 in the inner shroud 44 of the stationary blade 42, a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10 that faces the inner shroud 44 in the radial direction Dr, and an inner peripheral surface of the rotor shaft 21.
- the blade 32 is fixed and the gas path surface 35 in the outer shroud 34 of the blade 32 is defined.
- a distance L in the axial direction Da from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad to the downstream side groove side surface 25 in the inner shroud 44 is a distance L.
- the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61 is not more than the distance L and not less than the distance (0.5 ⁇ L). That is, the relationship between the distance L and the distance Lf is as follows. 0.5 ⁇ L ⁇ Lf ⁇ L
- the medium flow changing surface 61 is located on the downstream side Dad of the inner shroud 44 more than the end 58 of the downstream side of the axial line Dad.
- Hg ⁇ (Hg + Hh) Hp ⁇ Hc Hg: seal gap that is the distance in the radial direction Dr from the groove bottom surface 23 to the end of the radial inner side Dri of the seal fin 49
- Hf fin height that is the length in the radial direction Dr of the seal fin 49 Hp: from the groove bottom surface 23
- Seal surface height which is the distance in the radial direction Dr to the seal surface 57 of the inner shroud 44
- the steam turbine of the comparative example also includes the rotor 20 and a plurality of stationary blades 42x, similarly to the steam turbine of the present embodiment.
- the rotor 20 is completely the same as the rotor 20 of the present embodiment.
- the stationary blade 42x also has a wing body 43, an inner shroud 44x, and a plurality of seal fins 49, like the stationary blade 42 of the present embodiment.
- the inner shroud 44 x has an upstream end surface 51, a downstream end surface 52 x, a gas path surface 56, and a seal surface 57, similar to the inner shroud 44 of the present embodiment.
- the downstream end surface 52x does not include the inclined surface 54 of the present embodiment. That is, the downstream end surface 52x is a parallel surface that is substantially parallel to the downstream groove side surface 25 as a whole.
- the steam turbine of the comparative example does not have the medium flow changing member 60 in the steam turbine of the present embodiment.
- the leaked steam Sl that has passed through the plurality of seal fins 49 flows between the downstream end face 52x of the inner shroud 44x and the downstream groove side face 25 of the annular groove 22 mainly in the radially outer side Dro.
- the leaked steam S1 returns from the cavity outlet 27 into the medium main flow path 18.
- This leaked steam Sl is mixed in the flow of the main steam Sm flowing in the medium main flow path 18 to the axial downstream side Dad.
- a complicated secondary flow Ss is generated downstream of the mixing portion of the main steam Sm and the leaked steam S1.
- the efficiency of the steam turbine is reduced.
- the leaked steam Sl that has passed between the end of the radially inner side Dri of the most downstream seal fin 49 d and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22 is mainly along the groove bottom surface 23 on the downstream side of the axis. It flows to Dad.
- this leaked steam Sl hits the downstream groove side surface 25, it mainly flows along the downstream groove side surface 25 substantially to the radially outer side Dro.
- the leakage steam Sl flowing downstream in the radial direction along the downstream groove side surface 25 is downstream.
- the flow rate component in the radial direction Dr becomes larger than the leaked steam Sl flowing in the radially outer side Dro at a position away from the side groove side surface 25 to the axial upstream side Dau. That is, the flow velocity distribution regarding the flow in the radial direction Dr of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 is as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. As this flow velocity distribution shows, the flow velocity in the radial direction Dr at a position close to the downstream groove side surface 25 in the axial direction Da is extremely large. Further, in the comparative example, the flow velocity in the radial direction Dr suddenly decreases as the flow velocity value shifts from the maximum position to the position upstream of the axis Dau.
- a part of the main steam Sm flowing through the medium main flow path 18 flows into the annular groove 22 from the cavity inlet 26 as the leaked steam S1 as in the comparative example steam turbine.
- the leaked steam Sl flows between the seal surface 57 of the inner shroud 44 and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22 toward the downstream side of the axis Dad.
- the seal surface 57 of the inner shroud 44 and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22 are present. The flow rate of the leaked steam Sl passing between the two is suppressed.
- the leaked steam Sl that has passed between the end of the radially inner side Dri of the most downstream seal fin 49 d and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22 is mainly along the groove bottom surface 23 on the downstream side of the axis. It flows to Dad.
- the flow of the leaked steam Sl up to the above is the same as the flow of the leaked steam Sl in the steam turbine of the comparative example.
- the leaked steam Sl that passes between the end of the radially inner side Dri of the most downstream seal fin 49d and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22 and flows along the groove bottom surface 23 to the axial downstream side Dad is more than the downstream groove side surface 25. It hits the medium flow changing surface 61 existing on the axial upstream side Dau. When this leaked steam Sl hits the medium flow changing surface 61, it mainly flows along the medium flow changing surface 61 substantially outward in the radial direction Dro.
- This leaked steam Sl then flows mainly between the downstream end face 52 of the inner shroud 44 and the downstream groove side face 25 of the annular groove 22 in the radially outer side Dro.
- the leaked steam S1 returns to the medium main flow path 18 through the cavity outlet 27.
- the seal fins 49 pass between the end of the radially inner side Dri of the most downstream seal fin 49 d and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22.
- the flow of the leaked steam Sl is mainly along the groove bottom surface 23. Therefore, most of the leaked steam Sl that has passed between the seal surface 57 of the inner shroud 44 and the groove bottom surface 23 of the annular groove 22 can be applied to the medium flow changing surface 61. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the leaked steam Sl that flows along the medium flow changing surface 61 substantially on the radially outer side Dro.
- the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61 is equal to the downstream groove side surface 25 from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad most in the inner shroud 44 as described above. Therefore, the flow of the main leakage steam Sl can be changed to the flow of the radially outer side Dro at the position upstream of the downstream groove side face 25 in the axial upstream direction Dau.
- the flow rate of the leaked steam Sl flowing to the radially outer side Dro along the downstream groove side surface 25 is reduced as compared with the comparative example, and the flow rate of the leaked steam S1 in the radial direction Dr is also reduced.
- the flow rate of the leaked steam Sl flowing to the radially outer side Dro at a position distant from the downstream groove side surface 25 to the axial upstream side Dau is increased, and the leaked steam Sl The flow rate in the radial direction Dr also increases. That is, in this embodiment, the flow velocity distribution regarding the flow in the radial direction Dr of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 is made uniform compared to the comparative example, and the maximum flow velocity in the radial direction Dr is also reduced.
- the inner shroud 44 is formed with an inclined surface 54 that is not formed in the comparative example. For this reason, at least a part of the leaked steam Sl that has flowed substantially radially outward Dro along the medium flow changing surface 61 hits the inclined surface 54 and flows along the inclined surface 54.
- the inclined surface 54 is a surface that gradually moves toward the axial downstream side Dad as it goes toward the radially outer side Dro. Therefore, the leaked steam Sl flowing along the inclined surface 54 gradually goes to the axial downstream side Dad as it goes to the radially outer side Dro. For this reason, the flow velocity component in the radial direction Dr in the flow velocity component of the leaked steam Sl is smaller than that in the comparative example. That is, in this embodiment, the inclined surface 54 can make the flow velocity component in the radial direction Dr of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 smaller than that in the comparative example.
- the flow velocity distribution related to the flow in the radial direction Dr of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 is indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Compared to the comparative example, it is made uniform, and the maximum flow velocity in the radial direction Dr is also reduced.
- the momentum is proportional to the square of the speed
- the flow velocity distribution at the cavity outlet 27 is made uniform, and the smaller the maximum flow velocity in the radial direction Dr is, the more downstream the axis is from the mixing position of the main steam Sm and the leaked steam Sl.
- the growth of the secondary flow Ss formed in Dad can be suppressed. For this reason, in this embodiment, the growth of the secondary flow Ss can be suppressed as compared with the comparative example, and the secondary flow loss can be suppressed.
- the efficiency of the steam turbine can be increased. Further, in the present embodiment, since the plurality of seal fins 49 are provided on the inner shroud 44, the flow rate of the leaked steam Sl can be suppressed, and the efficiency of the steam turbine can be increased also from this viewpoint.
- the distance L in the axial direction Da from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad to the downstream side groove side surface 25 of the inner shroud 44 is fixed to the casing 10 due to the difference in thermal expansion between the casing 10 and the rotor 20. Even if the blades 42 move to the maximum axial downstream Dad relative to the rotor 20, the dimensions are set such that the inner shroud 44 of the stationary blade 42 and the downstream groove side surface 25 of the rotor 20 cannot contact each other. Yes.
- the portion on the radially inner side Dri in the downstream end surface 52 of the inner shroud 44 includes: Since the inclined surface 54 is formed, the radially inner portion Dri of the inner shroud 44 escapes to the axial upstream side Dau in the downstream end surface 52 of the inner shroud 44 more than the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61 is not less than the distance (0.5 ⁇ L).
- the downstream end surface 52 of the inner shroud 44 includes the inclined surface 54, but the inclined surface 54 may not be included.
- the manufacturing cost of the inner shroud 44 can be reduced, while the effect of the inclined surface 54 cannot be obtained. Therefore, when the downstream end surface 52 of the inner shroud 44 does not include the inclined surface 54, the plurality of seal fins 49 and the medium flow changing member 60 provided on the inner shroud 44 can cause the leakage steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 in the radial direction Dr.
- the flow velocity distribution related to the flow can be made uniform, the effect of making the flow velocity distribution uniform is smaller than that of the present embodiment.
- the axial-flow rotating machine of this embodiment is also a steam turbine as in the first embodiment.
- the steam turbine of the present embodiment is obtained by changing the angle of the inclined surface 54 in the steam turbine of the first embodiment, and other configurations are basically the same as the configuration of the steam turbine of the first embodiment.
- the downstream end surface 52a of the inner shroud 44a of this embodiment is also inclined with respect to the parallel surface 53a substantially parallel to the downstream groove side surface 25 and the downstream groove side surface 25.
- an inclined surface 54a is also inclined with respect to the parallel surface 53a substantially parallel to the downstream groove side surface 25 and the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the parallel surface 53a forms a surface on the radially outer side Dro in the downstream end surface 52a.
- the inclined surface 54a is a surface that gradually toward the axial downstream side Dad as it goes toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the inclined surface 54a forms a radially inner surface of the downstream end surface 52a.
- the inclined surface 54a is formed across the shroud body 45a of the inner shroud 44a and the seal ring 46a of the inner shroud 44a.
- the virtual extension line lv that is the virtual extension line related to the inclined surface 54a of the present embodiment and that faces the downstream downstream Dad from the inclined surface 54a toward the radially outer side Dro does not intersect the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the virtual extension line lv intersects the virtual extension line extending from the downstream groove side surface 25 to the radially outer side Dro.
- the shortest distance Ls from the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow changing surface 61 to the inner shroud 44a is the innermost shroud 44a from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad to the downstream groove side surface 25. It is less than or equal to the distance L in the axial direction Da. That is, the relationship between the distance L and the distance Ls is as follows. Ls ⁇ L
- the distance L, the distance Lf, the changed surface height Hc, the seal gap Hg, the fin height Hf, and the seal surface height Hp in the present embodiment are all the same as the corresponding dimensions in the first embodiment.
- At least a part of the leaked steam Sl that has flowed substantially radially outward Dro along the medium flow changing surface 61 hits the inclined surface 54a and flows along the inclined surface 54a.
- the leaked steam Sl flowing along the inclined surface 54a gradually goes to the axial downstream side Dad as it goes to the radially outer side Dro.
- the gap between the end 62 of the medium flow changing surface 61 on the radially outer side Dro and the portion 59 of the inner shroud 44a located at the shortest distance Ls from the end 62 is defined as the inlet of the downstream flow path in the cavity.
- the outlet of the downstream channel of the cavity is referred to as a cavity outlet 27.
- the shortest distance Ls from the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow changing surface 61 to the inner shroud 44a is equal to or less than the distance L. Therefore, the downstream channel in the cavity of the present embodiment is an extended channel having a larger opening area at the outlet than the opening area at the inlet.
- the outlet of the intra-cavity downstream flow path is located on the axial downstream side Dad with respect to the inlet of the intra-cavity downstream flow path.
- the axial direction Da component may be increased and the radial direction Dr component may be decreased. it can. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the growth of the secondary flow Ss formed on the axial downstream side Dad from the mixing position of the main steam Sm and the leaked steam S1.
- the axial-flow rotating machine of this embodiment is also a steam turbine as in the above embodiment.
- the steam turbine of the present embodiment is obtained by changing the position of the inclined surface 54 in the steam turbine of the first embodiment, and other configurations are basically the same as the configuration of the steam turbine of the first embodiment.
- downstream end surface 52b of the inner shroud 44b of the present embodiment is also inclined with respect to the parallel surface 53b substantially parallel to the downstream groove side surface 25 and the downstream groove side surface 25.
- an inclined surface 54b is also inclined with respect to the parallel surface 53b substantially parallel to the downstream groove side surface 25 and the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the parallel surface 53b of the present embodiment forms a radially inner surface of the downstream end surface 52b.
- the inclined surface 54b is a surface that gradually moves toward the axial downstream side Dad toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the inclined surface 54b of the present embodiment forms a radially outer surface Dro in the downstream end surface 52.
- the inclined surface 54b is within a range from the gas path surface 56 to a position that is half the distance between the gas path surface 56 and the seal surface 57, in other words, to a position Ph that is half the thickness of the inner shroud 44.
- the inclined surface 54b of the present embodiment forms a surface on the radially outer side Dro in the downstream end surface 52b. Therefore, the virtual extension line from the inclined surface 54b is the same as that of the second embodiment. It does not intersect with the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the inclined surface 54 b of the present embodiment exists in a direction of 170 ° with respect to the medium flow changing surface 61 from the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow changing surface 61.
- the relationship with the distance Lf in the axial direction Da to the surface 61 is as follows. 0.5 ⁇ L ⁇ Lf ⁇ L
- the relationship between the shortest distance Ls from the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow changing surface 61 to the inner shroud 44b and the distance L is as follows. is there. Ls ⁇ L
- the changed surface height Hc, the seal gap Hg, the fin height Hf, and the seal surface height Hp of the present embodiment are all the same as the corresponding dimensions of the first embodiment.
- the inclined surface height Hs which is the distance in the radial direction Dr from the groove bottom surface 23 to the end of the inclined surface 54 on the radially inner side Dri, is higher than the changed surface height Hc.
- the flow velocity component in the radial direction Dr can be reduced in the flow velocity component of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27. Therefore, in this embodiment, the flow velocity distribution regarding the flow in the radial direction Dr of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 can be made more uniform than in the first and second embodiments.
- the flow direction of the leaked steam Sl at the position of the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow change surface 61 is such that the angle ⁇ with respect to the medium flow change surface 61 is approximately 170 °.
- the leaked steam Sl hits the medium flow changing surface 61, it slightly flows to the axial upstream side Dau while flowing to the radially outer side Dro.
- This 170 ° is an angle obtained as a result of the flow analysis by the computer.
- the inclined surface 54 b exists in the direction of 170 ° with respect to the medium flow change surface 61 from the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow change surface 61.
- the effect of the inclined surface 54b can be enhanced by making the inclined surface 54b exist in a direction of 170 ° with respect to the medium flow changing surface 61 from the end 62 on the radially outer side Dro of the medium flow changing surface 61. .
- the height Hc of the medium flow changing surface 61 is greater than the inclined surface height Hs.
- the parallel surface 53b existing on the radially inner side Dri of the inclined surface 54b escapes more to the axial upstream side Dau than the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad in the inner shroud 44b. For this reason, in this embodiment, even if the stationary blade 42 moves relative to the rotor 20 due to a difference in thermal expansion between the casing 10 and the rotor 20, the downstream end surface 52b of the inner shroud 44 and the medium flow changing member 60 Can be avoided.
- the axial-flow rotating machine of this embodiment is also a steam turbine as in the above embodiment.
- the steam turbine of the present embodiment is obtained by changing the position of the medium flow changing surface 61 in the steam turbine of the third embodiment, and other configurations are basically the same as the configuration of the steam turbine of the third embodiment.
- the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61a of the medium flow changing member 60a is made shorter than the same distance in the third embodiment, and the inclined surface is inclined in the axial direction Da.
- the medium flow changing surface 61a is located in the region where 54b exists.
- the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61a is the axial direction Da from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad to the downstream groove side surface 25 in the inner shroud 44. Shorter than the distance L.
- the axial direction Da of the leaked steam Sl flowing radially outward Dro along the medium flow changing surface 61a can be positioned on the upstream side of the axis Dau with respect to the above embodiments. Furthermore, in this embodiment, most of the leaked steam Sl that has flowed radially outward Dro along the medium flow changing surface 61a can be guided to the inclined surface 54b. For this reason, in this embodiment, the flow velocity distribution regarding the flow in the radial direction Dr of the leaked steam Sl at the cavity outlet 27 is made more uniform than in each of the above embodiments, and the maximum flow velocity in the radial direction Dr is also reduced.
- the stationary blade 42 moves relative to the rotor 20 due to the thermal expansion difference between the casing and the rotor 20.
- the possibility of contact between the downstream end face 52 of the inner shroud 44 and the medium flow changing member 60a is increased.
- the changed surface height Hc may be set to a seal surface height Hp or less, preferably a fin height Hf or less.
- the medium flow is within the region where the inclined surface exists in the axial direction Da.
- the change surface 61 may be positioned.
- the changed surface height Hc in each of the above embodiments and the fifth embodiment described below may be set to a seal surface height Hp or less or a fin height Hf or less.
- the axial-flow rotating machine of this embodiment is also a steam turbine as in the above embodiment.
- the steam turbine of the present embodiment is also the one in which the position of the medium flow changing surface 61 in the steam turbine of the third embodiment is changed, and the other configuration is basically the same as the configuration of the steam turbine of the third embodiment.
- the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61 is equal to the axial direction Da from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad to the downstream groove side surface 25 in the inner shroud 44. Or less than the distance L.
- the distance Lf in the axial direction Da from the most downstream seal fin 49d to the medium flow changing surface 61b of the medium flow changing member 60b is the innermost shroud 44 from the end 58 of the axial downstream side Dad to the downstream groove side surface. It is larger than the distance L in the axial direction Da up to 25.
- the medium flow changing member of each of the above embodiments is a member having a plate shape and a part of which is embedded in the rotor shaft 21. That is, the medium flow changing member of each of the above embodiments is a member independent of the rotor shaft 21.
- the medium flow changing member may be processed together with the rotor shaft 21 from the rotor shaft material. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the medium flow changing member 60 c may be integral with the rotor shaft 21 without a joint portion between the rotor shaft 21 and the medium flow changing member 60 c. Further, the medium flow changing member 60c of the present modification has a block shape in cross section, and the surface 63 of the radially inner side Dri is directly connected to the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the medium flow changing member 60c that is integral with the rotor shaft 21 does not have to have a block cross section, and the surface of the radially inner side Dri does not have to be connected to the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the medium flow changing member 60c that is integral with the rotor shaft 21 may be plate-like in the same manner as the medium flow changing members 60, 60a, and 60b in the above embodiments.
- the height of the medium flow changing surface and the position in the axial direction Da are important, the connection relationship with the rotor shaft 21, the thickness of the medium flow changing member in the axial direction Da, and the like. May be changed as appropriate.
- all of the downstream end face 52c in the inner shroud 44c may be an inclined surface.
- the end 55 on the radially outer side Dro of the inclined surface 54d in the inner shroud 44d may not be directly connected to the end 58 on the downstream side Dad in the gas path surface 56 of the inner shroud 44d.
- the position of the end of the radially inner side Dri of the inclined surface may be limited in the axial direction Da due to the positional relationship with the most downstream seal fin 49d.
- the direction of the inclined surface is closer to the direction of the axial direction Da when the end is positioned on the radially outer side Dro.
- the flow velocity component in the radial direction Dr becomes smaller in the flow velocity component of the leaked steam Sl flowing along this inclined surface.
- the position of the end of the inclined surface on the radially inner side Dr is a position Ph at a distance half the thickness of the inner shroud in the radial direction Dr from the gas path surface 56 of the inner shroud toward the radially inner side Dri. It is preferable that it exists in the range.
- the inclined surface may not be a flat surface but may be a curved surface. In this case, it is preferable that the inclined surface is a curved surface in which the amount of displacement gradually toward the axial downstream side Dad increases toward the radially outer side Dro.
- Modification of axial flow rotating machine Each of the above-described embodiments and the above-described modifications are examples of a steam turbine that is a kind of an axial-flow rotating machine.
- the axial rotary machine is not limited to a steam turbine.
- the axial flow rotary machine may be a gas turbine. Therefore, hereinafter, as a modification of the axial-flow rotating machine, a case where the axial-flow rotating machine is a gas turbine will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a gas turbine 100 includes a compressor 170 that compresses air A, and a combustor 180 that generates combustion gas by burning fuel F in the air compressed by the compressor 170. And a turbine 101 driven by combustion gas, and an intermediate casing 105.
- the compressor 170 includes a compressor rotor 171 that rotates about the axis Ar, a compressor casing 178 that covers the compressor rotor 171, and a plurality of stationary blade rows 174.
- the direction in which the axis Ar extends is the axis direction Da
- the circumferential direction around the axis Ar is simply the circumferential direction Dc
- the direction perpendicular to the axis Ar is the radial direction Dr.
- a side closer to the axis Ar in the radial direction Dr is defined as a radially inner side Dri
- the opposite side is defined as a radially outer side Dro.
- one side of the axial direction Da is defined as an axial upstream side Dau
- the other side is defined as an axial downstream side Dad.
- the compressor rotor 171 includes a rotor shaft 172 extending in the axial direction Da around the axis line Ar, and a plurality of rotor blade rows 173 attached to the rotor shaft 172.
- the plurality of blade rows 173 are arranged in the axial direction Da.
- Each rotor blade row 173 is composed of a plurality of rotor blades arranged in the circumferential direction Dc.
- Any one of the plurality of stationary blade rows 174 is disposed on each axial downstream side Dad of the plurality of blade rows 173.
- Each stationary blade row 174 is provided inside the compressor casing 178.
- Each stationary blade row 174 is configured by a plurality of stationary blades arranged in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the combustor 180 includes a combustion cylinder (or tail cylinder) 181 that sends a high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas G into the turbine 101, and fuel that is compressed in the combustion cylinder 181 by the compressor 170. And a fuel injector 182 for injecting F.
- a fuel line 185 through which the fuel F flows is connected to the fuel injector 182.
- the fuel line 185 is provided with a fuel adjustment valve 186.
- the turbine 101 is disposed on the downstream side Dad of the compressor 170.
- the turbine 101 includes a turbine rotor 120 that rotates about an axis Ar, a turbine casing 110 that covers the turbine rotor 120, and a plurality of stationary blade rows 141.
- the compressor rotor 171 and the turbine rotor 120 are positioned on the same axis Ar and connected to each other to form the gas turbine rotor 102.
- the rotor of a generator 189 is connected to the gas turbine rotor 102.
- the intermediate casing 105 is disposed between the compressor casing 178 and the turbine casing 110.
- the compressor casing 178, the intermediate casing 105, and the turbine casing 110 are connected to each other to form the gas turbine casing 103.
- the combustor 180 is attached to the intermediate casing 105.
- the turbine casing 110 includes a combustion gas inlet (medium inlet) 111 that guides the combustion gas G that is a working medium therein, and a combustion gas outlet (medium outlet) that exhausts the combustion gas G to the outside. 115).
- a combustion cylinder 181 of a combustor 180 is connected to the combustion gas inlet 111.
- the combustion gas outlet 115 is positioned on the axial downstream side Dad with respect to the combustion gas inlet 111.
- the turbine rotor 120 includes a rotor shaft 121 extending in the axial direction Da around the axis line Ar, and a plurality of rotor blade rows 131 attached to the rotor shaft 121.
- the plurality of blade rows 131 are arranged in the radial inner side Dri of the turbine casing 110 in a line in the axial direction Da.
- Each moving blade row 131 includes a plurality of moving blades 132 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the plurality of stationary blade rows 141 are arranged in the axial direction Da. Each stationary blade row 141 is disposed on the axial upstream side Dau of any one of the plurality of blade rows 131. Each of the stationary blade rows 141 includes a plurality of stationary blades 142 arranged in the circumferential direction Dc. All the stationary blades 142 are arranged on the radially inner side Dri of the turbine casing 110 and are fixed to the turbine casing 110.
- the moving blade 132 has an airfoil 133 that has an airfoil shape and extends in the radial direction Dr.
- the wing body 133 is fixed to the rotor shaft 121.
- the stationary blade 142 includes a blade body 143 that forms an airfoil shape and extends in the radial direction Dr, an inner shroud 144 provided on the radially inner side Dr of the blade body 143, and an inner shroud. 144, and a plurality of seal fins 149 provided on the radially inner side Dri.
- the inner shroud 144 has a shroud body 145 and a seal ring 146 fixed to the radially inner side Dri of the shroud body 145.
- the stationary blade 142 is disposed on the radially inner side Dri of the turbine casing 110 and is fixed to the turbine casing 110.
- a plurality of seal fins 149 extending from the seal ring 146 to the radially inner side Dri are provided on the radially inner side Dri of the seal ring 146.
- the plurality of seal fins 149 are arranged in the axial direction Da.
- An annular groove 122 is formed in a portion of the rotor shaft 121 facing the inner shroud 144 of the stationary blade 142 in the radial direction Dr.
- the annular groove 122 is recessed in the radially inner side Dri and forms an annular shape about the axis Ar.
- the inner shroud 144 and the plurality of seal fins 149 are disposed in the annular groove 122 in a non-contact state with the annular groove 122.
- the portion on the upstream side of the axis Dau from the inner shroud 144 forms a cavity inlet 126.
- a portion on the axial line downstream side Dad from the inner shroud 144 forms a cavity outlet 127.
- the annular groove 122 includes a groove bottom surface 123 facing the radially outer side Dro, an upstream groove side surface 124 extending from the end of the axial upstream side Dau of the groove bottom surface 123 toward the radially outer side Dro, and an axial downstream side Dad of the groove bottom surface 123. And a downstream groove side surface 125 extending from the end toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the upstream groove side surface 124 and the downstream groove side surface 125 face each other in the axial direction Da.
- the gas turbine according to this modification further includes a medium flow changing member 160.
- the medium flow changing member 160 has a plate shape, a part of which is embedded in the rotor shaft 121, and the remaining portion protrudes from the rotor shaft 121 to the radially outer side Dro.
- the medium flow changing member 160 has a medium flow changing surface 161.
- the medium flow changing surface 161 faces the axial upstream side Dau and extends from the groove bottom surface 123 toward the radially outer side Dro.
- This medium flow changing surface 161 is on the axial upstream side Dau of the downstream groove side surface 125 of the annular groove 122, and among the plurality of seal fins 149, the downstream side of the axial line downstream of the most downstream seal fin 149 d on the most downstream axis Dad. Located in Dad.
- the inner shroud 144 has an upstream end surface 151 facing the upstream groove side 124 facing the upstream upstream side Dau, a downstream end surface 152 facing the downstream groove side 125 facing the downstream downstream Dad, and a radially outer side Dro. It has a gas path surface 156 that faces and a seal surface 157 that faces the radially inner side Dri.
- the upstream end surface 151 and the downstream end surface 152 have a back-to-back relationship in the axial direction Da.
- a wing body 143 is formed on the gas path surface 156.
- the gas path surface 156 and the seal surface 157 have a back-to-back relationship in the radial direction Dr.
- the downstream end surface 152 includes an inclined surface 154 that is inclined with respect to the downstream groove side surface 25.
- the inclined surface 154 is a surface that gradually moves toward the axial downstream side Dad toward the radially outer side Dro.
- the inclined surface 154 forms a radially inner surface of the downstream end surface 152.
- the inclined surface 154 is formed across the shroud body 145 of the inner shroud 144 and the seal ring 146 of the inner shroud 144.
- the space where the blade bodies 133 of the plurality of moving blades 132 and the blade bodies 143 of the plurality of stationary blades 142 are present is an annular space with the axis Ar as the center.
- This annular space forms a medium main flow path 118 through which the combustion gas G as a working medium flows.
- the medium main flow path 118 includes a gas path surface 156 in the inner shroud 144 of the stationary blade 142, a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the turbine casing 110 that faces the inner shroud 144 in the radial direction Dr, and an outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft 121. It is demarcated by a portion where the moving blade 132 is fixed and a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the turbine casing 110 facing the moving blade 132 in the radial direction Dr.
- the inside of the annular groove 122 is radial along the downstream groove side surface 125, as in the example of the steam turbine described above.
- the flow rate of the leaking combustion gas Gl flowing to the outer side Dro is reduced, and the flow rate of the leaking combustion gas Gl in the radial direction Dr is also reduced.
- the main combustion gas Gm flowing in the medium main flow path 118 to the axial downstream side Dad, and the leak combustion flowing into the medium main flow path 118 from the annular groove 122 The growth of the secondary flow formed on the axial downstream side Dad can be suppressed as compared with the mixing position with the gas Gl, and the secondary flow loss can be suppressed.
- the secondary flow loss can be suppressed and the efficiency of the axial-flow rotating machine can be increased.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年6月12日に日本国に出願された特願2017-115364号に基づき優先権を主張し、この内容をここに援用する。
軸線を中心として回転するロータと、前記ロータの外周側を覆うケーシングと、前記ケーシングの内側に設けられ、前記軸線に対する周方向に並んでいる複数の静翼と、前記軸線に対する径方向に延びる媒体流変更面を有する媒体流変更部材と、を備える。前記ケーシングは、作動媒体を内部に導く媒体入口と、前記媒体入口よりも前記軸線が延びる軸線方向における下流側である軸線下流側に位置する媒体出口と、を有する。前記ロータは、前記軸線を中心として、前記軸線が延びる軸線方向に長いロータ軸と、前記周方向に並んで前記ロータ軸に固定されている複数の動翼と、を有する。複数の前記静翼及び複数の前記動翼は、いずれも、前記軸線方向で前記媒体入口と前記媒体出口との間に配置されている。複数の前記動翼は、複数の前記静翼よりも前記軸線下流側に配置されている。複数の前記静翼は、いずれも、前記径方向に延びて翼形を成す翼体と、前記翼体の前記軸線に対する径方向内側に設けられている内側シュラウドと、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向内側に設けられている一以上のシールフィンと、を有する。前記ロータ軸には、前記径方向内側に向かって凹んで前記軸線を中心として環状を成し、前記内側シュラウド及び一以上の前記シールフィンが非接触で入り込む環状溝が形成されている。前記環状溝は、前記軸線に対する径方向外側を向く溝底面と、前記溝底面の前記軸線下流側の端から前記径方向外側に向かって広がる下流側溝側面と、を有する。前記媒体流変更面は、前記軸線方向で前記軸線下流側とは反対側の軸線上流側を向き、且つ前記溝底面から前記径方向外側に向かって広がっている。前記内側シュラウドで最も前記軸線下流側の端から前記下流側溝側面までの前記軸線方向の距離が距離Lである。前記媒体流変更面は、前記下流側溝側面よりも前記軸線上流側に配置されている。一以上の前記シールフィンのうちで最も前記軸線下流側の最下流シールフィンから前記媒体流変更面までの軸線方向の距離Lfは、前記軸線下流側に前記距離L以下である。
前記第一態様の軸流回転機械において、前記内側シュラウドは、前記軸線下流側を向いて前記下流側溝側面と対向する下流側端面を有する。この場合、前記下流側端面は、前記径方向外側に向かうに連れて次第に前記軸線下流側に向う傾斜面を含む。
前記第二態様の軸流回転機械において、前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端から、前記媒体流変更面に対して170°の方向に前記傾斜面が存在する。
軸線を中心として回転するロータと、前記ロータの外周側を覆うケーシングと、前記ケーシングの内側に設けられ、前記軸線に対する周方向に並んでいる複数の静翼と、前記軸線に対する径方向に延びる媒体流変更面を有する媒体流変更部材と、を備える。前記ケーシングは、作動媒体を内部に導く媒体入口と、前記媒体入口よりも前記軸線が延びる軸線方向における下流側である軸線下流側に位置する媒体出口と、を有する。前記ロータは、前記軸線を中心として、前記軸線が延びる軸線方向に長いロータ軸と、前記周方向に並んで前記ロータ軸に固定されている複数の動翼と、を有する。複数の前記静翼及び複数の前記動翼は、いずれも、前記軸線方向で前記媒体入口と前記媒体出口との間に配置されている。複数の前記動翼は、複数の前記静翼よりも前記軸線下流側に配置されている。複数の前記静翼は、いずれも、前記径方向に延びて翼形を成す翼体と、前記翼体の前記軸線に対する径方向内側に設けられている内側シュラウドと、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向内側に設けられている一以上のシールフィンと、を有する。前記ロータ軸には、前記径方向内側に向かって凹んで前記軸線を中心として環状を成し、前記内側シュラウド及び一以上の前記シールフィンが非接触で入り込む環状溝が形成されている。前記環状溝は、前記軸線に対する径方向外側を向く溝底面と、前記溝底面の前記軸線下流側の端から前記径方向外側に向かって広がる下流側溝側面と、を有する。前記媒体流変更面は、前記軸線方向で前記軸線下流側とは反対側の軸線上流側を向き、且つ前記溝底面から前記径方向外側に向かって広がっている。前記内側シュラウドは、前記軸線下流側を向いて前記下流側溝側面と対向する下流側端面を有する。前記下流側端面は、前記径方向外側に向かうに連れて次第に前記軸線下流側に向う傾斜面を含む。前記媒体流変更面は、前記下流側溝側面よりも前記軸線上流側であって、一以上の前記シールフィンのうちで最も前記軸線下流側の最下流シールフィンよりも前記軸線下流側に位置する。前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端から、前記媒体流変更面に対して170°の方向に前記傾斜面が存在する。
前記第二態様から前記第四態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記内側シュラウドは、前記径方向外側に前記翼体が設けられているシュラウド本体と、前記シュラウド本体の前記径方向内側に固定され、一以上の前記シールフィンが径方向内側に設けられているシールリングと、を有する。この場合、前記シールリングは、前記傾斜面を有する。
前記第二態様から前記第四態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記内側シュラウドは、前記径方向外側を向き、前記翼体が形成されているガスパス面を有する。この場合、前記傾斜面は、前記内側シュラウドの前記ガスパス面から、前記径方向内側に向って、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向の厚さの半分の距離の位置までの範囲内に少なくとも存在する。
前記第六態様の軸流回転機械において、前記傾斜面の前記径方向内側の端は、前記内側シュラウドの前記ガスパス面から、前記径方向内側に向って、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向の厚さの半分の距離の位置までの範囲内に位置する。
前記第二態様から前記第七態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記媒体流変更面は、前記軸線方向で、前記傾斜面が存在する領域内に位置する。
前記第二態様から前記第八態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記溝底面から前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端までの前記径方向の距離である変更面高さは、前記溝底面から前記傾斜面の前記径方向内側の端までの前記径方向の距離である傾斜面高さより低い。
前記第二態様から前記第九態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記傾斜面から前記径方向外側に向かいつつ前記軸線下流側に向う仮想延長線は、前記下流側溝側面と交わらない。
前記第一態様から前記第十態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端から前記内側シュラウドまでの最短距離は、前記距離L以下である。
前記第一態様から前記第十一態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記距離Lfは、前記距離Lの0.5倍以上の距離である。
前記第一態様から前記第十二態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記溝底面から前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端までの前記径方向の距離である変更面高さは、前記溝底面から前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向内側の端までの径方向の距離であるシール面高さ以下である。
前記第一態様から前記第十二態様のいずれかの軸流回転機械において、前記溝底面から前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端までの前記径方向の距離である変更面高さは、一以上の前記シールフィンの前記径方向の長さであるフィン高さ以下である。
本発明に係る軸流回転機械の第一実施形態について、図1~図4を参照して説明する。
0.5×L≦Lf≦L
但し、本実施形態で、媒体流変更面61は、内側シュラウド44で最も軸線下流側Dadの端58よりも軸線下流側Dadに位置している。
Hg<(Hg+Hh)=Hp<Hc
Hg:溝底面23からシールフィン49の径方向内側Driの端までの径方向Drの距離であるシール隙間
Hf:シールフィン49の径方向Drの長さであるフィン高さ
Hp:溝底面23から内側シュラウド44のシール面57までの径方向Drの距離であるシール面高さ
本発明に係る軸流回転機械の第二実施形態について、図5を参照して説明する。
Ls≦L
本発明に係る軸流回転機械の第三実施形態について、図6を参照して説明する。
0.5×L≦Lf≦L
Ls≦L
本発明に係る軸流回転機械の第四実施形態について、図7を参照して説明する。
本発明に係る軸流回転機械の第五実施形態について、図8を参照して説明する。
以上の各実施形態の媒体流変更部材は、板状を成し、その一部をロータ軸21に埋め込んだ部材である。すなわち、以上の各実施形態の媒体流変更部材は、ロータ軸21とは独立した部材である。
以上の各実施形態の傾斜面は、内側シュラウドの下流側端面中の一部のみに存在する。
以上の各実施形態及び以上の各変形例は、いずれも、軸流回転機械の一種である蒸気タービンを例にしたものである。しかしながら、軸流回転機械は、蒸気タービンに限定されない。例えば、軸流回転機械は、ガスタービンであってもよい。そこで、以下では、軸流回転機械の変形例として、軸流回転機械がガスタービンの場合について、図12~図14を用いて説明する。
11:流入部
11i:蒸気入口(媒体入口)
12:胴部
13:外側環状溝
14:シールフィン
15:排気部
15o:蒸気出口(媒体出口)
16u:上流側軸封
16d:下流側軸封
17u:上流側軸受
17d:下流側軸受
18:媒体主流路
20:ロータ
21:ロータ軸
22:内側環状溝(又は、単に環状溝)
23:溝底面
24:上流側溝側面
25:下流側溝側面
26:キャビティ入口
27:キャビティ出口
31:動翼列
32:動翼
33:翼体
34:外側シュラウド
35:ガスパス面
41:静翼列
42:静翼
43:翼体
44,44a,44b,44c,44d:内側シュラウド
45,45b:シュラウド本体
46,46a:シールリング
49:シールフィン
49d:最下流シールフィン
51:上流側端面
52,52a,52b,52c,52d:下流側端面
53,53a,53b:平行面
54,54a,54b,54d:傾斜面
55:(傾斜面で径方向外側の)端
56:ガスパス面
57:シール面
58:(内側シュラウドで最も軸線下流側の)端
60,60a,60b,60c:媒体流変更部材
61,61a,61b:媒体流変更面
62,62b:(媒体流変更面の径方向外側の)端
100:ガスタービン
101:タービン
102:ガスタービンロータ
103:ガスタービンケーシング
105::中間ケーシング
110:タービンケーシング
111:燃焼ガス入口(媒体入口)
114:シールフィン
115:燃焼ガス出口(媒体出口)
118:媒体主流路
120:タービンロータ
121:ロータ軸
122:環状溝
123:溝底面
124:上流側溝側面
125:下流側溝側面
126:キャビティ入口
127:キャビティ出口
131:動翼列
132:動翼
133:翼体
141:静翼列
142:静翼
143:翼体
144:内側シュラウド
145:シュラウド本体
146:シールリング
149:シールフィン
149d:最下流シールフィン
151:上流側端面
152:下流側端面
154:傾斜面
156:ガスパス面
157:シール面
160:媒体流変更部材
161:媒体流変更面
189:発電機
170:圧縮機
171:圧縮機ロータ
172:ロータ軸
173:動翼列
174:静翼列
178:圧縮機ケーシング
179:空気圧縮流路
180:燃焼器
181:燃焼筒(又は尾筒)
182:燃料噴射器
185:燃料ライン
186:燃料調節弁
A:空気
F:燃料
G:燃焼ガス
Gl:漏れ燃焼ガス
Gm:主燃焼ガス
Sm:主蒸気
Sl:漏れ蒸気
Ss:二次流れ
Da:軸線方向
Dau:軸線上流側
Dad:軸線下流側
Dc:周方向
Dr:径方向
Dri:径方向内側
Dro:径方向外側
Claims (16)
- 軸線を中心として回転するロータと、
前記ロータの外周側を覆うケーシングと、
前記ケーシングの内側に設けられ、前記軸線に対する周方向に並んでいる複数の静翼と、
前記軸線に対する径方向に延びる媒体流変更面を有する媒体流変更部材と、
を備え、
前記ケーシングは、作動媒体を内部に導く媒体入口と、前記媒体入口よりも前記軸線が延びる軸線方向における下流側である軸線下流側に位置する媒体出口と、を有し、
前記ロータは、前記軸線を中心として、前記軸線が延びる軸線方向に長いロータ軸と、前記周方向に並んで前記ロータ軸に固定されている複数の動翼と、を有し、
複数の前記静翼及び複数の前記動翼は、いずれも、前記軸線方向で前記媒体入口と前記媒体出口との間に配置され、複数の前記動翼は、複数の前記静翼よりも前記軸線下流側に配置され、
複数の前記静翼は、いずれも、前記径方向に延びて翼形を成す翼体と、前記翼体の前記軸線に対する径方向内側に設けられている内側シュラウドと、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向内側に設けられている一以上のシールフィンと、を有し、
前記ロータ軸には、前記径方向内側に向かって凹んで前記軸線を中心として環状を成し、前記内側シュラウド及び一以上の前記シールフィンが非接触で入り込む環状溝が形成され、
前記環状溝は、前記軸線に対する径方向外側を向く溝底面と、前記溝底面の前記軸線下流側の端から前記径方向外側に向かって広がる下流側溝側面と、を有し、
前記媒体流変更面は、前記軸線方向で前記軸線下流側とは反対側の軸線上流側を向き、且つ前記溝底面から前記径方向外側に向かって広がり、
前記内側シュラウドで最も前記軸線下流側の端から前記下流側溝側面までの前記軸線方向の距離が距離Lであり、
前記媒体流変更面は、前記下流側溝側面よりも前記軸線上流側に配置され、
一以上の前記シールフィンのうちで最も前記軸線下流側の最下流シールフィンから前記媒体流変更面までの前記軸線方向の距離Lfは、前記軸線下流側に前記距離L以下である、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記内側シュラウドは、前記軸線下流側を向いて前記下流側溝側面と対向する下流側端面を有し、
前記下流側端面は、前記径方向外側に向かうに連れて次第に前記軸線下流側に向う傾斜面を含む、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項2に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端から、前記媒体流変更面に対して170°の方向に前記傾斜面が存在する、
軸流回転機械。 - 軸線を中心として回転するロータと、
前記ロータの外周側を覆うケーシングと、
前記ケーシングの内側に設けられ、前記軸線に対する周方向に並んでいる複数の静翼と、
前記軸線に対する径方向に延びる媒体流変更面を有する媒体流変更部材と、
を備え、
前記ケーシングは、作動媒体を内部に導く媒体入口と、前記媒体入口よりも前記軸線が延びる軸線方向における下流側である軸線下流側に位置する媒体出口と、を有し、
前記ロータは、前記軸線を中心として、前記軸線が延びる軸線方向に長いロータ軸と、前記周方向に並んで前記ロータ軸に固定されている複数の動翼と、を有し、
複数の前記静翼及び複数の前記動翼は、いずれも、前記軸線方向で前記媒体入口と前記媒体出口との間に配置され、複数の前記動翼は、複数の前記静翼よりも前記軸線下流側に配置され、
複数の前記静翼は、いずれも、前記径方向に延びて翼形を成す翼体と、前記翼体の前記軸線に対する径方向内側に設けられている内側シュラウドと、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向内側に設けられている一以上のシールフィンと、を有し、
前記ロータ軸には、前記径方向内側に向かって凹んで前記軸線を中心として環状を成し、前記内側シュラウド及び一以上の前記シールフィンが非接触で入り込む環状溝が形成され、
前記環状溝は、前記軸線に対する径方向外側を向く溝底面と、前記溝底面の前記軸線下流側の端から前記径方向外側に向かって広がる下流側溝側面と、を有し、
前記媒体流変更面は、前記軸線方向で前記軸線下流側とは反対側の軸線上流側を向き、且つ前記溝底面から前記径方向外側に向かって広がり、
前記内側シュラウドは、前記軸線下流側を向いて前記下流側溝側面と対向する下流側端面を有し、
前記下流側端面は、前記径方向外側に向かうに連れて次第に前記軸線下流側に向う傾斜面を含み、
前記媒体流変更面は、前記下流側溝側面よりも前記軸線上流側であって、一以上の前記シールフィンのうちで最も前記軸線下流側の最下流シールフィンよりも前記軸線下流側に位置し、
前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端から、前記媒体流変更面に対して170°の方向に前記傾斜面が存在する、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記内側シュラウドは、前記径方向外側に前記翼体が設けられているシュラウド本体と、前記シュラウド本体の前記径方向内側に固定され、一以上の前記シールフィンが径方向内側に設けられているシールリングと、を有し、
前記シールリングは、前記傾斜面を有する、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記内側シュラウドは、前記径方向外側を向き、前記翼体が形成されているガスパス面を有し、
前記傾斜面は、前記内側シュラウドの前記ガスパス面から、前記径方向内側に向って、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向の厚さの半分の距離の位置までの範囲内に少なくとも存在する、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項6に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記傾斜面の前記径方向内側の端は、前記内側シュラウドの前記ガスパス面から、前記径方向内側に向って、前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向の厚さの半分の距離の位置までの範囲内に位置する、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項2から7のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記媒体流変更面は、前記軸線方向で、前記傾斜面が存在する領域内に位置する、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項2から8のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記溝底面から前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端までの前記径方向の距離である変更面高さは、前記溝底面から前記傾斜面の前記径方向内側の端までの前記径方向の距離である傾斜面高さより低い、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項2から9のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記傾斜面から前記径方向外側に向かいつつ前記軸線下流側に向う仮想延長線は、前記下流側溝側面と交わらない、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端から前記内側シュラウドまでの最短距離は、前記距離L以下である、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記距離Lfは、前記距離Lの0.5倍以上の距離である、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記溝底面から前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端までの前記径方向の距離である変更面高さは、前記溝底面から前記内側シュラウドの前記径方向内側の端までの径方向の距離であるシール面高さ以下である、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記溝底面から前記媒体流変更面の前記径方向外側の端までの前記径方向の距離である変更面高さは、一以上の前記シールフィンの前記径方向の長さであるフィン高さ以下である、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記ケーシングは、蒸気タービンケーシングであり、
前記蒸気タービンケーシングは、前記作動媒体としての蒸気を内部に導く前記媒体入口としての蒸気入口と、前記媒体出口としての蒸気出口と、を有する、
軸流回転機械。 - 請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の軸流回転機械において、
前記ケーシングは、ガスタービンケーシングであり、
前記ガスタービンケーシングは、前記作動媒体としての燃焼ガスを内部に導く前記媒体入口としての燃焼ガス入口と、前記媒体出口としての燃焼ガス出口と、を有する、
軸流回転機械。
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